文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．drought n．旱灾，干旱
2．hurricane n．飓风
3．landslide n．滑坡；塌方
4．volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的
5．landscape n．风景，景色
6．weed n．野草；海藻
7．deer n．鹿
8．insect n．昆虫
9．whale n．鲸
10．dolphin n．海豚
11．shark n．鲨(鱼)
12．kangaroo n．袋鼠
13．eagle n．鹰
14．fox n．狐狸
15．jungle n．(热带)丛林
16．whirlpool n．旋涡
17．descent n．下降，下落
18．tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的
19．barrel n．桶
20．extent n．面积；长度；范围；程度
21．tube n．圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
22．lamp n．灯
23．sledge n．雪橇
24．ski n．滑雪板vi.滑雪
25．polar adj.极地的，地极的
26．continent n．洲，大洲；大陆27．tent n．帐篷
28．brochure n．小册子
29．aftershock n．(地震的)余震
30．metal n．金属
31．skiing n．滑雪运动
32．originality n．独创性；创造力
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．disaster n．灾难；灾祸
2．flood n．洪水，水灾
3．wildlife n．野生动植物，野生生物
4．comment n．评论；意见
5．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
6．living adj.活的，活着的
7．soil n．土壤
8．climate n．气候
9．lecture n．讲座，讲课；演讲
10．overuse vt.过度使用；滥用
11．million n．百万
12．greenhouse n．温室，暖房
13．title n．题目，标题 vt.加标题
14．wave n．海浪；波涛；(情感的)一阵
15．escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避
16．float vi.浮；漂
17．file n．档案，卷宗
18．soul n．灵魂
19．edge n．边缘
20．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
21．vehicle n．交通工具，车辆
22．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中
23．attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图
24．damage n．伤害，损伤，损害
25．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量
26．overseas adv.在海外，在外国
27．site n．场所，地点
28．process n．过程，进程29．battle n．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
30．duty n．职责，义务；责任
31．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨
32．nearby adv.附近
33．dust n．灰尘；尘埃
34．captain n．上校；队长；组长
35．base n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地
36．distant adj.久远的；遥远的
37．shelter n．避难所
38．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
39．scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的
40．harmless adj.无害的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．eruption n．爆发→erupt v．爆发；喷出
2．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态学的；生态的
3．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．震惊；休克；冲击→shocking adj.令人震惊的
→shocked adj.震惊的
4．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
5．poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人
6．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的；不可思议的
7．frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frighten v．使受惊；使惊
恐
8．horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horror n．恐惧，害怕；令人惊恐的事
→horribly adv.害怕地；可怕地；极其地
9．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心
10．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe v．观察；注意到；庆祝；遵守
11．equal adj.相等的；相同的；平等的→equally adv.同样地；平等地→equality n．平等
12．interrupt vi.& vt.打断讲话→interruption n．打断，打扰；中断时间
13．death n．死，死亡→die v．死亡→dying adj.垂死的→dead adj.失去生命的；不再使用
的
14．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.失去；丢失；使迷路→lost adj.丢失的；迷路的
15．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v．运转；做手术；操作→operator
n．接线员；操作者
16．conduct vt.实施；执行；进行vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n．指挥；售票员
17．protection n．保护；防护→protect v．保护；防护→protective adj.保护的；防护的18．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的
→breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地
19．explorer n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．探索；探究；勘察→exploration n．探索；探
究；勘察
20．preparation n．预备，准备→prepare v．准备；预备
21．anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地；担忧地→anxious adj.焦虑的，担心的→anxiety n．忧
虑，焦虑
22．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的
23．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．使高兴；欢呼 n．欢呼声
24．prove vt.证明；证实→proof n．证据
25．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的→dishonest adj.不诚实的
26．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的→sincerely adv.诚挚地
27．bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地
28．disappearance n．消失；消亡→disappear vi.消失；消亡；灭绝→appear vi.出现linking
v．看来；似乎
1．impulsive/ɪm'pʌlsɪv/adj.冲动的，鲁莽的
2．route/ruːt/n.路线
3．lush/lʌʃ/adj.茂盛的，郁郁葱葱的
4．flock/flɒk/n.(羊或鸟)群
5．wreckage/'rekɪdʒ/n.残骸
6．conspiracy/kən'spɪrəsi/n.密谋，阴谋
7．imprison/ɪm'prɪzən/vt.监禁；禁锢
8．debunk/ˌdiː'bʌŋk/vt.证明(思想或观念)错误
9．skeptic/'skeptɪk/n.持怀疑态度的人
10．not pull any/your punches (批评时)毫不留情
11．cardboard/'kɑːdbɔːd/n.(硬)纸板，卡纸
12．nauseous/'nɔːziəs/adj.恶心的，想呕吐的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．turn one’s back (on sb/sth)对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
2．in the direction of朝……方向
3．on the edge of在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
4．at great speed高速地
5．be/become curious about对……感到好奇
6．in the end最后7．pick up去接(某人)；拿起；捡起；营救，搭救
8．breathe in吸气
9．run out用完；耗尽
10．on the way to...在去往……的路上
11．have difficulty with sth在某事方面有困难
12．break down停止运转，出故障；失败；垮掉
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.(It takes/took sb some
time to do...)
不到一天的时间，我的头发就由黑变白了。
2．I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(as if 引导方式状语从句)
我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。
3．The first，the larger the bodies were，the more rapidly they fell...(the＋比较级．..，the＋
比较级．..)
第一，物体越大，下落越快……
4．As you can see，the reason why I’m here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
(The reason why...is/was that...)
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
5．But what if I’m trapped？(what if...？)
但是如果我被困住了怎么办？
6．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(全部倒装)
极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
7．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.[have difficulty
(in) doing...]
下一个离去的是奥茨船长，他连走路都很困难。
默写练习(一)
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共13分)
1．drought n．旱灾，干旱
2．hurricane n．飓风
3．volcanic adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的
4．landscape n．风景，景色
5．weed n．野草；海藻
6．insect n．昆虫
7．dolphin n．海豚8．shark n． 鲨 ( 鱼 )
9．kangaroo n．袋鼠
10．jungle n． ( 热带 ) 丛林
11．whirlpool n．旋涡
12．extent n．面积；长度；范围；程度
13．tube n． 圆管，管子； ( 伦敦 ) 地铁
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共14分)
1．disaster n．灾难；灾祸
2．flood n．洪水，水灾
3．comment n．评论；意见
4．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
5．living adj.活的，活着的
6．climate n．气候
7．lecture n．讲座，讲课；演讲
8．wave n．海浪；波涛
9．escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避
10. float vi.浮；漂
11．soul n．灵魂
12．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
13．trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中
14．attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)
1．ecology n．生态；生态学→ecological adj.生态学的；生态的
2．poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n．诗；诗歌→poet n．诗人
3．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.神秘的；不可思议的
4．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe v．观察；注意到；庆祝；遵守
5．loss n．丧失；死亡→lose vt.失去；丢失；使迷路→lost adj.丢失的；迷路的
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．route n．路线
2．cardboard n．(硬)纸板，卡纸
3．wreckage n．残骸
4．conspiracy n．密谋，阴谋
5．not pull any/your punches ( 批评时 ) 毫不留情
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题3分，共15分)
1． turn one ’ s back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管2．in the direction of 朝 …… 方向
3．on the edge of 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
4．at great speed 高速地
5．be/become curious about 对 …… 感到好奇
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共18分)
1．The volcano erupted on Wednesday and a huge cloud of gas and dust from the eruption
covered the whole sky.(erupt)
2．Looking at the newspaper in shock，the boy was shocked at the shocking news.(shock)
3．The two survivors told us how they survived the whirlpool，and we were amazed at their
survival.(survive)
4．Horrible sound of the firecrackers frightened the dog greatly，and the dog trembled in horror.
(horror)
5．The boy was curious about everything and he asked many questions curiously，so his father
answered them to satisfy his curiosity.(curious)
6．The young man was equal to the job，but didn’t get equality in wages，which let him
down.(equal)
7．We were having a meeting when a man interrupted it and everyone was annoyed at the sudden
interruption.(interrupt)
8．Doctor Yuan Longping died in May,2021 and his death left Chinese in sorrow.Although he
has been dead for quite a long time，we are still missing him.(die)
9．The frightening scene frightened my son and I gathered my frightened boy into my arms.
(frighten)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分)
1.I asked where Steve was and she nodded in the direction of the kitchen.
2．Being curious about various things benefits you greatly because it will help you to learn.
3．It won’t be easy in the beginning but we will make it in the end if we try our best.
4．As far as I am concerned，turning your back on your shortcomings only makes you fall behind
others.
5．Hearing the sad story，all of the audience were on the edge of tears.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共15分)
1．昨天，我们花了一整个下午才穿过丛林。(It takes/took sb some time to do...)
It took us a whole afternoon to go through the jungle yesterday.
2．令人生气的是，他们完全忽视了这些问题，好像它们从来不存在似的。(as if)
It was annoying that they completely ignored these problems as if they had never existed.3．令我失望的是，我越想成功，我犯的错误就越多。(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)
To my disappointment， the more I wanted to succeed ， the more mistakes I made .
默写练习(二)
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．lamp n．灯
2．ski n．滑雪板 vi.滑雪
3．polar adj.极地的，地极的
4．continent n．洲，大洲；大陆
5．tent n．帐篷
6．brochure n．小册子
7．aftershock n． ( 地震的 ) 余震
8．metal n．金属
9．skiing n．滑雪运动
10．originality n．独创性；创造力
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共17分)
1．damage n．伤害，损伤，损害
2．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量
3．overseas adv.在海外，在外国
4．site n．场所，地点
5．process n．过程，进程
6．battle n．较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
7．duty n．职责，义务；责任
8．suffering n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨
9．nearby adv.附近
10．dust n．灰尘；尘埃
11．captain n．上校；队长；组长
12．base n．基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地
13．distant adj.久远的；遥远的
14．shelter n．避难所
15．varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
16．scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的
17. harmless adj.无害的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)
1．operation n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v．运转；做手术；操作→operator n．接线员；操作者
2．conduct vt.实施；执行；进行 vi.& vt.指挥→conductor n．指挥；售票员
3．protection n．保护；防护→protect v．保护；防护→protective adj.保护的；防护的
4．cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．使高兴；欢呼
5．prove vt.证明；证实→proof n．证据
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．impulsive adj.冲动的，鲁莽的
2．imprison vt.监禁；禁锢
3．debunk vt. 证明 ( 思想或观念 ) 错误
4．skeptic n．持怀疑态度的人
5．flock n．(羊或鸟)群
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．pick up 去接 ( 某人 ) ；拿起；捡起；营救，搭救
2．breathe in 吸气
3．run out 用完；耗尽
4．on the way to... 在去往 …… 的路上
5．have difficulty with sth在某事方面有困难
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共18分)
1．The explorers told us many things about the exploration，which included many adventures.
(explore)
2．My parents have made full preparations for the picnic，so now everything is well prepared.
(prepare)
3．If you interact with others sincerely，they will be struck by your sincerity sooner or later.
(sincere)
4．The old father，who was anxious about his son’s safe return，waited at the exit of the
station with anxiety，twisting his hands anxiously.(anxious)
5．Those once ambitious young men sadly found that their ambitions had abandoned them.
(ambition)
6．My father tells me to be an honest person and he believes that honesty is the best policy.
(honest)
7．The brave boy jumped into the river bravely to save the drowning girl，and we all praised
him for his bravery.(brave)
8．Many animals have disappeared in the past decades，but it appears that people don’t care
about the disappearance of these species.(appear)9．The air at the top of the mountain was hard to breathe and soon we became out of breath.My
sister told me breathlessly that she would never come again.(breath)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分)
1.My money is running out，so I must withdraw some from the bank this afternoon.
2．In the morning he opens the window wide and breathes in deeply.
3．Finally their marriage broke down because they often quarreled with each other fiercely.
4．No words are strong enough to express my gratitude to you for picking up my son at the airport
instead of me.
5．He has difficulty with English，so I will try my best to help him with the extremely important
subject.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共20分)
1．我不能和你一起去书店的原因是明天下午我有一个重要的会议要参加。(The reason
why...is/was that...)
The reason why I can ’ t go with you to the bookstore is that I have an important meeting to attend
tomorrow afternoon.
2．接着从黑暗中传来一道我们从来没有听过的声音，我们的腿不由自主地颤抖。(全部倒
装)
Then came a voice out of the darkness we had never heard before and our legs trembled
uncontrollably.
3．我感到很紧张，甚至觉得自己呼吸困难。(have difficulty in doing...)
Feeling so nervous，I even felt I had difficulty in breathing.
4．我要是找不到走出这可怕树林的路可怎么办？我怕得打冷战。(what if)
What if I couldn ’ t find the way out of this scary forest? I was chilled with fear.
In fact，it was out of curiosity that I attended the lecture given by a famous explorer,1.who
had just returned from a distant continent.2.Expecting(expect) to hear varied horrible
experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration，I went to the site cheerfully.He
indeed shared some stories of battling against nature with bravery，in one of which his vehicle
broke 3.down in the polar area because the gas had run out.4.Trapped(trap) in the scary
snowstorm ， he attempted 5.to call(call) for rescue through the phone ， but it proved
useless.Frightened and hungry，he was at a loss and was faced with death several times.He
was walking anxiously until he 6.found(find) shelter in a nearby base.Besides，the suffering
of wildlife shocked us.According to his 7.observation(observe)，millions of animals are on the
edge of disappearance.Apart from natural 8.disasters(disaster) such as flood，drought，
landslides，volcanic eruptions and hurricane，to some extent，too much greenhouse gasalso caused damage to them.Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate，we should
take measures to conduct wildlife protection.Having heard his lecture，I find 9.it everyone’s
duty to keep the balance of ecology.Equally important is that we should hand out some
brochures to teach people to observe 10.natural(nature) laws.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信n.休克；打击；震惊(shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked
adj.感到震惊的)
•in shock震惊地；休克
be numb with shock震惊得目瞪口呆
•be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do...因做……而震惊
(1)(读后续写之心理描写) He was on the edge of breaking down，not uttering a word，but
pointed to the distance in shock.
(2)听到我的搭档住院的消息，我很震惊。与此同时，我很震惊地发现我别无选择，只能自
己完成我们的项目。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
I was shocked by/at the news that my partner was admitted to hospital.Meanwhile，I was
shocked to find that I had no option but to finish our project on my own.
(3) (读后续写之神态描写)看见从窗户喷出的可怕的浓烟，他惊呆了。
Seeing horrible heavy smoke shooting out of the window，he was numb with shock.
escape vi.& vt.逃离；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏n.逃脱；逃避；漏出
•escape from从……逃脱；逃避……
escape doing/being done逃避(被)做某事
•have a narrow escape死里逃生；侥幸躲过
(1)The frightened deer attempted to escape being caught(catch) by the tiger，but in vain.
(2)(读后续写之逃生)我离开帐篷才死里逃生。 我刚从里面逃出来它就烧毁了。
I had a narrow escape by leaving the tent.Hardly had I escaped from it when it burned down.
survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；
生还)
survive sth幸免于；从……中活过来survive on靠……存活下来
A survive B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
(1)If the explorer couldn’t find his way out of the jungle，there would be little chance of
survival(survive)．
(2)All the survivors(survive) have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a nearby
shelter.
(3)When I realized that the poor boy survived on discarded(丢弃的) food，a wave of sadness
and sympathy washed over me.
(4)To everyone’s shock，despite her poor health，she survived her husband by five years.
curious adj.好奇的(curiosity n．好奇；好奇心 curiously adv.好奇地)
•be curious about对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth极想做某事
•out of curiosity出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity满足某人的好奇心
(1)Curious about the process of making a lamp，the boy went to the factory to make a careful
observation.
(2)出于好奇，我蹑手蹑脚地进入了破旧的牛奶房，在那里我发现了一只被蜘蛛网困住的蜂
鸟。(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)
Out of curiosity，I crept into the broken milking house，where I spotted a hummingbird trapped
in spider-webs.
(3)我们很想了解周围的植物，因此，为了满足我们的好奇心，我们好奇地探索高中校园。
(2023·浙江1月，应用文写作)
We were curious to learn about the plants around us and as a result，to meet/satisfy our
curiosity，we explored the senior high campus curiously/with curiosity.
equal adj.相等的；相同的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物linking v．与……相等，
等于vt.比得上(equality n．平等；相等equally adv.相等地；公平地)
•be equal to (doing) sth等于/胜任(做)某事
•equal sb/sth in (doing) sth在(做)某事上比得过某人/物
•without equal无与伦比
(1)The person I respect most is my head teacher who attaches great importance to honesty，
sincerity，bravery and equality，so he treats each of us students equally.(equal) (2020·全国Ⅰ，
书面表达)(2)(应用文写作之申请信)首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是，我的沟通
技巧无与伦比。因此，我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
Firstly，nobody can equal me in oral English.Equally attractive is that I am without equal in
communication skills.So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair.
attempt n．& vt.企图；试图；尝试；努力(attempted adj.未遂的)
•attempt to do sth尝试(试图)做某事
•make an attempt/attempts (to do sth) 尝试(做某事)
at the first attempt第一次尝试
(1)Although he survived the attempted(attempt) murder，it took him quite a long time to return
to normal.
(2)我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物，但我笨手笨脚的。我不安地皱了皱眉。(2022·浙江6月，
读后续写)
I attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people，but I was all thumbs.I
frowned anxiously.
(3)老师拍了拍我的肩膀，温柔地说：“你第一次尝试，失败是很正常的，坚持不懈很重
要。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
My teacher patted me on the shoulder，saying gently，“It is quite normal for you to fail at the
first attempt and perseverance matters.”
measure vt.测量；估量；衡量linking v．量度为n.措施(measurement n．尺寸；大小；
测量)
•measure...by...用……来衡量……
be measured by/in用……来衡量/计算
•take measures/steps/action to do sth采取措施做某事
make sth to one’s measure照某人的尺寸做某物
(1)According to the lecture，you can’t measure someone by their appearances and the clothes
they wear.
(2)In that distant continent，trees are extremely tall，some measuring(measure) over 90 meters
in height.
(3)The tailor insisted that he should make clothes to my own measure.
(4)我们只有采取适当的措施来提高环保意识，才能在不久的将来建成一个绿色的北京。
(2023·北京，书面表达)
Only if we take appropriate measures to promote/raise the awareness of environmental protectioncan we build a green Beijing in the near future.
breathe vi.& vt.呼吸(breath n．呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的)
•breathe in/out 吸气/呼气
breathe a sigh of relief松了一口气
•in one breath一口气；同时
hold one’s breath屏息；屏气
take/draw a deep breath深呼吸
out of breath喘不过气
(1)Believe it or not，the first time I happened to read the newspaper Youth a couple of months
ago，I felt an urge to finish reading it in one breath(breathe)．(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
(2)It has been proved that in the daytime，plants breathe in carbon dioxide and breathe out
oxygen.
(3)(记叙文写作之活动介绍)大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得)上气不接下气，但
我们收获了美丽的风景。
About 2 hours later，we all reached the top. Though out of breath/breathless ， we were rewarded
with beautiful scenery.
(4)(读后续写之乐于助人)我深吸一口气，跳入水中，救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后，
我屏住呼吸，等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后，我松了一口气。
I took/drew a deep breath，dived into the water and saved the drowning girl.After conducting
first aid，I held my breath，waiting for her to become conscious.After observing her breathe
normally，I breathed a sigh of relief.
anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地(anxious adj.焦急的；不安的；渴望的anxiety n．忧虑，
担心；渴望)
•be anxious about sth/for sb为……担忧
be anxious to do/that...渴望(做)……
•with anxiety＝anxiously adv.焦急地
(1)The mother was anxious for her little son when knowing that he was frightened by a horrible
accident.
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)他焦虑地等待着结果，如坐针毡。
He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety as if he had been on pins and needles.
(3)大卫渴望参加越野赛，但是他害怕别人嘲笑他，他是如此不安以至于焦急的泪水顺着脸
庞流了下来。(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
①David was anxious to participate in/take part in the cross-country run.But he was scared of beinglaughed at by others.He was so anxious that tears of anxiety rolled down his cheeks.(be anxious to
do；so...that...)
②David was anxious that he could participate in/take part in the cross-country run.But he was
scared of being laughed at by others.So anxious was he that tears of anxiety rolled down his cheeks.
(be anxious that；倒装句)
run out用完；耗尽(主语为物，无被动语态)
run out of用完；耗尽(主语为人)
run across偶然遇见
run after追捕；跟踪；追求
run into撞上；偶然遇见；遇到(困难等)
run for竞选；匆匆去取
用run短语的适当形式填空
(1)If they run out of certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase
what’s needed.(2019·北京)
(2)The explorer ran across/into much unexpected trouble despite the preparations he had made.
(3)With a fierce dog running after it，the fox escaped into the jungle as fast as it could.
(4)Jane’s energy was running out and then her husband emerged，making her smile through
tears.
(5)(应用文写作之建议信)Learning that you are running for the position of chairman of the
Student Council，I am writing to inform you of some do’s and don’ts.
break down 停止运转，出故障；失败；垮掉；消除(矛盾或情态等)
break up 结束；(使)破碎；(使)散开
break in(不及物)破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into(及物)强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱、跑等)
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break away from脱离；挣脱
用break短语的适当形式填空
(1)(应用文写作之求助信)Due to a terrible quarrel，we broke up and he even broke away from
our organization.I don’t know how to break down our conflict，so could you please be kind
enough to offer me some proposals?
(2)We were discussing anxiously when he broke in，“Perhaps someone had broken into the
room and set a fire to it，so the fire broke out.”the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．.. The first，the larger the bodies were，the more
rapidly they fell...
第一，物体越大，下落越快……
•“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就
越……”。
•“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。
•“the more...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。
(1)The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less(little) water can flow into the ground to
become groundwater.
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)她越想这件事，就越感到害怕，手心在冒汗，心跳得厉害。
The more she thought about it，the more frightened she felt，her palms sweating and her heart
pounding wildly.
(3)我读的报纸越多，我的英语就越好。所以我真诚地希望你们的报纸越来越好，越来越多
的人从中受益。(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
The more I read the newspaper，the better my English is.So I sincerely hope that your newspaper
will be better and better and more and more people will benefit from it.
用法点拨 “the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”相当于表
示条件的状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来意义。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．observe
(1)Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still observe traditional customs. C
(2)“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says.“You put
organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening...”(2023·新课标Ⅰ) A
(3)Could you tell me how you usually observe Harvest Day in your country？ B
2．break down
(1)He broke down and wept when he heard the news. E
(2)If you work hard like that，you will break down one day. D
(3)Really，the truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in
trouble.(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) A(4)Researchers in Spain and England have recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth
can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics. B
(5)All our plans broke down because of his opposition. C
3．conduct
(1)The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases，the average of a large
number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.(2023·新课标Ⅰ) D
(2)The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor
should. E
(3)The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city. A
(4)Most metals can conduct electricity. C
(5)Dennis has recently begun a successful career conducting opera. B
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class. 训斥
(2)The emperor conferred(授予) a title on the brave soldier.头衔，称号
(3)He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury.赔偿金
(4)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.提出
(5)Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.休克
(6)I’m sorry，but your name escapes me.被遗忘
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．I was shocked(shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using my
smartphone.
2．The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape being harmed(harm) by the powerful waves.
3.Obviously，his survival(survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree.
4．Out of curiosity(curious)，the girl pressed the red button of the device regardless of the
warning.
5．In my opinion，the young man is equal to the job on account of his creativity.
6．To my amazement，our first attempt to develop(develop) a new software was a great success.
7．We must take instant measures(measure) to ensure the safety of the project.
8．Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife protection(protect)．
9.In addition，taking a deep breath(breathe) before taking an exam can help you relieve your
stress.
10．These businessmen anxiously(anxious) waited for the detailed contents of the latest policy.
11．With my money running out，I have to ask my sister to do me a favour by lending me a few
dollars.
12．To make matters worse，his car broke down at a location where no help was accessible.
13．The more careful you are，the fewer(few) errors you will make.
14．My cousin，who is addicted to computer games，has difficulty concentrating(concentrate)on his academic work.
假如你是李华，在得知某地发生地震后，作为你校的学生会主席，你决定给灾区的中学
生写一封慰问信，主要内容包括：
1.表达安慰；
2.救援队已到达进行援助；
3.表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。
完成句子
1．听说你们的家乡意外地发生了一场可怕的地震，我很震惊。(shock)
2．我很想借此机会向在地震中遭受巨大苦难的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(anxious；
定语从句)
3．得知救援队已经赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手，我松了一口气。(breathe a sigh of relief)
4．他们试图营救被困在废墟中的人们，完全将他们自身的安全抛在脑后，值得我们的尊重
和钦佩。(attempt to do；现在分词短语作状语；非限制性定语从句)
5．在政府和全国人民的帮助下，更多的人避免了在灾难中丧生的命运。(escape doing)
组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Dear friends，
I’m Li Hua ， chairman of the Student Council.I am shocked to hear that a horrible
earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown.
I am anxious to take this opportunity to express my deepest sympathy and concern for the
people who suffered greatly in the earthquake.Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your
hometown to lend a helping hand，I breathe a sigh of relief.They have attempted to rescue people
trapped in ruins，totally leaving their own safety behind，which deserves our respect and
admiration.What’s more，with the aid of the government and people across the country，more
people have escaped being killed in the disaster.
I’m fully convinced that everything will be fine though deeply affected by the earthquake，
and the stricken area will recover soon.
Yours，
Li Hua
教材语料整合
[人物描写] ambition；honesty；sincerity；bravery
亮词
[情感描写] shock；frightened；horrible；curious；anxiously；cheerful
1.All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we
were in a terrible storm.(环境描写)
2.I felt sick，as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.(比喻句)
3.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother
美句
understand，but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without
waiting，I jumped into the sea to try and escape.(动作描写)
4.Then the sky was clear，the wind calmer，and the moon was shining.(环境描
写)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：恐惧与绝望
单词 shout v．大声喊叫scream v．惊声尖叫
struggle v．挣扎；奋斗；艰难行进
hopeless adj.不抱希望的；无望的→hopelessly adv.绝望地；无望地
threat n．威胁→threaten v．威胁；胁迫
despair n．绝望
desperate adj.绝望的→desperation n．绝望
in despair/desperation绝望地 fall into despair/sink into hopelessness/abandon
oneself to despair陷入绝望 be in the depths of despair陷入绝望的深渊 give up
all hope绝望 be thrown into a world of darkness被投入黑暗世界 be getting
词块
desperate with＋情感名词 因为……而感到越来越绝望 weep bitter tears of
despair/desperation绝望得痛哭流涕 be seized with overwhelming despair绝望到
极点 one’s eyes be glued to/be fixed on sb with disappointment失望地盯着某人
Trapped in the flood，tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed
down my face.(无灵主语句)
被困在洪水中，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。
I felt more frightened and sensed death was waiting for me.
我感到更加害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。
As time went by，the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually.
句型
随着时间的推移，我能活着的信念逐渐消退。
Despair/Desperation was written all over his pale face.(无灵主语句)他苍白的脸
上写满了绝望。
A sense of despair swallowed/seized/took hold of him completely.(无灵主语句)
他完全被绝望吞没了。
His heart was torn with despair.他的心因绝望而被撕裂了。
语料运用 主题：自然灾害
Never ①have I experienced such a hopeless moment in my life.I was driving home when it
rained cats and dogs.Stuck in the heavy rain，I struggled to make my way but in vain，②tears of
horror and despair mixed with rain streaming down my face(独立主格)．What’s worse，my car
began to shake increasingly wildly.I felt more frightened and sensed ③death was waiting for
me(拟人)．④Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness(分词短语作状语)，
I yelled at the top of my lung but no response.I was about to give up ⑤when my husband Joe came
to my rescue.He approached me and opened the door，helping me get out of the car.After
confirming the safety，we ⑥inched forward in the muddy water and eventually made it home safe
and sound.⑦Only then did I get rid of my terror(倒装句)．Joe gathered me into his arms and kept
patting my back，comforting me gently.我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家，突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在
大雨中，挣扎着前进，但没有成功，恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸流了下来。更
糟糕的是，我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我感到更害怕，感觉到死亡在等着我。我被扔进
了一个黑暗的世界，陷入了绝望，我扯着嗓子大喊，但没有回应。我正打算放弃，这时我的
丈夫乔前来营救我。他走近我，打开车门，帮我下了车。确认安全后，我们在泥泞的水中慢
慢前进，最终平安到家。直到那时，我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里，不停地拍我的背，
温柔地安慰我。
