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Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．facilitate vt.促进；使便利
2．cultivate vt.培养，养成(技能、态度或素质)
3．fellow man人类
4．philosopher n．哲学家
5．enlighten vt.启迪；指导，教导
6．straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的；诚实的，坦率的
7．doll n．玩偶
8．initially adv.起初
9．imitation n．模仿，仿效
10．violet n．紫罗兰
11．ray n．(太阳或月亮的)光线
12．abstract adj.抽象的
13．concept n．概念；想法
14．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展
15．necklace n．项链
16．objective n．目的，目标 adj.客观的
17．well-rounded adj.多面的，全面的
18．cognition n．认识，认知
19．core adj.核心的
20．insight n．洞察力；顿悟
21．civil adj.文明的，有礼貌的；公民的
22．integrity n．正直，诚实；完整
23．acquisition n．获得，习得
24．economics n．经济学
25．uncritically adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地
26．respectively adv.各自地27．initiative n．主动性
28．autonomous adj.自主的；自治的
29．demonstrate vt.展示；说明
30．royal adj.皇家的；王室的
31．primitive adj.原始的
32．BCE 公元前
33．prison n．监狱
34．conventional adj.守旧的；传统的
35．kingdom n．王国
36．civilisation n．文明
37．apron n．围裙
38．entitle vt.名为……；使有权利
39．imply vt.意味着……
40．overall adj.全部的
41．preoccupied adj.全神贯注的
42．philosophy n．思想体系；哲学
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．significance n．重要性，意义
2．promote vt.促进，增进
3．sympathy n．同情，同情心
4．insist vi.坚称；坚持主张
5．severe adj.很严重的
6．stubborn adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的
7．tendency n．倾向
8．superb adj.极好的，卓越的
9．eyesight n．视力
10．relate vi.理解；相联系
11．technique n．技巧，手法
12．stream n．水流
13．liquid n．液体
14．precious adj.宝贵的
15．grasp vt.理解，领会
16．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的
17．vocabulary n．词汇量
18．complex adj.复杂的；难以理解的19．gently adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地
20．apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的
21．forehead n．额，前额
22．vivid adj.生动的，逼真的
23．gain vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益
24．pursue vt.追求
25．critical adj.批评的，批判的
26．moral adj.道德(上)的
27.regardless adv.不管；不顾
28．circumstance n．境况，状况；情况，情形
29．citizen n．公民；市民
30．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
31．obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的
32．rank n．等级
33．worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
34．church n．教会；教堂
35．universe n．宇宙
36．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃
37．owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于
38．shadow n．阴影
39．vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
40．mankind n．人类
41．routine n．惯例，常规；例行公事
42．motion n．运动
43．timetable n．时间表，日程表；时刻表
44．facility n．设施，设备
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．consistent adj.一贯的，一致的→consist vi.由……组成；在于
2．analyse vt.分析，剖析→analysis n．分析，剖析
3．educator n．教育工作者→educate vt.教育；教导，指导→education n．教育
→educational adj.教育(方面)的；有教育意义的→educationalist n．教育(学)家
4．evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价
5．exceptionally adv.极其，非常；例外地；罕见地→exceptional adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外
的→exception n．例外；除外→except prep.除了……之外
6．restriction n．限制，规定，约束→restrict vt.限制，约束→restrictive adj.限制性的，约束的
7．unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的→bear vt.忍受；承受→bearable adj.可以忍受的
8．troublesome adj.令人烦恼的；引起麻烦的→trouble n．问题，麻烦
9．excitement n．兴奋，激动→excite vt.使激动；使兴奋→excited adj.激动的→exciting adj.
令人激动的
10．painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→painfully adv.令人痛苦地；艰难地→pain
n．痛；痛苦
11.enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiastically adv.热情地，热心地→enthusiasm n．热
情
12．expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加→expansion n．扩大；扩充；扩张
13．puzzle vt.使困惑，使迷惑n.谜；难题→puzzling adj.令人困惑的；费解的→puzzled adj.
困惑的；迷惑不解的
14．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.(使)失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的
→disappointment n．失望
15．contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献→contribution n．奉献，捐献
16．finance n．金融；财政→financial adj.金融的；财政的
17．expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的；风险高
的→exposure n．接触；暴露
18．surrounding adj.四周的，附近的→surround vt.包围；围绕→surroundings n．环境
19．judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决→judge v．判断 n．法官；审判员
20．behave vi.表现→behavio(u)r n．表现；行为
21．conclusion n．结论→conclude vt.推断出；得出结论vi.结束，终结
22．definition n．定义，释义→define vt.下定义；界定
23．responsibility n．责任→responsible adj.有责任的
24．priority n．优先处理的事；优先权→prior adj.优先的；较重要的；先前的；较早的
25．stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n．刺激，激励，激发
26．assess vt.评价→assessment n．评价；估价
27.inefficient adj.效率低的，能力差的→efficient adj.效率高的；有能力的→efficiency n．效
率
28．approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准→approving adj.赞成的；赞许的；同意的→approval n．
赞成；赞许；批准→disapprove vt.不赞成，反对
29．urge vt.强烈要求；敦促→urgent adj.紧急的→urgency n．急迫；急事
30．assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设→assuming conj.假设；假定
31．respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的→respect vt.尊敬 n．尊敬；方面→respectable adj.值
得尊敬的；得体的→respectful adj.尊敬的；恭敬的32．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj.明智的
33．beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的→benefit vt.对……有益 vi.受益于n.利益
34．arrange vt.排列，布置→arrangement n．排列，布置
1．stain/steIn/vi.& vt.(被)染污，(被)弄污
2．pyramid/'pIrəmId/n.金字塔
3．bargain/'bɑːɡən/n.便宜货，减价品
4．file/faIl/vi.& vt.提出(申请)
5．incur/In'kɜː/vt.引致，带来
6．depreciate/dI'priːʃieIt/vi.贬值，跌价
7．itemize/'aItəmaIz/vt.分条列举；详细列举
8．merchandise/'mɜːtʃəndaIz/n.商品；货品
9．twist/twIst/n.意外转折
10．motto/'mɒtəʊ/n.箴言，格言，座右铭
11．launder/'lɔːndə/vt.洗熨(衣服、床单等)
12．accessory/ək'sesəri/n.附件，配件，附属品
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．regardless of不管；不顾
2．in conclusion最后
3．have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
4．relate to理解；有关
5．hold up举起
6．open up开放，开启
7．be eager to do sth渴望做某事
8．be enthusiastic about对……有热情
9．put one’s arm round/around sb搂住某人
10．keep on doing sth继续做某事
11．work on从事
12．in a flash突然，一瞬间
13．to start with首先，作为开始
14．be used to doing习惯于
15．go against反对；对……不利
16．come to one’s defence 为某人辩护
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a woman named AnneSullivan.(get sb/sth done)
海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老师。
2．Now that Helen grasped the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as
much as she could.(now that引导原因状语从句)
由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多语言，并且尽可能学以致用。
3．I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.(it 作形式宾语)
我觉得很奇怪，因为我的老师不能给我表示什么是爱。
4．It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she
couldn’t touch.[It was the＋序数词＋time (that)＋主语＋had done...]
那是海伦第一次明白那个她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。
5．Without love you would not be happy or want to play.(without 引导的含蓄虚拟语气)
没有爱，你就不会快乐，也不会想玩耍。
6．...people like Galileo Galilei (1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the
centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
(with的复合结构)
……像伽利略•伽利莱(1564—1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教
会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。
默写练习(一)
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．philosopher n．哲学家
2．straightforward adj.简单的，易懂的；诚实的，坦率的
3．initially adv.起初
4．abstract adj.抽象的
5．concept n．概念；想法
6．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展
7．necklace n．项链
8．objective n．目的，目标 adj.客观的
9．insight n．洞察力；顿悟
10．civil adj.文明的，有礼貌的；公民的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)
1．sympathy n．同情，同情心
2．insist vi.坚称；坚持主张
3．stubborn adj.固执的，执拗的；倔强的4．stream n．水流
5．precious adj.宝贵的
6．grasp vt.理解，领会
7．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的
8．vocabulary n．词汇量
9．complex adj.复杂的；难以理解的
10．apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的
11．gain vt.获得，赢得，取得；受益
12．pursue vt.追求
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分)
1．educator n．教育工作者→educate vt.教育；教导；指导→education n．教育
→educational adj.教育(方面)的；有教育意义的→educationalist n．教育(学)家
2．exceptionally adv.极其，非常；例外地；罕见地→exceptional adj.杰出的，非凡的；例外
的→exception n．例外；除外→except prep.除了……之外
3．restriction n．限制，约束→restrict vt.限制，约束→restrictive adj.限制性的，约束的
4．troublesome adj.令人烦恼的；引起麻烦的→trouble n．问题，麻烦
5．expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加→expansion n．扩大；扩充；扩张
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．stain vi.& vt. ( 被 ) 染污， ( 被 ) 弄污
2．merchandise n．商品；货品
3．bargain n．便宜货，减价品
4．motto n．箴言，格言，座右铭
5．launder vt.洗熨(衣服、床单等)
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．in conclusion 最后
2．regardless of 不管；不顾
3．have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
4．hold up 举起
5．be eager to do sth渴望做某事
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共18分)
1．The novel consists of 120 chapters but the language style of the second half is not consistent
with the first half.(consist)
2．These researchers analysed the result of the experiment carefully ，and finally drew a
scientific conclusion from the analysis.(analyse)3．Many students are asked to evaluate their professors at the end of the semester by filling in an
evaluation form.(evaluate)
4．I can bear to be given extra assignments，but I find it unbearable to be blamed for the extra
tasks I have done.(bear)
5．From the audience’s disappointed expression，we could tell that the film was very
disappointing and many people were disappointed at it.(disappoint)
6．“Hi，here！I have exciting news for you！” my brother said in an excited voice.On
hearing the news，I jumped up in excitement.(excite)
7．She is enthusiastic about her work，so she enthusiastically threw herself into her work and it
is because of her enthusiasm that she has won her peers’ praise.(enthusiastic)
8．This kind of drug can make your painful back a little more comfortable and your pain can be
eased.(pain)
9．This puzzling problem puzzled all of us and we had no idea how to solve the puzzle.(puzzle)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
2．Today，I am enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.
3．To earn a living，I opened up a shop last month in the suburbs of our city.
4．In conclusion，people around the world should protect the water resources.
5．She is determined to live a fulfilling life regardless of what the future holds.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分)
1．你必须在周五之前完成工作以防你错过最后期限。(get sth done)
You must get the work done by Friday in case you miss the deadline.
2．既然我们知道了污染的严重后果，现在是时候立即采取措施来处理它了。(now that引导
原因状语从句)
Now that we know the serious consequences of pollution，it is time to take immediate measures to
deal with it.
3．我要表明我对你没有偏见。(it 作形式宾语)
I want to make it clear that I have no prejudice against you.
默写练习(二)
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分)
1．integrity n．正直，诚实；完整
2．economics n．经济学
3．respectively adv.各自地
4．demonstrate vt.展示；说明5．royal adj.皇家的；王室的
6．conventional adj.守旧的；传统的
7．civilisation n．文明
8．imply vt. 意味着 ……
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)
1．moral adj.道德(上)的
2．circumstance n．境况，状况；情况，情形
3．citizen n．公民；市民
4．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的
5．obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的
6．rank n．等级
7．worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的
8．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃
9．owe vt.有……是由于；把……归功于
10．shadow n．阴影
11．vital adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
12．routine n．惯例，常规；例行公事
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共20分)
1．finance n．金融；财政→financial adj.金融的；财政的
2．behave vi.表现→behavio(u)r n．表现；行为
3．definition n．定义，释义→define vt.下定义
4．priority n．优先处理的事；优先权→prior adj.优先的；较重要的；先前的；较早的
5．stimulate vt.刺激，促使，促进→stimulation n．刺激，激励，激发
6．assess vt.评价→assessment n．评价；估价
7．inefficient adj.效率低的，能力差的→efficient adj.效率高的；有能力的→efficiency n．效
率
8．assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设→assuming conj.假设；假定
9．respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的→respect vt.尊敬 n．尊敬；方面→respectable adj.值
得尊敬的；得体的→respectful adj.尊敬的；恭敬的
10．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj.明智的
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．pyramid n．金字塔
2．file vi.& vt. 提出 ( 申请 )
3．itemize vt.分条列举；详细列举
4．accessory n．附件，配件，附属品5．twist n．意外转折
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．in a flash突然，一瞬间
2．to start with首先，作为开始
3．be used to doing习惯于
4．go against 反对；对 …… 不利
5．come to one’s defence 为某人辩护
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分)
1．Through TV，kids have regular exposure to sex and violence.It is bad to expose kids to such
things and we should make kids exposed to some good books.(expose)
2．A lot of children at the school do not live in the town，but come from the surrounding
countryside，where the surroundings are very terrible.(surround)
3．Judging from his failure，it was his lack of experience that affected his own judgement.
(judge)
4．The students concluded the hotter the water was，the more salt would be dissolved in it.But
the teacher disagreed with the conclusion.(conclude)
5．Now that you have grown up，you should be responsible for what you are doing and it is your
responsibility to set an example to your future generation.(responsible)
6．Tom had hoped to meet with the manager’s approval and from the manager’s approving
nod，he knew that his plan was approved.(approve)
7．The teacher urged that the students should be taught how to take urgent action in the face of
urgency.(urge)
8．This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the local people.For the
benefit of more people，we should build more railways.(benefit)
9．It’s arranged that the meeting will be held on Sunday，so we must make arrangements for
everything before Saturday.(arrange)
10．His great contributions to the company have contributed to its rapid development in recent
years.(contribute)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分)
1．It kept on raining for several days，which completely ruined our picnic.
2．There is no denying that travellers are used to living in different climates and conditions.
3．Judging from the present situation，the contest is going against the blue team.
4．We hadn’t seen each other for a long time，so once I saw him，I rushed forward and put my
arm round him.5．After Jack had sent some e-mails，he started working on his project to be handed in next
Sunday.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分)
1．这是我第一次在火车上亲眼目睹急救。[It was the＋序数词＋time (that)＋主语＋had
done...]
It was the first time that I had witnessed first aid with my own eyes on the train.
2．如果没有那个年轻医生的救援和乘客们的帮助，那个老人可能已经死了。(without 引导
的含蓄虚拟语气)
Without the rescue of the young doctor and assistance of passengers，the old man could have died.
3．有更多的人提供帮助，世界将会更美丽。(with的复合结构)
The world will be more beautiful with more people offering helping hands.
Education is 1.exceptionally(exception) significant in facilitating individual development and
promoting social progress.It helps cultivate creative minds and develop sympathy for fellow
men.Educators 2.are expected(expect) to teach moral lesson，enlighten minds and clarify what
puzzles students.
Some people think that teaching means 3.expanding(expand) students’ vocabularies，and
making students understand abstract concepts to cope with all kinds of assessments.Obviously，
this cognition is wrong.Teaching is much 4.more complex(complex) than this.Teaching can be
painful.It is apparent that not all students are brilliant,5.which implies that teachers have to try
all methods to make slow students to gain knowledge.Some students，who think all restrictions
unbearable，are troublesome and stubborn.They never have schools’ timetables in mind
and have their own daily routine.6.However，teachers are expected not to abandon a single
student regardless of his/her bad behaviour.They have to urge students to study hard ，
stimulate the initiative in students and teach them integrity so that they can make
7.contributions(contribute) to society in the future.In addition，students are now exposed to
complex circumstances，so it is vital for them to think critically.That is，it is teachers’
responsibility 8.to cultivate(cultivate) students’ insight and judgement.However，the fruit of
education is sweet.Almost all civilisation regarded teachers as worthy and respected
citizens.Many successful people owe their success partly 9.to their teachers.In conclusion，
education is 10.beneficial(benefit) to mankind.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
consistent adj.一致的；一贯的；始终如一的(consist vi.由……组成；在于；与……一致)
•be consistent with...与……一致•consist of(＝be made up of＝be composed of)由……组成
consist in在于……；存在于……
consist with和……一致
(1)It is apparent that the value of our life consists in pursuing our objective and making one
breakthrough after another.
(2)He is a reliable educator and philosopher whose actions are always consistent with his
words.
(3)(读后续写之升华句)众所周知，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。
It is universally acknowledged that life consists of/is made up of/is composed of not only sunshine
but also storms.
(4)(应用文写作之建议信)如果你想让别人相信你，你的言行应该一致。
If you want others to believe in you，your conduct should consist with/be consistent with what you
say.
用法点拨 consist of没有被动语态和进行时态。
sympathy n．同情，同情心(sympathetic adj.同情的；支持的sympathetically adv.同情
地；怜悯地)
•express/show sympathy for sb向某人表达同情
have (no) sympathy for sb(不)同情某人
out of sympathy出于同情
in/with sympathy＝sympathetically同情地
in sympathy with...赞同/支持……
•be sympathetic to对……同情；赞同，支持……
(1)To tell you the truth，I am not in sympathy with your solution for it is too complex.
(2)Meredith太太同情穷人，因此每当她有时间的时候，她都会给他们带来食物和药品。
(改编自2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Mrs Meredith was sympathetic to/had sympathy for the poor，so she would bring food and
medicine to them whenever she had time.
(3)(读后续写之动作情感描写)她走近那个可怜的男孩，同情地把他抱在怀里。
Approaching the poor boy，she gathered him into her arms in/with sympathy/sympathetically.
(4)看到这一幕，我的心里涌起一阵同情。出于同情，我决定给这个天真的女孩一些支持与
帮助。
At the sight of the scene，a wave of sympathy welled up in my heart.Out of sympathy，I
determined to give the innocent girl some help and support.
insist vi.& vt.坚持认为；坚决主张/要求insist on/upon (sb/sb’s) doing sth坚持(某人)做某事
insist that...
(1)The old lady insisted that the homeless boy had stolen(steal) her wallet and insisted that he
(should) be put(put) into prison.
(2)我坚持认为为了保护海洋我们每天应从小事做起，并且我坚决要求每个人都参与进来。
(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
I insist that we do simple things every day to protect the ocean and that everyone (should) take
part in it.
(3)只有坚持追求梦想，你才能获得突破，才能为世界做出贡献。
Only if you insist on pursing your dream will you gain breakthroughs and make contributions to
the world.
puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)困惑 n．谜；难题(puzzled adj.困惑的；茫然的puzzling
adj.令人迷惑的)
•puzzle over/about苦思冥想；仔细琢磨
•be puzzled about对……迷惑不解
(1)After hearing the puzzling conclusion，he had a puzzled look on his face and I was puzzled
as well.(puzzle)
(2)(话题写作之传统文化)外国人对怎样正确地使用筷子感到困惑。
①Foreigners are puzzled about/over how to use the chopsticks correctly.(puzzled adj.)
②What puzzles foreigners is how to use the chopsticks correctly.(puzzle vt.；主语从句)
用法点拨 puzzled，confused，frightened等分词化的形容词既用来修饰人，也用来修饰与
人有关的名词，如：look，voice，smile，expression等。
disappointed adj.失望的，灰心的{disappoint vt.使失望；使破灭；使落空
disappointment n．[U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事物 disappointing adj.令人失望的}
•be disappointed at/with/by...对……失望
be disappointed to do sth对做某事失望
be disappointed that...因……失望
•to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
(1)Although being monitored can be painful and disappointing(disappoint)，it turns out that this
can actually be good for you.
(2)To their disappointment(disappoint)，they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first
attempt.
→What made them disappointed/What disappointed them was that they failed to cook aMother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)
→They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt ， which made them
disappointed/which disappointed them.(用定语从句改写)
worthy adj.值得尊敬的；有价值的
•be worthy of值得……
be worthy to be done＝be worthy of being done值得做(某事)
•be well worth doing非常值得做
•It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.做某事是值得的。
我保证我们学校图书馆里的自习室值得体验，因此请接受我真诚的邀请。
(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)
(1)I guarantee that the self-study room in our school library is worthy of being experienced/to be
experienced，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthy)
(2)I guarantee that it is worthwhile to experience/experiencing the self-study room in our school
library，so please accept my sincere invitation.(worthwhile)
(3)I guarantee that the self-study room in our school library is worth experiencing，so please
accept my sincere invitation.(worth)
urge vt.敦促；极力主张；驱策n.强烈的欲望；冲动(urgent adj.紧急的urgency n．急迫；
急事)
•urge sb to do sth催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth极力主张/强调……做某事。
•have/feel an urge to do sth有强烈的欲望做某事
(1)In case of urgency，call the police and they can help you handle urgent matters.(urge)
(2)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人反思他们不恰当的行为并且做出改变。
(2022·全国甲，书面表达)
To protect oceans better ， we must urge more people to reflect on their own improper
behavior/must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior and make
changes.
(3)呼吁任何渴望为环境保护做出贡献的人都应该参加这场运动。
It is urged that anyone who has an urge to make contributions to environmental protection
(should)participate in the campaign.
owe vt.欠(钱、人情等)；归因于；归功于
•owe sb sth/owe sth to sb欠某人某物owe sth to sb/sth把某事归功于某人或某事
•owing to因为，由于
(1)The brilliant inventor owed his new superb invention to the wisdom of all his workmates.
(2)由于他出色的判断力，我们最终赢了这场比赛。
Owing to his excellent judg(e)ment，we finally won the game.
(3)(应用文写作之道歉信)周五下午未能和你一起去书店，我应该向你道歉。
I owe you an apology for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
regardless of不管；不顾
•regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实
•in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句)
•with regard to关于；至于
(1)关于参赛资格，欢迎任何人参加活动，无论他们的英语熟练度如何。
With regard to the qualification of the competition，anybody is welcome to participate regardless
of their English proficiency.
(2)尽管生活中有苦难，她还是没有放弃她的梦想，最终成功了。
Despite/In spite of the sufferings and hardships in life，she didn’t give up her dream and finally
made it to the top.
get＋宾语＋宾补 Helen’s parents got a superb teacher recommended to them，a
woman named Anne Sullivan.海伦的父母经人推荐，聘请了一位名叫安妮·莎莉文的优秀老
师。
•该句中got 作谓语，a superb teacher 作宾语，recommended to them作宾补。其中，宾语和
宾补之间为动宾关系，表示被动。构成“ vt.＋宾语＋过去分词”结构。
•可以用于该结构的动词常常是感官动词，如see，notice，watch，hear，feel等，以及使役
动词，如have，get，keep，leave，make 等。此外want，like 等表示想或好恶的词也有此
用法。
(1)It is said that the headmaster intends to get the schoolyard expanded(expand) next year.
(2)那位著名的作家在一次事故中去世了，他的最后一部作品还没有完成。
That famous writer passed away in an accident，leaving his last work unfinished.
(3)让她兴奋的是，她看到周围的环境改善了很多。
To her excitement，she saw the surroundings improved a lot.
It was the＋序数词＋time (that) sb had done... It was the first time Helen had
understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.那是海伦第一
次明白那个她触摸不到的复杂词语的意思。•“It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/...time (that) sb＋过去完成时”表示“某人第一/第
二/……次……”
•“It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/...time (that) sb＋现在完成时”表示“某人第一/第二/……
次……”
•It is/was (about/high) time that...should do sth/did sth 意为“到了……做某事的时间了”，
should不能省略。相当于It is/was time for sb to do sth。
•There was a time when...曾经有一段时间……
(1)这是我们第一次准备英语话剧，为此我们迫切需要您的帮助。(2020·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)
This is the first time that we have prepared for an English drama，for which we are in desperate
need of your help.
(2)那是我第一次把晚餐分发给那些需要帮助的人，所以我有点担心和紧张，汗水从额头上
流下来。(2022·浙江6月，读后续写)
That was the first time that I had passed out dinners to those in need，so I was a bit worried and
nervous，with sweat running off my forehead.
(3)到了政府应该采取有效措施保护野生动物免遭灭绝的时候了。
It is high time that the government should take/took effective measures to protect wildlife from
extinction.
(4)我仍然记得曾经有一段时间，我对与大自然有关的一切都很着迷。
I still remember there was a time when I was crazy about everything with nature.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．stream
(1)The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and
outside the City Wall.(2021·全国甲) B
(2)A stream of cold air rushed through the open door. D
(3)Can you jump across the stream？ A
(4)Tears streamed from her eyes when she saw the sad movie. C
2．gain
(1)Oh，my goodness.My watch gains 20 minutes every 24 hours. C
(2)These policies have resulted in great gains in public health. D
(3)It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are morelikely to gain good health compared to those who do not.(2021·天津6月) A
(4)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数) across 200 countries，the
scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains
in BMI in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月) B
3．rank
(1)He was soon promoted to the rank of general in the army. B
(2)She ranked the bottles in order of size along the shelf. C
(3)She was not used to mixing with people of high social rank. A
(4)It is not advisable for teachers to rank students according to their grades. D
4．promote
(1)They are under so much pressure that they have to promote their new products on television.
C
(2)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day，the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-
producing country，China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the
healthy development of the tea industry.(2022·全国乙) A
(3)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. B
(4)After months’ hard practice，they were promoted to the First Division last season. D
5．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)Many people are in sympathy with your views.同意，赞同
(2)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term
examination.沉湎于；放纵
(3)Located in Moscow，the Kremlin is a symbol of Russia and one of the world’s largest
complexes.建筑群
(4)I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.细谈，详谈
(5)Although the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience
is worth it.大量的；相当数量的
(6)The plan to abstract 8 million gallons of water from the river has proved to be practical.抽取
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．When criticised that what he said was not consistent with what he did，he smiled in
embarrassment.
2 ． Our English teacher insisted that we (should) imitate(imitate) the pronunciation of
broadcasters of BBC.
3．There is a growing tendency(tend) for people to suffer from severe tension and a bad
mood nowadays.4．To his disappointment(disappoint)，what he earned couldn’t cover the monthly expense of
the family.
5．The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of being watched(watch)．
6 ． For thousands of years ， people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on
wisdom(wise)．(2023·全国甲)
7．Who do you suppose should take responsibility(responsible) for the car accident?
8．Under unbearable(bear) circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and
evaluate pitchblende with the objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their
properties.
9．You’d better go to the surgery to get your bleeding hand treated(treat)．
10．This is the first time that she has taken(take) a ballet course，so she is quite clumsy.
假定你是红星中学学生会主席李华，学生会准备开展一次“人工智能与未来教育”的专
家讲座活动。请你写一则英语通知发布到学校英文网站，号召同学们积极参加，内容包括：
1.活动的时间和地点；
2.专家简介和讲座内容；
3.报名方式。
完成句子
1．随着人工智能技术越来越受到学生的关注，6月20日下午2至3点，我校礼堂将举办一
场主题为“人工智能与未来教育”的讲座。(with复合结构)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．众所周知，这是我们第一次举办这样的活动，对老师和学生来说都会非常有吸引力。(It
is the first time that...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．该讲座由人工智能技术领域的领军人物吴教授来做。(get＋宾语＋过去分词)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4．除了向你介绍这项技术的概况外，他还将明确人工智能技术如何应用于并影响未来的教
育。(it作形式宾语)________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5．既然你们对这次讲座很感兴趣，请不要错过，6月16日前可以到学生会报名。(now that
引导状语从句；enthusiastic)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
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参考范文
Notice
Lecture：AI and Tomorrow’s Education
With the AI technology attracting more and more students’ attention，a lecture with the
theme of “AI and Tomorrow’s Education” is scheduled to be held in our school auditorium
from 2 p．m.to 3 p．m.on June 20th.
As we all know，it is the first time that we have held such an activity，so it will be
exceptionally appealing to both teachers and students.Professor Wu，a leading researcher in AI
technology ， will get the lecture delivered.Besides offering you a general picture of this
technology ， he will also make it clear how AI technology can be applied to and affect
tomorrow’s education.
Now that you are enthusiastic about this lecture，don’t miss it and you can register with the
Students’ Council before June 16th.
Li Hua
Chairman of the Students’ Council
教材语料整合
[情感描写] sympathy；unbearable；troublesome；superb；straightforward；
excitement；painful；enthusiastic；complex；gently；disappointed；puzzle；critical；
亮词
integrity；conventional；preoccupied
[人物描写] promote；facilitate；insist；evaluate；stubborn；enlighten；grasp；expand；gain；pursue；educate；contribute；expose；stimulate；assess；approve；
urge；abandon；owe；restrict
1.She was sometimes troublesome，stubborn and angry，and had a tendency to break
things when no one understood her.(人物描写)
2.However，because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning，the results were amazing.
(情感描写)
3.When her teacher said that it wasn’t，she was confused and disappointed.(情感描写)
4.You cannot touch love either；but you feel the sweetness that it pours into
美句
everything.Without love you would not be happy or want to play.(主旨升华)
5.He is now known as the father of astronomy.(比喻)
6.In the picture，a man is wearing a hat and an apron，and is carrying an umbrella
because it is raining heavily.(人物描写)
7.It is important not to become too preoccupied with routines and schedules，because they
can make us blind to what is in front of us.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：“嘴”动“唇”动
open-mouthed目瞪口呆的 mouth drops/hangs wide open 张大嘴巴 widen one’s
mouth 咧开嘴 feel one’s throat tight and one’s mouth dry感到喉咙发紧，嘴发干
词块 cup/cover one’s mouth 捂住某人的嘴 down in the mouth垂头丧气，嘴角下垂
one’s heart in one’s mouth 提心吊胆 lick one’s lips 舔嘴唇 purse one’s lips
噘嘴 bite one’s lip 忍住话，抑制情感流露
She froze，her mouth hanging open.(独立主格)她呆住了，嘴张开着。
Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress.疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。
He straightened up and looked at me，open-mouthed/his mouth dropping open in
surprise.他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。
With a smile playing around his mouth，he recalled the happy past days.(with复合结
构)嘴角挂着微笑，他回忆起过去的快乐时光。
句型 A gentle smile danced around the corners of her mouth，making us feel at
ease/putting us at ease.(拟人)她的嘴角露出一抹温柔的笑意，使我们放松下来。
My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.闻到食物的香味，我的嘴开始
流口水了。
She bit her lower lip to keep it from trembling as tears ran/streamed/rolled down her
cheeks.
她咬着下唇不让它颤抖，泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
语料运用 主题：“第一课”
The first time I delivered a lecture as a university lecturer，I felt extremely painful andanxious，①my throat tight and my mouth dry(独立主格结构)．②I have an urge to escape，but
I was not a student but a teacher now.Thinking of it，I tried to ③bite my upper lip to keep it from
trembling.Then，I quickly ④cleared my throat and licked my lips，hoping audience off the stage
didn’t notice my uneasiness.Some students straightened up and looked at me
⑤open-mouthed/their mouth dropping open in surprise ， which again made me almost
abandon.⑥Disappointed with myself(形容词短语作状语)，I managed to take a few deep breaths
and calm down by recalling some happy scenes.Finally，⑦a weak smile began to dance around
the corners of my mouth(拟人) and I finally could take control of my emotion as well as my first
class.
作为一名大学讲师，第一次上课时，我感到极度痛苦和焦虑，喉咙紧绷，口干。我有逃
跑的冲动，但我现在不是学生，而是老师。想到这里，我努力咬着上唇，以免它颤抖。然后，
我迅速清了清嗓子，舔了舔嘴唇，希望台下的观众不要注意到我的不安。有些学生直起身子
惊讶地张大嘴巴看着我，这再次让我几乎想放弃。我对自己感到失望，于是做了几次深呼吸，
试图回忆起一些快乐的场景，让自己平静下来。最后，一抹浅浅的微笑开始在我的嘴角飞舞，
我终于可以控制自己的情绪，掌控我的第一次课堂。
