文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．lotus n．莲花，荷花
2．termite n．白蚁
3．mound n．土堆，土丘
4．algae n．藻类(植物)
5．pine cone松果，松球
6．tile n．瓦片
7．mimic v．模仿
8．waterfront n．滨水地区
9．promenade n．滨海步行道
10．plumbing n．管道系统
11．biomimicry n．仿生学
12．dioxide n．二氧化物
13．convert v．使转变；使转换
14．frontier n．(学科的)知识前沿
15．pond n．池塘
16．bat n．蝙蝠
17．echo-location n．回声定位
18．radar n．雷达
19．swimsuit n．游泳衣
20．dragonfly n．蜻蜓
21．drone n．无人驾驶飞机
22．spider n．蜘蛛
23．superficially adv.表面(上)地24．cottage n．乡村小屋
25．deliberately adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地
26．lane n．(乡间的)小路
27．atop prep.在……顶上
28．mulberry n．桑葚；桑树
29．fulfilment n．满足(感)
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．superb adj.极好的，出色的
2．sow v．播(种)
3．physician n．医生
4．bow v．鞠躬
5．rural adj.农村的，乡村的
6．decent adj.可接受的，相当好的
7．domestic adj.驯养的；家养的
8．reluctant adj.不情愿的；勉强的
9．resign v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
10．botanical adj.植物(学)的
11．ease n．舒适，悠闲
12．attain v．得到，获得
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．architect n．建筑师→architecture n．建筑风格，建筑设计
2．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj.有智慧的，高明的→unwise adj.不明智的→wisely adv.明智
地
3．employ v．使用，运用→employer n．老板，雇主→employee n．员工→employment
n．雇用；工作；就业
4．withdraw v．退出→withdrawal n．收回；撤退
5．depressive adj.抑郁的→depress v．使抑郁→depressed adj.沮丧的→depression n．抑郁症；
沮丧；萧条期
6．depart v．离开→departure n．离开
7．purity n．纯洁；洁净→pure adj.纯洁的，纯净的→purify v．使纯净，净化
8．reject v．拒绝接受→rejection n．拒绝
9．evaluate v．评估，评价→evaluation n．评估
1．persistence /pə'sIstəns/ n．坚持；锲而不舍→persistent /pə'sIstənt/ adj.执着的；持续的
→persist /pə'sIst/ vi.& vt.坚持；执意2．take the plunge(尤指思考后的)果断行事；毅然决定
3．conclusively /kən'kluːsIvli/ adv.不容置疑地→conclusive /kən'kluːsIv/ adj.结论性的；不容
置疑的
4．bid /bId/ vt.(bid，bid)向(某人)问候(或道别等)；出价；投标
farewell /ˌfeə'wel/ n．告别；辞行
bid somebody farewell向某人道别
5．feasibility /ˌfiːzə'bIləti/ n．可行性
6．credibility /ˌkredə'bIləti/ n．可信性；可靠性
7．reinforce /ˌriːIn'fɔːs/ vt.加强；加深；加固
8．execute /'eksIkjuːt/ vt.执行；实施；处决→execution /ˌeksI'kjuːʃn/ n．执行；实施；处决
9．counsel /'kaʊnsl/ n．劝告；忠告；建议 vt.提供专业咨询；建议；劝告
10．give forth详述；发表(著作、意见等)；发出(香味、声音等)
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．take...for granted认为……理所当然
2．seek solutions to寻求解决办法
3．take inspiration from从……中获取灵感
4．at ease with不拘束，放松
5．convert...into (使)……转变为
6．respond to回应，响应
7．in return for 作为对……的回报
8．draw...from从……中得到……
9．be opposed to反对
10．withdraw from从……撤出/退出
11．in other words换句话说
12．resign oneself to听任/顺从/只好接受某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city
environment in which it sits.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)
这座建筑旨在展示自然和它所处的现代城市环境之间的联系。
2．Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature
documentary in which termites were constructing their nests.(状语从句的省略)
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发，从而设计了东
门大厦。
3．While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to，Thoreau’s
was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.(while连接并列句，表对比)陶渊明回归自然是对他反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人决定而改变自
己的生活方式。
4．We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts，as he describes in his
journals...(as引导定语从句)
我们应该和它们和谐相处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中所描述的那样……
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共11分)
1．frontier n． ( 学科的 ) 知识前沿
2．drone n．无人驾驶飞机
3．dioxide n．二氧化物
4．convert v．使转变；使转换
5．mimic v．模仿
6．radar n．雷达
7．algae n． 藻类 ( 植物 )
8．atop prep. 在 …… 顶上
9．deliberately adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地
10．cottage n．乡村小屋
11．fulfilment n． 满足 ( 感 )
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．superb adj.极好的，出色的
2．bow v．鞠躬
3．rural adj.农村的，乡村的
4．decent adj.可接受的，相当好的
5．domestic adj.驯养的；家养的
6．reluctant adj.不情愿的；勉强的
7．resign v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
8．botanical adj.植物(学)的
9．ease n．舒适，悠闲
10．attain v．得到，获得
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分)
1．depressive adj.抑郁的→depress v．使抑郁→depression n．抑郁症；沮丧；萧条期
2．depart v．离开→departure n．离开
3．purity n．纯洁；洁净→pure adj.纯洁的，纯净的→purify v．使纯净，净化4．reject v．拒绝接受→rejection n．拒绝
5．withdraw v．退出→withdrawal n．收回；撤退
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．take the plunge ( 尤指思考后的 ) 果断行事；毅然决定
2．bid somebody farewell向某人道别
3．reinforce vt.加强；加深；加固
4．counsel n．劝告；忠告；建议 vt.提供专业咨询；建议；劝告
5．give forth 详述；发表 ( 著作、意见等 ) ；发出 ( 香味、声音等 )
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2.5分，共15分)
1．convert...into (使)……转变为
2．draw...from 从……中得到……
3．withdraw from 从……撤出/退出
4．resign oneself to 听任/顺从/只好接受某事
5．take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感
6．at ease with 不拘束，放松
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共8分)
1．Once an employer employs some workers，he or she should pay on time for what the
employees do.(employ)
2．In reality，he is a man of much wisdom and in a way he is quite like his father who always
uses time wisely.(wise)
3 ． The building designed by an outstanding Chinese architect is famous for its unique
architecture.(architect)
4．We need to evaluate ourselves，our values，our strengths and so on because objective
evaluation will benefit us.(evaluate)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．I have tried very hard to seek solutions to the problem，but in vain.
2．Don’t take for granted what others do for you. You should be grateful.
3．Don’t respond to any e-mails requesting personal information，no matter how official they
look.
4．They have to pay taxes in their home country in return for the services provided by the
government.
5．Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard—in other words，you
failed.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)
1．正如上面提到的，敬老院里的老年人也需要温暖和关爱。(as引导定语从句)
As is mentioned above，the elderly people in the nursing home are also in need of warmth and
care.
2．蹦极是一项惊险的运动，在这项运动中，勇气比力量更重要。(“介词＋关系代词”引导
定语从句)
Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport，in which courage matters more than strength.
3．那就是为什么她的哥哥身材很棒而她有一点胖。(while连接并列句)
That is why her brother has a good build while she is a bit fat.
4．当解决一个设计问题时，有时你可以从自然中寻找解决方案。(状语从句的省略)
While solving a design problem，you can sometimes look to nature for a solution.
We are used to nature’s beauty that we always take for granted.Actually ， many
1.architects(architect) take inspiration from nature to make designs for architecture.And we
regard this activity as biomimicry 2.which/that employs the connection between nature and
human beings’ art and science to create structures 3.mimicking(mimic) natural forms and
processes.Among them the Algae House is 4.a superb example 5.covered(cover) in panels
containing algae.Feeding the algae with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide can encourage them
6.to grow(grow)．In addition 7.to this，in some rural areas，nature’s beauty can also be
breathtaking.Walking on the lanes at ease 8.enables(enable) people to attain a sense of
fulfilment.At the same time，people’s souls can 9.be purified(purity)．Fortunately，nowadays
the government tries to seek solutions to the preservation of the precious 10.original(origin)
ecology.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
employ v．雇用；利用(时间、精力等)；使用，运用 (employment n．雇用；工作；就
业 employer n．雇主，老板 employee n．雇工，雇员)
·employ sb to do...雇用某人做……
employ...as...雇用……当……
从事于……，忙于……
·out of employment失业
(1)The employer of the company is trying to create a better atmosphere where his
employees(employ) feel a sense of fulfilment.
(2)I was employed to seek (seek) solutions to an unexpected accident and I would do whatever Icould to take on the job.
(3)(应用文写作之祝贺信)得知你被聘为一所农村学校的助教，我写信向你致以诚挚的祝贺。
在我看来，你工作再怎么努力都不为过，否则你就会失业。
Learning that you are employed as a teaching assistant in a rural school，I am writing to send
my sincere congratulations to you.In my opinion，you can’t work hard enough；otherwise you
would be out of employment.
(4)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我每天忙着准备写作比赛，抽不出时间来玩。
①I employed myself in/was employed in preparing for the writing competition on a daily basis
and I couldn’t spare any time to play around.
②Employing myself in/Employed in preparing for the writing competition on a daily basis，I
couldn’t spare any time to play around.(用分词短语作状语改写)
resign vt.& vi.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任；顺从；安于 (resignation n．辞职；
辞职信；顺从)
resign from从……辞职
resign as...辞去当……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth听任/接受(做)某事
(1)Mr Morgan，a famous physician，has offered his resignation(resign) and it has been accepted.
(2)Two members have resigned from the board in protest and are said to depart from the
company.
(3)You have no choice but to resign yourselves to waiting(wait) a bit longer.
(4)为了照顾生病的母亲，玛丽决定辞去公司经理一职。
In order to look after her sick mother，Mary decided to resign her position as a manager/resign as
manager in the company.
ease n．容易；舒适；自在 vt.& vi.减轻；缓解；使安心；(使)宽慰
with ease容易地；不费力地
at ease with 放松；不拘束
put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在
(1)Young as he is，the little actor can be at ease with the stars who work with him.
(2)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫开始时又害怕又紧张，但我的鼓励的话语使他放松下来，
他抬起头朝起跑线走去。
David was frightened and nervous at the beginning but my encouraging words put/set him at ease
and he headed for the starting line with his head raised.(3)(话题写作之语言学习)如果你每天坚持用英语写日记，你会很容易提高你的写作水平。
①If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day，you can improve your writing skills with
ease.
② Insist on keeping diaries in English every day ， and you can improve your writing skills with
ease.(用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”改写)
take...for granted 认为……理所当然
take...seriously认真对待……
take one’s time不用急；慢慢来
take pride in以……为豪
take charge of负责，掌管
take advantage of利用
(1)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)我们总是理所当然地认为海洋可以提供给我们无穷无尽的资源，
因此我们过度开发海洋。
We always take it for granted that oceans can provide us with limitless resources ，so we
overdevelop our oceans.
(2)上个月负责演讲活动时，我认真对待这件事。我充分利用每个向同学征求意见的机会，
因此我完美地组织了这次活动。我的所有同学都以我为荣。
When I took charge of the speech activity last month，I took it seriously.I took advantage of
every chance to ask my classmates for their opinions so that I organized the activity perfectly.All of
my classmates took pride in me.
respond to 响应；对……作出反应；回答 (respond vi.反应；回复，回答 response n．
回答；反应)
in response to作为……的回应
make (no) response to...对……给予/不予回答
(1)他故意不回答我的问题，这气得我鼻孔冒烟。
He didn ’ t respond to/didn ’ t make response to/made no response to my question on purpose ，
which made my nostrils smoke.
(2)(2023·北京，书面表达)应您上一封信的要求，我写信与您分享我对如何建设“绿色北
京”的看法。
In response to your request in your last letter，I am writing to share my ideas with you on how to
build a “Green Beijing”．while用作并列连词 While Tao’s return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was
opposed to，Thoreau’s was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.陶渊明回归自
然是对他反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人决定而改变自己的生活方式。
while用法较多，既可用作连词，也可用作名词：
·表示“在……期间；当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句；
·表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句；
·表示“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句；
·表示“而；却”，是并列连词，构成并列句；
·用作名词，表示“一会儿；一段时间”，如：after a while过了一会儿；once in a while偶
尔，间或。
(1)写出下列句子中while的汉语意思
①The boss insisted that the plan be carried out at once，while some of managers rejected the
plan.而，却
②As we all know，while there is life，there is hope.只要
③While I was looking through the news online，up came a video of a lovely bear. 当 …… 的时候
(2)(读后续写之升华句)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱指引自己。
While we can ’ t predict what will happen in the future ， we can guide ourselves with
determination and love.
(3)参观这次展览时，我们不仅可以欣赏民间艺术品，还可以学到很多东西。
While visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk artworks but also learn a lot.(状语从
句的省略)
用法点拨 ①while表示“虽然；尽管”时，不和连词but连用。
②while还引导省略结构，后直接跟现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词或介词短语等。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．withdraw
(1)Government troops were ordered to withdraw. B
(2)The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects. A
(3)(2021·天津)Henry David Thoreau was happy to withdraw from social life，seeking a
harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. C
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思(1)This new drug should help ease the pain.减轻，缓解
(2)The President’s speech covered a range of foreign and domestic issues.国内的
(3)(2023·全国甲)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the
ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.使用，运用
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．There’s no doubt that your suggestion would got rejected (reject) because it was quite
impractical.
2．He takes it for granted that his assistant should lend money to him.
3．One of my clients is always helping people without expecting anything in return.
4．It’s typical of him to respond to others’ requests in spite of his own business.
5．It is demanded that you shouldn’t withdraw money from your bank account if you don’t
have a password.
6．I reckon that he is reluctant to put(put) his thoughts into words，so don’t force him.
7．While cycling(cycle) on the street，I saw an old man lying on the ground and I came to his aid
without hesitation.
8．I have the capacity to analyse and handle unexpected incidents with ease，so please take
my application into consideration.
假如你是李华，请你以“Man and Nature”为主题写一篇短文参加英文报Youth的有奖征文
比赛，内容如下：
1.人类从诞生之日起，为了满足自身需要，不断从自然界获取灵感，寻求解决问题的办
法。
2.人们向蝙蝠学习制造雷达，向池塘中的蜻蜓学习改善飞机的飞行性能。
3.大自然是人类出色的老师，然而有些人反对向自然界学习，认为这些发明创造是理所
当然的。
4.人类应和大自然和谐相处，作为回报，它会带给我们巨大的利益。
5.虽然人类主宰了这个世界，但我们不能违背自然规律，否则我们会受到大自然的惩
罚。
完成句子
1．从出生的那一天起，人类就忙着从大自然中汲取灵感，寻求解决问题的办法。(be
employed in)
2．人们利用蝙蝠的特性来制造雷达，利用池塘里蜻蜓的特性来提高飞机的飞行性能。(take
advantage of)3．大自然是人类极好的老师，然而有些人反对向大自然学习，把这些发明和创造视为理所
当然。(while；take...for granted)
4．人类应该与自然和谐相处，作为回报，它将给我们带来巨大的利益。(in return)
5．在人类主宰世界的同时，我们不应该违背自然规律，否则我们只好接受自然的控制。
(while)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
Man and Nature
From the day of birth，human beings are employed in taking inspiration from nature and
seeking solutions to problems.For example，people took advantage of the characteristics of bats to
make radars and of dragonflies in ponds to improve the flight performance of airplanes.
Nature is a superb teacher for human beings while some people are opposed to learning from
nature and take these inventions and creations for granted.In my opinion，human beings should
live in harmony with nature and in return it will bring us great benefits.While human beings
dominate the world，we should not violate the laws of nature；otherwise we will resign ourselves
to nature’s control.
教材语料整合
[动作描写] mimic；sow；seek solutions to；take inspiration from；
亮词 employ；bow；withdraw；depart；reject；ease；attain
[人物描写] physician；decent；deliberately；depressive；reluctant
1.Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly
captures the beauty of natural forms.(情感描写)
美句
2．Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a
harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.(情感描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：说话ask问 answer/reply/respond 回答 announce/declare 宣布 add补充说 whisper
单 小声说 murmur/mutter 喃喃地说 sigh 叹息道 cry喊 shout 大叫 scream 尖
词 叫 roar 大声说，吼叫 blurt 脱口而出 exclaim 大声说，惊叫 gasp 喘着气说
snap 厉声说 mumble 咕哝
“You stole something.You will be searched，” he announced.“你偷了东西。你将
被搜身，”他郑重地说。
I whispered，with my voice trembling，“It isn’t me.” 我低声说，声音颤抖着，
“不是我。”
句
He sighed，“Tell your parents about your wrongdoing，” adding that I could leave.
型
(现在分词短语作状语)他叹了口气说：“告诉你的父母你做错了什么。”还说我可
以走了。
He approached me，snapped and it seemed as if he would eat me up in one gulp.他走近
我，厉声说话，好像要把我一口吞下去。
语料运用 艺术灵感
Having played the qin for three years，Boya couldn’t master the mystery of music，
①sighing，“Perhaps I will withdraw.” Sensing his depression，Boya’s teacher Cheng Lian
blurted，“Let’s visit my teacher on Penglai Mountain in the East China Sea，” ②adding that
he would benefit a lot(现在分词短语作状语)．Boya responded willingly to his teacher’s offer
and departed for the destination.On reaching the mountain，③gasping with tiredness(现在分词短
语作状语)，Cheng Lian announced that Boya could practise playing the qin by himself.Attracted
by the breathtaking scenery，Boya ④exclaimed/shouted/cried in excitement，“How splendid
the scenery is！” With inspiration welling up in his heart，he sat on the ground，creating the
famous composition—High Mountains and Running Water.Boya ⑤ held his teacher ’ s hands
and murmured/muttered，“We can take inspiration from nature.”
伯牙弹了三年琴，还是不能掌握音乐的奥秘，叹道：“也许我该撤退了。”伯牙的老师
成连察觉到他的沮丧，脱口而出：“我们去东海蓬莱山拜访我的老师吧。”并补充说他会受
益匪浅。伯牙欣然接受了老师的建议，出发前往目的地。到了山上，成连累得喘不过气来，
他宣布伯牙可以自己练习琴了。伯牙被这壮丽的景色所吸引，激动地叫道：“这景色多美
啊！”灵感涌上心头，他坐在地上，创作了那首著名的曲子《高山流水》。伯牙握住老师的
手，喃喃地说：“我们可以从大自然中获得灵感。”
高考题型组合练 35
提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关
Ⅰ.阅读理解A(★)
John “Charlie” Veron—widely known as “the Godfather of Coral Reef(珊瑚礁)”—is a
celebrated expert who has personally discovered nearly a quarter of the world’s coral species and
has spent the past 45 years diving Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.But now the 73-year-old is
raising the alarm about its future.The Great Barrier Reef，one of the natural wonders，is 2,300
kilometers long and is the only living organism that can be seen from space.It is considered a World
Treasure Site due to its biodiversity(生物多样性) with 30 species of whales，dolphins and
sharks.Within the reef itself，there are also a number of tiny organisms and fishes.
However，its health is threatened.After the recent mass bleaching(白化) events，Veron dived
in many areas of the Great Barrier Reef to see the damage for himself.“I was seeing and feeling it
and it was absolutely shocking，” he says.
Veron says the mass bleaching events in the past few years—and the possibility of losing one
of nature’s greatest treasures—were a wake-up call for the world in the wider battle against
climate change，which，together with the rising sea temperature，is considered the greatest
threats to the reef.
Fortunately，earlier this year，the Australian government announced nearly 400 million
dollars in new funding towards scientific projects designed to help the reef.
There has been criticism in Australia about the slow process for the funding.“It won’t be
wasted，though，” Veron says.“As scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank to
protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef.What the scientists hope to
do is to help nature along a bit after the big carbon dioxide increase is over and it starts to come
down.”
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了作为宝地的大堡礁正在面临消亡的危险。
1．Why is the Great Barrier Reef considered a treasure site?
A．It is a natural wonder.
B．It can be seen from space.
C．It has a rich variety of species.
D．It is home to a great many fishes.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is considered a World Treasure Site due to its
biodiversity(生物多样性) with 30 species of whales，dolphins and sharks.”可知，大堡礁被认
为是一块宝地是因为其自身的生物多样性。故选C。
2．What’s Veron’s attitude to the future of the reef according to the last paragraph?
A．Uncaring. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncertain. D．Positive.
答案 D解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“As scientists will be able to create a sort of seed bank
to protect the species until the climate is good enough to rebuild the reef...”可知，对于大堡礁的
未来Veron持积极乐观的态度。故选D。
3．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．Climate change is threatening biodiversity.
B．The Great Barrier Reef is in danger of extinction.
C．Scientists have found major factors in the reef’s bleaching.
D．Veron has made great contributions to environmental protection.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了大堡礁因为其生物多样性被认为是一块宝地；第二、
三段讲述了大堡礁正在受到威胁；第四、五段介绍了澳大利亚政府为了帮助大堡礁所做的努
力以及专家Veron所持的观点态度。由此可知，本文主要介绍了大堡礁正在面临消亡的危险，
故选B。
4．What is the text?
A．A news report.
B．A travel guide.
C．A research plan.
D．A journal entry.
答案 A
解析 文章类型题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了大堡礁作为宝地的原因、正在受到威胁
的现状以及政府和专家对此现象所持的态度。由此可推知，本文属于新闻报道，故选A。
B(★)
“Towards thee I roll，thou all-destroying but unconquering whale; to the last I grapple with
thee; from hell’s heart I stab at thee; for hate’s sake I spit my last breath at thee.” Captain
Ahab’s dying declaration of defiance(抗争) is among the most famous passages in Herman
Melville’s novel.
In reality，such victories of the hunted over the hunter were a fantasy in the cruel world of
industrial whaling.The biggest cetacean of them all，the blue whale，had all but disappeared from
the Southern Ocean(南冰洋) by the time a ban on hunting it was introduced in 1967.
Sightings of the largest mammal ever to live on the earth had been rare in the region since
then.Not any more.A survey of coastal waters around the island of South Georgia in the sub-
Antarctic has had remarkable results.
In just over three weeks，in the krill-rich waters of what was once their main feeding
ground，the movements of 55 Antarctic blues were recorded by the British Antarctic Survey.The
finding was described as “truly，truly amazing” by one cetacean specialist.It suggests that
when a comprehensive audit(审计)，due in 2021，is carried out，there is a good chance that thespecies will prove to be in full recovery mode，as are humpbacks and other whales in the southern
hemisphere.
In 2017，the Natural History Museum established a 25m skeleton(骨架) of a blue whale and
named it Hope，intending to inspire new generations to build a sustainable future.
The return of the world’s most splendid ocean travellers to southern waters should serve as
an example for wider possibilities of conservation.Ecological wrongs can be righted，or at least
mitigated，with sufficient will and organisations.
The more general comeback of the whale—for which environmental campaigners should take
a great deal of credit—can be an inspiration for victories yet to be won.It could also act as an added
motivation to action on the climate emergency.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了经过人类多年的努力，蓝鲸正在逐步回归海
洋。
5．What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning the famous passage in Herman Melville’s
novel?
A．To describe a hunter’s bravery.
B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To stress the popularity of the novel.
D．To offer information about whale hunting.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段末句以及第二段首句可知，小说中猎物的胜利令人激动，而
现实中鲸鱼被工业化捕杀迫害严重，由此可推知，作者提到赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的小说中的这
一桥段是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选B。
6．Why was a 25m skeleton of a blue whale named Hope?
A．To attract tourists to visit the museum.
B．To show the unkindness of whale hunters.
C．To motivate humans to live harmoniously with nature.
D．To call on people to pay attention to the blue whales’ habitat.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段可知，一具25米长的蓝鲸骨架被命名为“希望”是为了激
励人类与自然和谐相处，建设可持续发展的未来。故选C。
7．What does the underlined word “mitigated” in paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Developed. B．Promoted.
C．Reduced. D．Solved.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Ecological wrongs can be righted，or at least”以及后
文“with sufficient will and organisations”可知，只要有足够的意愿和组织，生态错误是可以被纠正的，或者至少是可以减轻的。由此推断画线词“mitigated”意为“减少”，与
reduced同义，故选C。
8．What’s the best title of the text?
A．The Blue Whales’ Comeback
B．The Cruelty of Industrial Whaling
C．The Importance of Protecting Whales
D．The Sustainable Development of the Antarctic Area
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第四段和最后一段可知，文章主要介绍了经过多年的努
力，蓝鲸正在逐步回归海洋，这也激励人类继续保护环境。A选项“蓝鲸的回归”为本文最
佳标题。故选A。
C
Quantum theory(量子理论) is perhaps the most successful scientific idea ever.Yet，a century
after its birth，something remains deeply puzzling about quantum theory.It does not tell us how
physical systems behave.Instead，it treats any physical system as a black box：if you do this to it
now，it will react like that later.What happens in between？The theory simply doesn’t tell us.
An idea has recently begun to catch on.Perhaps there is no need to make anything up about
what lies behind quantum theory.Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of reality，
where a property is no more than something that affects something else.Perhaps this is precisely
what “properties” are：the effects of interactions.
Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup.Its being blue is not a property of the cup
alone：colors happen in our brain as a result of the certain biological structure of our eyes and as a
consequence of the interactions between daylight and the cup’s surface.Its being “a teacup”
refers to its potential function as a drinking container：for an alien who doesn’t know about
drinking tea，the very concept of a teacup is meaningless.As quantum theory shows：they are
defined by their physical interactions with the rest of the world.
Then，it comes with a lesson.We understand reality better if we think of it in terms of
interactions，not individuals.This is why，in classic game theory，the winners in the long run are
those who cooperate.Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an individual’s fortunes.It
misunderstands the true nature of reality，and is ultimately self-defeating，which leads to
unimaginable consequence and prevents us from addressing challenges that all humankind faces as
a whole.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了量子理论向我们揭示了现实的深层结构以及相
互作用的影响。
9．What possibly does quantum theory tell according to the text?
A．How physical systems behave.B．How to treat physical systems.
C．What effects one has on itself.
D．What the structure of reality is.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Perhaps it really does reveal to us the deep structure of
reality，where a property is no more than something that affects something else.”可知，量子理
论可能告诉我们现实的结构是什么。故选D。
10．How does the author explain “the effects of interactions”？
A．By giving an example.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By quoting a scientist.
D．By conducting a survey.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段“Think of a simple object such as a blue teacup...”可推知，
作者通过举例子解释“相互作用的影响”。故选A。
11．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The consequence we bear.
B．The theory in classic games.
C．The fortune individuals have.
D．The way to measure success.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Too foolishly we measure success in terms of an
individual’s fortunes.”以及后文“misunderstands the true nature of reality，and is ultimately
self-defeating，which leads to unimaginable consequence”可知，用个人的财富来衡量成功太
愚蠢了，它误解了现实的本质，最终会弄巧成拙，导致难以想象的后果。故 It指的是上文
提到的衡量成功的方法。故选D。
12．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To clarify a physics theory.
B．To draw attention to interactions.
C．To challenge a popular idea.
D．To present reflections on games.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。根据最后一段中“Then，it comes with a lesson.We understand reality
better if we think of it in terms of interactions，not individuals.”可推知，文章的主要目的是引
导人们关注相互作用。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五(★)
Desertification，the process by which fertile (肥沃的) land becomes desert，has severe
impacts on food production and is worsened by climate change. 1
Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000-kilometre-long forest across 11 of
the continent’s countries.The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight
climate change. 2 They include limited political support ， lack of money ， weak
organizational structures ， and not enough consideration for the environment.Just 4 million
hectares(公顷) of land have been turned into forest since work on the Green Wall began 15 years
ago. 3
First proposed in 2005，the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean
in western Africa to Eritrea，Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east. 4 It could also reduce levels of
climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide
from the air.Several countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
5 Eritrea，Ethiopia，and Sudan have all expanded their efforts.Ethiopia is producing
5.5 billion seedlings leading to thousands of hectares of restored land.Efforts in Eritrea and Sudan
have also resulted in nearly 140,000 hectares of newly planted forest.The UN desertification
agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal
of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A．But the project faces many problems.
B．That is only 4 percent of the programme’s goal.
C．A quarter of Africa is under threat of food shortage.
D．However，it is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall.
E．Some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.
F．Supporters hope that the project will create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
G．The UN says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification，worse than any
other continent.
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了非洲绿色长城项目的进展情况。
1．答案 G
解析 上文介绍了荒漠化的影响；下文介绍了遏制非洲的荒漠化进程的项目；G项(联合国
说，非洲有多达45%的土地受到荒漠化的影响，比其他任何大陆都严重。)起到承前启后的
作用，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
2．答案 A
解析 上文提到该项目旨在遏制撒哈拉沙漠的扩张并应对气候变化，下文列举的是该项目面
临的困难，设空处与上文为转折关系，A项(但该项目面临许多问题。)符合语境，下文的
They指代A项中的many problems。上下文衔接连贯，故选A项。
3．答案 B解析 上文提到该项目进展缓慢，B项(这仅仅是该计划目标的4%。)顺接上文，上文中的
Just和B项中的only的运用，表明该项目的进展实在太缓慢了，没有达到预想的速度。故选
B项。
4．答案 F
解析 根据上下文可知，此处陈述了该项目的好处，F项 (支持者希望该项目将在非洲农村
地区创造数百万的绿色就业机会。)承接上文，下文的It指代F项中的the project，副词also
的运用表明下文与F项为并列关系，故选F项。
5．答案 E
解析 根据下文可知，此处介绍了该项目在某些国家中的进展情况。E项(近年来，非洲大
陆东部取得了一些进展。)引出下文，符合语境，故选E项。
