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专题04 祈使句、there be 句型和特殊疑问句
考点聚焦
重点速记
祈使句
考点一：语法概述
祈使句表达请求、命令、警告、劝告、禁止等含义。一般以动词原形开头，常省略主语“you”，句末
用感叹号或句号，读时常用降调。
考点二：祈使句的类型
1.Do 型
肯定形式：实义动词原形+ 其他。例如：Open the door!（打开门！）
否定形式：Don't + 实义动词原形+ 其他。例如：Don't forget to turn off the lights.（别忘了关灯。）
2.Be 型
肯定形式：Be + 形容词。例如：Be careful!（小心！）
否定形式：Don't + e + 形容词。例如：Don't be lazy.（别偷懒。）
3.Let 型
肯定形式：Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其他。例如：Let's play football.（咱们踢足球吧。）
否定形式：
Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其他。例如：Don't let the dog in the house.（别让狗进屋子。）
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Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其他。例如：Let him not go out alone.（别让他一个人出去。）
4.No 型
结构：No + 名词／动词- ing。例如：No parking.（禁止停车。）；No littering.（禁止乱扔垃圾。）
5.其他
形式：直接用名词、副词或“名词+ 副词” 等。例如：Attention!（注意！）；Forward!（向前！）；Hands
down!（把手放下！）
考点三：知识拓展
1.强调：有时为强调，可在句首加“Do” 或将祈使句的主语表示出来。例如：Do come in.（务必进来。）；
You clean the classroom.（你打扫教室。）
2.委婉客气：为使祈使句语气委婉、客气，可在句首或句末加“please”，当“please” 用在句末时，
常用逗号与其余部分隔开。例如：Please pass me the book.（请递给我那本书。）；Come in, please.（请
进。）
巧学妙记：
祈使句表命令，还表请求或建议。
动词原形放句首，主语是you 常省去。
Don't 置前表否定，let 否定有两种。
想要客气please，Do 置开头强语气。
考点四：祈使句的回答
祈使句通常表示将要发生的动作，回答时一般用“will”或“won't”。回答肯定形式的祈使句用“will”，
回答否定形式的祈使句用“won't”。
例如：
“Please call me tomorrow.（请明天给我打电话。）”
“OK, I will.（好的，我会的。）”
“Don't run in the hallway.（不要在走廊里跑。）”
“Sorry, I won't.（对不起，我不会了。）”
There be 句型
考点一：There be 句型结构
there be 句型表示某处有某人或某物。常用结构为：there is/are ＋某人/某物＋地点状语。There is
a computer on the desk.
桌子上有一台电脑。
There are twenty students in the classroom.
教室里有20 个学生。
1）肯定句：
There is a computer in your study.
2）否定句--在“be”后加“not”：There isn’t a computer in your study.
3）一般疑问句--将“be”提到“there”之前：—— Is there a computer in your study?
——Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
当肯定句中有some 时，变否定和疑问句要将其改为any
There is some water on Mars. →Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
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4）特殊疑问句：There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化：
①对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？How many apples are there on the tree?
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？
How much water is there in the bottle?
There are 45 students
in our class.(就划线部分提问）
_____ _____ students _____ there in _____ class?
②对主语提问：当主语是人时，用"Who's+介词短语?"；
当主语是物时，用"What's + 介词短语?"。
注：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用is(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?
③对地点状语提问：提问地点用"Where is / are+主语?"
There is a computer on the desk. →Where is the computer?
地点状语也可放在句首，有时可用“，”与后面的部分隔开。
There are some pictures on the wall.=On the wall, there are some pictures.
考点二：There be 的be 动词确定
在there be 句型中，be 为谓语动词，它在人称和数上应与其临近的主语保持一致。
(1) 若主语为单数或不可数名词，be 动词用is。
There is a photo of a star on the wall.
墙上有一张明星照。
(2)若主语是可数名词复数，be 动词用are。
There are many animals in the zoo.
动物园里有许多动物。
(3)若有多个主语并列时，谓语动词一般采用“就近原则”。
There is a boy and four girls in our classroom.
There are four girls and a boy in our classroom.
考点三：there be 与have(has)区别
there be 句型与have(has)t 同为“有”的意思，但用法有区别。there be 结构表示“某地存在某物”；
have(has)表示“某人拥有某物”。
There is an orange in the box.
盒子里有一个橘子。(表示存在)
Tony has a car.
托尼有一辆汽车。(表示某人拥有)
当have 表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。
eg.
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.
特殊疑问句
考点一：概念
特殊疑问句是用特殊疑问词引导，对句中某一成分进行提问的句子。回答时要给出具体信息，不能简
单用yes 或no，句末通常用降调。
考点二：疑问词的分类及用法
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（1）疑问代词
①who/whom：
用法：对人进行提问，who 在句中作主语或宾语，whom 只作宾语（在口语中常用who 代替whom）。
例句：Who is your teacher?（谁是你的老师？）这里who 作主语。
例句：Who/Whom did you meet yesterday?（你昨天遇到谁了？）这里who/whom 作宾语。
②whose：
用法：对名词所有格或物主代词进行提问，表示“谁的”。
例句：Whose book is this?（这是谁的书？）
③what：
用法：对事物进行提问。
例句：What is your favorite sport?（你最喜欢的运动是什么？）
④which：
用法：对特定范围内的人或事物进行提问，意为“哪一个”。
例句：Which color do you like better, red or blue?（红色和蓝色，你更喜欢哪一个颜色？）
（2）疑问副词
①when：
用法：对时间进行提问。
例句：When do you get up every day?（你每天什么时候起床？）
②where：
用法：对地点进行提问。
例句：Where is your school?（你的学校在哪里？）
③why：
用法：对原因进行提问。
例句：Why are you late?（你为什么迟到？）
④how：
用法：对行为方式、身体状况或程度等进行提问。
例句：How do you go to school?（你怎么去上学？）这里问方式。
例句：How are you feeling today?（你今天感觉怎么样？）这里问身体状况。
（3）疑问词组
①what class/grade：
用法：对所在班级或年级进行提问。
例句：What class are you in?（你在哪个班级？）
②what colour：
用法：对颜色进行提问。
例句：What colour is your bag?（你的书包是什么颜色？）
③what time：
用法：对时间点进行提问。
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例句：What time is it now?（现在几点了？）
④how many：
用法：对可数名词的数量进行提问。
例句：How many students are there in your class?（你们班有多少学生？）
⑤how much：
用法：对不可数名词的量或事物的价钱进行提问。
例句：How much water do you need?（你需要多少水？）
例句：How much is this shirt?（这件衬衫多少钱？）
⑥how old：
用法：对年龄进行提问。
例句：How old are you?（你多大了？）
⑦how tall：
用法：对高度进行提问。
例句：How tall is the building?（这座建筑物有多高？）
⑧how often：
用法：对频率进行提问。
例句：How often do you play basketball?（你多久打一次篮球？）
how long：
用法：对长度或时间段进行提问。
例句：How long is the river?（这条河有多长？）
例句：How long have you lived here?（你在这里住了多久了？）
how far：
用法：对距离进行提问。
例句：How far is it from your home to school?（从你家到学校有多远？）
what day：
用法：对星期进行提问。
例句：What day is it today?（今天星期几？）
难点强化
祈使句
1．_________ call me Wangwang! It’s my dog’s name!
A．Not
B．No
C．Don’t
D．Doesn’t
2．—________ late for class again.
—Sorry, I won’t。
A．Don’t
B．Don’t be
C．Not be
D．Be not
3．Don’t ______ in the hallways. It’s dangerous.
A．run
B．runs
C．running
D．to run
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4．________ late for class again, Lily.
A．Be
B．Can’t
C．Don’t be
D．Don’t
5．—Attention, please! ________ inside because of the heavy rain.
—We will, Mr Li.
A．To stay
B．Stay
C．Staying
D．Stays
6．—John, ________ up now or we’ll be late for the bus.
—All right. I’ll be quick.
A．gets
B．get
C．to get
D．getting
7．—John, _________ the classroom right now. It’s too dirty.
—OK.
A．clean
B．to clean
C．cleaning
D．not clean
8．Hurry up, ________ you’ll miss the bus.
A．and
B．so
C．because
D．or
9．Read more books, ________ you will improve your reading skills.
A．so
B．such
C．and
D．or
10．_______ a diary, and you will improve your writing skills.
A．Keep
B．Keeps
C．To keep
D．Keeping
There be 句型
1．—________ something wrong with my computer. Can I use yours?
—No problem.
A．It is
B．It was
C．There is
D．There was
2．There ________ any books on your desk.
A．aren’t
B．isn’t
C．don’t
D．doesn’t
3．There ________ a tiger and two lions in the zoo.
A．is
B．are
C．have
D．has
4．There ________ some water in the pond. Do you want to go fishing?
A．is
B．are
C．have
D．has
5．—Are there any students in the playground?
—________. All of them are in the classroom.
A．Yes, there are
B．No, there aren’t
C．Yes, they are
D．No, they aren’t
6．How many members ______ in your reading group?
A．are there
B．there is
C．is there
D．there are
7．—Is there a supermarket around the old street?
—________. I often go shopping there.
A．Yes, there is
B．No, there isn’t C．Yes, there are
D．No, there aren’t
8．There ______ some old houses near my school last year.
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．were
9．—Is ________ an ________ panda in the picture?
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—No, there isn’t.
A．there; smart
B．those; interesting
C．there; ugly
D．that; scary
10．There are ________ in the classroom.
A．a student
B．a students
C．two student
D．two students
特殊疑问句
1．— ________ is the nearest hospital from here?
— About two kilometers.
A．How long
B．How far
C．How often
D．How soon
2．—______ do you go to the library?
—Twice a week.
A．How long
B．How often
C．How far
D．How soon
3．—
are you going to London?
—I think I will take a train to get there.
A．What
B．How
C．Why
D．Where
4．—Could you please tell me ________ the library is from here?
—It’s about fifteen minutes’ ride.
A．how soon
B．how long
C．how far
D．how many
5．—________ did you do in the activity?
—We planted trees and cleaned the garden.
A．What
B．When
C．Where
D．How
6．—________?
—They are listening to music.
A．What do they do
B．What are you doing
C．How’s it going
D．What are your grandparents doing
7．—________ is the boy reading now?
—In the classroom.
A．What
B．Where
C．How
D．When
8．—________ does he go to clubs after school?
— Never.
A．How many
B．How much
C．How often
D．How long
9．—________ do you like pandas?
—Because they are pretty fun.
A．What
B．When
C．Where
D．Why
10．—________ was your first English teacher?
—Miss Zhou.
A．What
B．Who
C．Where
D．When
11．—________ salt (盐) do you need to cook Capsicum Fried Meat (辣椒炒肉)?
—Two teaspoons.
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A．How many
B．How far
C．How much
D．How old
12．—________ does it take you to get to school?
—About 20 minutes.
A．How long
B．How far
C．How many
D．How much
13．—__________ new bikes are these?
—I think they are __________.
A．Whose; Tim and Tom’s
B．Who’s; Tim’s and Tom’s
C．Who’s; Tim and Tom’s
D．Whose; Tim’s and Tom’s
14．—________ is your telephone number?
—It’s 0532-86982896.
A．How many
B．How much
C．Where
D．What
15．—________ is the new coat?
—It’s 80 yuan.
A．How many
B．How much
C．How long
D．How often
16．—________ milk do you need?
—Two bottles.
A．How many
B．How much
C．How long
D．How far
复习提升
真题感知
1．（2023·上海·中考真题）Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety.
A．or
B．so
C．and
D．but
2．（2023·西藏·中考真题）________ swimming in the river! It’s dangerous!
A．Go
B．Goes
C．Don’t go
D．To go
3．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）David, go to bed early, ________ you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow.
A．and
B．unless
C．or
D．but
4．（2023·河北·中考真题）Hurry up, ________ you will miss the beginning of the concert.
A．so
B．or
C．and
D．but
5．（2023·甘肃武威·中考真题）________ trying and do your best.
A．Keep
B．Keeping
C．To keep
D．Kept
6．（2023·吉林长春·中考真题）_______ less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall
asleep.
A．Spend
B．Spending
C．To spend
D．Spent
7．（2022·西藏·中考真题）Don’t ________ any noise when you are in the library.
A．makes
B．make
C．making
D．made
8．（2022·上海·中考真题）Have a balanced diet and exercise regularly _______ you will stay healthy.
A．and
B．or
C．but
D．for
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9．（2022·山东济南·中考真题）________ more in your daily life, and you’ll be full of energy.
A．Exercise
B．To exercise
C．Exercises
D．Exercising
10．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）Have a try, ________ you will never know what you can achieve.
A．or
B．while
C．till
D．and
11．
（24-25 七年级上·江苏盐城·期末）There ________ any bottles of juice in the fridge, but there is some
tea in the kitchen.
A．aren’t
B．isn’t
C．are
D．is
12．（24-25 七年级上·吉林长春·期末）There ________ some beautiful flowers on the teacher’s desk.
A．is
B．has
C．are
D．have
13．（23-24 七年级下·北京通州·期末）There ______ some old houses near my school last year.
A．is
B．are
C．was
D．were
14．（22-23 七年级下·重庆开州·期末）Look, ___________ many restaurants in front of the bank.
A．has
.
B．have
C．there is
D．there are
15．（2024·四川·中考真题）—________ did Mike say when you told him about the party?
—He said he would be happy to come.
A．How
B．When
C．Why
D．What
16．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—Excuse me. ________ can I get the car if I order it today?
—In a month.
A．How soon
B．How long
C．How much
D．How often
17．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob?
—For about half an hour.
A．How much
B．How long
C．How often
D．How many
18．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）—________ do the notebooks cost?
—They are five yuan each.
A．How much
B．How many
C．How often
D．How long
19．（2024·西藏·中考真题）They are good at drawing, but ________ painting is the best?
A．whose
B．whom
C．what
D．who
20．（2024·西藏·中考真题）—This watch is cool! ________ is it?
—198 yuan.
A．How many
B．How much
C．How long
D．How old
21．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Fanfan, _______ do you read books after school every day?
—For about one hour. And I often write down my ideas while reading.
A．how far
B．how long
C．how often
D．how soon
22．（2024·北京·中考真题）— Lily, your new schoolbag is pretty. ________ did you buy it?
— In a store near my home.
A．How
B．Where
C．Why
D．When
23．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）—______ is it from Changzhou to Beijing?
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—It is about four hours’ ride by high-speed train.
A．How long
B．How far
C．How soon
D．How often
24．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—________ are these sports socks?
—10 yuan for 3 pairs.
A．How many
B．How much
C．How often
D．How long
25．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）________ is the girl wearing a scarf? Is she your sister?
A．Who
B．Which
C．What
D．Where
26．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—________ was the zipper invented?
—In 1893.
A．When
B．How
C．Why
D．Where
27．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）—________ have you been learning English?
—For 7 years.
A．How old
B．How long
C．How often
D．How big
提升专练
1．— ________ out of the window. Please listen to the teacher.
— ________
A．Doesn’t look; Good idea!
B．Don’t look; Sorry, I won’t.
C．Don’t look; OK!
D．Not look; No way!
2．Jim, ________ eat in the classroom!
A．not
B．don’t
C．doesn’t
D．no
3．________ make any noise. You’re in the reading room.
A．Doesn’t
B．Didn’t
C．Don’t
D．Did
4．Jenny, ________ out the form please. You are allowed to join the sports club.
A．fills
B．fill
C．will fill
D．filled
5．________ quiet, Peter. Your mother is writing a report.
A．Keep
B．To keep
C．Keeping
D．Keeps
6．Please _________ hard and you’ll get good grades in this exam.
A．study
B．to study
C．studying
D．studied
7．—Mum, what should I do now?
— ________ the fruit into small pieces, please.
A．Cut
B．To cut
C．Cutting
D．Cuts
8．Have enough sleep, ________ you’ll get better soon.
A．but
B．and
C．if
D．while
9．Study hard, ________ you’ll make great progress in English.
A．or
B．and
C．because
D．so
10．Be more careful, ________ I’m sure you will make fewer mistakes.
A．so
B．but
C．or
D．and
11．________ 20 girls in my class, and I ________ two good friends of them.
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A．There have; are
B．There have; have
C．There is; are
D．There are; have
12．There ________ a robot in every family in the future.
A．is
B．are
C．will be
D．will have
13．There ________ five people in my ________.
A．are; home
B．is; home
C．are; family
D．is; family
14．There _______ a computer on every student’s desk in the future.
A．is
B．was
C．will be
D．will have
15．There is a post office across from the park.
A．表语
B．主语
C．宾语
D．定语
16．There are not many giant pandas ________ in the world.
A．live
B．to live
C．living
D．lives
17．—________ is it from your home to the park?
—It’s about five minutes’ walk.
A．How many
B．How much
C．How long
D．How far
18．—________?
—Next to the window.
A．What colour are the bookcases
B．How much are the bookcases
C．Where are the bookcases
D．Are there any bookcases
19．—Excuse me, sir. ________ is the water?
—Two yuan a bottle.
A．How much
B．How many
C．How long
D．How old
20．— ________ do you celebrate your birthday each year, Emma?
—I usually eat out with my family on that day.
A．Who
B．How
C．Why
D．When
21．— _________ do you do morning exercise every day?
— To stay in shape.
A．What
B．How
C．Where
D．Why
22．—________ workers are there in each workshop?
—There are 20 to 100 workers.
A．How much
B．How many
C．How about
D．How long
23．—_________ is the sports hall?
—It’s in the front of my school.
A．Where
B．What
C．When
D．How
24．—________ is the yogurt?
— Two yuan.
A．How old
B．How long
C．How many
D．How much
25．—________ piano is this?
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— My mother’s.
A．Who
B．Where
C．How
D．Whose
26．—What does your sister ________ after school?
—She often ________ TV.
A．does; watches
B．does; watch
C．do; watches
D．do; watch
27．—________ does Lin Hua usually go to bed?
—At ten to ten. And it is too late for me.
A．How old
B．How long
C．How many
D．What time
28．—________ do you think of my red dress?
—Beautiful. You look nice ________ red.
A．What; in
B．How; in
C．What; on
D．How; on
29．—________ do you feel about IT?
—It’s easy and relaxing.
A．Why
B．How
C．Which
D．Who
30．—________ do you usually play basketball?
—I usually play basketball before dinner.
A．What time
B．When
C．How often
D．How
