文档内容
2024-2025 学年八年级英语下学期单元语法精讲精练(人教版)
01 情态动词 should 和反身代词的用法
语法聚焦
1、如何询问健康问题
2、情态动词should的用法
3、反身代词的用法
语法精讲
1、如何询问健康问题
(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:
What’s the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?
What’s wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?
What’s the trouble (with sb.)?(某人)出什么事了?
What happened (to sb.)?(某人)发生了什么事?
Are you OK?你没事吧?
Is there anything wrong with sb.?某人有什么事吗?
(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:
①某人+have/has+病症.
The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。
Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night.她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位. He has a sore throat.他喉咙痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词. He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly.我头痛得厉害。
⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位, I have a pain in my chest.我胸口痛。
⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位.
There is something wrong with my right eye..我的右眼有毛病。
⑧其他表达方式
She has a heart trouble.她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger.她割破手指了。
2、情态动词should的用法
1.Should为情态动词,意为“应该;应当”,否定式为 shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称
和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water
with honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。 He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn’t watch TV.你不应该看
电视。
2.Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句,表示征询意见。
Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗?
Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗?
【拓展】在英语中,表示建议的说法有很多,而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有:
①Would you like (to do) sth.?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗?Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗?
②Shall I/we do sth ?我/我们做„„好吗?
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园,好吗?
③Why not do sth ?为什么不„„呢?
Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?
④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样? How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样?
⑤Let’s do sth让我们做„„吧。Let’s go home.咱们回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone.你最好不要独自去那儿。
3、反身代词的用法
人称
数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单 数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves
【 总 结 】第一、二人称的反身代词是在形容词性物主代词的基础上加-self/-
selves,第
三人称的反身代词是在人称代词的宾格的基础上加-self/-selves
【拓展】1. 反身代词可以在句中作同位语、宾语和表语。
(1)作同位语,加强语气,用于被修饰的名词或代词后。如:
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(2)作宾语,用于动词或介词之后,主语和宾语指同一个或一些人。如:
You should take good care of yourself. 你应该照顾好你自己。
(3)作表语,用于系动词之后。如:
The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。
2. 与反身代词相关的常见短语by oneself 单独;独自
lose oneself 迷失;迷路
teach oneself 自学
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
hurt oneself 伤害自己
help oneself to … 随便吃……
kill oneself 自杀
语法专练
一、单项选择题。
1.You should ________ more water when you have a fever.
A.drinks B.drinking C.drinked D.drink
2.I can’t sleep, so I _____ listen to quiet music, and I ______ listen to exciting music.
A.should; should B.shouldn’t; shouldn’t
C.should; shouldn’t D.can; don’t
3.David ____ a stomachache. So he ____ eat anything 24 hours.
A.has, should B.has , should’t C.have, shouldn’t D.has, shouldn’t
4.—Jim, please help ____________ to some bread.
—Thank you.
A.himself B.yourself C.herself D.myself
5.We __________ carry forward the spirit of serving the people whole-heartedly.
A.might B.should C.could D.can’t6.—What __________ I do when my parents don’t agree with me?
—You __________ talk with them and let them know your thoughts.
A.should;can B.should;shouldn’t C.can;can’t D.shouldn’t;can
7.The summer camp was really wonderful, and Lisa enjoyed ________.
A.yourself B.himself
C.myself D.herself
8.All of us ________ listen to the teachers carefully in class.
A.should B.shouldn’t
C.can D.can’t
9.The school rule is that we ________ talk with anyone loudly in the library.
A.wouldn’t B.would
C.should D.shouldn’t
10.I think you should ________ the dog to an animal hospital because it is ill.
A.take B.taking
C.takes D.took
11.—What’s the matter ________ you?
—I have pains in the eyes.
A.for B.of C.with
12.Parents put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.
A.may B.might C.can D.should
13.Don’t worry. The girl is old enough to look after_________.
A.herself B.her C.hers D.she
14.Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches __________.A.her B.herself C.she D.hers
15.We enjoyed _____________ at the English party last weekend.
A.us B.our C.ours D.ourselves
16.Ms. Green have no time to help us, so we need to finish the work by ________.
A.myself B.themselves C.herself D.ourselves
17.—I don’t care what people think.
—Well, you______________. Some opinions are worth weighing.
A.might B.should C.could D.would
18.—Lily is intelligent and hard-working. She _________ do well in the singing competition.
—Sure. She was born to be a singer.
A.should B.might C.can’t D.shouldn’t
19.—What's your ,Julia?
—I have got a bad cold. What should I do?
A.age B.address C.trouble D.hobby
20.All the people wanted to know ________ happened to the boy.
A.how B.what C.which D.why
二、用单词的正确形式填空。
1.—What's the matter with her?
—She cut ___ (she) when cooking dinner.
2.Simon entered the library, found (he) a seat by the window and started his work.
3.Jack, help (you) to some salad. It’s just behind you.
4.Helping others is helping (we), so we should try our best to help those in need.
5.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed (them) very much.6.Miss Smith put on her new dress, and looked at (she) in the mirror.
7.In order to keep healthy, you shouldn’t (eat) too many hamburgers.
8.Did she hurt (she)when she played tennis?
9.I really like to see all the children enjoy (他们) at the party.
三、按要求完成句子。
1.I have a stomachache. (对划线部分提问)
the matter you?
2.What’s the matter with Tom? (改为同义句)
What’s Tom?
3.I have a cold. What should I do? (提建议)
take your temperature.
4.Alice should lie down and rest. (对划线部分提问)
Alice do?
5.Should she see a dentist? (做否定回答)
, she .
四、翻译句子。
1.他牙痛吗?
he ?
2.——她应该做什么?——她应该量体温。
—What she ?
—She .
3.我应该在上面敷一些药吗?
Should I it?4.你在踢足球的时候受伤了吗?
Did you hurt yourself ?
五、选词填空
用should或shouldn’t填空。
1.I think you go to the hospital at once.
2.As a new driver, you drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.
3.When you have a sore throat, you drink more hot tea with honey.
4.—Alice, my head feels hot now.
—You go to see a doctor.
5.You be angry with your mother. She is so kind to you.
链接中考
补全对话
A: Hi, Lisa. You don’t look well. 1
B: I have a stomachache.
A: 2
B: I started to feel uncomfortable last night.
A: Last night? 3
B: I ate a hotpot with my best friend. After that, we ate much delicious ice-cream.
A: That’s probably why. 4
B: Yeah, you are right. Oh, I feel terrible now. 5
A: I think you should go to a doctor. I can go with you.
B: Thank you very much.
A: You are welcome.A.When did you start to feel uncomfortable?
B.You shouldn’t eat too much hot food or cold food.
C.Vegetables and fruit are good for your health.
D.What’s the matter with you?
E.What can you help me?
F.What should I do?
G.What did you eat yesterday?
参考答案
一、
1.D
【详解】句意:你发烧时应该多喝水。
考查情态动词should的用法。should “应该”,是情态动词,后面接动词原形。故选D。
2.C
【详解】句意:我睡不着,所以我应该听轻音乐,我不应该听令人兴奋的音乐。Should应该,
shouldn’t不应该,表示建议;结合句意和语境可知选C。
3.D
【详解】句意:戴维肚子痛。所以他24小时都不应该吃东西。主语David三单,谓语三单,
have的三单是has, “不应该做某事”shouldn’t do sth.;结合句意和选项可知选D。
4.B
【详解】句意:——吉姆,请随便吃些面包。——谢谢。考查反身代词。himself他自己;yourself你自己;herself她自己;myself我自己。help oneself
to“随便吃点……”,这句话是对Jim说的,所以是“请你随便吃……”,故选B。
5.B
【详解】句意:我们应该发扬全心全意为人民服务的精神。
考查情态动词辨析。might可能;should应该;could可能,能够;can’t不能。根据“We...carry
forward the spirit of serving the people whole-heartedly.”可知,应该发扬这种精神,用should表示
责任和义务,故选B。
6.A
【详解】句意:——当我父母不同意我的意见时,我该怎么办?——你可以和他们谈谈,让他
们知道你的想法。
考查情态动词辨析。should应该;shouldn’t不应该;can’t不能;can能。根据“What...I do
when my parents don’t agree with me?”可知,此处是在询问对方的建议,应填should,排除C选
项;第二空是给与对方建议,表示“可以”,应填can,故选A。
7.D
【详解】句意:这个夏令营真地很好,并且Lisa玩得很愉快。
考查反身代词作宾语。yourself你自己;himself他自己;myself我自己;herself她自己。根据
“The summer camp was really wonderful”可推知,Lisa应该玩得很愉快,enjoy oneself“玩得愉
快”;反身代词作宾语时,应该与主语保持人称和单复数一致,所以Lisa应用herself。故选
D。
8.A
【详解】句意: 我们在课堂上都应该认真听老师讲课。
考查情态动词。should应该;shouldn’t不应该;can能;can’t不能。由“All of us…listen to the
teachers carefully in class”可知,此处指上课应该认真听讲。故选A。
9.D
【详解】句意:学校的规定是我们不应该在图书馆和任何人大声说话。
考查情态动词。wouldn’t不会;would将要;should应该;shouldn’t不应该。由“we…talk withanyone loudly in the library”可知,此处指在图书馆不应该大声说话。故选D。
10.A
【详解】句意:我认为你应该带这只狗去动物医院,因为它病了。
考查动词的时态。根据“should”可知,情态动词后跟动词原形。故选A。
11.C
【详解】句意:——你怎么了?——我眼睛疼。
考查介词辨析。for为了;of的;with和。此处是what’s the matter with sb“怎么了”。故选C。
12.D
【详解】句意:家长应该把家里刀、药等之类的东西收起来放好,以保证孩子的安全。考查情
态动词。A. may可以;B. might可能;C. can能;D. should应该。根据Parents put the things
like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.可知这是给家长的一种建议,表
示建议用should,意思是“应该、应当”,故答案选D。
13.A
【详解】句意:不要担心,这个女孩足够大能够照顾她自己。
考查代词辨析。herself她自己;her她的;hers她的,名词性物主代词;she她。根据“the girl
is old enough to look after”可知是足够大能照顾自己。故选A。
14.B
【详解】句意:没有人教玛丽英语。她自学。
考查代词。her她,宾格;herself她自己,反身代词;she她,主格;hers她的,名词性物主代
词。根据“Nobody teaches Mary English.”可知,Mary是自学英语;再者根据固定搭配“teach
oneself”可知,herself符合句意。故选B。
15.D
【详解】句意:我们昨晚在英语派对上玩得很开心。
考查反身代词。分析句意可知,此处表示“玩得开心”,构成“enjoy oneself”短语,主语是
we,所以反身代词用ourselves。故选D。16.D
【详解】句意:格林女士没有时间帮助我们,所以我们需要自己完成这项工作。
考查反身代词。myself我自己;themselves他(她、它)们自己;herself她自己;ourselves我们自
己。根据“Ms. Green have no time to help us”格林女士没有时间帮助我们,可知,我们需要
“自己”完成这项工作,用by ourselves。故选D。
17.B
【详解】句意:——我不在意别人怎么想的。——嗯,你应该在意。一些想法值得权衡。
考查情态动词。might可能;should应该;could能够;would将。根据“Some opinions are
worth weighing”可知此处表示应该在意别人的看法,用情态动词should。故选B。
18.A
【详解】句意:——莉莉既聪明又勤奋。她应该会在歌唱比赛中取得好成绩。——当然。她天
生就是当歌手的料。
考查情态动词。should应该,表示推测;might可能,表示不确定推测;can’t不可能,表示否
定推测;shouldn’t不应该。根据“Lily is intelligent and hard-working.”可知,她在歌唱比赛中取
得好成绩是非常可能的事情,语气肯定,用should。故选A。
19.C
【详解】句意:--Julia,你怎么啦?--我得了重感冒,我应该怎么做?A. age年龄; B.
address地址; C. trouble麻烦; D. hobby爱好。“得了重感冒”属于一种“麻烦”,所以用
trouble。故选C。
20.B
【详解】句意:所有人都想知道那个男孩怎么了。
考查宾语从句的连接词。how怎样;what什么;which哪一个,哪些;why为什么。“What
happened to sb.?”是固定句式,意为“某人怎么了?”。what既作连接词引导词宾语从句,
也作从句主语。故选B。
二、
1.herself【详解】
句意:——她怎么了?——她做饭时割伤了自己。根据“She cut...when cooking dinner.”可知,
此处说的切到了她自己,应用反身代词,故填herself。
2.himself
【详解】句意:西蒙走进图书馆,给自己找到一个靠窗的座位,开始了他的工作。空处指西蒙
给他自己找了个座位,所以用反身代词himself。故填himself。
3.yourself
【详解】句意:杰克,随便吃点沙拉。就在你后面。help oneself to sth表示“随便吃点……”,
固定短语;空处用you对应的反身代词yourself/yourselves,Jack指一个人,所以用单数。故填
yourself。
4.ourselves
【详解】句意:帮助别人就是帮助自己,所以我们应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。根据
“Helping others is helping...”及常识可知,帮助他人就是帮助自己,空处用we对应的反身代词
ourselves。故填ourselves。
5.themselves
【详解】句意:上周学生们去滑冰,玩得很开心。enjoy oneself玩得开心,空处用them对应的
反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
6.herself
【详解】句意:史密斯小姐穿上新衣服,对着镜子照了照自己。Miss Smith是女性,空处指
“对着镜子照了照自己”,应用反身代词herself。故填herself。
7.eat
【详解】句意:为了保持健康,你不应该吃太多的汉堡包。根据情态动词后加动词原形,所以
是eat。故填eat。
8.herself
【详解】句意:她打网球时受伤了吗?hurt oneself“伤到某人自己”,空处需用反身代词
herself“她自己”,与主语she保持一致。故填herself。9.themselves
【详解】句意:我真的很喜欢看到所有的孩子在聚会上玩得很开心。enjoy oneself意为“玩得
开心”,根据提示“他们”可知,此处应用反身代词themselves,故填themselves。
三、
1. What’s with
【详解】句意:我胃痛。划线部分“have a stomachache”表述的是身体不舒服,对身体不舒服
提问应用疑问句“What’s the matter with…/What’s wrong with…”;根据题干可知,此处应用
What’s the matter with…;what位于句首,首字母要大写,且与is缩写为What’s。故填
What’s;with。
2. wrong with
【详解】句意:汤姆怎么了?What’s the matter with sb.=What’s wrong with sb.“某人怎么了”,
固定句型。故填wrong;with。
3. You should
【详解】句意:——我感冒了,我该怎么办? ——你应该量一下体温。根据问句“I have a
cold. What should I do?”及回答“…take your temperature.”可知,提建议应用“you should…”,
意为“你应该……”,句首首字母大写。故填You;should。
4. What should
【详解】句意:爱丽丝应该躺下休息。划线部分“lie down and rest”指动作,用what来提问,
引导特殊疑问句,位于句首,首字母要大写;原句中的情态动词should提到主语前,疑问词后。
故填What;should。
5. No shouldn’t
【详解】句意:——她应该去看牙医吗?——不,她不应该。分析题干,该句为情态动词
should引导的一般疑问句。做否定回答时,其结构为“No, 主语+shouldn’t”。故填No;
shouldn’t。
四、
1. Does have a toothache【详解】根据题意是一般疑问句,牙痛:have a toothache;含有实义动词have,主语是he,疑
问句要借助助动词does,注意首字母大写,故填Does;have;a;toothache。
2. should do should take her temperature
【详解】由语境可知,问句是含有情态动词的特殊疑问句,答语是含有情态动词的陈述句。应
该should,后接动词原形;做do;量体温take one’s temperature;她的her。故填should;do;
should;take;her;temperature。
3. put some medicine on
【详解】should是情态动词,后加动词原形,把……放在……上:put...on;一些药:some
medicine;故填put;some;medicine;on。
4. playing soccer
【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知,应该填的是“踢足球”,play soccer意为“踢足球”,分析
句子成分,句子中已有谓语hurt,主语you和play之间是主动关系,所以用play的现在分词
playing作状语,故填playing;soccer。
五、
1.should 2.shouldn’t 3.should 4.should 45.shouldn’t
【导语】
1.句意:我认为你应该马上去医院。根据“go to the hospital at once”可推断是生病了,所以用
should表示建议。故填should。
2.句意:作为一个新手,你不应该把车开得这么快。这是非常危险的。根据“As a new
driver”可知,新手不应该开车太快,用shouldn’t表示“不应该”。故填shouldn’t。
3.句意:当你喉咙痛时,你应该多喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。根据“When you have a sore throa”和
“drink more hot tea with honey.”及常识可知,喉咙痛时喝些蜂蜜热茶有助于缓解不适,所以用
should表示建议。故填should。
4.句意:——爱丽丝,我的头现在很热。——你应该去看医生。根据“ my head feels hot
now”可知,生病应该看医生,用should表示“应该”。故填should
5.句意:你不应该生你妈妈的气。她对你太好了。根据“She is so kind to you.”可知,不应该生妈妈的气,用shouldn’t表示“不应该”。故填shouldn’t。
hon
链接中考
1.D 2.A 3.G 4.B 5.F
【导语】本文是一组对话,围绕Lisa胃疼展开,涉及胃疼原因和治疗建议。
1.根据前一句“You don’t look well.”和下文“I have a stomachache. ”可知,此处是询问对方怎
么了;与之对应的是D选项“你怎么了?”。故选D。
2.根据下文“I started to feel uncomfortable last night.”可知,此处是询问对方什么时候感觉不
舒服的;与之对应的是A选项“你什么时候开始感觉不舒服?”。故选A。
3.根据下文“I ate a hotpot with my best friend. After that, we ate much delicious ice-cream.”可知,
此处是询问对方吃了什么;与之对应的是G选项“你昨天吃了什么?”。故选G。
4.根据前一句“That’s probably why.”可知,此处是向对方解释原因;与之对应的是B选项
“你不应该吃太多过热或过冷的食物”,对原因进一步说明。故选B。
5.根据前一句“I feel terrible now.”和下文“I think you should go to a doctor.”可知,此处是对方
在寻求建议。与之对应的是F选项“我应该怎么做?”。故选F。