专题01 动词时态（一般过去时和一般将来时）
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系
脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区
典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学
03 综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
考情解码
一般过去时
1. 识别过去时间标志词
（yesterday、last...、...ago、just
now 等）
2. 规则 / 不规则动词过去式
变形
3. 四种基础句型（肯 / 否 / 一
般疑问 / 特殊疑问）运用
4. 描述过去动作、状态、习惯
性行为
5. used to do 固定搭配辨析
6. 时态混合语境辨析
1. 弱化单纯标志词刷
题，侧重上下文语境判断
2. 常与一般现在时、一
般将来时混合辨析
3. 句型转换、动词填空、
完形、语篇时态一致为必
考题型
本时态为初中核心基础时
态，全题型覆盖。单选、
词形转换、句型改写、阅
读理解、书面表达均会考
查；不规则动词过去式、
助动词did/didn't 后接动词
原形是高频易错点；used to
do 短语辨析为热门考点，
侧重在情景句中区分过去
状态与现在变化。
一般将来时
1. 识别将来时间标志词
（tomorrow、next...、in + 时间
段、soon 等）
2. 两大结构：will+动原 / be
going to+动原
3. 四种基础句型（肯 / 否 / 疑
问及回答）
4. 时间 / 条件状语从句主将
从现规则
5. there be 句型的将来时结构
1. 主将从现为高频重难
点，几乎年年考查
2. 常结合情景对话、单
项选择、句型转换出题
3. 易结合 there be 句
型、时态混搭考查
中考重难点时态，主将从
现是连续多年必考考点，
集中出现在单项选择、语
法选择中；there be 句型的
将来时态极易和实义动词
have 混淆，是典型失分点；
书面表达中常用该时态描
述计划、安排、未来设想，
对写作得分至关重要。
知识点一 一般过去时
一、核心定义（初中阶段必背）
一般过去时是表示 过去某个特定时间发生的动作、存在的状态，或 过去习惯性、经常性动作 的
时态。核心特征：动作已结束，与现在无直接关联（比如 “昨天吃饭”“去年住在这里”）。
二、时间标志词（中考高频考点）
1. 具体过去时间（必须牢记）
昨天相关：yesterday（昨天）、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening（昨天上/下/晚上）
上周/月/年：last week/month/year（上周/月/年）、last Monday（上周一）
一段时间前：three days ago（三天前）、two years ago（两年前）、a moment ago（片刻前）
具体年份/季节：in 2019（在 2019 年）、in winter 2022（在 2022 年冬天）
其他：at 8 o’clock last night（昨晚 8 点）、on March 5th, 2020（在 2020 年 3 月 5 日）
脉｜络｜重｜构
考｜点｜精｜讲
2. 模糊过去时间
just now（刚才）、once（曾经）、then（那时）、before（以前）、already（已经，用于过去时）、yet
（还，用于过去时否定/疑问）
三、谓语动词变化（重中之重）
（一）规则动词过去式（占初中动词80%，按规则变形）
变形规则
例词（原形→过去式）
注意事项
1. 一般情况：加 - ed
work→worked、play→played、
look→looked
发音：清辅音后读 /t/（worked），浊辅音
/元音后读 /d/（played）
2. 以 e 结尾：加 - d
live→lived、like→liked、
use→used
直接加 d，不重复 e
3. 辅音+y 结尾：变 y 为 i
加 - ed
study→studied、try→tried、
carry→carried
元音+y 结尾不变（play→played）
4. 重读闭音节（辅+元+
辅）：双写尾字母加 - ed
stop→stopped、
plan→planned、
shop→shopped
尾字母必须是 “辅音+元音+辅音” 且重
读（如 visit→visited 不双写）
（二）不规则动词过去式（初中高频 20 个，必须熟记）
类型
例词（原形→过去式）
记忆技巧
不变形
cut→cut、read→read（发音 /red/）、put→put
原形和过去式一样，重点记发音（read）
变元音
write→wrote、eat→ate、see→saw、
take→took、drink→drank
改变中间元音字母，分组记忆
（write/wrote、ride/rode）
变辅音
build→built、send→sent、spend→spent
词尾加 - t，词根不变
完全变形
go→went、be→was/were、do→did、have→had
单独记忆，中考最高频
四、句子结构（初中必考句型）
1. 肯定句
实义动词：主语+过去式+其他
→ He watched TV last night.（他昨晚看电视了。）
→ They visited Beijing in 2021.（他们 2021 年去了北京。）
be 动词：主语+was/were+表语
→ I was late for school yesterday.（我昨天上学迟到了。）
→ They were in the park just now.（他们刚才在公园。）
2. 否定句
实义动词：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他
→ She didn’t finish her homework.（她没完成作业。）（易错点：didn’t 后必须用原形，不能说 didn’t
finished）
be 动词：主语+wasn’t/weren’t+表语
→ He wasn’t at home yesterday.（他昨天不在家。）
→ We weren’t happy with the result.（我们对结果不满意。）
3. 一般疑问句及回答
实义动词：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did.
否定回答：No, 主语+didn’t.
→ Did you go to the zoo? Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.（你去动物园了吗？是/不是。）
be 动词：Was/Were+主语+表语？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答：No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
→ Were they in Class 3? Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.（他们在三班吗？是/不是。）
4. 特殊疑问句（中考重点题型）
结构：疑问词（what/who/where/when/how 等）+一般疑问句？
→ What did you do last weekend?（你上周末做了什么？）
→ Where were you yesterday afternoon?（你昨天下午在哪里？）
→ How did she get to school this morning?（她今天早上怎么去学校的？）
五、核心用法（初中常考场景）
1.描述过去具体时间的动作（最常用）
→ My father bought a new phone three days ago.（我爸爸三天前买了一部新手机。）
2.描述过去存在的状态
→ The trees were green last spring.（去年春天树是绿的。）
3.描述过去习惯性动作（可与 used to 互换）
→ He walked to school every day when he was 10.（= He used to walk to school every day when he was 10.）
（他 10 岁时每天步行上学。）
4.过去连续发生的动作（按顺序描述）
→ She got up, brushed her teeth and had breakfast.（她起床、刷牙、吃早饭。）
【典例破题】
I have been to Shanghai. I __________there last month.
A．go
B．went
C．goes
D．go to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我去过上海。我上个月去的那里。
根据句中时间状语“last month”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式went。
【巩固提升1】
—Where ________ you ________ yesterday?
—I went to the bookstore.
A．do; go
B．did; go
C．do; went
D．did; went
【巩固提升2】
—Where did you go last weekend?
—I __________ my grandma in the countryside.
A．visited
B．visit
C．visits
D．visiting
【巩固提升3】
There ________ a bridge over the river but now it’s gone.
A．is
B．has been
C．used to be
D．was used to be
知识点二 一般将来时
项目
内容
概念
表示将来发生的动作、情况或打算
时间标志词
tomorrow, next week/year, soon, in the future, in+一段时间
基本结构
肯定句：主语+will+动词原形+其他
否定句：主语+will not (won’t)+动词原形+其他
一般疑问句：Will+主语+动词原形+其他？
回答：Yes, 主语+will. / No, 主语+won’t.
例句
1. I will go to park tomorrow.
2. She won’t watch TV this evening.
项目
内容
3. Will you come to school early?
用法
1. 表示将来要发生的动作
2. 表示临时做出的决定
3. 表示预测、猜想
【典例破题】
—________ you ________ free tomorrow?
—No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A．Are; going to be; will
B．Are; going to; will
C．Are; going to; will be
D．Are; going to be; will be
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你明天有空吗？——不。我后天有空。
Are；going to 和will 都表示将要，“free”是形容词，意为“空闲的”，前面应该有be 动词，在are going to 和
will 后be 动词用原形，应填“Are; going to be; will be”。
【巩固提升1】
My parents ________ a new car next year.
A．is going to buy B．are going to buy
C．bought
D．buys
【巩固提升2】
It ________ the Year of the Rat next year.
A．is going to be
B．is going to
C．will
D．will is
【巩固提升3】
I have no idea when Tom ________ tonight. When he ________ back, I will tell you at once.
A．will come, comes
B．comes, will come
C．will come, will come
D．comes, comes
【巩固提升4】
Sarah often ________ her homework in the library, and she ________ a poster there tomorrow.
A．do, will make
B．did, makes
C．does, makes
D．does, will make
一、单项选择
1．The weather ________ cloudy now, but it ________ sunny this afternoon.
A．is; will be
B．are; is
C．will be; is
D．are; will be
2．There ________ a football match this weekend.
A．will going to be B．is going to be
C．will go to be
D．will be going to
3．Thirty years ago, Zhang Hong ________ a dancer, now he ________ an engineer, and next year he ________ be
retired.
A．is, is, is
B．was, is, /
C．was, was, is
D．was, is, will
4．—Listen! Who ________ in the music room? It sounds so beautiful.
—My sister Lucy—she ________ the school singing club next week.
A．sings; joins
B．singing; join
C．is singing; will join D．will sing; will join
5．—Why are you in such a hurry, John?
—There ________ an NBA basketball game in five minutes.
A．will have
B．will be
C．is going to have
D．are going to be
6．—Jim bought a black pen for his maths teacher. —Great! When ________ he ________ it?
A．did; buy
B．did; bought
C．does; buy
D．does; bought
7．In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became
popular in the southern part of China.
A．has appeared
B．appears
C．will appear
D．appeared
8．I ________ late. But now I ________ up early.
A．used to get up; am used to getting
B．used to sleeping; am used to get
C．am used to sleeping; used to get
D．used to get up; am used for getting
9．On Aug. 1st, Pan Zhanle ________ the world record with a time of 46.40 seconds in the men’s 100-meter
freestyle at the 2024 Paris Olympics.
A．break
B．will break
C．broke
D．breaks
10．—Some people don’t show their talents (天赋) at the very beginning.
—Exactly. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven.
A．mustn’t
B．can’t
C．couldn’t
D．needn’t
11．—I will be very busy today, Paul.
—Don’t worry, Mom. If you work late, I ________ food online myself.
A．will reach
B．will order
C．reach
D．order
12．—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day?
—I ________ a beautiful card for my father.
A．design
B．designed
C．will design
D．was designing
13．— Let’s go boating if it ________ this weekend.
— But nobody knows if it ________.
A．is fine; will rain
B．will be fine; rains
C．will be fine; will rain
D．is fine; rains
14．Next Sunday, he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then he ________ boating in the park.
A．will fly; will go
B．will fly; goes
C．is going to fly; will goes
D．flies; will go
15．I’ve just got two tickets! I ________ to see the new movie with Tony.
A．go
B．went
C．will go
D．have gone
16．— _________ your father at work yesterday?
— No, he went to visit my grandparents in the countryside.
A．Does
B．Did
C．Were
D．Was
17．—________ you buy a gift for your father on Father’s Day this year?
—Of course. I bought a tie for him and he ________ happy with it.
A．Did; is
B．Were; was
C．Were; is
D．Did; was
18．Unluckily, my younger sister ________ off a bike and ________ her leg.
A．fell; hurt
B．felt; hurted
C．felt; hurt
D．falled; hurted
19．—Somebody knocked at the door just now.
—Sorry, I ________ it. I ________ to the music at that time.
A．wasn’t hearing; was listening
B．didn’t hear; listened
C．wasn’t hearing; listened
D．didn’t hear; was listening
20．—Everything was in a mess. The rubbish ________ everywhere, some children were running around and the
tap was dripping.
—So we ________ the floor, turned off the tap and cleaned the desks.
A．was lying; swept
B．lay; sweep
C．was laying; swept
D．lied; sweep
二、单词拼写
21．They ________ a play on the stage yesterday. (performance)
22．He ________ (publish) a new book last year.
23．What ________ (happen) to the little boy when he got lost in the forest?
24．The city ________ (attract) workers from across the world last year.
25．Who ________ (teach) you English last year?
26．Our school ________ (hold) a growing-up party for Grade 8 students next month.
27．—Who ________ (make) a speech next Monday afternoon? —I think Mr. Green is.
28．Hurry up, Tom, or you ________ (miss) the most exciting part of the basketball game.
29．After he finishes his work, he ________ (go) to bed.
30．I ________ (visit) my grandparents in the countryside next week.
三、完成句子
31．She will go to Beijing tomorrow. (变为否定句)
She ________ ________ to Beijing tomorrow.
32．许多家庭今年通过视频通话庆祝节日。
________ ________ will ________ it ________ ________ ________ this year.
33．They will hold a clean-up activity next Sunday because they want to improve the environment.（对划线部分
提问）
________ ________ they ________ a clean-up activity next Sunday?
34．thinks, school, a better place, Bob, won’t be, without any rules (连词成句)
_______________________.
35．from the partner school, will, students, a weekend, our city, a group of, travelling around, spend
_____________________________________________.
36．the, weigh, every, used, to, scientist, samples, day, the (连词成句)
_____________________________________________________________________
37．The 19th of July saw an extreme heatwave in the UK. (改为否定句)
The 19th of July________ an extreme heatwave in the UK.
38．Scientists discovered the new thing by doing experiments. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ scientists discover the new thing?
39．in 1973, grew, Yuan Longping, first, the world’s, hybrid rice plants (连词成句)
________________________________________
40．wrote, a famous book, Li Shizhen, Traditional Chinese Medicine, on (连词成句)
____________________________________.
四、语法选择
My name is Joe. I have a twin brother called Jack. We 41 on the same day, but we are not the same.
I am tall and strong. I like sports. I often go 42 at weekends. I sometimes jog on the track too. My brother
Jack is slim. He is good at 43 puzzles. He also loves making models, especially model planes. So, as for
our personalities, I’m very 44 , while Jack is quiet and doesn’t talk that much.
We study together and help each other. When Jack has trouble in study, I never laugh 45 him. I
always help him 46 out maths problems. He encourages (鼓励) me to read English stories to improve my
English skills. On weekdays after class, we play 47 chess to relax. At weekends, we usually go out to
explore the city. We 48 the city museum tomorrow. We will see what our city 49 like many
years ago and what 50 will be like in the future. I hope we will have fun.
41．A．were born
B．born
C．are born
42．A．swimming
B．swim
C．swims
43．A．do
B．to
C．doing
44．A．act
B．activity
C．active
45．A．in
B．at
C．/
46．A．work
B．working
C．works
47．A．a
B．/
C．the
48．A．visit
B．visited
C．will visit
49．A．was
B．will be
C．is
50．A．it’s
B．it
C．itself
As a rock music lover, I play the electric guitar in the school band. I like to make new songs in my free time.
I 51 write songs and share them online. So my computer has many of my songs. One afternoon, while I am
listening to my music, the sound of my grandpa’s erhu cuts 52 . Music is also my grandpa’s hobby. But it’s a
53 kind of music. Every morning, he carries his erhu to the park, joining his friends to sing Beijing opera. There
54 many fans of them.
Suddenly, 55 exciting idea hits me: “Why don’t we put our music together?” I think. I can write a
song mixing Rock and traditional Chinese music. I rush into Grandpa’s room 56 share my idea. After a
moment of surprise, he looks interested.
Our school 57 an art festival every autumn. This year, we decide 58 part in it together. After a
59 practice, we stand on the stage. I nod to Grandpa, and we begin. The strong sound of the electric guitar
meets the quiet sound of the erhu. Together, they make something new. Soon, everybody moves with 60
music. Grandpa gives me a big smile from the stage, and I smile back. This moment, sharing our hobby is more
than just playing music on the stage.
51．A．never
B．often
C．seldom
52．A．of
B．with
C．in
53．A．difference
B．different
C．differently
54．A．be
B．are
C．is
55．A．an
B．a
C．the
56．A．or
B．but
C．and
57．A．holds
B．held
C．will hold
58．A．take
B．taking
C．to take
59．A．week
B．week’s
C．weeks’
60．A．we
B．us
C．our
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