文档内容
综合测试（基础篇）
阅读理解+七选五
时间 ：40分钟 满分：50分
姓名__________ 得分________
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 (每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A Look at Four of the World-famous Colleges
University College London, England. United Kingdom
This university was founded with the intent of opening education equally and to all. In 1878, University
College London began admitting women using the same admission standards men were held to. The college was
the first in the United Kingdom to accept students from any class or religion.
Tuition (学费) for each student comes in at $31,000. This price does include fees for housing, food, travel
expenses and insurance.
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
It opened in 1853 and is known for its outstanding research and teaching programs. Research at the university
in the 1970s led to a cochlear implant (人工耳蜗), giving more than 200,000 patients worldwide hearing.
Parents of native students expect to pay $24,500 for the first term’s tuition and another $19,500 for room and
board in residential housing.
University of Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
Records of the university reach back to 1209 when the area was an ancient Roman trading post, making it the
second oldest university in the UK. Cambridge currently has 21,000 students with around 1,300 of those coming
from 65 different countries.
Tuition for the bachelor programs like engineering reaches $31,000.
Sarah Lawrence College, New York, United States
It is known for a diverse student body coming from 53 different countries. The teacher/student ratio (比例)
and personalized courses of study attract students from the United States and abroad.
Undergraduates carrying 30 credits will pay $51,196 for tuition. The cost to attend Sarah Lawrence may seem
prohibitive to many, but a degree from this honoured college can open many doors for graduates.
1．When did University College London start to admit women on equal terms with men?
A．In 1209. B．In1853. C．In 1878. D．In 1887.2．Which college developed a device to benefit people with hearing loss?
A．University of Melbourne. B．Sarah Lawrence College.
C．University of Cambridge. D．University College London.
3．What do the last two colleges have in common?
A．They just offer the bachelor programs. B．They feature the highest cost of board.
C．They are located in the United Kingdom. D．They are favoured by international students.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所世界名校。
1．细节理解题。根据University College London, England, United Kingdom标题下“In 1878, University
College London began admitting women using the same admission standards men were held to.”（自1878年开
始，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生。）可知，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生是自1878年
开始。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia标题下“Research at the university in the
1970s led to a cochlear implant (人工耳蜗), giving more than 200,000 patients worldwide hearing.”（20世纪70
年代，该大学的研究开发了一种人工耳蜗，为全球20多万患者提供了听力。）可知，20世纪70年代，墨
尔本大学研发出人工耳蜗，造福全世界20多万听障人士。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据University of Cambridge, England, United Kingdom标题下“Cambridge currently has
21,000 students with around 1,300 of those coming from 65 different countries.”（剑桥大学目前有21000名学
生，其中约1300人来自65个不同的国家。）及Sarah Lawrence College, New York, United States标题下“It
is known for a diverse student body coming from 53 different countries.”（它以来自53个不同国家的多样化学
生群体而闻名。）可知，剑桥大学和莎拉·劳伦斯学院都深受国际生青睐。故选D项。
B
Jim found himself exhausted during a trip. When he came home, he went to see a doctor. “The reason I was
tired, ” Jim says, “was that my kidneys (肾脏)were gone. ”
Jim, 69, a former Air Force pilot, immediately started dialysis(透析) three days a week. A person of his age on
dialysis usually lives only about four years. Transplants are a long-shot alternative. The National Kidney
Foundation estimates that 13 people die every day while waiting for a donor with the right blood and tissue types.
Jim’s wife, nephew and four family friends offered but weren’t a match. Jim was so discouraged that he was
even considering not attending a reunion of some Air Force buddies(铁哥们). But his wife encouraged him to
reunite with his old friends, among whom was one he hadn’t seen in 50 years: Doug Coffman. The two had met
when they both were learning Vietnamese before they went overseas.
Doug, then 70, felt a strong bond with his band of brothers, even though he hadn’t seen some of them in
decades. Their connection went beyond the battlefield in ways most soldiers never experience.
Doug had received help from his friends when he was in trouble, so he felt like it was a time that he could pay
that ahead by donating a kidney to Jim. Fortunately, series of testing revealed not only that Doug’s tissue type
matched Jim’s but also that he had the kidneys of a 35-year-old.
The transplant was a success. “It’s pretty miraculous to be able to take an organ out of one person’s body—aliving organ—put it in another person’s body, and have it work, ” Doug says. “And there’s nothing finer than
knowing I’ve helped another person live a better life. ”
4．From this text we know that Kidney transplant is ________.
A．Expensive B．dangerous C．a matter of luck D．an unwise choice
5．How old was Jim when he went overseas?
A．About 17. B．About 19. C．About 22. D．About 25.
6．What can we infer from Doug’s words in the last paragraph?
A．Doug is happy to donate a kidney to Jim.B．Jim is having a better life than Doug.
C．The kidney transplant is very successful. D．Modern medical science is very advanced.
7．What is the theme of this text?
A．Good luck. B．An operation. C．Paying it forward. D．Good relationship.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jim多年不见的老朋友Doug为其捐肾的感人故事。
4．推理判断题。由第二段中的第三句“Transplants are long-shot alternative.(移植是一个希望渺茫的选
择。)”以及最后一句“The National Kidney Foundation estimates that 13 people die every day while waiting for a
donor with the right blood and tissue types.(美国国家肾脏基金会估计，每天有13人在等待合适的血液和组织
类型的捐赠者时死亡。)”可知，肾移植是一个希望渺茫的替代方案。美国肾脏基金会估计每天都有13人在
等待一个有合适的血型和器官组织类型的捐赠者的时候死去。由此可见，肾移植要靠机会和运气。结合选
项可知，选项C正确。
5．细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“Jim, 69, a former Air Force pilot, immediately started dialysis (透析) three
times a week.(现年69岁的Jim曾是一名空军飞行员，他立即开始每周透析三次。)”和第三段中“But his
wife encouraged him to reunite with his old friends, among whom was one he hadn’t seen for nearly 50 years:
Doug Coffman.(但他的妻子鼓励他与老朋友团聚，其中有一位他已近50年未见的朋友:道格·科夫曼(Doug
Coffman)。)”可知，Jim，69岁，一位前空军飞行员，立即开始了一周三次的透析。但是他的妻子鼓励他去
和他的老朋友们重新团聚，在他们之中，有一个是他几乎59年没见的人：Doug Coffman。由此可知， Jim
出国参战的时候是69-50=19岁，他当时大约19岁。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句““And there’s nothing finer than knowing I’ve helped another
person live a better life.”(“没有什么比知道我帮助了另一个人过上更好的生活更美好的了。”)”可知，能为
Jim捐肾，Doug感到很高兴。故选项A正确。
7．推理判断题。由第五段中的第一句“Doug had received help from his friends when he was in trouble, so he
felt like it was time that he could pay that ahead by donating a kidney to Jim(Doug在遇到困难的时候得到了朋友
们的帮助，所以他觉得是时候把肾捐给Jim了)”可知，Doug曾在他困难的时候收到了他朋友的帮助，所以
他觉得这是他通过捐肾给Jim把爱传递。由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了把爱传递下去。结合选
项可知，选项C正确。
C
What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we
know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these
practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,
such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such
complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of
a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial
life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life
could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both
fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create
essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s
biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same
principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is
a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help
either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife
mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the
evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may
be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all
acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps,
just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
8．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .
A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful
9．What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged.
10．What can we learn from this passage?
A．ALife holds the key to human future. B．ALife and AI share a common feature.
C．AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D．AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
11．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?
C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。
8．推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, theattempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创
造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二
段“So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,
such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such
complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of
a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial
life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造
出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学
家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统
的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想
过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命
科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith
的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。
9．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers
in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的
表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是
ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫
做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in
both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表
亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特
点。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be
nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something: perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe,
the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别
的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证
明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝
试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。
D
Scientists and engineers are preparing for possible travel into interstellar (星际的) space, the area in between
stars, in the distant future. A new report examines the possible problem of changes in language on long space trips.
Two American researchers have explored one possible problem with such travel. They considered the possibility
that changes in human language could develop overtime and lead to major communication problems with people on
Earth.
The language experts are professors Andrew McKenzie from the University of Kansas, and Jeffrey Punske of
Southern Illinois University. The two recently published a paper, which considers very long trips necessary to reach
interstellar space, estimated to be about 18 billion kilometers from Earth. It also examines the possibility of futurecolonization (殖民地的开拓) of distant stars.
Languages naturally change as communities grow more isolated from each other, the researchers note in the
paper. The long isolation of a community could lead to enough differences in language to make it impossible for
community members back home to understand. “If you’re on this spaceship for 10 generations, new concepts and
social issues will emerge, and people will create ways of talking about them,” McKenzie said in a statement. Such
vocabulary would become specific to only that spaceship.
“People on Earth might never know about these words, unless there’s a reason to tell them. And the further
away you get, the less you’re going to talk to people back home,” McKenzie said. The researchers noted that in
addition to new words being used, the language of people traveling on spaceships and living in colonies would
experience many other changes. For example, the sounds of different letters would likely change overtime,
affecting not only individual words, but the whole “grammatical system”, the paper states.
Major changes in word and sentence structure could also create systematic language barriers overtime, the
researchers said. “Given more time, new grammatical forms can completely replace current ones,” McKenzie said.
12．What is the possible result of long space travel according to the research?
A．It may bring about many language barriers. B．People may suffer from mental problems.
C．It may change people’s living environment. D．People could communicate more easily on Earth.
13．What does the underlined word “isolation” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Connection. B．Distribution. C．Loneliness. D．Separation.
14．What can we infer about the language used on spaceships from paragraph 4?
A．It will form its own language system. B．It will replace the current language soon.
C．It can be understood by people on Earth.D．It can be used to communicate with aliens.
15．Why does the author mention McKenzie in the last paragraph?
A．To present the way to create new languages.
B．To explain the reason for language problems.
C．To stress the inevitable trend of language changing.
D．To show the importance of new grammatical systems.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能会带来很多
语言障碍。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“They considered the possibility that changes in human language could develop
overtime and lead to major communication problems with people on Earth.(他们考虑到人类语言的变化可能会随
着时间的推移而发展，并导致与地球上的人的主要交流问题)”可知，长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能
会带来很多语言障碍。故选A。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Languages naturally change as communities grow more isolated from each
other, the researchers note in the paper.(研究人员在论文中指出，随着社区变得更加孤立，语言自然会发生变
化)”可知，一个社区的长期分隔可能会导致语言上的差异，使社区成员无法理解。故划线词意思是“分
隔”。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers noted that in addition to new words being used, the
language of people traveling on spaceships and living in colonies would experience many other changes. For
example, the sounds of different letters would likely change overtime, affecting not only individual words, but the
whole “grammatical system”, the paper states.(研究人员指出，除了使用新词外，在宇宙飞船上旅行和在殖民
地生活的人的语言还会发生许多其他变化。例如，不同字母的发音可能会随着时间的推移而改变，不仅影
响单个单词，还会影响整个“语法系统”)”可推知，宇宙飞船上使用的语言将形成自己的语言体系。故选
A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Major changes in word and sentence structure could also create systematic
language barriers overtime, the researchers said. “Given more time, new grammatical forms can completely replace
current ones,” McKenzie said.(研究人员说，单词和句子结构的重大变化也会造成长期的系统性语言障碍。
“如果给更多的时间，新的语法形式可以完全取代现有的，”麦肯齐说)”可推知，作者在最后一段提到了
麦肯齐是为了强调语言变化的必然趋势。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Worried about the climate? 16 . Here are some examples to get you started.
•Count the birds and the bees
Get closer to nature by becoming a citizen scientist. You could be counting birds in your garden, butterflies,
insects and flowers, or even reptiles and hedgehogs. 17 . It’s a fun group activity, and your data can help
scientists better understand the impact of human behaviour on natural habitats.
• 18
Media headlines can be alarming when it comes to the climate and nature crisis or ignoring the issues
completely. Hosting a local discussion can allow space for reflection, debate, ideas and collaboration (合作) to take
action on global issues at a local level.
•Set up a library of things
Internet shopping has made it too easy to buy new stuff at the click of a button. 19 ? First, it’ll clutter
(凌乱地塞满) your house，then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library of things can encourage local people to
share everything from tools to instruments, cooking gadgets to toys.
•Start a climate emergency centre
20 . That’s why more and more climate emergency centres are popping up in derelict (废弃地) shops
on high streets and in shopping centres. A climate emergency centre can be a space for events such as an exhibition
on plastic waste or a workshop to learn how to make eco-cleaning products. It can also be a way to motivate more
people to take action.
A．Cooperate with your locals
B．But where is it all going to end up
C．Host a climate and nature discussion
D．But how have we consumed the things
E．The climate and nature crisis isn’t going away
F．There are lots of citizen science projects to take part inG．Small local actions with neighbors, local businesses and politicians can make a difference
【答案】16．G 17．F 18．C 19．B 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了个人可以采取的行动来应对气候变化和保护环境的例子，包括参
与公民科学项目、举办关于气候和自然问题的当地讨论、建立共享物品的图书馆，以及建立气候紧急中心
以提高意识并激发行动。
16．根据空前“Worried about the climate? (担心气候吗？)”及空后“Here are some examples to get you started.
(这里有一些例子可以帮助你开始。)”可推出，空处应该与解决上文的问题有关，G项“Small local actions
with neighbors, local businesses and politicians can make a difference (当地与邻居、当地企业和政治家的小行
动可以带来改变)”承上启下，下文顺接G项，文章也将会从当地与邻居、当地企业和政治家的角度展开陈
述解决办法，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
17．根据上文“Get closer to nature by becoming a citizen scientist. You could be counting birds in your garden,
butterflies, insects and flowers, or even reptiles and hedgehogs. (通过成为一名公民科学家来接近自然。你可以
数花园里的鸟、蝴蝶、昆虫和鲜花，甚至是爬行动物和刺猬。)”，下文“It’s a fun group activity, and your
data can help scientists better understand the impact of human behaviour on natural habitats. (这是一个有趣的小
组活动，你的数据可以帮助科学家更好地理解人类行为对自然栖息地的影响。)”可知，作为居民，成为公
民科学家，通过观察花园里的各种动植物来帮助积累数据，帮助科学家更好地解决问题，F项“There are
lots of citizen science projects to take part in (有很多公民科学项目可以参与)”，句中citizen science projects与
上文的a citizen scientist呼应，话题一致，projects则指代上文的counting birds in your garden, butterflies,
insects and flowers, or even reptiles and hedgehogs，上下文衔接连贯，故选F项。
18．根据下文“Hosting a local discussion can allow space for reflection, debate, ideas and collaboration (合作) to
take action on global issues at a local level. (举办地方讨论可以为反思、辩论、想法和合作提供空间，以便在
地方一级就全球问题采取行动。)”可知，本段主要介绍了举办有关气候问题的社区讨论来警示人们，题型
人们关注气候自然危机并采取行动，C项“Host a climate and nature discussion (主持一场气候和自然的讨
论)”可以概括本段主旨，Hosting a local discussion为复现词，上下文话题一致。故选C项。
19．根据上文“Internet shopping has made it too easy to buy new stuff at the click of a button. (网上购物使得点
击一个按钮就能买到新东西变得太容易了。)”，下文“First, it’ll clutter (凌乱地塞满) your house, then it’ll
clutter the planet. Setting up a library of things can encourage local people to share everything from tools to
instruments, cooking gadgets to toys. (首先，它会凌乱地塞满你的房子，然后它会塞满地球。建立一个物品
图书馆可以鼓励当地人分享一切，从工具到仪器，从烹饪用具到玩具。)”可知，网购很容易，网购的东
西，从工具到仪器，从烹饪用具到玩具，太多了，可以分享给他人，由此推出，空处应该谈及太多网购东
西的处置，故B项“But where is it all going to end up (但这一切会在哪里结束呢)”，与下文share everything
from tools to instruments, cooking gadgets to toys呼应，上下文衔接连贯，故选B项。
20．根据下文“That’s why more and more climate emergency centres are popping up in derelict (废弃地) shops
on high streets and in shopping centres. (这就是为什么越来越多的气候应急中心出现在商业街和购物中心的废
弃商店里。)”可知，设空处为导致越来越多的气候应急中心出现的原因。E项“The climate and nature crisis
isn’t going away (气候和自然危机并没有消失)”，与下文为因果关系，上下文衔接连贯。故选E项。
