2021 年英语二· Text 4 真题精讲

PART 1 · 全文翻译与长难句精析

第一段

长难句①

We're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive.

结构：and 连接两个并列分句；第一分句中 thin slices of experience 为 first impressions 的同位语，ranging from...to... 现在分词短语作定语修饰 thin slices；第二分句含 not only...but... 并列结构。

译文：我们相当擅长基于第一印象来判断人，第一印象是从瞥一眼照片到五分钟互动这样的薄片经验，而深思熟虑不仅可能是多余的，还可能是干扰性的。

长难句②

In one study of the ability she called "thin slicing", the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness.

结构：she called "thin slicing" 为省略 that 的定语从句（黄色）修饰 ability；主句主语 Nalini Ambady，谓语 asked，后接两个并列不定式 to watch... and to rate... 作宾语补足语。

译文：在她称之为"薄片切片"能力的一项研究中，已故心理学家Nalini Ambady要求参与者观看教授的10秒无声视频片段，并评价教师的整体效果。

第二段

长难句③

Ambady suspectedthat deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression.

结构：主句谓语 suspected 后接 that 引导的宾语从句（绿色）；宾语从句中 focused...on... rather than letting... 为并列结构，rather than 连接两个对比动作；such as... 举例说明 cues。

译文：Ambady怀疑，深思熟虑使他们关注于生动但误导性的线索，如某些手势或言辞，而不是让微妙信号的复杂相互作用形成整体印象。

第三段

第四段

长难句④

And people made car-buying decisions thatwere both objectively better and more personally satisfyingwhen asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only ifthe decision was complex—whenthey had a lot of information to process.

结构：主句 people made car-buying decisions；that 引导定语从句（黄色）修饰 decisions；when asked to... 为时间状语（省略 they were）；but only if 引导条件状语从句（橙色）；when they had... 为时间状语从句（橙色）解释 complex 的含义。

译文：当人们被要求关注自己的感受而非细节时，他们做出的购车决定在客观上更好，在个人上也更令人满意，但前提是决定是复杂的——当他们有大量信息需要处理时。

第五段

长难句⑤

In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four thattapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four thattapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech).

结构：主句 participants completed a battery of eight tasks；including... 为介词短语作补充说明；两个 that 引导定语从句（黄色）分别修饰前后两个 four；括号内为现在分词短语举例说明各类任务。

译文：在一项研究中，参与者完成了一组八个任务，包括四个涉及反思性思维的任务和四个涉及直觉与创造力的任务。

PART 2 · 阅读做题精讲（STEP 四步法）

答案速览：D C C B B

第 36 题

STEP 1 · 找定位词

定位词：Nalini Ambady's study（第一段）

STEP 2 · 找定位句

"In one study of the ability she called 'thin slicing,' the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students' end-of-semester ratings."

STEP 3 · 精读定位句

研究内容：看 10 秒无声视频（薄片经验 = first impressions）→ 评价教授效果 → 评分与学生期末评价"correlated strongly"（高度相关）。高度相关 = 第一印象可靠（reliable）。

STEP 4 · 匹配选项

✓ D the reliability of first impressions（第一印象的可靠性）——10秒视频判断 + correlated strongly = 第一印象可靠✗ A 师生互动——研究是看视频评价，不是互动✗ B 记忆力——研究测的是判断准确度，不是记忆✗ C 影响他人的能力——研究是评价能力，不是影响能力

第 37 题

STEP 1 · 找定位词

定位词：rating accuracy dropped / when participants（第二段）

STEP 2 · 找定位句

"another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances..."

STEP 3 · 精读定位句

准确率下降的原因：被要求写理由 → 触发深思（deliberation）→ 使他们关注"vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances"（生动但误导性的线索，如某些手势或言辞）。关注具体线索/细节 = focused on specific details。

STEP 4 · 匹配选项

✓ C focused on specific details（关注具体细节）——focused on vivid but misleading cues such as gestures or utterances = specific details✗ A 限时给评分——文章说花一分钟写理由，不是限时评分✗ B 看更短的视频片段——第二段提到 15 秒片段但结果相似，不是更短导致下降✗ D 与他人讨论——文章未提及讨论

第 38 题

STEP 1 · 找定位词

定位词：Judith Hall mentions driving（第三段）

STEP 2 · 找定位句

"It's as if you're driving a stick shift... and if you start thinking about it too much, you can't remember what you're doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you're fine. Much of our social life is like that."

STEP 3 · 精读定位句

开车比喻的核心：想太多（thinking about it too much）→ 做不好；自动驾驶（automatic pilot）→ 没问题。thinking too much = reflection（反思/深思），做不好 = distracting（干扰）。最后一句"Much of our social life is like that"将比喻映射到社交判断。

STEP 4 · 匹配选项

✓ C reflection can be distracting（反思会分心/干扰）——thinking too much = reflection，can't remember what you're doing = distracting✗ A 记忆可能有选择性——比喻讲的是深思干扰，不是记忆选择✗ B 社交技能必须培养——文章说的是靠直觉，不是培养技能✗ D 欺骗难以检测——段落主题之一是检测欺骗，但开车比喻说的是反思的干扰

第 39 题

STEP 1 · 找定位词

定位词：complex decisions（第四段）

STEP 2 · 找定位句

"And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex—when they had a lot of information to process."

STEP 3 · 精读定位句

复杂决定（complex decision）时的最佳策略：focus on their feelings rather than on details（关注感受而非细节）→ 决定客观更好且个人更满意。follow your feelings = focus on feelings。

STEP 4 · 匹配选项

✓ B follow your feelings（跟随你的感受）——focus on feelings rather than details = follow your feelings✗ A 列出偏好——文章说不要分析，列出偏好属于分析✗ C 寻求专家建议——文章提到专家意见仅作为对照基准，不是建议寻求专家✗ D 收集足够数据——文章说关注感受而非细节，不是收集数据

第 40 题

STEP 1 · 找定位词

定位词：last paragraph（第五段）

STEP 2 · 找定位句

"...including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary)... Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected, and helped them on the rest."

STEP 3 · 精读定位句

八个任务分两类：前四个 = reflective thinking（反思性思维，如辨别规则、理解词汇）；后四个 = intuition and creativity。研究结论：使用直觉（gut）"hurt their performance on the first four tasks"（损害前四个反思性任务的表现）。即直觉会影响（损害）反思性任务。

STEP 4 · 匹配选项

✓ B Intuition may affect reflective tasks.（直觉可能影响反思性任务）——Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four (reflective) tasks = intuition affects reflective tasks✗ A 生成新产品需要时间——文章未提及时间因素✗ C 词汇理解需要创造力——文章说词汇理解属反思性思维，与创造力无关✗ D 客观思考可能促进发明——文章说直觉（非客观思考）促进创造性任务

文末答案速查

D — C — C — B — B