文档内容
2024-2025 学年八年级英语下学期单元语法精讲精练（人教版）
01 情态动词should和反身代词的用法
语法聚焦
1、如何询问健康问题
2、情态动词should的用法
3、反身代词的用法
语法精讲
1、如何询问健康问题
(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：
What’s the matter (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s wrong (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb．)?（某人）出什么事了？
What happened (to sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？
Are you OK?你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？
(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
①某人+have/has+病症．
The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。
Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位． He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词． He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。
⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。
⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位．
There is something wrong with my right eye．．我的右眼有毛病。
⑧其他表达方式
She has a heart trouble．她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger．她割破手指了。
2、情态动词should的用法
1．Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为 shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称
和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water
with honey．你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn’t watch TV.你不应该看
电视。
2．Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。
Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？
Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：
①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？
②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我们做„„好吗？
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？
③Why not do sth ?为什么不„„呢？
Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？
④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？ How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样？
⑤Let’s do sth让我们做„„吧。Let’s go home．咱们回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone．你最好不要独自去那儿。
3、反身代词的用法
人称
数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单 数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves
【 总 结 】第一、二人称的反身代词是在形容词性物主代词的基础上加-self/-
selves,第
三人称的反身代词是在人称代词的宾格的基础上加-self/-selves
【拓展】1. 反身代词可以在句中作同位语、宾语和表语。
（1）作同位语，加强语气，用于被修饰的名词或代词后。如：
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
（2）作宾语，用于动词或介词之后，主语和宾语指同一个或一些人。如：
You should take good care of yourself. 你应该照顾好你自己。
（3）作表语，用于系动词之后。如：
The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。
2. 与反身代词相关的常见短语by oneself 单独；独自
lose oneself 迷失；迷路
teach oneself 自学
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
hurt oneself 伤害自己
help oneself to … 随便吃……
kill oneself 自杀
语法专练
一、单项选择题。
1．You should ________ more water when you have a fever.
A．drinks B．drinking C．drinked D．drink
2．I can’t sleep, so I _____ listen to quiet music, and I ______ listen to exciting music.
A．should; should B．shouldn’t; shouldn’t
C．should; shouldn’t D．can; don’t
3．David ____ a stomachache. So he ____ eat anything 24 hours.
A．has, should B．has , should’t C．have, shouldn’t D．has, shouldn’t
4．—Jim, please help ____________ to some bread.
—Thank you.
A．himself B．yourself C．herself D．myself
5．We __________ carry forward the spirit of serving the people whole-heartedly.
A．might B．should C．could D．can’t6．—What __________ I do when my parents don’t agree with me?
—You __________ talk with them and let them know your thoughts.
A．should；can B．should；shouldn’t C．can；can’t D．shouldn’t；can
7．The summer camp was really wonderful, and Lisa enjoyed ________.
A．yourself B．himself
C．myself D．herself
8．All of us ________ listen to the teachers carefully in class.
A．should B．shouldn’t
C．can D．can’t
9．The school rule is that we ________ talk with anyone loudly in the library.
A．wouldn’t B．would
C．should D．shouldn’t
10．I think you should ________ the dog to an animal hospital because it is ill.
A．take B．taking
C．takes D．took
11．—What’s the matter ________ you?
—I have pains in the eyes.
A．for B．of C．with
12．Parents put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.
A．may B．might C．can D．should
13．Don’t worry. The girl is old enough to look after_________.
A．herself B．her C．hers D．she
14．Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches __________.A．her B．herself C．she D．hers
15．We enjoyed _____________ at the English party last weekend.
A．us B．our C．ours D．ourselves
16．Ms. Green have no time to help us, so we need to finish the work by ________.
A．myself B．themselves C．herself D．ourselves
17．—I don’t care what people think.
—Well, you______________. Some opinions are worth weighing.
A．might B．should C．could D．would
18．—Lily is intelligent and hard-working. She _________ do well in the singing competition.
—Sure. She was born to be a singer.
A．should B．might C．can’t D．shouldn’t
19．—What's your ,Julia?
—I have got a bad cold. What should I do?
A．age B．address C．trouble D．hobby
20．All the people wanted to know ________ happened to the boy.
A．how B．what C．which D．why
二、用单词的正确形式填空。
1．—What's the matter with her?
—She cut ___ (she) when cooking dinner.
2．Simon entered the library, found (he) a seat by the window and started his work.
3．Jack, help (you) to some salad. It’s just behind you.
4．Helping others is helping (we), so we should try our best to help those in need.
5．Last week the students went skating and enjoyed (them) very much.6．Miss Smith put on her new dress, and looked at (she) in the mirror.
7．In order to keep healthy, you shouldn’t (eat) too many hamburgers.
8．Did she hurt （she）when she played tennis?
9．I really like to see all the children enjoy (他们) at the party.
三、按要求完成句子。
1．I have a stomachache. (对划线部分提问)
the matter you?
2．What’s the matter with Tom? (改为同义句)
What’s Tom?
3．I have a cold. What should I do? (提建议)
take your temperature.
4．Alice should lie down and rest. (对划线部分提问)
Alice do?
5．Should she see a dentist? (做否定回答)
, she .
四、翻译句子。
1．他牙痛吗？
he ?
2．——她应该做什么？——她应该量体温。
—What she ?
—She .
3．我应该在上面敷一些药吗？
Should I it?4．你在踢足球的时候受伤了吗？
Did you hurt yourself ?
五、选词填空
用should或shouldn’t填空。
1．I think you go to the hospital at once.
2．As a new driver, you drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.
3．When you have a sore throat, you drink more hot tea with honey.
4．—Alice, my head feels hot now.
—You go to see a doctor.
5．You be angry with your mother. She is so kind to you.
链接中考
补全对话
A: Hi, Lisa. You don’t look well. 1
B: I have a stomachache.
A: 2
B: I started to feel uncomfortable last night.
A: Last night? 3
B: I ate a hotpot with my best friend. After that, we ate much delicious ice-cream.
A: That’s probably why. 4
B: Yeah, you are right. Oh, I feel terrible now. 5
A: I think you should go to a doctor. I can go with you.
B: Thank you very much.
A: You are welcome.A．When did you start to feel uncomfortable?
B．You shouldn’t eat too much hot food or cold food.
C．Vegetables and fruit are good for your health.
D．What’s the matter with you?
E．What can you help me?
F．What should I do?
G．What did you eat yesterday?
