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专题 02 情态动词（should，could）和反身代词
情态动词
一、should的用法
情态动词should意为“应当；应该”，后接动词 原形 ，没有人称和数的变化，否定
形式为 shouldn ’ t 。
1、should的句式结构
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语+ should +动词原形+其他 We should help the people in trouble.
否定句 主语+ shouldn’t +动词原形+其他 They shouldn’t eat too much.
特殊疑问 特殊疑问词+ should +主语+动词原形 Where should we meet?
句 +其他？
Should +主语+动词原形+其他？ —It’s too cold. Should I close the
window?
一般疑问 肯定回 Yes, 主语+ should. —Yes, you should.
句 答
否定回 No, 主语+shouldn’t. —No, you shouldn’t.
答
2、should的基本用法及示例
用法 示例
表示劝告、建议 You should answer the question in English.你应该用英语回答这个
问题。
表示义务、责任 Children should do their homework by themselves.孩子们应该独自
做作业。
表示推断、判断 They should be at home now, I think.我认为，他们现在应该在
家。
表示惊讶、赞叹、不满 How should I know?我怎么会知道？
等二、could的用法
情态动词could构成的句型用于向对方委婉地提出请求或征求对方的许可，它本身不能做
谓语，必须和不带to的动词原形一起构成谓语。
1、基本用法
（1）could用于第一人称，表示希望得到对方的许可。
句型Could I...？意为“我可以做.…...吗？”，用于请求对方允许自已做某事，此时 could 不
是can的过去式。
肯定回答：Yes, you can./Yes, please./Yes, sure./Certainly.
否定回答：No, you can’t./Sorry, you can’t./No, I’m afraid you can’t.。
—Could I smoke here, please？请问我能在这里抽烟吗？
一Yes, you can.是的，你能。
—Could I go to the movies with my friend tomorrow, Mum？妈妈，我明天可以和朋友去看电影
吗？
—No, you can’t. You should take your piano lesson.不，不行。你要上钢琴课。
（2）could用于第二人称，表示委婉地提出请求。
句型Could you（please）do...？意为“（请）你做..….好吗？”，用于提出要求或请求，其否
定形式为Could you please not...？
肯定回答：Yes, sure/of course.（是的，当然可以）。
No problem.没问题。
With pleasure.乐意帮忙。
Sure/Of course/Certainly, I can.当然可以。
否定回答：Certainly not, 当然不。
Sorry, I can’t. I have to...对不起，我不能。我得...…
Sorry, I’m going to...对不起，我将要...…
I’m afraid I can’t. I have to...我恐怕不能。我得..….
I’m afraid not.恐怕不行。
—Could you please go hiking with me tomorrow？明天你能和我—起去徒步吗？
—Sorry, I can’t. have to study for a test.对不起，我不能。我得为考试而学习。
2、特殊用法（1）表示请求允许，即请求别人允许自己做某事，could和can都可以用，但could语气更委
婉。
Could/Can I go？我可以去吗？
（2）表示给予允许，即自己允许别人做某事，一般只用can，而不能用could.
—Could I use your dictionary？我可以用你的词典吗？
—Yes, of course you can.当然可以。
基础训练
1．To make our dream come true, we ________ rest on what we have done.
A．may not B．should not C．need not D．could not
2．—Mum, do you think I _________ take part in the Chemistry competition?
— Why not? If I were in your shoes, I certainly would.
A．might B．would C．should D．must
3．—I’m worried about my school grades.
—Maybe you ________ play too many computer games.
A．should B．shouldn’t C．could D．can
4．The school rule is that we ________ talk with anyone loudly in the library.
A．wouldn’t B．would
C．should D．shouldn’t
5．All of us ________ listen to the teachers carefully in class.
A．should B．shouldn’t
C．can D．can’t
6．People ________ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.
A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．must D．can
7．We ________ try our best to fight against pollution.
A．should B．may C．mustn’t D．needn’t
8．David ____ a stomachache. So he ____ eat anything 24 hours.
A．has, should B．has , should’t C．have, shouldn’t D．has, shouldn’t
9．I can’t sleep, so I _____ listen to quiet music, and I ______ listen to exciting music.
A．should; should B．shouldn’t; shouldn’t
C．should; shouldn’t D．can; don’t
10．—I don’t care what my teachers think．—Well，you________．
A．could B．would C．should D．might
11．—________ I wear jeans to the meeting?
—Of course not. Jeans are not suitable for the formal event.
A．Need B．Could C．Will D．Should
12．—Could you please buy some drinks and snacks?
—________. I don’t have any money.
A．No, I couldn’t B．Sorry, I can’t C．Yes, sure D．No way
13．—______ you send (邮寄) the letter for me?
—OK.
A．Could B．Must C．May D．Should
14．—Excuse me, ________ you please tell me where I can post a letter?
—________. Turn left. There is a post office on Fifth Road.
A．could; Sure B．could; Sorry C．will; Sounds great D．will; Good idea
15．—David, _________ you please sweep the floor and take out the rubbish?
—OK, I am coming.
A．could B．should C．do D．will
16．The boy ________ ride a horse when he was eight years old.
A．must B．could C．would D．may
17．—________ you please help me look for my English book? I can’t find it anywhere.
—With pleasure.
A．Should B．Must
C．Might D．Could
18．—________ people talk with friends by QQ twenty years ago?
—No, but today most of us ________ do that.
A．Can; could B．Could; can C．Could; could D．Could; can’t
19．—Excuse me. _______ I sit here?
—You’d better not. It’s the man’s seat.
A．Must B．Need C．Could D．Should
20．— I take the magazine out of the reading room?
— I’m sorry you .
A．Could; couldn’t B．Must; couldn’t C．Will; can’t D．May; can’t
提升训练
1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）You ________ eat too much food before you go to bed, or it’s bad for you.
A．can B．could C．shouldn’t D．would2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Shh… ! This is a library. You ________ keep your voice down.
A．can B．can’t C．should D．shouldn’t
3．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We ________ learn to protect ourselves.
A．might B．should C．could D．would
4．（2023·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
A．might B．would C．could D．should
5．（2023·湖北黄石·中考真题）Young Chinese people ________ keep the motherland at heart, aim high, and
have their feet firmly on the ground.
A．should B．can C．may D．need
6．（23-24八年级下·山东滨州·期中）—I have a bad cold.
—You ________ lie down and have a good rest.
A．should B．may C．will D．can
7．（23-24八年级下·江西南昌·期中）—Mom, I didn’t sleep well last night and I’m so tired now.
—Oh, my poor baby, you ________ stay up late to play with your new mobile phone.
A．wouldn’t B．needn’t C．shouldn’t D．can’t
8．（23-24八年级下·安徽池州·期中）—James ate much and he has a stomachache now.
—I think he ________ lie down and have a rest.
A．should B．may C．will D．might
9．（23-24八年级下·山东滨州·期中）People ________ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.
A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．don’t have to D．can
10．（23-24八年级下·云南普洱·期末）—________ you please not throw rubbish everywhere?
—Sorry, I’ll pick it up.
A．Could B．Need C．Should D．Must
11．（23-24八年级下·安徽阜阳·期末）—Could you please help me make my bed?
—I’m afraid I ________ . You ________ do it on your own.
A．could; may B．couldn’t; should C．can’t; should D．can’t; may
12．（23-24八年级下·甘肃张掖·期末）—Lily, ________ you give me a hand? I can’t carry the heavy box by
myself.
—Sure, let me help you.
A．could B．must C．should D．need
13．（23-24八年级下·江西抚州·期末）—________ I use your dictionary, Lisa?
—Wait a minute, please. I’m using it now.
A．Must B．Need C．Should D．Could
14．（23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—________you help me carry the heavy box?—With pleasure.
A．Must B．Should C．Could D．Need
15．（23-24八年级下·辽宁丹东·期末）—Could I go out for dinner with my friends, mum?
—________ You have so much homework to do.
A．Yes, sure. B．Sorry, you can’t. C．Why not? D．No, you couldn’t.
16．（23-24八年级下·陕西商洛·期末）My brother Steven is a smart boy. He ________ read when he was five.
A．must B．should C．could D．might
17．（23-24八年级下·吉林长春·期末）—Mom, could I go out with my friend on Sunday?
—________
A．No, you don’t. B．Yes, you could. C．Yes, you can. D．No, you couldn’t.
18．（23-24八年级下·山东菏泽·期中）—Mum, ________ I go shopping with you?
—Yes, you ________. But you have to finish your homework first.
A．could; can B．could; could C．must; can D．must; could
19．（23-24八年级下·甘肃庆阳·期末）—What ________ I do when my parents don’t agree with me?
—You ________ talk with them and let them know your thoughts.
A．should; can B．could; shouldn’t C．can; can’t D．needn’t; should
20．（23-24八年级下·云南昭通·期末）—I heard Jack got a fine because he drove so fast yesterday.
—Yes. He ________ obey the traffic rules all the time.
A．should B．can C．may D．shall
反身代词
1.含义及构成
表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。它们由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词
或第三人称的宾格形式 , 在词尾加 -self 或 -selves 构成 。反身代词常译为“………本人，……自
己”。
类别 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself我自己 yourself你自己 himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己
复数 ourselves 我 们 自 yourselves你们自己 themselves 他们/她们/它们自己
己
2.用法
反身代词与它所指的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称和数上保持一致。(1)作宾语
反身代词常在 teach,enjoy,help, hurt, look after 等后作宾语。
The boy is old enough to look after himself.这个男孩足够大，可以照顾自己了。
(2)作同位语
反身代词常用作主语或宾语的同位语 , 用来加强语气。
Miss Green herself is a nurse.格林小姐本人就是一位护士。
You should go and ask Tom himself.你应该去问一下汤姆本人。
(3)作表语
反身代词可放在 be,feel,seem,look 等连系动词后作表语 ,用来描述身体或精神等方面的感觉或
状态。
Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。
3.含有反身代词的常用短语
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
hurt/cut oneself伤/割着自己
by oneself独自,单独
believe in oneself相信自己
help oneself to... 随便吃/喝……
teach oneself.../learn...by oneself自学…
lose oneself in 迷恋,沉醉于
基础训练
1．—Your sister’s English is very good. Who taught her?
—Nobody. She learned it by ________.
A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself
2．—Where did you get this sky lantern?
—I made it by ________.
A．herself B．itself C．myself D．yourself
3．The summer camp was really wonderful, and Lisa enjoyed ________.
A．yourself B．himselfC．myself D．herself
4．Doing Taichi (太极) can help people improve _________ in health.
A．myself B．itself C．ourselves D．themselves
5．Nobody taught my grandma how to use WeChat. She learned it all by ______.
A．somebody B．anybody C．himself D．herself
6．Students can not only learn from their teachers but also learn by ________ during online courses.
A．they B．them C．themselves D．their
7．Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches __________.
A．her B．herself C．she D．hers
8．When I face difficulties, I always say to _________, “Never give up!”
A．me B．my C．mine D．myself
9．Tai chi, part of Chinese culture, is an exercise which helps people improve ________ in health.
A．themselves B．ourselves C．itself D．myself
10．She had to look after ______ because her mother was too busy to stay with ______.
A．herself; her B．her; herself C．her; her D．herself, herself
提升训练
1．（23-24八年级下·安徽淮北·期末）Life ________ is like a box of chocolate, and you never know what you
are going to get until you open it.
A．it B．itself C．it’s D．its
2．（23-24八年级下·安徽宿州·期末）—How amazing this robot is! It can clean the floor by ____________!
—Yeah. It can receive the order through the phone.
A．yourself B．herself C．himself D．itself
3．（23-24八年级下·河北邢台·期末）Nowadays, the sweeping robot can start cleaning by ______ because
people can control it on their phone.
A．herself B．itself C．yourself D．himself
4．（23-24八年级下·辽宁丹东·期末）They went deep into the mountains to study kungfu and made ________
strong.
A．them B．they C．their D．themselves
5．（23-24八年级下·湖北孝感·期中）—Where’s Lucy? I didn’t see her today.
—Oh, she hurt ________ when she rode to school this morning. She went to a doctor.
A．her B．herself C．him D．himself
6．（23-24八年级下·江西宜春·期末）—Doctor, do I need to take any medicine?
—No. It’s not serious. Just drink enough water. Your body will fight the virus(病毒) ________.
A．itself B．herself C．himself D．myself
7．（23-24八年级下·安徽阜阳·期末）—I will have a tennis game tomorrow. I’m a little nervous.—Believe in ________. You are the best in our school.
A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself
8．（23-24八年级下·河北张家口·期末）The girl is old enough to look after ________.
A．her B．herself C．hers D．yourself
9．（23-24八年级下·山东滨州·期末）—How is your new job, Sandy?
—Great. The work ________ is easy.
A．himself B．itself C．ourselves D．themselves
10．（23-24八年级下·广东深圳·期末）Boys, don’t lose ________ in playing games. It is bad for your eyes to
stare at the screen for a long time.
A．yourselves B．yourself C．themselves D．ourself
11．（23-24八年级下·北京东城·期末）Betty isn’t confident. She doesn’t always feel sure of ________.
A．she B．her C．herself D．hers
12．（23-24八年级下·河北保定·期末）My boy, you should make your bed by ________.
A．myself B．yourself C．itself D．herself
13．（23-24八年级下·江西南昌·期末）The rabbit can see behind ________ without turning its head. That’s
because its eye are on the sides of its head.
A．yourself B．itself C．ourselves D．themselves
14．（23-24八年级下·上海杨浦·期末）Let’s paint the house ______. It will be much cheaper.
A．us B．our C．ourselves D．ours
15．（23-24八年级下·上海金山·期末）David is happy because his little daughter can brush her teeth _______.
A．she B．hers C．her D．herself
16．（22-23八年级下·安徽池州·期末）When times are difficult, tell ________ that pain is part of growing.
A．yourself B．you C．your D．yours
17．（23-24八年级下·吉林松原·期中）Jenny is growing fast. She is old enough to dress ______ now.
A．her B．herself C．him D．himself
18．（23-24八年级下·安徽淮南·期中）Sue is always ready to help others. She thinks helping others is helping
________.
A．himself B．herself C．myself D．themselves
19．（23-24九年级上·甘肃定西·期末）—Who taught ________ science?
—Nobody. I taught ________.
A．your; me B．your; myself C．you; myself D．you; me
20．（22-23八年级下·河北唐山·期末）Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea
________.
A．it B．its C．it’s D．itself
