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第06 讲情态动词can/could
01 考点聚焦
02 重点速记
can 与could 表达礼貌的请求与许可
一、基本用法
1. can 的直接用法
含义：表示直接请求或许可，语气较随意，适用于熟悉的人或非正式场合。
结构：请求许可：Can I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？）
请求帮助：Can you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？）
例句：
①请求许可：
Can I put some flowers on the table?我可以把一些花放在桌子上吗？
②请求帮助：
Can you help me hang up the photos?你能帮我挂上这些照片吗？
2. could 的委婉用法
含义：表示委婉请求或许可，语气更礼貌、正式，适用于陌生人或正式场合。
结构：请求许可：Could I + 动词原形？（我可以…… 吗？）
请求帮助：Could you + 动词原形？（你能…… 吗？）
例句：
①请求许可：
Could I hang out with my friends after lunch?午饭后我能和朋友们一起出去玩吗？
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②请求帮助：
Could you please sweep the floor?你能扫一下地吗？
二、中考必考句式结构（高频考点：请求vs 许可辨析）
1. 请求他人帮助（主语为you）
•直接请求（日常场景）：Can you + V 原？例：Can you pass me the salt?（你能递下盐吗？）
•礼貌请求（正式/对长辈）：Could you (please) + V 原？例：Could you give me a ride to town?（你
能载我去镇上吗？）
2. 申请自己许可（主语为I/we）
•直接许可（熟人之间）：Can I + V 原？例：Can I stay out until eleven?（我能待到11 点吗？）
•礼貌许可（试探语气）：Could I + V 原？例：Could I use your computer?（我能用你电脑吗？）
3. 特殊注意：Could 的“非过去式”用法（高频易错题）
在请求/许可中，Could 不表示过去，仅表礼貌，回答时可用can/can’t（不用could）：
•问：Could I borrow your book?（我能借你书吗？）
•答：Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.（√不用could）
三、中考常考答语搭配
问句类型
肯定回答
否定回答
教材原句示例
请求（Can/Could
you...?）
Sure./No problem./Of
course.
Sorry, but...（需说明理
由）
①Can you help me?
Sure!②Could you
sweep the floor? Yes,
Dad. I’ll do it at once.
许可（Can/Could I...?）Yes, you can./Of
course you can.
No, you can’t.（直接
拒绝）/I’m afraid not.
（更委婉）
①Can I put flowers
here? Yes, good idea!
②Could I go out?
Sorry, you have to
pack up first.
03 难点强化
1．—Can you come to my party this evening?
—Sorry, I ________. I have to prepare ________ my exams.
A．can’t; of B．can’t; for
C．couldn’t; of D．couldn’t; for
2．—Could I use your bike?
—Yes, you ________.
A．could B．must
C．can
3．—It is too hot today. ________ I swim in the river, Mom?
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—No, you ________. It’ s too dangerous!
A．Should; can’t
B．Can; mustn’t
C．May; needn’t
D．Must; needn’t
4．—Miss Wang, _________ we eat in the classroom?
—No, you can’t.
A．can
B．must
C．need
D．will
5．—Could I hang out with my friend, Mom?
— ________. You should study for your math exam.
A．No problem
B．No, you can’t
C．Of course
D．Yes, you could
6．—Mr. Wang, ________ we visit the history museum tomorrow?
—I’m afraid you can’t. It’s closed on Mondays.
A．should
B．need
C．can D．must
7．—Could I do the dishes later, mom?
—OK, you ________. But you ________ finish it before you go out with your friends.
A．can; can
B．can; must
C．could; must
8．— Could I speak to your sister, Tom?
— I’m sorry, you ________. She isn’t at home now.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t
C．can’t
9．—Could I have a look at my new shirt, Mom?
—Sure, you ________.
A．could B．should
C．can D．must
10．— Mom, ________ I invite my friend, Jack, to our home on Sunday?
— Of course, you ________. Hope you will have a good time.
A．must; can’t
B．can; could
C．may; must
D．could; can
11．— ________ you go to the movies with me tomorrow, Bob?
—Sorry. I ________ go to see my grandparents.
A．Can; can B．Can; must
C．May; mustn’t
D．Might; can
12．—______ I take the book home? I really like it.
—Sure. But you ______ keep it clean.
A．May; may B．Can; can C．May; must
D．Must; may
13．— ________ you tell me what electricity is like?
— ________. Let’s do an experiment.
A．Can; No, I can’t
B．May; All right
C．Could; Of course D．Must; OK
14．—________ I use the computer, Mom?
—Yes, you can. But you have to finish your homework first.
A．Should
B．Could
C．Must
D．Would
15．—Mom, could I hang out with my friends tonight?
—________. It’s not very safe.
A．Yes, you could
B．No, you couldn’t
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C．Yes, please
D．Sorry, you can’t
16．—________ you help me do the dishes?
—Sure, no problem.
A．Need B．Could
C．Must
D．May
17．— ________ you please pass me the salt?
— Yes, here you are.
A．Can
B．Should
C．Must
D．Could
18．— Mom, ________ I play computer games?
— Yes, you can. But you have to finish your homework first.
A．must B．could
C．will D．need
19．—Could you please turn down the radio? Your grandfather is sleeping.
—_________.
A．Yes, sure B．Yes, I could
C．No, I can’t
20．—
I use your computer, Dad?
—Yes, you can.
A．Must B．Could
C．Would
D．Should
04 复习提升
真题感知
1．（2024·海南·中考真题）—________ I go out with my friend now, Dad?
—I’m afraid you have to finish your homework first.
A．Can
B．Should
C．Must
2．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）— ________ you show me how to play the violin, Suzy?
— No problem.
A．Can
B．Should
C．Must
D．Need
3．（2024·北京·中考真题）— Bill, ________ I use your ruler?
— Of course you can. Here you are.
A．can
B．must
C．need
D．should
4．（2023·湖南怀化·中考真题）—______ I join the volunteer program on weekends?
—Of course you can.
A．Can
B．Must
C．Should
5．（2023·云南·中考真题）—Excuse me, may I use my phone now?
—Sorry, you ________. The plane is taking off.
A．need
B．needn’t
C．can
D．can’t
6．（2022·北京·中考真题）—_________ I take photos here?
—Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.
A．Must
B．Need
C．Can
D．Will
7．（2023·四川达州·中考真题）—Jack, could you please help me take out the trash?
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—Sorry, І ________, mom. I ________ my homework now.
A．couldn’t, am doing B．can’t, am doing
C．can’t, do
8．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）—Wilson, ________ you help me carry the box upstairs?
—Sure, no problem.
A．could
B．need
C．should
D．might
9．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）—Excuse me. _______ I sit here?
—You’d better not. It’s the man’s seat.
A．Must
B．Need
C．Could
D．Should
10．（2018·四川·中考真题）________ you please tell me the way to the nearest bank?
A．Could
B．Should
C．Must
11．（2021·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）My car is broken. ________ you please give me a lift?
A．Must
B．Need
C．Should
D．Could
12．（2021·四川乐山·中考真题）—Could I ride an electric bicycle to school, Mr. Wang?
—No, you__________. Students under the age of 16 aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles.
A．couldn’t
B．needn’t
C．can’t
13．（2020·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—Could you hang out with me, Kate?
—Sorry, I ________. I have to do my homework.
A．couldn't
B．needn't
C．can't
D．shouldn't
14．（2020·湖北十堰·中考真题）—______ you please take the dog for work?
—OK, but I have to fold the clothes first.
A．Must
B．Should
C．Could
D．May
15．（2020·湖北咸宁·中考真题）—Mum, it’s too hot. ___________I swim in the lake with my friends?
—No, you ___________. That’s too dangerous!
A．Could; mustn’t
B．Need; couldn’t C．Must; needn’t
D．Should;
can’t
16．（2020·北京·中考真题）—________ you give me a hand? I can't move the box by myself.
—No problem.
A．Could
B．Should
C．Must
D．Need
17．（2021·江苏徐州·中考真题）________ you raise your feet off the floor? I’d like to see if my pen is
under the desk.
A．Must
B．Can
C．Should
D．May
18．（2021·北京·中考真题）—Sam, ________ I join you in the community service?
—Of course you can.
A．can
B．must
C．should
D．need
19．（2020·湖北黄石·中考真题）—Mom, ________I watch TV tonight?
—Sure, but you ________finish your homework first.
A．can, mustn't B．may; could
C．may; can't
D．can; must
20．（2019·江苏·中考真题）- ______________I keep the book for a week?
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- Sorry, I'm afraid you ______________.
A．Need; couldn't
B．Need; can't
C．May; couldn't D．May; can’t
提升专练
一、完成句子
1．——请问我能用一下你的自行车吗？
——不，你不能。我得骑车外出。
—
I
your bike?
—No, you
. I have to go out.
2．——你把房间打扫一下好吗？
——对不起，我得做作业。
—
you
the room?
—Sorry, I
. I have to do my homework.
3．——今晚你能帮我学英语吗？
——对不起，我没有空。
—
you help me
my English this evening?
—Sorry, I’m not
.
4．——周六你能来参加我的聚会吗？
——当然，我愿意去。
—
you
to my party on Saturday?
—
.
5．——请你帮我洗车好吗？
——对不起，我不能。我必须去上学。
—Could you please help me wash the car?
—
,
. I have to go to school.
6．——请问我能看电视吗？
——是的，你能。
—
I watch TV?
—Yes, you
.
7．——请你帮我学英语好吗？
——好的，当然可以。
—
you
help me with my English?
—Yes,
.
8．请你把垃圾倒掉好吗？
you
take out the rubbish?
9．——今晚我可以去你的派对吗？——是的，你可以。
—
go to your party tonight?
—
,
.
10．—我可以去看电影吗？
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—对不起，你不能去。你得学习准备数学考试。
—
I
to the movies?
—Sorry, you
. You
study for the math test.
三、句型转换
11．I want to use your bike. (改为委婉语气)
your bike?
12．Pass me the new shirt. (用could 改写句子)
pass the new shirt to me?
13．Could you please clean your room now?（改为否定句）
Could you please
your room now?
14．How about going out for lunch with Jack? (用could 改写句子)
we
out for lunch with Jack?
15．—Could you please help do the dishes?(作肯定回答).
—
,
.
16．Q：Could I use your bicycle? (No/need it today)
A：
17．Q：Could I stay out late? (No/babysit your sister)
A：
18．Mom, could I go to the movie this evening?（对问句作否定回答）
, you
. You must finish your homework first.
19．Q: Could you please make your bed? (Yes/sure)
A:
20．Could I swim in the river with my friends, Mom? (作否定回答)
