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【赢在高考·黄金 8 卷】备战 2024 年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）
黄金卷 08
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，
用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项
涂黑。
Jennifer finds Cecelia reading a newspaper alone in the room. “Hi Cecelia, do you 1 me? Jennifer.” The
91-year-old resident at Newburgh elder care center says a friendly hello, but doesn’t seem to recognize Jennifer
today.
It’s one nice spring afternoon. Jennifer invites Cecelia to go down to the 2 . She helps Cecelia head to
the elevator. Cecelia wheels herself forward, as Jennifer 3 guides her from behind.
The two have been getting to know each other over the past few months since Jennifer, the recent Boston
University graduate, began to volunteer in the center, 4 residents with Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症).
Down in the courtyard, Cecelia begins reading a poem, slowly and lyrically (抒情地). Jennifer listens
attentively, and then asks if Cecelia knows who wrote the poem，to help her with a “ 5 stretch”. Together,
they reflect on the poem’s meaning. Cecelia’s deep understanding of the poem suggests that she is such a 6
lady. Jennifer tells Cecelia, “You’re the one who makes me 7 coming here every week. I love learning from
you. You’re like my teacher.”
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002“You give the old people a 8 to think and to know they get good care,” Cecelia replies.
Jennifer’s relationship with Cecelia has played an important role in 9 her passion for looking after
older generations. “We should take time to listen to them. Just listening is an act of 10 ,” Jennifer says.
1．A．hear B．understand C．trust D．remember
2．A．courtyard B．center C．elevator D．room
3．A．bravely B．lightly C．gratefully D．immediately
4．A．relying on B．looking into C．appealing to D．caring for
5．A．hand B．leg C．brain D．back
6．A．frank B．wise C．modest D．humorous
7．A．look forward to B．pay attention to C．give in to D．object to
8．A．dream B．method C．chance D．plan
9．A．rediscovering B．exchanging C．consuming D．shaping
10．A．friendship B．kindness C．loyalty D．courage
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了义工詹妮弗照顾养老院91老人塞西莉亚的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：嗨，塞西莉亚，你还记得我吗？我是詹妮弗。A. hear听；B. understand理解；
C. trust相信；D.remember记得。根据下文“Jennifer”以及“but doesn’t seem to recognize Jennifer today.”可知，
詹妮弗问塞西莉亚是否记得她。故选D项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗邀请塞西莉亚到院子里去。A. courtyard庭院；B. center中心；C.
elevator电梯；D. room房间。根据下文“Down in the courtyard”可知，詹妮弗邀请塞西莉亚到院子里去。故
选A项。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx0023．考查副词词义辨析。句意：塞西莉亚向前推进，詹妮弗轻轻地从后面引导她。A. bravely勇敢地；B.
lightly 轻轻地；C. gratefully感激地；D. immediately立即。根据常识可知，塞西莉亚是个91岁的老人且坐
着轮椅，所以要轻轻地引导她。 故选B项。
4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：最近几个月，波士顿大学毕业生詹妮弗开始在该中心做志愿者，照顾患
有阿尔茨海默病的居民，这两人就开始相互了解。A. relying on依靠；B. looking into调查；C. appealing to
呼吁；D. caring for照顾，关心。根据下文“they get good care”可知，波士顿大学毕业生詹妮弗开始在该中心
做志愿者，照顾患有阿尔茨海默病的居民。故选D项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗全神贯注地听着，然后问塞西莉亚是否知道这首诗是谁写的，以帮助
她“脑洞大开”。A. hand手；B. leg腿；C. brain大脑；D. back后背。根据上文“asks if Cecelia knows who
wrote the poem”以及下文“Together, they reflect on the poem’s meaning.”可知，然后问塞西莉亚是否知道这首
诗是谁写的，以帮助她“脑洞大开”（恢复记忆）。故选C项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：塞西莉亚对这首诗的深刻理解表明她是一位如此聪明的女士。A. frank坦
率的；B. wise聪明的；C. modest谦虚的；D. humorous幽默的。根据上文“Cecelia’s deep understanding of
the poem”可知，塞西莉亚对这首诗的深刻理解表明她是一位如此聪明的女士。故选B项。
7．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗告诉塞西莉亚：你是那个让我期待每周来到这里的人。A. look
forward to期望；B. pay attention to注意 ；C. give in to屈服；D. object to反对。根据下文“I love learning
from you. You’re like my teacher.”可知，詹妮弗告诉塞西莉亚：你是那个让我期待每周来到这里的人。故选A
项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你给老人们一个思考的机会，让他们知道自己得到了很好的照顾，”塞西莉
亚回答。A. dream梦想；B. method方法；C. chance机会；D. plan计划。根据下文“to think and to know
they get good care”可知，你给老人们一个思考的机会，让他们知道自己得到了很好的照顾。故选C项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗与塞西莉亚的关系在塑造她照顾老年人的热情方面发挥了重要作用。
A. rediscovering重新发现；B. exchanging交流 ；C. consuming消费 ；D. shaping形成、塑造。根据上文
“You’re the one who makes me ___7___ coming here every week. I love learning from you. You’re like my
teacher.”以及下文“her passion for looking after older generations.”可知，詹妮弗与塞西莉亚的关系在塑造她照
顾老年人的热情方面发挥了重要作用。故选D项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：倾听是一种善意的行为。A. friendship友谊；B. kindness善意；C. loyalty忠
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002诚；D. courage勇气。根据上文“began to volunteer in the center”以及“listening”可知，倾听是一种善意的行为。
故选B项。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
With the popularity of cycling, many cities have combined their tourism characteristics to launch themed
routes. From indoor exhibitions 11 outdoor concerts and night cycling along the South Central Axis (轴),
a series of activities 12 (introduce) next month so that urban residents can enjoy themselves. An official
of the China Tourism Academy said, “As mass tourism grows in popularity, only high-quality outdoor tourism
products can attract visitors and the integration of micro-vacation products with outdoor sports products 13
(have) a broad space for development.”
【答案】11．to 12．will be introduced 13．has / will have
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着自行车运动的普及，许多城市结合自己的旅游特色开辟了主题路线。文章
讲述了下个月即将要举行一系列活动，让市民可以尽情享受。
11．考查介词。句意：从室内展览到户外音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，下个月将推出一系列
活动，让市民可以尽情享受。固定结构：from...to...“从……到……”，结合句意，此处指从室内展览到户外
音乐会，以及沿中南轴的夜间自行车活动，表示活动种类多。故填to。
12．考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：同上。空处在句中为谓语，结合空后“next month”可知，时态为一
般将来时；句子主语“a series of activities”和动词“introduce”为动宾关系，所以此处用被动语态。故填will
be introduced。
13．考查时态。句意：“随着大众旅游的普及，只有高质量的户外旅游产品才能吸引游客，且将微型度假产
品与户外运动产品相结合，（将会）具有广阔的发展空间。”分析句子可知，空处为and后的并列句中的谓语，
结合句意，这里可以表示一般性事实，用一般现在时，也可以表示将来的情况，用一般将来时，主语是单
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002数，所以空处可以用has/will have，故填has/will have。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Bandung, one of Indonesia’s major cities, is only 150 kilometers from Jakarta, the capital, but the drive is at an
average of three hours even with a freeway 14 (connect) the two cities. Fortunately, a high-speed railway
15 (fund) by China is due to open in 2023, and the hours-long travel 16 (cut) to 40 minutes. It is
part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, and for Indonesia, the beginning of a brand new network of transportation
across the country.
【答案】14．connecting 15．funded 16．will be cut
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由中国修建的连接印尼雅加达和万隆的高铁，它是中国“一带一路”
倡议的一部分，对印度尼西亚来说，这是全国全新交通网络的开端。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：万隆是印尼的主要城市之一，距离首都雅加达只有150公里，但即使有高速
公路连接两个城市，车程也平均需要3个小时。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结
构，宾语a freeway和设空处之间为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作宾语补足语，故填connecting。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，一条由中国投资的高铁将于2023年开通。设空处在句中作非谓语，
和其逻辑主语a high-speed railway之间是逻辑的被动关系。应用动词的过去分词的形式作后置定语。故填
funded。
16．考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：长达数小时的行程将缩短至40分钟。设空处在句中作谓语，和句
子的主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 2023，可知句子的时态为一般将来时，设空处为一般将来时的
被动语态。故填will be cut。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Three astronauts stationed in China’s Tiangong space station returned in the middle of April. 17
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002(live) in space for about six months, they completed more than 20 scientific tasks and brought back samples
18 them. Besides, they also delivered two live lectures from the space station, 19 showed the
students their living and working areas. In addition to the lectures, they also demonstrated several scientific
20 (experiment) under zero-gravity conditions.
【答案】17．Living/Having lived 18．with 19．which 20．experiments
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲驻扎在中国天宫空间站的三名宇航员于4月中旬返回。
17．考查非谓语。句意：他们在太空生活了大约六个月，完成了20多项科学任务，并带回了样本。分析句
子可知，这里应填非谓语，they 和live是主动关系，再根据句意可知，这里应用现在分词一般式或者现在
分词完成式作状语。用于句首，首字母大写。故填Living/Having lived。
18．考查介词。句意：他们在太空生活了大约六个月，完成了20多项科学任务，并带回了样本。分析句子
可知，这里考查bring sth with sb表“随身携带某东西” ，为固定搭配。故填with。
19．考查定语从句。句意：此外，他们还在空间站进行了两场现场讲座，向学生展示了他们的生活和工作
区域。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子，在从句中作主语。故填which。
20．考查名词复数。句意：除了讲座，他们还演示了几项零重力条件下的科学实验。空处填名词作宾语，
experiment为可数名字且由 several可知，此空应填可数名词复数。故填experiments。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002The Southwest Museum
The collections of the Southwest Museum represent Native American cultures from Alaska to South America.
The museum contains some of the finest examples of Indian art and artifacts in the Unites States.
EXHIBITIONS
In its permanent exhibitions, the Southwest Museum presents the remarkable cultural diversity of America’s
earliest residents. The museum’s four main exhibit halls focus on the native people of the Southwest, California,
the Great Plains, and the Northwest Coast. Visitors may survey prehistoric Southwest painted earthenware, and
enjoy temporary exhibitions and exhibitions that are moved between museums.
PROGRAMS
Throughout the year the museum offers a wide range of programs including: performances, classes, lectures,
festivals, films and demonstrations by noted artists and other educational programs for members and the general
public. Guided gallery tours are offered by reservation, for student and adult groups.
MEMBERSHIP
Museum membership provides individuals and families with many chances to participate in the active and
exciting Southwest Museum community. The membership benefits include: free admission to the Museum;
invitations to exhibition openings and special events; reduced rates on programs and classes; discounts in the
Museum Store; calendars of events;members’ newsletter and subscription to the museum’s magazine, Masterkey.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002MUSEUM STORE
The museum store offers beautifully made Southwest silver jewelry, Pueblo earthenware, and kachina dolls. It
also offers folk art from Mexico and Peru. The store carries a large selection of publications on Native American
history, and on several famous Native American and Western artists. Museum members receive a 10% discount on
all in-store purchases and a 20% discount on all museum publications.
Museum Hours:
Tuesday——Sunday
11:00 a.m.to 5:00p.m.
Telephone: 213-221-2164
Museum Location:
234 Museum Drive
Los Angeles, CA 90065
21．The collections of the Southwest Museum focus on _______.
A．lifestyles of American residents
B．native cultures of the Americas
C．diversity of American festivals
D．development of American arts
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00222．What can a visitor do at the Southwest Museum?
A．Interview noted artists.
B．Try painting earthenware.
C．Appreciate traveling exhibitions.
D．Survey modern American folk art.
23．Which benefit can a museum member enjoy?
A．Free classes and programs.
B．A 10% discount on kachina dolls.
C．The priority to reserve guided tours.
D．The right to invite friends to exhibition openings.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了西南博物馆的展品，项目以及会员福利。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The collections of the Southwest Museum represent Native American cultures
from Alaska to South America.(西南博物馆的藏品代表了从阿拉斯加到南美洲的美洲土著文化)”以及第二段
中“In its permanent exhibitions, the Southwest Museum presents the remarkable cultural diversity of America’s
earliest residents.(在其常设展览中，西南博物馆展示了美国最早居民的显著文化多样性)”可知，西南博物馆
的藏品集中在美洲的本土文化。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据小标题PROGRAMS下的段落中“The museum’s four main exhibit halls focus on the
native people of the Southwest, California, the Great Plains, and the Northwest Coast. Visitors may survey
prehistoric Southwest painted earthenware, and enjoy temporary exhibitions and exhibitions that are moved
between museums.(博物馆的四个主要展厅集中于西南部、加利福尼亚州、大平原和西北海岸的原住民。游
客可以参观史前西南地区的彩绘陶器，欣赏临时展览和博物馆之间的展览。)”可知，游客在西南博物馆可以
欣赏博物馆之间的巡回展览。故选C项。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00223．细节理解题。根据小标题MUSEUM STORE下的段落中“The museum store offers beautifully made
Southwest silver jewelry, Pueblo earthenware, and kachina dolls. It also offers folk art from Mexico and Peru. The
store carries a large selection of publications on Native American history, and on several famous Native American
and Western artists. Museum members receive a 10% discount on all in-store purchases and a 20% discount on all
museum publications.(博物馆商店提供精美的西南银饰，普韦布洛陶器，和克奇纳娃娃。它还提供来自墨西
哥和秘鲁的民间艺术。这家商店有大量关于美国原住民历史的出版物，以及一些著名的美国原住民和西部
艺术家的出版物。博物馆会员在店内购物可享受9折优惠，购买所有博物馆出版物可享受8折优惠)”可知，
博物馆会员可享受卡奇纳娃娃打九折的福利。故选B项。
B
In my eyes, my mother is capable of doing anything, especially chores such as ironing and cooking. However,
teaching her how to use the Internet is as frustrating as untangling(解开) wires.
Once, my mother came to me to ask for help on how to find a recipe for all-beef Lasagna. I gave her very
simple verbal(口头的) instructions—go to the home page of a particular search engine and type in “recipe for
all-beef Lasagna.” Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable to find the Internet icon(图
标). I went over to the computer and pointed out the icon to her.
Another fifteen minutes went by when I felt a tap on my shoulder. This time, my mother said that she was
unable to search for the particular recipe. Gritting(咬) my teeth, I walked to her room again. I saw that she had
typed “all beef La saga” instead. With frustrated strokes, I keyed in the correct spelling.
Yet another fifteen minutes went by again when my mother gingerly tapped my shoulder. I stormed next door
without bothering to hide my frustration. The main page of the website had not shifted one bit. I then realised that
she did not know how to scroll down the page. What had initially seemed like an easy task was turning out to be an
intense one.
To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. Without a word, I rapidly downloaded a
few recipes, printed them out and passed them to my mother. However, seeing her embarrassment, I began to regret
my impatience during the whole process.
At that moment, memories flashed through my mind. When I was young, my mother endured my endless
questions, enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse. As my mother may
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002increasingly need my help, shouldn’t I rethink how to respond to her needs?
24．The author’s mother couldn’t find the recipe online mainly because she was ________.
A．unfamiliar with computers and the Internet
B．given unclear instructions by the author
C．too dependent on her family members
D．impatient at searching for the recipe
25．Why did the author print the recipes for his mother at last?
A．Because he was pleased to help his mother out.
B．Because he didn’t want his mother to be embarrassed.
C．Because he was fed up with his mother’s interruption.
D．Because he thought his mother favored the printed version.
26．What message does the author want to convey?
A．It is wise to teach others by examples.
B．Forgiving others is equal to blessing oneself.
C．Patience and perseverance will be finally rewarded.
D．Putting yourself in others’ shoes is the key to understanding.
【答案】24．A 25．C 26．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要描述了母亲因不熟悉电脑而屡次向我求助，而我对她却越来越没有耐心，
最后我终于意识到了自己的问题所在。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“Fifteen minutes later, she came to me, telling me that she was unable
to find the Internet icon(图标). ”（15分钟之后，她来到我身边，说她找不到电脑图标。）及第三段第二句“This
time, my mother said that she was unable to search for the particular recipe. ”（这次，母亲说她查找不到具体的
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002食谱。）可知，母亲因为不会使用电脑，所以无法找到在线食谱。故选A项。
25．细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“To avoid being disturbed again, I decided to find the recipe for her. ”（为
了避免被再次打扰，我决定帮她找到食谱。）可知，我为了不让母亲一直打扰我，所以亲自给她找到了食谱
并打印出来。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句第三句“When I was young, my mother endured my endless questions,
enlightening me with much patience. Now that I am older, the roles slowly reverse.”（当我小时候，母亲容忍了我
的许多问题，带着极大的耐心启蒙我。现在我长大了，角色慢慢颠倒了。）可知，我开始反思自己对母亲的
态度，并站在母亲的立场上考虑问题，说明了换位思考的重要性。故选D项。
C
People who think of themselves as tough-minded and realistic tend to take it for granted that human nature is
selfish and that life is a struggle in which only the fittest may survive. According to this philosophy, the basic law
by which people must live, is the law of the jungle. The “fittest” are those who can bring to the struggle superior
force, superior cunning and superior ruthlessness.
But we are entitled to ask whether the ruthlessness of the tiger, the cunning of the fox and the obedience to the
law of the jungle are, in their human applications, actually evidence of human fitness to survive. If human beings
are to pick up pointers on behavior from the lower animals, are there not animals other than beasts of prey from
which we might learn lessons in survival?
We might, for example, look to the rabbit or the deer and define fitness to survive as superior speed in running
away from our enemies. We might point to the earthworm or the mole and attribute their fitness to survive to the
ability to keep out of sight and out of the way. If we simply look to animals in order to define what we mean by
“fitness to survive”, there is no limit to the subhuman systems of behavior that we can think up. We may emulate
any animal because they have all obviously survived in one way or another. We are still entitled to ask, however, if
human survival does not revolve around a different kind of fitness from that of the lower animals.
Biologists distinguish between two kinds of struggle for survival. First, there is the interspecific struggle,
warfare between different species of animals. Second, there is the intraspecific struggle, warfare among members
of a single species. A great deal of evidence in modern biology indicates that those species that have developed
elaborate means of intraspecific competition often make themselves unfit for interspecific competition, and that
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002strength and fierceness in fighting and killing other animals, whether in interspecific or intraspecific competition,
have never been enough in themselves to guarantee the survival of a species.
If we are going to talk about human survival, one of the first things to do, even if we grant that people must
fight to live, is to distinguish between those qualities that are useful in fighting the environment and other species
and those qualities that are useful in fighting other people. There are also characteristics important to human
survival that do not involve fighting.
Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking animals.
Any theory of human survival that leaves this fact out of account is no more scientific than would be a theory of
beaver survival that failed to consider the interesting uses a beaver makes of its teeth and flat tail. Let us see what
talking means.
beaver
27．According to the passage, the “Survival of the Fittest” theory .
A．shows that the tough-minded and realistic survive
B．is often used as an excuse for one’s being selfish
C．applies better in human society than in the wild
D．is universally acknowledged among scientists
28．What does the underlined word “emulate” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Copy B．Protect. C．Trap. D．Admire.
29．According to the passage, the author is most likely to agree that .
A．humans have no superior force over other species
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002B．humans have survived because they are the fittest
C．humans don’t have to learn from animals to survive
D．humans need to fight each other for their own survival
30．What is most likely to be talked about next?
A．Ways to make humans more competitive.
B．Human’s cooperation via communication
C．Differences between beavers and humans.
D．The development of human survival skills.
【答案】27．B 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了”适者生存“理论在人类社会中与动物之间的区别。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“People who think of themselves as tough-minded and realistic tend to take it for
granted that human nature is selfish and that life is a struggle in which only the fittest may survive. According to
this philosophy, the basic law by which people must live, is the law of the jungle. The “fittest” are those who can
bring to the struggle superior force, superior cunning and superior ruthlessness.”（那些认为自己意志坚强、现实
的人往往理所当然地认为，人性是自私的，生活是一场只有适者才能生存的斗争。根据这种哲学，人们必
须遵循的基本法则是丛林法则。“适者”是那些能够在斗争中带来优越的力量、优越的狡猾和优越的残忍的人。）
可知，对于信奉“适者生存”理论的人而言，他们往往认为人性是自私的，生活是一场只有适者才能生存的斗
争。可推知，这些人会把这个理论作为自己自私的借口。故选B。
28．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“If we simply look to animals in order to define what we mean by “fitness to
survive”, there is no limit to the subhuman systems of behavior that we can think up. ”（如果我们只是看动物来
定义我们所说的“适者生存”，那么我们可以想出的非人类的行为系统是没有限制的。）可知，我们不应只是
看动物来定义“适者生存”。划线词后内容“because they have all obviously survived in one way or another. ”（因
为它们显然都以这样或那样的方式幸存了下来。）可知，动物们以自己的方式生存下来证实了适者生存的道
理，所以我们应该不仅只是看动物来定义“适者生存”，而且要模仿它们，让自己生存下来。由此可知，划线
词所在句指“我们会模仿动物来让自己生存下来”，所以划线词的含义为“模仿”，故选A。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00229．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“We are still entitled to ask, however, if human survival does not revolve
around a different kind of fitness from that of the lower animals.”（然而，我们仍然有权问，人类的生存是否围
绕着一种不同于低等动物的适应性。）和倒数第二段“If we are going to talk about human survival, one of the
first things to do, even if we grant that people must fight to live, is to distinguish between those qualities that are
useful in fighting the environment and other species and those qualities that are useful in fighting other people.
There are also characteristics important to human survival that do not involve fighting.”（如果我们要谈论人类的
生存，首先要做的事情之一，即使我们承认人类必须为生存而战，就是区分那些有助于对抗环境和其他物
种的品质，和那些有助于对抗其他人的品质。还有一些对人类生存非常重要的特征不涉及战斗。）和最后一
段前两句“Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking
animals. ”（合作对于大多数生物的生存是必不可少的，而人类是会说话的动物。）可知，作者认为，人类的
生存不同于其他物种之间的生存的适应性，因为人类能区分那些有助于对抗环境和其他物种的品质，和那
些有助于对抗其他人的品质。还有一些对人类生存非常重要的特征并不涉及战斗，此外人类是会说话的动
物。即人类不必向动物学习才能生存，故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human
beings are the talking animals. Any theory of human survival that leaves this fact out of account is no more
scientific than would be a theory of beaver survival that failed to consider the interesting uses a beaver makes of its
teeth and flat tail. Let us see what talking means.”（合作对大多数生物的生存至关重要。人类是会说话的动物。
任何不考虑这一事实的人类生存理论都不会比海狸生存理论更科学，因为后者没有考虑到海狸利用牙齿和
扁尾巴的有趣用途。让我们看看说话是什么意思。）可知，本段结尾提到了人类会通过沟通获得合作，因此
接下来可能谈论的是人们如何通过沟通来实现合作。故选B。
D
It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt (提示词) into one of several apps on the market that
can create an image based on text. “Skull space laser dinosaur starship explosion,” I wrote. The app processed for a
few seconds, and returned four images, one of which was strangely accurate: a dinosaur-looking skull screamed out
of an empty space, trailing fire. It looked like an illustration from the art magazine, and perhaps art from the
magazine influenced its creation.
Text-to-image AIs identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures
online. When the app got my prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur” or laser and
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002soon then used what is called a diffusion model (扩散模型) to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures. Once
they were suitably completed, it “upscaled” them, removing noise and sharpening focus. Its work is so good that an
artist using it recently won first place for digital images at the Colorado State Fair.
But there are major ethical (道德的) issues raised by the success of such AIs. The biggest has to do with those
training data sets. Reporters recently discovered that the data set used by Text-to-image AIs contained images of
violence. Some companies are working on ways to prevent the public from seeing images based on offensive and
illegal pictures in the data set. A representative of the companies also noted that the images in its data set are
“already available in the public internet on publicly available websites”.
But even if this problem is fixed there is still the question of all the other pictures online that are being
transformed into AI-generated masterpieces. As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without
payment. The image-generating algorithm (算法) creates illustrations and even movies by using data sets stocked
with art stolen from artists who post their works online.
Some AI researchers argue that their algorithms aren’t stealing from artists so much as learning from them just
as human artists learn from each other. But a more ethical approach would be for companies to acknowledge their
debt to artists and create a model of voluntary collective licensing, much like what radio stations first did in radio’s
early days. Back then, musicians created groups like BMI to collectively license their music to radio stations —
then BMI would pay artists based on how often their songs were played. Perhaps artists and art institutions today
could form a “collecting society” that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets.
To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work makes those systems so magical.
We can’t simply snarf up every image online — we need humans to manage those data sets and we need to pay
them to do it.
31．What can we learn about Text-to-image AIs from the first two paragraphs?
A．They are developed to process pictures.
B．They are used to describe online pictures.
C．They use a diffusion model to combine pictures.
D．They create their works based on online pictures.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00232．One of the issues raised by the success of Text-to-image AIs is ______.
A．the influence upon art creation. B．the availability of online pictures.
C．the neglect of the artists’ copyright. D．the prospect of artists being replaced.
33．Why did the author mention BMI in Paragraph 5?
A．To introduce the role that BMI played in AI history.
B．To present a way to regulate the use of online pictures.
C．To prove the necessity of licensing music to radio stations.
D．To demonstrate the urgency of forming a collecting society.
34．What can we infer from the passage?
A．It is not practical to improve the image-generating algorithm.
B．The function of Text-to-image AIs shouldn’t be underestimated.
C．Human efforts should be valued in the application of Text-to-image AIs.
D．Companies should be held responsible for the illegal pictures on public websites.
【答案】31．D 32．C 33．B 34．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文本到图像AI可以基于文本创建图像，但也由此带来了许多道德问题，文章对
这些问题的解决提出了方法和建议。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“It all started when I typed a perfectly reasonable prompt (提示词) into one
of several apps on the market that can create an image based on text. (这一切都是从我在市面上几个可以基于文
本创建图像的应用程序之一中键入一个非常合理的提示开始的。)”和第二段前两句“Text-to-image AIs
identify images by looking at the text that people have used to describe those pictures online. When the app got my
prompt, it studied images that random people had described as “dinosaur” or laser and soon then used what is
called a diffusion model (扩散模型) to add a bunch of random chaos to those pictures. (文本到图像AI通过查看
人们用来在线描述这些图片的文本来识别图像。当应用程序收到我的提示时，它研究了随机人描述为“恐龙”
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002或激光的图像，然后很快使用所谓的扩散模型为这些图像添加了一堆随机的混乱。)”可知，文本到图像AI
根据在线图片创作作品。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“As many artists have pointed out, their works are being used without
payment.(正如许多艺术家所指出的，他们的作品被免费使用。)”可知，文本到图像AI的成功带来的问题之
一是对艺术家版权的忽视。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Perhaps artists and art institutions today could form a “collecting
society” that would allow companies to license their artwork for data sets. (也许今天的艺术家和艺术机构可以组
建一个“收藏协会”，允许公司对其艺术品进行数据集许可。)”可知，作者在第5段中提到BMI是为了提出
一种规范网络图片使用的方法。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To create ethical AI systems, we need to acknowledge the people whose work
makes those systems so magical. We can’t simply snarf up every image online — we need humans to manage those
data sets and we need to pay them to do it. (为了创造合乎道德的人工智能系统，我们需要承认那些让这些系统
如此神奇的人。我们不能简单地在网上抓取每一张图片，我们需要人类来管理这些数据集，我们需要支付
他们的费用。)”可知，在文本到图像AI的运用中，应重视人类的努力。故选C。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2分，共 10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Science of Recreational Fear
From peek-a-boo to Halloween haunted houses, research shows that recreational fear can teach us to face
scary situations. The “paradox of horror” is that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. 35
Having fun with fear is an “extremely important tool for learning,” said Mathias Clasen, director of the
Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark. “We learn something about the dangers of the world. We
learn something about our own responses: What does it feel like to be afraid? How much fear can I take?”
Horror movies have gotten more popular. And in one survey of more than 1,000 Americans, conducted by
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002Clasen, 55% described themselves as horror fans. 36 Many people who would not consider themselves
fans of fear enjoy true-crime podcasts and novels featuring violence and murder. Others may enjoy nature
documentaries about top predators (捕食性动物) such as sharks and bears.
Even babies like being a little spooked (惊的). Peek-a-boo is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. 37
“I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.
38 It is a combination of an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an opportunity to learn about dealing
with scary situations in a safe environment, researchers say. When we are afraid, our endocrine system releases
adrenaline, noradrenaline and cortisol to help prepare our body for physical action. We know the “Halloween”
movie Michael Myers is not real, but our brain still responds as if he were a burning threat. One brain imaging
study found that watching horror movies activates threat-response brain regions such as the amygdala (扁桃腺),
prefrontal cortex and insula as if the danger were real.
After this rush, many people experience an uplifted mood. One study examined how 262 adults felt before and
after they entered an extreme haunted house. 39 Brain recordings before and after showed that those
whose mood improved had a smaller neural response to subsequent stressors, which is associated with the
post-haunt high.
A．So why do we like it?
B．Fifty percent of people said they felt better after the visit.
C．And recreational fear, as it is rightly named, could benefit us, too.
D．Playing with fear helps us learn what our body does under pressure.
E．Horror, though, is not the only genre of what people find scary fun, he said.
F．We define recreational fear broadly as a mixed emotional experience of fear and enjoyment.
G．Classic childhood games of tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes of predator vs. prey.
【答案】35．C 36．E 37．G 38．A 39．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章谈论了娱乐恐惧的科学。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00235．根据上文“research shows that recreational fear can teach us to face scary situations. The “paradox of horror” is
that being scared, under the right circumstances, can be fun. ”（研究表明娱乐恐惧可以教会我们面对可怕的情
况。“恐怖悖论”是，在适当的情况下，害怕可能是件有趣的事）提出“恐怖悖论”在适当的情况下，害怕可能
是件有趣的事。因而空处应承接前文，讲述娱乐恐惧也是有好处的。选项C. “And recreational fear, as it is
rightly named, could benefit us, too”（而娱乐性的恐惧，正如它的名字一样，也可以使我们受益）切题。故选
C。
36．根据上文“And in one survey of more than 1,000 Americans, conducted by Clasen, 55% described themselves
as horror fans. ”（在克拉森对1000多名美国人进行的一项调查中，55% 的人称自己是恐怖片迷。）讲述了克
拉森的一项调查的结果，下文“Many people who would not consider themselves fans of fear enjoy true-crime
podcasts and novels featuring violence and murder. Others may enjoy nature documentaries about top predators (捕
食性动物) such as sharks and bears.”（许多不认为自己是恐惧迷的人喜欢真实犯罪的播客和以暴力和谋杀为
主题的小说。其他人可能喜欢关于顶级掠食者如鲨鱼和熊的自然纪录片）提到了其他人的喜欢类型，所以
空处应承接上文，讲述结果发现，喜欢恐怖并不是唯一的一种类型。选项E.“Horror, though, is not the only
genre of what people find scary fun, he said.”（然而，他说，恐怖并不是人们觉得恐怖有趣的唯一类型）切题。
故选E。
37．上文“Even babies like being a little spooked (惊的). Peek-a-boo is “an infant jump scare,” Clasen said. ”（即
使是婴儿也喜欢被吓到，躲猫猫是“一种婴儿的跳跃恐惧”，Clasen 说）下文““I don’t think I’ve yet come
across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational fear,” he said.”（“我想我还没有遇到过一个人不喜
欢某种娱乐性的恐惧,”他说）所以空处应其承上启下的作用，讲述“捉迷藏”游戏也有着恐惧的因素。选项
G.“Classic childhood games of tag and hide-and-seek are just like the real scenes of predator vs. prey.”（经典的儿
童捉迷藏游戏就像捕食者与猎物的真实场景。）切题。故选G。
38．结合前一段的末句““I don’t think I’ve yet come across a person who did not enjoy some kind of recreational
fear,” he said.”（“我想我还没有遇到过一个人不喜欢某种娱乐性的恐惧,”他说）说明人们都喜欢娱乐性的恐
惧。下文“It is a combination of an adrenaline (肾上腺素) rush and an opportunity to learn about dealing with
scary situations in a safe environment, researchers say.”（研究人员说，这是肾上腺素激增和学习如何在安全环
境中处理可怕情况的机会的结合）解释了人们喜欢娱乐性恐惧的原因。因而空处应承接前文，讲述为什么
人们会喜欢的问题。选项A.“So why do we like it?”（那我们为什么喜欢它？）切题。故选A。
39．根据上文“One study examined how 262 adults felt before and after they entered an extreme haunted house. ”
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002（一项研究调查了262名成年人在进入一个极度闹鬼的房子前后的感受）空处应承接前文，讲述调查的结
果。选项B.“Fifty percent of people said they felt better after the visit.”（百分之五十的人说他们在参观后感觉好
多了）切题。故选B。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共 4 小题;第 40、41题各 2分，第 42题 3分，第 43题 5分，共 12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The Grand Canal is a vast waterway system in China, running from Beijing in the north to Zhejiang province
in the south. It stretches for nearly 3,200 kilometers and passes through eight of the country’s provinces and
municipalities.
Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, the canal is the longest and oldest artificial river in the world. It has
played an important role in ensuring China’s economic prosperity and stability, and is in use today as a major
means of transportation.
The Beijing section of the Grand Canal is 82 km long. Along it, cultural relics and sites on both banks are
important symbols of culture and are considered a top priority for protection by the local government.
The city government has unveiled two development plans: the first is an implementation plan for the
protection, inheritance and utilization of the canal’s cultural values; the second is a construction plan for building a
Grand Canal-themed national cultural park.
The plan sets up three implementation milestones in the next five years. In 2020, efforts have been made to lay
a firm foundation for the construction of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park, with the Tongzhou section of the
canal open to navigation and a management mechanism of the park established. By 2023, significant progress is
expected to be made in coordinating the protection and utilization of cultural resources along the canal, with the
national cultural park basically set up. By 2025, the park will become a new cultural landmark in Beijing. The
Grand Canal, with its cultural resources put under protection and ecological conservation along its banks
significantly improved, will embrace improved cultural and tourism development. Cities along the canal by then
will welcome further coordinated or integrated development.
The Beijing section of the Grand Canal, a valued asset for the capital, is marked out as a river boasting rich
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002cultural resources, ecological value, social benefits and economic potential. The capital is set to roll out more
measures to bring out the best in the canal.
40．According to the passage, what roles has the Grand Canal played?
41．What does the Beijing government consider a top priority for protection along the Grand Canal?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
With its protected cultural resources and improved ecological conservation along its banks, the Grand
Canal will embrace improved cultural and industrial development.
43．There are many UNESCO World Heritage sites in China. What can we do to protect them?(In about 40 words)
【答案】40．The Grand Canal has played an important role in ensuring China’s economic prosperity and stability.
41．Cultural relics and sites on both banks are considered a top priority for protection by the local government.
42．The part “the Grand Canal will embrace improved cultural and industrial development.” is wrong. According
to the content of the development plan, The Grand Canal, with its cultural resources put under protection and
ecological conservation along its banks significantly improved, will embrace improved cultural and tourism
development.
43．To protect UNESCO World Heritage sites , we can not only use the news media to arouse people’s awareness
of preservation but also enforce laws to intensify the protection. Besides, the school should implant the education of
protecting cultural heritages.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了京杭大运河在国内外的重要地位以及北京政府对于京杭大运河北京
段未来的两个发展计划。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00240．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“It has played an important role in ensuring China’s economic prosperity and
stability, and is in use today as a major means of transportation.（它在确保中国经济繁荣稳定方面起到了重要
的作用并在今天被用作主要的交通手段。）”可知，京杭大运河在确保中国经济繁荣稳定方面起到了重要的
作用，故答案为The Grand Canal has played an important role in ensuring China’s economic prosperity and
stability.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Along it, cultural relics and sites on both banks are important symbols of
culture and are considered a top priority for protection by the local government.（沿河两岸的文物和遗迹是文化
重要的标志并且被当地政府视为保护的重中之重。）”可知，当地政府视为保护的重中之重的部分是京杭大
运河两岸的文物和遗迹，故答案为Cultural relics and sites on both banks are considered a top priority for
protection by the local government.
42．考查推理判断。根据第五段“The Grand Canal, with its cultural resources put under protection and
ecological conservation along its banks significantly improved, will embrace improved cultural and tourism
development.（随着沿河两岸的文化资源保护和生态保护有了显著的改善，京杭大运河将会拥有文化和旅游
业发展的改善。）”可知，京杭大运河将会拥有文化和旅游业的改善，推断出划线部分中工业得到改善是错
误的。故答案为The part “the Grand Canal will embrace improved cultural and industrial development.” is wrong.
According to the content of the development plan, The Grand Canal, with its cultural resources put under protection
and ecological conservation along its banks significantly improved, will embrace improved cultural and tourism
development.
43．开放性试题。题目要求写出对于世界文化遗产的保护措施，可以从利用媒体唤起人们的保护意识，利
用法律约束和学校教育三个方面入手，故答案为To protect UNESCO World Heritage sites , we can not only
use the news media to arouse people’s awareness of preservation but also enforce laws to intensify the protection.
Besides, the school should implant the education of protecting cultural heritages.
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。市青年联合会面向全球发起“青春之歌”主题原创诗歌征集活动。请你用英
文给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍活动；
2.邀请参与。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002参考词汇：青年联合会Youth Federation
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim
I am writing to invite you to participate in an original English poetry contest, the theme of which is “Song of
Youth”.
This event was initiated by the Youth Federation to solicit poems from students all over the world. Poems can be
about youthful friendship, love or confusion and must be written in English. Not only can you describe your life in
the poems, but also you can express your opinions on these topics. The content of the poems must be healthy and
positive. The works should be submitted as a document and sent to literature@163.com. Every student is welcome
to take part in this activity as long as you are interested in English poetry.
Look forward to your participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是一篇应用文写作。要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加以“青春之歌”为主
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002题的原创诗歌征集活动。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
参加：participate in→take part in
比赛：contest→competition
表达：express→voice
主题：topic→theme
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：This event was initiated by the Youth Federation to solicit poems from students all over the world.
拓展句：This event was initiated by the Youth Federation, which is to solicit poems from students all over the
world.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Not only can you describe your life in the poems, but also you can express your opinions on
these topics.(not only引导的倒装句)
[高分句型2]Every student is welcome to take part in this activity as long as you are interested in English
poetry.(as long as引导的状语从句)
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002
