文档内容
2018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试
(满分:60分 考试时间:90分钟)
知识运用(共14分)
一、单项填空(共6分,每小题0.5分)
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.My brother and I like football. play it together once a week.
A.I B.They C.We D.You
2.Happy birthday, Peter! Heres a gift you.
A.for B.in C.with D.from
3.— do you usually go to school, Mary?
—By bike.
A.WhenB.How C.Where D.Why
4.Many people like pandas they are cute.
A.though B.if C.while D.because
5.I go now, or Ill miss my train.
A.can B.mightC.must D.could
6.Tony is of the three boys, but he is the tallest.
A.young B.younger
C.youngest D.the youngest
7.Bill likes reading. He picture books with his dad every evening.
A.read B.reads
C.is reading D.has read
8.—Paul, what were you doing at nine last night?
—I a movie in the cinema with my friends.
A.was watching B.watch
C.have watched D.will watch
9.David is a tennis player. He to play tennis when he was six years old.
A.begins B.will begin
C.beganD.has begun
10.—Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?
—Yes,he is. He history for nearly 20 years.
A.teaches B.has taught
C.is teaching D.will teach
11.A new international airport in the city next year.
A.completes B.is completed
C.will complete D.will be completed
12.—Alice, could you tell me London?
—Sure. Last Sunday.
A.when Mr. Smith left
B.when Mr. Smith will leave
C.when did Mr. Smith leave
D.when will Mr. Smith leave
二、完形填空(共8分,每小题1分)
阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。
Real Solutions(解决方法) to Problems
Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems.
One day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons.
The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的)balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldnt blow out. All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to
pressure(压力).Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out of the game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room, here and there.
The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on. All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the right one. The second level of the game was over.
Then came the final level. The engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to the person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes, all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.
The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life, sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.
13.A.game B.show C.concert D.party
14.A.purposes B.suggestions
C.thoughts D.plans
15.A.quietly B.carefully
C.secretly D.clearly
16.A.honest B.ready
C.patient D.successful
17.A.checked B.helped C.ruled D.cheated
18.A.collected B.weighed
C.tied D.cleaned
19.A.mark B.hide C.number D.find
20.A.freed B.reached C.lifted D.hit
阅读理解(共36分)
三、阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)
A
21.When did Roger have his birthday party?
A.Last Wednesday. B.Last Thursday.
C.Last Friday. D.Last Saturday.
22.Who went on a school field trip last week?A.Alan. B.Jessica.
C.Sara. D.Richard.
23.Martin went to Atlanta to .
A.speak at a conference
B.organize a party
C.perform in a competition
D.visit a university
B
A Beautiful Moment
When I was in high school, I worked part-time helping Dad sell fruits and vegetables at a market. One day, as I was preparing the fruits, a little boy came by with his mom and sister. He was about eight years old, and the girl, five or six. They were looking at the
fruits in front of me. I heard the kids say to their mom(in French),“Theyre good!” I knew it was French, because I can speak and understand it.
Then I noticed how the mom was picking the fruits. At first I thought she was really looking at the fruits because she was facing them, but then I noticed how much she had to feel and smell each one as she picked them out. And she often asked her son if it looked
okay, but looked way above where his face was. Putting what I saw together, I was sure she was blind.
Both of the kids continued to help their mom pick out the fruits. The son made sure the fruits were not obviously bad, and the daughter handed them to her mom. The woman then felt each one and smiled, and the daughter would put them into their basket. The
kids were smiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.
Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way that never happened before. It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help. Most kids that age would be picking out candies or toys in a store for themselves, instead of helping their mom pick out
fruits, as the two kids did.
It was great to witness the moment, but not so great because I didnt tell the mom how beautiful her children were in their language. This is what I regret to this day.
24.The woman and her kids came to the market to buy .
A.fruits B.vegetables
C.candies D.toys
25.According to what he saw, the writer was sure the mother couldnt .
A.speakB.see C.smell D.hear
26.The writer was moved because .
A.the mother was brave to face her problems
B.the kids were polite and kind to each other
C.the mother was careful in picking out things
D.the kids were so willing to help their mother
C
Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive
function (认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health.
The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain. Lifelong exposure(接触) to green space in the living places was recorded—using the information on the childrens addresses from birth up through to the time of the study. Brain structure was
studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Working memory and inattentiveness(注意力不集中)were graded with computers.
“This is the first study that shows the association between long-term exposure to green space and brain structure,” says Dr. Payam Dadvand, the leading researcher of the study. “Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in
beneficial structural changes in the brain.”
The findings show that long-term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain. Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests. Moreover, larger volumes of white and grey matter
in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness.
Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children. Another study of 2,593 children shows that children in schools with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness.Humans are believed to be tied to nature. Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn. Accordingly, green space is thought to prompt important exercises in discovery, creativity and risk taking. These exercises in turn positively
influence brain development.
Dr. Dadvands study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green space on cognitive development. It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits
of increasing greenness in cities.
Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations, settings and climates. And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space.
27.The second paragraph is mainly about .
A.how the study was performed
B.what was recorded in the study
C.how long the study lasted
D.who took part in the study
28.The word “prompt” in Paragraph 6 probably means “ ”.
A.control B.encourage
C.balance D.change
29.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.
B.Dr. Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.
C.Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations out of Spain.
D.Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development.
D
We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power. However, theres always something staring at us right under our nose but we dont see it. The only time we think of unlocking our self-
improvement power is when everything gets worst.
When do we realize that we need to change diets? When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates? When all of our teeth have fallen off. When do we realize that we need to stop smoking? When our lungs have
gone bad. We see the warning signs and signals when things get rough and difficult.
The only time most of us ever learn about unlocking our self-improvement power is when the whole world is falling apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change, but change becomes more painful when we ignore(忽视) it.
Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power not because the world says so, but because we realize its for our own good.
Happy people dont just accept change; they embrace (拥抱)it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.
Jane always tells everyone that she doesnt have the courage to be around groups of people. She heard her family tell the same things about her to other people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and
locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!
Self-improvement may not be everybodys favorite word, but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved. Three sessions in a week at the gym
would result in a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process of unlocking our self-improvement power will we realize that were beginning to take things light and become happy.
30.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that .
A.we learn our lessons when we experience pain
B.we are responsible for the problems we meet
C.life fails us when we get into the wrong way
D.life is a long journey full of ups and downs
31.What is the key to solving Janes problem?
A.She needs to remember why she started.
B.She has to know how to get on with people.
C.She has to realize she is not what she is in her story.
D.She needs to understand the importance of confidence.
32.The writer probably agrees that .
A.the world tells us how to improve ourselves
B.people change when they find it easy to do that
C.welcoming change in life is a drive to become better
D.enjoying the process of self-improvement makes life simpler
33.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Is it important to take things light?
B.Is it necessary to embrace challenges?
C.To hold on to the last moment or to give up?
D.To free ourselves out of the box or to stay in it?
四、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for “fail”.The word “fail” happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact of the matter is that
any letter can mean “not-passing”or “fail”. Some schools have U grade for “unsatisfactory”, or I grade for “incomplete”.
Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:
A:95%—100%(excellent) B:85%—94%(good)
C:76%—84%(fair) D:75%(barely passed)
E:below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F. There is no evidence(证据) to really support this, but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried
that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.
Why do we have letter grades? Well, part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began, growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that
time thought this new letter grading system was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.
Today, more and more people argue that letter grades dont fully reflect(反映) student learning. However, as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids. They are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents
to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably arent going away any time soon.
34.What does an F stand for in the A,B,C,D and F grading system?
35.When was the letter grading system first used in the US college?
36.What is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?
37.What did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?
38.Why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?
书面表达(共10分)
五、文段表达(10分)
39.从下面两个题目中任选一题,根据中文和英文提示,完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华,你们学校将要举办一场关于京剧的讲座,你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter参加。请用英语写一封电子邮件,告诉他讲座的时间和地点,以及需要做什么准备。
提示词语:lecture(讲座),invite,information,question,online
提示问题:●When and where will you have the lecture?
●What do you advise Peter to prepare for it?
Dear Peter,
How is it going?
Therell be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school.
If there is anything that I can do, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②“静以修身,俭以养德”,勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德。无论生活富足与否,我们都应该提倡节约,杜绝浪费。
某英文网站正在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿,谈谈生活中你是怎么做的,以及这样做的意义。
提示词语:thrifty(节约的),save,turn off,food,money,virtue(美德)
提示问题:●What do you do in your daily life?
●Why do you do so?
Its one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty.
2018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试
答案速查
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C A B D C D B A C B
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
D A A C B D C A D B
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
D B C A B D A B D A
31 32 33
C C D
知识运用
一、单项填空
1.C 句意:我的弟弟和我都喜欢足球。我们一周一起踢一次。此题考查人称代词的用法。人称代词可以分为主格和宾格。此题首先看到A、B、C选项的三个词均为人称代词主格形式,D选项既可以作主格也可以作宾格。根据选项在句子中的位置
和句子的意思,可知此处应该选择C。
2.A 句意:生日快乐,Peter!这是给你的礼物。此题考查介词的用法。根据句意可知此处应该选择for,for表示送礼物的对象。
3.B 句意:——玛丽,你通常怎么去上学?——骑自行车。此题考查特殊疑问词的用法。when什么时候;how怎么样;where 在哪里;why 为什么。根据答句的意思“骑自行车”,可知应该选择询问方式的词how。
4.D 句意:许多人喜欢大熊猫,因为它们很可爱。此题考查连词的用法。though尽管,虽然,引导让步状语从句;if如果,引导条件状语从句;while当……时,引导时间状语从句;because因为,引导原因状语从句。根据前后内容的意思判断空格前后是因果关
系,所以选择D。
5.C 句意:我现在必须走,否则我将错过我的火车。此题考查情态动词的用法。can能够,可以;might也许,可能;must必须,一定;could可能,能够,可以。考生要根据句子的具体意思,结合具体的语境进行判断。因为将会错过火车,所以表达意愿一定是很
强烈的,故选择must。
6.D 句意:Tony是三个男孩子中年龄最小的,但他是最高的。此题考查形容词的最高级。可根据后面的“the tallest”以及连词“but”选出正确答案。
7.B 句意:Bill喜欢读书。他每天晚上都和他的爸爸阅读图画书。此题考查动词时态。根据句意可知“Bill喜欢读书”描述的是习惯性动作,再通过第二句话的every evening可以确定为一般现在时态。同时要特别注意句子主语是不是第三人称单数。
He 为第三人称单数,因此需要把动词变成第三人称单数形式。故选B。
8.A 句意:——Paul,你昨天晚上九点钟在做什么?——我正在和我的朋友们在电影院看电影。此题考查动词时态。根据问句中“what were you doing”可以判断答句要用过去进行时态,故选择A。
9.C 句意:David是一位网球运动员,当他六岁的时候他就开始打网球了。此题考查动词时态。从句中的“六岁”代表了过去的时间,从句的时态为一般过去时态,那么主句的时态自然确定为表示过去的某种时态,故选C。
10.B 句意:——Lucy,你的叔叔是一位老师吗?——是的,他是(一位老师)。他教历史已经有将近二十年了。此题考查现在完成时态的用法。现在完成时态的具体意义:动作从过去的某一时刻开始延续到现在,并且对现在产生了影响。Lucy的叔叔成为
一位老师从将近20年前就开始了,而且延续到现在。故选B。
11.D 句意:一个新的国际机场明年将在这个城市完成。此题考查时态和语态。句子主语为airport,它与complete之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,构成方式是“be+过去分词”,而时间状语为next year,所以是一般将来时的被动语态,故选择D。
12.A 句意:——Alice,你可以告诉我史密斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗?——当然可以,上周日。此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,由答句中的Last Sunday可知此处应该用一般过去时,故选择A。
二、完形填空
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了一个公司的团队通过吹气球、找气球的游戏,最终获得了解决问题的方法。在困难和问题面前,团队精神非常关键,只有学会分享、与人合作才能实现共赢。
13.A 考查名词。game游戏、比赛;show 表演、展示;concert音乐会;party聚会、派对。根据第二段的主要意思以及第四段中的“Those...were...out of the game”的词汇复现,判断选A。
14.C 考查名词。purpose目的;suggestion建议、提议;thought想法、主意、思想;plan计划、打算。根据句意“他们非常吃惊并且带着各种各样的想法全都到了那个大厅”,可知选C。
15.B 考查副词。quietly 安静地,carefully小心地、仔细地,secretly秘密地,clearly清楚地。根据第三段第二句话可知为了保证气球不爆,这些人应该是被要求把自己的名字小心地写在气球上,故选择B。
16.D 考查形容词。honest 诚实的,坦诚的;ready 准备好的;patient 有耐心的;successful 成功的。根据句意“所有的人试着去做,但是不是所有的人都成功了”,再根据下一句“由于压力5个气球爆了”可知此处应该选D。此题要特别注意连词“but”的
意义。
17.C 考查动词词组。check out调查、核实;help out帮助某人脱离困境;rule sb. out of sth.阻止某人参赛;cheat sb. out of sth.阻止某人得到某物。根据本句含义“没有成功把名字写在气球上的人将会被……”可知此处强调按照规则被淘汰出局。再根据
下文的“25 engineers”可以知道有5个人已经被淘汰出局,故选择C。
18.A 考查动词。collect收集,weigh称重,tie系、打结,clean打扫。根据“所有的写着他们名字的气球被收集起来,然后把它们放到一个房间里,到处都是”可知选A。
19.D 考查动词。mark做标记;hide 隐藏、躲避;number 总计;find发现,找到。根据此处表达的“这25位工程师花了差不多15分钟但是还没有人找到正确的那一个”可知选择D。
20.B 考查动词。free释放;reach到达;lift举起、抬起;hit撞击、碰撞。工程师们被要求捡起一个气球并且把它交给属于气球上写的名字的那个人,所有的气球都到了每个工程师的手里。故选B。
阅读理解
三、A
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了4个孩子在过去的某个时间做的一些事情,内容简单易懂。
21.D 细节理解题。根据Roger说的第二句“It was my 15th birthday last Saturday.”可知答案。
22.B 细节理解题。根据Jessica说的第二句“My class were on a school field trip last week.”可知答案。
23.C 细节理解题。由Martin说的第二句话“Last Thursday, my...went to Atlanta to perform...”可知答案。
B[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过描述一对小兄妹帮助他们的妈妈挑选水果的过程,让读者感受到了他们之间感人至深的亲情,体现了人间的真情。
24.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“They were looking at the fruits in front of me.”可知答案。
25.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的最后一句中的“I was sure she was blind”可知答案。
26.D 细节理解题。第四段第二句“It was so beautiful to see such young kids so willingly help.”中的willingly表示“心甘情愿地”,与D选项中的willing to help their mother 表达相同的意思,故选择D。
C
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇科学报告类文章,通过对一项研究的介绍,论证了绿地对于人的发展的重要性,凸显了生态文明建设的必要性。
27.A 主旨大意题。考生回答主旨大意题时,要抓住段落中心句,第二段中心句即第一句“The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain.”,再根据其他选项的内容都是属于这项研究的一个部分,不能起到概括全段的作用,可知选A。
28.B 词义猜测题。考生要联系上下文进行猜测理解。此题根据本段第二句“Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn.”以及prompt之后的“important exercises in discovery,creativity and risk taking”可知“绿地对孩子发展
的积极意义”,故选B。
29.D 推理判断题。考生应该根据选项中的关键词返回到原文的相应位置进行判断。从第四段的倒数第一句话可以得知A选项错误。从第七段的第一句得知Dr. Dadvand强调结构性的改变会使绿地产生有益的影响,从而影响认知发展,B错误。C选
项以偏概全,片面强调。故选择D。
D
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文,作者通过对生活中一些现象的描述,表达了对在生活中的自我提升与改变的积极态度,同时也鼓励人们以乐观的态度面对生活中的动态变化。
30.A 推理判断题。通过第二段每个问题后的答句可以总结归纳出只有我们在生活中真正得到教训了,我们才会做出一些改变。A选项表达的意思是当我们经历了痛苦,我们就吸取了经验教训。故选择A。
31.C 推理判断题。根据文章第六段最后一句话“Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!”可知只有C选项表达正确。
32.C 推理判断题。A选项“the world tells us how to improve ourselves”与文章第四段表达的意思不相符。B选项“people change when they find it easy to do that”中的“easy”表达的意思与文章不符。D选项表达的意思与第七段的最后一句话不符。C
选项表达的意思“乐于接受在生活中的改变是变得更好的驱动力”与原文一致,故选C。
33.D 主旨大意题。通过对文章的整体理解,A、B、C三个选项只说明了文章的一部分内容。D选项概括了全文的意思,也符合作者要表达的观点,故选择D。
四、[语篇解读] 本文介绍了英文字母等级评价体系的历史发展进程,作者在文中讲述了字母E这一等级缺失的历史渊源。
34.It stands for “fail”. 根据第二段第二句话可知答案。
35.It was first used in 1897. 根据第四段可知答案。
36.Teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”. 根据第六段第三句话的后半部分可知答案。
37.They thought it was an easy, fair and clear way to grade students.
根据第七段的最后一句话可知答案。
38.Because they are familiar and easy for parents to understand. 根据文章最后一段的第三句话可知答案。
书面表达
五、文段表达
39.[写作要点]
题目①
1.本文是一篇应用文体裁的文章,要求以李华的身份写一封电子邮件告诉交换生关于京剧讲座的相关内容,主体时态是一般将来时和一般现在时。
2.内容要点
①介绍讲座开始的时间和地点;
②建议Peter需要做的准备。
题目②
1.本篇写作的话题是关于勤俭节约的。要求考生写一篇英文短文投稿,谈谈在生活中自己是怎么做的。主体时态是一般现在时态。
2.内容要点
①介绍如何在日常生活中做到勤俭节约;
②介绍为什么要这样做。
[参考范文]
题目①
Dear Peter,
How is it going?
Therell be a lecture on Peking Opera in our school. Id like to invite you to attend it.
Heres the information for it. The place will be the lecture hall. The time is from 9:00 to 11:00 this Friday morning. The speaker is Mr. Li, an expert on Peking Opera.
You may ask questions at the end of the lecture. If you like, you can read online articles on the topic and get ready for your questions.
If there is anything that I can do, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②
Its one of our traditional virtues to be thrifty. As a middle school student, I have been very thrifty in my daily life. I turn off the lights when leaving a room, and take shorter showers. Besides, I dont waste food, and I seldom spend money on things that I dont
need.
I think all such small things are beneficial to the environment and help me to become a person with good virtues.
