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【赢在高考·黄金 8 卷】备战 2024 年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）
黄金卷 07
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，
用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项
涂黑。
As a biologist and photographer, I always take my camera everywhere to take pictures of wild animals. One
day, I was standing on a boat when a very large female leopard seal(海豹) swam by. I put on my diving equipment
and grabbed my 1 . I was frightened because she was so big. My mouth was dry, and I couldn’t even
2 . But I knew it was time to 3 this mysterious creature.
I jumped into the freezing water. Immediately, the seal swam towards me. Then she put my entire camera and
much of my head into her mouth. Thinking this must be a sign of 4 , I decided to stay very calm.
Although the seal was showing me her teeth, I tried not to 5 any fear. She did it a few more times, and
then swam away. To my 6 , she came back with a live penguin. And she even showed me how to eat it.
Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera was my mouth!
Being a biologist, I understood that she was trying to 7 me. But I thought that she was really trying
to communicate with me. At this point, she didn’t seem very 8 . She stayed by me and took care of me for
four days.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002I got many amazing pictures during those four days. And, more importantly, I’ve learned that animals do not
always behave the way we 9 . I believe the 10 experience I had with this powerful and
intelligent animal will stay with me forever.
1．A．knife B．bag C．camera D．gun
2．A．escape B．make C．move D．fight
3．A．approach B．adopt C．imagine D．rescue
4．A．respect B．sympathy C．reward D．threat
5．A．confirm B．expose C．overcome D．reduce
6．A．satisfaction B．regret C．surprise D．sorrow
7．A．feed B．comfort C．attack D．assess
8．A．reliable B．dangerous C．sensitive D．ambitious
9．A．admire B．promise C．demand D．expect
10．A．confusing B．similar C．incredible D．bitter
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者拍摄海豹的经历及感悟。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿上了潜水设备，拿起了照相机。A. knife刀；B. bag包；C. camera照相
机；D. gun枪。根据后文的 “Then she put my entire camera and much of my head into her mouth.”可知，海豹
把我的头和相机放在了他的嘴里，所以我是带着相机潜水的。故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的嘴唇发干，甚至都无法动弹的了。A. escape逃跑；B. make制作；C.
move移动；D. fight斗争。根据前文的“I was frightened”可知，我看见海豹后十分害怕，一动不动地待在那
里。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我知道，这是接近这个神秘生物的好时候。。A. approach接近；B.
adopt采取；C. imagine想象；D. rescue营救。根据后文的“I jumped into the freezing water.”可知，我决定跳
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002入水里，近距离观察海豹，所以此处是接近这个海豹。故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为这一定是威胁的信号，所以决定保持冷静。A. respect尊重；B.
sympathy同情；C. reward回报；D. threat威胁；恐吓。根据前文的“Then she put my entire camera and much
of my head into her mouth.”可知，海豹看到人类后，采取了威胁恐吓人类的做法。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管海豹向我展示它的牙齿，但我尽力不显露出任何害怕。A. confirm确认；
B. expose暴露；C. overcome克服；D. reduce减少。根据前文的“I decided to stay very calm.”可知，尽管海豹
在威胁我，但我还是尽力保持冷静，不露出害怕的神情。故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：使我惊讶的是，它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了。A. satisfaction满足；B.
regret后悔；C. surprise惊讶；D. sorrow悲伤。根据后文的“she came back with a live penguin.”可知，我没有
想到海豹会去而复返，还带着一只企鹅，所以当它叼着一只活着的企鹅又回来了，我很惊讶。故选C项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名生物学家，我理解海豹尝试用企鹅喂我吃。A. feed喂养；B.
comfort安慰；C. attack攻击；D. assess评估。根据前文的“Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she
thought the camera was my mouth!”可知，海豹把照相机当成了我的嘴，把企鹅推到了我的“嘴边”，说明海豹
是在喂养我，想让我吃了企鹅。故选A项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危险了。A. reliable可靠的；B. dangerous
危险的；C. sensitive多愁善感的；D. ambitious野心勃勃的。根据后文“She stayed by me and took care of me
for four days.”可知，从那一刻开始，海豹开始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故选B项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，我得知动物的行为并不总是我们预期的那样。A. admire钦佩；
B. promise承诺；C. demand要求；D. expect预期，期待；认为。根据前文“Then she put my entire camera
and much of my head into her mouth.”及“Then she pushed the penguin into my camera—she thought the camera
was my mouth!”可知，海豹的行为前后发生了很大的变化，一开始威胁我，后来信任了我，给我分享食物吃。
说明海豹并不是像人们认为的那样可怕危险。故选D项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我相信与这只强大聪慧的动物在一起的不可思议的体验将伴随我终生。
A. confusing令人困惑的；B. similar相似的；C. incredible难以置信的；惊人的；不可思议的；D. bitter痛苦
的。根据前文“She stayed by me and took care of me for four days.”及“I got many amazing pictures during those
four days. ”可知，我与海豹在一起的经历是非常美妙的，不可思议的。故选C项。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Gratitude is more than just saying “thank you”. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something.
Expressing gratitude makes us feel a positive emotion. Over the past thirty years, there 11 (be) many
studies showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person offers us an opportunity 12 (escape) from
negative emotions. Even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, the act of completing the exercise alone makes
us happier and 13 (satisfied) with life. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel.
【答案】11．have been 12．to escape 13．more satisfied
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究发现：感恩不仅仅是给人道一声“谢谢”，感恩是对某人或某事的更深层次
的欣赏，同时也对我们的健康有好处，尤其是以写感谢信来表达感恩的这个方式，能使我们逃离负面情绪
的影响。
11．考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离
负面情绪的机会。根据时间状语Over the past thirty years，句子谓语用现在完成时态，此处为there be结构，
主语为many studies，为复数，故助动词用have。故填have been。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一
个逃离负面情绪的机会。此处考查名词opportunity，后接动词不定式作后置定语，故填to escape。
13．考查形容词比较等级。句意：即使我们不与任何人分享我们写的内容，完成练习的行为本身就会让我
们更快乐、对生活更满意。设空处与形容词happier并列，也用比较等级，作us的宾补，故填more
satisfied。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
According to China Daily, the summer of 2022 became the hottest since China’s meteorological (气象学的)
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002records 14 (begin). The weather forecast reported that the high temperature in some areas could reach
40℃, 15 (possible) breaking records. 16 (affect) by the high temperatures, some areas
experienced drought and a decrease in agricultural production. People and governments should be prepared to do
more to tackle climate change.
【答案】14．began 15．possibly 16．Affected
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最
热的夏天。
14．考查时态。句意：据《中国日报》报道，2022年夏天成为中国有气象记录以来最热的夏天。since引导
的时间状语从句中时态用一般过去时，因此空格处用过去式began，故填began。
15．考查副词。句意：天气预报说，一些地区的高温可能达到40℃，可能会打破纪录。空格处用副词修饰
动词breaking，possible的副词是possibly，意为“可能”，故填possibly。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：受高温影响，一些地区出现干旱，农业减产。句中谓语是experienced，空格
处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Affected。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is not always true. Eustress(积极压力)is the positive term for
stress. It 17 (relate) to well-being and positive attitudes. Eustress occurs when the gap between what one
has and what one wants is 18 (slight) pushed. Eustress creates a better environment for people, which
19 (make) them perform better and cost less. Therefore, Eustress is necessary 20 achievement.
【答案】17．is related 18．slightly 19．makes 20．for
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是积极压力的重要性。
17．考查动词。句意：它与幸福和积极的态度有关。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事
实，故使用一般现在时。句中be related to为固定短语，意为“与……有关”。故填is related。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00218．考查副词。句意：当一个人所拥有的和想要的之间的差距被略微拉大时，就会出现“良性压力”。分析句
子，设空处使用slight的副词slightly作状语，意为“稍微地”。故填slightly。
19．考查动词。句意：良性压力为人们创造了一个更好的环境，使他们表现得更好，成本更低。分析句子，
设空处使用动词作which引导定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。which指代前
文的environment，为单数。故填makes。
20．考查介词。句意：因此，积极压力对于取得成就是必要的。句中be necessary for为固定短语，意为
“对……是有必要的”。故填for。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
One of the best ways to improve our communities is through volunteer work. According to a report from
United Nations Volunteers, it is estimated that 140 million people volunteer in every nation and in a variety of
settings. Forbes reports that research has shown that volunteering can greatly benefit volunteers. These benefits
include an increased sense of productivity, the development of new skills, resume-building experience, improved
physical health, and the emotional rewards that come with others appreciating you and your efforts. Here are some
types for you to join in local communities.
Sports volunteering
You don’t need to be good at the sport in which you wish to volunteer. Some of the most important
characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. Your sports organisation should put you through any qualifications
that you need to carry out your role. Most people volunteer on average two or three hours a week, but there are also
opportunities to volunteer more or less often.
Support the Red Cross
Red Cross is an organization that helps with disaster relief, blood donations, and more. Being a Red Cross
volunteer provides experience in the medical field and allows you to help those in need. The Red Cross responds to
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002disasters nationwide and helps communities recover. It may be difficult to see damaged communities, but you
could have a part in assisting them to recover. In addition, you may meet new friends along the way.
Organize a Summer Reading Program
Summer reading programs are one way to keep children’s reading skills active and their mind fresh during the
whole summer vacation. Organizing a summer reading program is an excellent way to get kids to read a book,
broaden their vocabulary, and learn something new. You can share your favorite books, offer prizes to children
who meet their goals, and turn the program into a friendly competition, all while teaching children the importance
of reading.
21．What requirements do you need to meet if you want to volunteer for sports?
A．Be fond of sports. B．Follow the fixed schedule.
C．Have past the qualification tests. D．Be good at various kinds of sports.
22．The summer reading program can help kids to .
A．share their favorite books
B．organize book reading competitions
C．review what they have learned in school
D．enrich their reading experience in summer
23．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To help manage the local community.
B．To introduce the communities in need.
C．To introduce different volunteer programs.
D．To show the benefits of doing volunteer work.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。
21．细节理解题。根据“Sports volunteering”部分中“You don’t need to be good at the sport in which you wish to
volunteer. Some of the most important characteristics include enthusiasm and interest. (你不需要擅长你想做志愿
者的运动。一些最重要的特征包括热情和兴趣。)”可知，如果你想成为体育志愿者，一些最重要的特征包括
对运动充满热情和兴趣。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据Organize a Summer Reading Program部分中“Organizing a summer reading program is
an excellent way to get kids to read a book, broaden their vocabulary, and learn something new.(组织一个暑期阅
读项目是让孩子们读书、扩大词汇量、学习新东西的好方法。)”可知，组织一个暑期阅读项目能够丰富他们
的夏季阅读体验。故选D。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，向读者推荐了在当地社区中几个适合加入的志愿者活动类型。文章的目的是
介绍不同的志愿者项目。故选C。
B
Influenced by her family, Xu started to learn the craft of making Chinese knots at home, but didn’t expect the
pastime to change her life at first. Xu became a city-level inheritor of this provincial-level intangible cultural
heritage in 2009, and has been devoted to developing the craft since then.
As a fan of photography, she often took photos of dragonflies, butterflies and flowers around a lake not far
from her home, then she made knots resembling them, and posted the photos on a website. That attracted the
attention of some people.
As an advertising design major, she makes innovated knots based on her knowledge of design, and can use
various threads to make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series of works based on traditional Chinese
culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.
“Showing Chinese culture through traditional Chinese crafts—that is the original aspiration for me as an
inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage,” says Xu. She has made more than 3,000 designs, and even opened two
offline branch stores. Her products include decorations of different sizes that can be put on walls, car ornaments,
cellphone chains and jewelry. “I believe our intangible cultural heritage can be better developed and passed down
when it meets people’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002Chen, an online follower, has been teaching how to make knots in the United Arab Emirates. “Influenced by
Xu’s work, I learn the craft to cultivate my temperament, and I also teach children to better understand Chinese
culture,” says Chen. “Chinese culture is popular in the UAE, and I often make some knots with Chinese elements
for local people as gifts.”
Xu has also been generous in helping others. She taught this art to workers who lost their jobs in her
hometown, allowing them to master a skill from which they could earn an income. Students and people with
disabilities were also beneficiaries. Indeed, more than 20 people with disabilities now actually work for her.
Despite the success of her career, Xu says working on the craft has benefited her more in a spiritual way.
“Tying knots requires concentration, and you must not be distracted during the process. It has trained me to deal
with matters in a calm, peaceful and rational way,” says Xu. “I believe the life of one person is short, and you have
the right to decide how to spend it.”
24．With the knowledge of design, Xu can ________.
A．post plenty of attractive photos on the website
B．draw the Peking Opera characters more vividly
C．make many creative knots related to Chinese culture
D．take many professional photos of animals and flowers
25．What can we learn about Xu?
A．She plans to open more offline branch stores abroad.
B．She designs products with a focus on people’s everyday needs.
C．She is well-known for teaching how to make knots in the UAE.
D．She wants to help disabled students improve their concentration.
26．According to the passage, which of the following words can best describe Xu?
A．Honest and easy-going. B．Modest and strong-willed.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002C．Humorous and hard-working. D．Innovative and kind-hearted.
27．Which would be the best title for this passage?
A．Traditional Chinese Crafts Go Global
B．Chinese Knot-making, a Skill Not to be Ignored
C．Traditional Chinese Culture Becomes Fashionable
D．Chinese Knot-making, a Chance for the Unemployed
【答案】24．C 25．B 26．D 27．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了从小受家庭影响的徐，在家制作中国结，并根据自己拍摄的照片编
制中国结获得大众喜爱，同时利用自己的广告设计专业优势进行创新，弘扬中国传统文化，成为非物质文
化遗产继承人，帮助同乡的故事。
24．细节理解题。由文章第三段“As an advertising design major, she makes innovated knots based on her
knowledge of design, and can use various threads to make small, exquisite designs. She has created many series of
works based on traditional Chinese culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（作为一名广告设
计专业的学生，她根据自己的设计知识，制作了创新的结，并能利用各种线制作出精美的小图案。她创作
了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐利用设计知识可以制作和中国传统文
化相关的创意中国结。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。由文章第四段后两句“Her products include decorations of different sizes that can be put on
walls, car ornaments, cellphone chains and jewelry. “I believe our intangible cultural heritage can be better
developed and passed down when it meets people’s needs in daily life,” says Xu.”（她的产品包括可以挂在墙上
的不同大小的装饰品、汽车装饰品、手机链和珠宝。他说：“我相信，非物质文化遗产在满足人们日常生活
需要的时候，才能得到更好的发展和传承。”）可知，她设计产品的重点是人们的日常需求。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。由文章第三段最后一句“She has created many series of works based on traditional Chinese
culture, such as festivals, tea and Peking Opera characters.”（她创作了许多基于中国传统文化的作品，如节日、
茶和京剧人物。）可知，徐是一个有创造力的人。由文章倒数第二段的首句“Xu has also been generous in
helping others.”（徐一直慷慨地帮助他人。）可知，徐是一位热心的人。故选D项。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00227．主旨大意题。文章讲述徐先生因为中国结去的事业上的成就，，中国结在阿联酋得到欢迎，以及徐先生
教授一些弱势群体通过中国结过得收入。可以推知本篇文章主要突显中国结这项技艺十分重要，应该得以
继续传承。结合选项。B选项：中国结制作，一项不容忽视的技能。符合文章的总结概括。故选B。
C
There are hundreds of bacterial(细菌的)species in our stomach. Bacterial diversity is a good thing, a general
contributor to and marker of good health. But what does a healthy stomach look like? Studies indicate that the
composition varies by many factors.
One of the most important, it turns out, is who you currently live with. Researchers have come to the
conclusion: Diet and heritability(遗传力) are known to affect the microbiome(微生物组), but social relationships
shape it most—especially when it comes to marriage. The Dutch Project, which studied microbes in 8, 208
individuals belonging to three generations, finds that the heritability of microbes is only 1. 9 percent. They noticed
much greater similarity among the unrelated individuals sharing a household than among relatives who do not share
households, including twins whose living situations differ in adulthood.
The researchers found that nearly 50 percent of microbial types were significantly affected by cohabitation. In
general, the microbiomes of all types of cohabitors (including parents and children) were more similar than those of
participants living separately no matter their relatedness. Married couples who report having a close, loving
relationship have the most similarity. Evidence of microbial sharing, especially of rare species, shows exchanges
through interactions. And that puts highlight on acts of close relationship—including kissing. Scientists have
known for decades that social relationships, especially marriage, powerfully affect health. Not only are the
microbiomes of cohabiting couples more similar to each other; they also are more similarly diverse. There is a
greater richness of species than in unmarried, noncohabiting individuals.
Despite the dominating influence of a close, cohabiting relationship, the microbiome can be different in diet,
especially one rich in plant fiber. It can also be influenced by behavior, such as farming and gardening and exercise.
Moreover, it’s adaptable to environment—green space and pollutants around you. Living in a rural environment
brings increases in bacteria linked to health, and decreases in bacteria that are harmful. Living with pets also has a
positive effect on the microbiome, while exposure to air pollution, especially car exhaust, and passive exposure to
cigarette smoke have negative effects.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002It can also be affected by direct addition of specific species of bacteria, delivered in consumable probiotics(口
服益生菌). There are probiotics now marketed for digestive health, others aimed at immune health, and still others
for boosting mood. Now that it’s clear that social relations play the largest role in the makeup of the microbiome,
can probiotics for singles be far behind?
28．Which group has the most similar microbiomes?
A．Husband and wife. B．Adult twins.
C．Grandfather and grandson. D．Colleagues.
29．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Diet has a dominating influence on microbiomes.
B．Cohabitation is helpful for us to have a balanced diet.
C．Social relations play a similar role as some probiotics.
D．The microbiomes in couples are less diverse than singles.
30．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Who Are the Healthiest People? B．How Does Social Life Affect Our Health?
C．What Will a Healthy Stomach Look Like? D．How Do Microbiomes Work in Our Body?
【答案】28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】文章是一篇说明文，介绍了一个健康的胃的组成有很多不同的因素。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers have come to the conclusion: Diet and heritability(遗传力) are
known to affect the microbiome(微生物组), but social relationships shape it most—especially when it comes to
marriage. ”（研究人员得出结论：饮食遗传力已知会影响微生物群，但社会关系影响最大，尤其是婚姻关系。）
以及“They noticed much greater similarity among the unrelated individuals sharing a household than among
relatives who do not share households, including twins whose living situations differ in adulthood.”（他们注意到，
同住一个家庭的无血缘关系的个体之间的相似性比不同住一个家庭之间的无血缘关系的亲属之间的相似性
要大得多）可知，丈夫和妻子的关系会具有相似的微生物群。故选A项。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00229．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now that it’s clear that social relations play the largest role in the makeup of the
microbiome, can probiotics for singles be far behind?”（既然社会关系在微生物的构成中起着重大的作用，那
么单身者们的益生菌还会远吗？）可知，社会关系和一些益生菌都在微生物的构成中起着重要作用，由此
可推知，社会关系和一些益生菌有着相似的作用。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的“One of the most important, it turns out, is who you currently live with (事
实证明，最重要的一个因素是你现在和谁住在一起) ”和第三段“The researchers found that nearly 50 percent of
microbial types were significantly affected by cohabitation (研究人员发现，近50%的微生物种类受到同居的显
著影响)”以及最后一段的“Now that it’s clear that social relations play the largest role in the makeup of the
microbiome, can probiotics for singles be far behind?(既然社会关系在微生物群的组成中起着最大的作用，那么
为单身人士提供益生菌还会远吗?)”可知本文主要讲述了一个健康的胃的组成是有很多不同的因素，其中最
重要的因素是社会关系，文章分析了社交关系对我们的胃的影响，因此社交因素影响了我们的健康。B.How
Does Socia1 Life Affect Our Health? (社交生活如何影响我们的健康? )最适合做文章标题，故选B。
D
Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much it
contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys; SUVs are presented in
natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies- although, in fact, they
fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources. Statistics are made up, and the tiniest
ecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns, while in the meantime the
greedy side of the business continues.
This is known as greenwashing, which means “making things that are not green look green”. The phenomenon
has long existed since the first Earth Day in 1970, when companies spent $300 million advertising themselves as
green companies—many times more than the money they actually spent on research into pollution reduction itself.
And the trend continued over the following decades when some of the planet’s worst polluters tried to pass
themselves off as eco-friendly. As the public’s environmental awareness grew, so too did the experience of
corporate public relations strategies, and advertisers found ever- more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hide
dark motives.
Of course, some businesses are genuinely committed to making the world a better, greener place. But when a
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002company spends more time and money claiming to be “green” than actually adopting business practices that
minimize environmental impact, it is clear that, for them, environmentalism is little more than a convenient
slogan(口号). Their message is “buy our products and you will end global warming, improve air quality and save
the oceans”. At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps conceal deception.
And what about today s consumers? Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions about
what is true. Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else
would companies do it? More information and greater awareness are essential. Analysing the tricks used by
advertisers should be part of every school curriculum. Non- governmental organisations can spread the word.
Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies. But it is not enough. Legally enforceable systems must
be put in place.
So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers’ eyes? In the United
States, the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims. France has published
Green Claims Guidance, stressing that “an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the accepted
principles of sustainable development”. All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of advertising
is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger which cannot be
ignored any longer.
31．What can we learn about greenwashing?
A．It is an ecological concept.
B．It is a marketing technique.
C．It is an awareness campaign.
D．It is an advertising innovation.
32．What does the underlined phrase “conceal deception” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Hide the truth. B．Raise the risk.
C．Expose the weakness. D．Break the limit.
33．What can be inferred about most consumers?
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002A．They are lacking in legal knowledge.
B．They have encouraged greenwashing.
C．They may question consumer groups.
D．They tend to make sensible decisions.
34．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Actions to fight false advertising.
B．Ways to protect customers’ interest.
C．Attempts to solve environmental problems.
D．Proposals to ensure sustainable development.
【答案】31．B 32．A 33．B 34．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在社会中不光有企业致力于让世界变得更美好、更环保，
也有一些公司夸大效果、编造数据，试图用环保理念掩盖其黑暗的动机。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Hardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted
advertising how much it contributes to the environment on our behalf. Flowers grow out of power-station
chimneys; SUVs are presented in natural habitats; oil companies use sunny, friendly logos and promise cleaner
technologies- although, in fact, they fail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources.(几
乎每天都有公司在精心制作的广告中告诉我们，他们为我们的环境做出了多大的贡献。发电厂的烟囱里会
长出花朵；SUV出现在自然栖息地；石油公司使用阳光、友好的标志，并承诺使用更清洁的技术——尽管
事实上，他们没有在可再生能源或替代能源上投入足够的资金。)”中，作者举例说明现状，即很多高污染公
司会利用广告试图向外界表达自己绿色、环保的生产经营理念，而实际上却并没有真正做到环保。由此可
以推测出，所以对于这些公司来说，假装自己环保只是一种打广告的营销手段。故选B项。
32．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“At best, such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits; at worst, it helps
conceal deception.(充其量，这种“洗绿”将事实推到了极限；在最坏的情况下，它有助于掩盖欺骗。)”，分析
句子成分可知，it指的是上文提到的greenwashing这个现象；上文“Their message is “buy our products and
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002you will end global warming, improve air quality and save the oceans”.(他们传递的信息是“购买我们的产品，你
就能结束全球变暖，改善空气质量，拯救海洋”。)”中，作者再次举例说明一些公司“声称”自己是环保企业，
宣传虚假信息，欺骗消费者，而购买这些产品并不能结束全球变暖、改善空气质量，这些企业只不过是想
利益最大化，吸引更多的顾客以谋取更多的利益；所以“洗绿”这件事情能够帮助这些企业隐藏他们的真实想
法，即隐瞒真相。故选A项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句“Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions
about what is true.(他们中很少有人能真正有准备地对真相做出明智的判断和决定。)”可知，他们很少有人做
出明智的判断，是否具有法知识无法推断。故D选项：They tend to make sensible decisions.(他们倾向于做出
明智的决定。)错误；A选项：They are lacking in legal knowledge.（他们缺乏法律知识。）错误。根据“Consumer
groups can punish the greenwashing companies.（消费者团体可以惩罚环保公司。）可知，消费者团体是支持真
正的环保的。文中无法推断出大部分消费者质疑消费者团体”故C选项错误。根据“Greenwashing is only
possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why else would companies do it?（漂绿之所以
成为可能，是因为消费者经常相信别人告诉他们的，否则公司为什么会这样做？）”可知，消费者相信广告
公司的漂绿行为，助长了公司的虚假环保的行为。故B选项：They have encouraged greenwashing.（他们已
经鼓励了漂绿行为）正确。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“All of these surely are the heart of the matter: the true impact of
advertising is the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles. And therein lies the real danger to our planet, a danger
which cannot be ignored any longer.(所有这些肯定都是问题的核心：广告的真正影响是推广不可持续的生活
方式。这就是我们星球面临的真正危险，一种不能再被忽视的危险。)”可知，本段讲的是虚假广告会引发民
众不可持续的生活方式和地球的不可持续发展，所以为了解决这一核心问题，需要采取行动打击虚假广告。
故选A项。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2分，共 10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
An apology can achieve great things for both the givers and the receivers although nobody likes to admit that
they were wrong.
An apology is crucial to our physical health. When we acknowledge that we are wrongdoers and express our
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002guilt to others, we will free ourselves from the uncomfortable state. This act feels like a weight on us has been lifted.
35 Research showed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tension decreased in victims of wrongs even when
they simply imagined receiving an apology.
Apologizing affects us not just physically, but also mentally. 36 When presented with an apology,
the victims may view us as imperfect human beings and find it easier to give forgiveness. In a powerful piece in
Psychology Today, writer Beverly Engel described how a simple “I’m sorry” from her mother, after being
estranged from each other for three years, made her relieved emotionally. But let’s be real, apologizing can be
difficult.
37 We should recognize our action did hurt someone even if our intention may not have been so.
Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we
will not repeat the behavior in future. 38
Of course, the most effective apologies often bring a cost to our dignity, since we have to admit that we are
wrong in front of others or many people. 39 As is known, it is one of the most positive actions we can
take when we do something wrong—for ourselves, the others, and the relationship. So, go ahead, apologize a little
more often for the things worth apologizing for.
A．There are agreed-upon ways to express our apology to others.
B．It’s a way of showing the price we paid for the wronged action.
C．A good apology affects the health of those on the receiving end, too.
D．But this can often be minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology.
E．This means we should take the blame and not try to justify it or explain it away.
F．Apologize for what you did rather than what other people might have thought about it.
G．It has the ability to disarm others of their anger and to prevent further misunderstandings.
【答案】35．C 36．G 37．A 38．E 39．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了道歉对我们的好处。
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx00235．根据上文“When we acknowledge that we are wrongdoers and express our guilt to others, we will free
ourselves from the uncomfortable state. This act feels like a weight on us has been lifted.(当我们承认自己是做错
事的人，并向别人表达我们的内疚时，我们就会从不舒服的状态中解脱出来。这一举动让我们感觉卸下了
负担)”和下文“Research showed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tension decreased in victims of wrongs
even when they simply imagined receiving an apology.(研究表明，即使只是想象得到道歉，被伤害者的心率、
排汗量和面部紧张程度也会降低)”可知，道歉不仅让做错事的一方感觉卸下负担，也对收到道歉的人有好处。
故C项“A good apology affects the health of those on the receiving end, too.(一个好的道歉也会影响收到道歉的
人的健康)”符合题意。故选C。
36．根据主旨句“Apologizing affects us not just physically, but also mentally.(道歉不仅会影响我们的身体，还
会影响我们的精神)”推知，空处应陈述道歉在精神方面给人们带来的好处。G项“It has the ability to disarm
others of their anger and to prevent further misunderstandings.(它有能力消除别人的愤怒，防止进一步的误解)”
符合题意，anger属于精神范畴。故选G。
37．空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“We should recognize our action did hurt someone even if our intention may
not have been so. Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take
action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future. (我们应该认识到我们的行为确实伤害了某人，即使我们
的意图可能并非如此。与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就
不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，认识到自己确实伤害某人，与其找借口不如主动承担责任，承诺以后绝不再
犯。结合常识可知，上述道歉的方法是大家公认的方法。故A项“There are agreed-upon ways to express our
apology to others.(我们向他人表达歉意的方式已经达成一致)”符合题意，下文具体陈述这些一致的方法是什
么。故选A。
38．空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear
responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future.(与其为我们所做
的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，这样做意
味着我们应该承担责任，不再辩解。E项“This means we should take the blame and not try to justify it or
explain it away.(这意味着我们应该承担责任，而不是试图为其辩护或解释)”符合题意，是对上文的进一步解
释。故选E。
39．根据上文“Of course, the most effective apologies often bring a cost to our dignity, since we have to admit
that we are wrong in front of others or many people.(当然，最有效的道歉往往会给我们的尊严带来代价，因为
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002我们不得不在别人或很多人面前承认自己错了)”可知，最有效的道歉方式往往有失尊严。根据下文“As is
known, it is one of the most positive actions we can take when we do something wrong—for ourselves, the others,
and the relationship. So, go ahead, apologize a little more often for the things worth apologizing for.(众所周知，当
我们为自己、他人和关系做错事时，这是我们可以采取的最积极的行动之一)”可知，做错了事，就应该道歉，
这是可以采取的最积极的行动之一。由此可知，和道歉带来的好处相比，尊严受到一点伤害是可以接受的。D
项“But this can often be minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology.(但与一个恰当的道歉所带来的好处
相比，这往往是微不足道的)”符合题意。故选D。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共 4 小题;第 40、41题各 2分，第 42题 3分，第 43题 5分，共 12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Before ending upon a supermarket shelf, an avocado(牛油果) has produced 1.3 kilograms of carbon into the
atmosphere. Its production alone consumes 60 gallons of water. Despite this, the fruit will often be thrown away as
household waste.
Household food waste is the result of mismanagement. Much of the waste is avoidable and the food may have
been eaten had it been better managed. To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers decide
to remove date labelling(标签), such as the “use-by” or “best-before” date, from some fresh food items.
Past studies have confirmed the importance of date labelling. Almost 60% of western European consumers
surveyed said they “always” check date labels while purchasing. But date labelling has long come under criticism
because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making. Indeed, consumers
commonly don’t accept edible(可食用的), but date-expired(过期的) food.
The removal of date labelling is therefore a promising start. Without date labels, information that may affect
consumers’ understanding of what is edible, is removed. Instead, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh
food items.
In the case of an avocado, the advice given to consumers is that when ripe, it should have a “pleasant and
slightly sweet aroma(气味)”, while the skin should be “dark green or brown”. Information is also provided on how
an avocado should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002likely to blindly throw away food due to an expiration date.
40．What do food retailers decide to do to reduce household food waste?
41．Why has date labelling long been criticized?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.
43．Once date labels are removed from some fresh food items, what problem(s) might be caused? (In about 40
words)
【答案】40．Food retailers decide to remove date labelling.
41．Because failure to truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.
42．If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but date-expired food.
Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also provided on how
the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed, they will be likely to
accept edible, but date-expired food.
43．Removing date labels from some fresh food items can prevent consumers from knowing the edible
information of the food.Without date labels, consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items.
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了为了减少家庭食品浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定取消一
些新鲜食品的日期标签，例如“使用日期”或“最佳食用日期”。尽管人们在购买食品时，大部分人会查看日期
标签，但是日期标签有时候却对人有误导作用而造成浪费。在施行取消标签后，人们可以通过“望闻”的方法
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002判断食物。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容“To reduce household food waste, a growing number of food retailers
decide to remove date labelling, such as the ‘use-by’ or ‘best-before’ date, from some fresh food items.(为了减少
家庭食物浪费，越来越多的食品零售商决定从一些新鲜食品上去掉日期标签，比如“截止食用日期”或“最佳
食用日期”。)”可知，食品零售商决定去掉一些新鲜食品上的日期标签以减少浪费。故答案为：Food
retailers decide to remove date labelling.
41．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段内容“But date labelling has long come under criticism because failure to
truly understand date labelling often leads to unreasonable decision making.(但日期标签长期以来一直受到批评，
因为未能真正理解日期标签往往会导致不合理的决策。)”可知，日期标签长期受到批评是因为日期标签未能
得到真正理解而导致不合理的购买决策。故答案为：Because failure to truly understand date labelling often
leads to unreasonable decision making.
42．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段内容“Information is also provided on how an avocado should look, taste,
and feel when “overripe”. It is hoped that a better informed consumer will be less likely to blindly throw away food
due to an expiration date. (还提供了牛油果“过熟”时的外观、味道和感觉的信息。人们希望，一个更了解情况
的消费者不太可能因为过期而盲目扔掉食物。)”可知，“If consumers can be better informed, they will not
accept edible, but date-expired food.(如果消费者能更明智，他们不会接受可食用的，但过期的食品。)”中“they
will not accept edible, but date-expired food”是错误的，如果消费者对食物信息更了解一些，那么就有可能接
受可食用但过期的食品。故答案为：If consumers can be better informed, they will not accept edible, but
date-expired food. Because consumers are encouraged to sense-check fresh food items, and the information is also
provided on how the food should look, taste, and feel when “overripe”. So if consumers can be better informed,
they will be likely to accept edible, but date-expired food.
43．本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：根据文章
第四段“Without date labels, information that may affect consumers' understanding of what is edible, is removed.
（如果没有日期标签，可能会影响消费者了解什么是可食用的的信息被删除。）”可知，没有日期标签，消
费者可能无法了解该食品的可食用信息。故答案为Removing date labels from some fresh food items can
prevent consumers from knowing the edible information of the food.Without date labels, consumers are encouraged
to sense-check fresh food items.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校正在为高三毕业典礼征集活动方案。你有意参加，并对活动设计形
成了一些想法。请你给英国好友Jim写一封邮件询问他的建议。内容包括：
1.介绍设计想法；
2.说明设计理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
My school is collecting designs for the graduation ceremony. I’m writing to share my idea with you and ask
for your advice.
First, the ceremony should be on weekend, thus allowing all the parents and teachers to be present, making
this event livelier. It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, followed by a video featuring
those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas. We need to set up a “gratitude
wall”, where we can express our gratitude to our teachers, friends and parents, without whose help we could hardly
succeed. During the last session, students can open the floor to talk about their future, sharing their ambitions with
each other.
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002So what do you think of my plan? Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就高三毕业典礼征集活动方案给英国好友Jim写一封邮件，
介绍自己的设计想法，说明设计理由，并询问他的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→ suggestion
鼓舞人心的：inspiring →encouraging
表达：express→convey
畅所欲言：open the floor→speak out freely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, followed by a video featuring those
unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas.
拓展句：It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, which will be followed by a video
featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It will kick off with an inspiring speech delivered by the principal, followed by a video
featuring those unforgettable moments of our school life and the presentation of diplomas.（运用了过去分词作后
置定语、状语，现在分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】We need to set up a “gratitude wall”, where we can express our gratitude to our teachers, friends
and parents, without whose help we could hardly succeed.（运用了动词不定式作宾语，where和whose引导的
非限制性定语从句，含without的含蓄条件句的虚拟语气）
微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002微信公众号：【高中精品资料君】全网最全电子讲义以及最全网课，有需要的联系微信：xygewx002
