考点 13 不定式（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
不定式
题型
试卷类型 不定式 考点
语法填空
2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 to bite 不定式作宾语
2023
2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 to be lifted 动词不定式作宾语补足语
2023·全国甲卷 to teach 动词不定式作目的状语
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 to see 目的状语
2022·全国高考乙卷 To strengthen 目的状语
2022
2022·新高考I卷 to increase 目的状语
2022·全国甲卷 to journey 作后置定语
2021新课标II卷 to educate 目的状语
2021 2021全国甲卷 to walk 主语
2021全国乙 to have 目的状语
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于不定式的考查共计10次，主要考查：
1．不定式作目的状语；
2．不定式作定语；
3. 不定式作宾补；
4. 不定式作主语和宾语；
5. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。
【备考策略】系统归类不定式的用法，尤其是不定式作目的状语；熟练掌握不定式的各种形式的意义和用法。
【命题预测】
语法填空对不定式的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查不定式作目的状语。
基础知识：
时态 主动式 被动式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing -----------------
完成进行式 to have been doing -----------------●不定式的否定形式在to 前加上 not或者never。
重难点知识：
考点1 不定式作主语
1. 【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比
骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短
语作真正主语。故填to walk。
2. [2021·八省1月联考）]Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________（make）eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
【答案】to make
【解析】考查不定式。幸运的是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式。此处 it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真
正的主语。故填to make。
【方法指导】
1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯
性的动作时，多用doing作主语。
3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语：
A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth.
【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用 of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest,
lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth.
【以下形容词通常用 for sb 作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe,
dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
3)It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly .
It’s important for the figures _________________ regularly.
【答案】to be updated
【解析】考查不定式。数据定期更新是很重要的。此处it是形式主义，后面的动词不定式的复合结构是真正的主
语。数据是被更新的，故用不定式的被动式。故填to be updated。
考点2 不定式作目的状语
1.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61. (teach) a lesson
or to pass on wisdom.
【答案】to teach【解析】考查不定式。句意:几千年来,人们讲寓言故事或为了教课或为了传递智慧。根据空后的 or to pass on
wisdom可知,此处和后文是并列关系,故填to teach。
2. [2021·浙江 1月] Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use ________
（communicate）.
【答案】to communicate
【解析】考查不定式。研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。此处不定式作目的
状语，原句理解为wild chimpanzees use gestures to communicate。故填to communicate。
3. [2020·海南卷] ______ (survive) in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps.
【答案】To survive
【解析】考查不定式。为了在森林中生存，动物们必须在缝隙间攀爬、跳跃或飞行。此处是不定式作目的状语。
故填To survive。
【方法指导】
1.不定式作目的状语：
1)To complete the project in time, the workers will have to work day and night.
2)To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.
3)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.
4)You must set out at once in order not ( so as not ) to be late for school .
5)Many people have to wear glasses to/in order to/so as to see distant objects clearly.
= To/in order to see distant objects clearly, many people have to wear glasses.
(so as to一般不放在句首)
2. to不定式可作目的状语，doing也可作目的状语。区别是doing前常有一个逗号。
1)The man has come to the town, looking for his lost wife.
2)The lawyer listened with full attention, trying not to miss any point．
3. 为了做…, 某人尽所能；尽力做…
do what sb can to do sth:
do all (that) sb can to do sth:
do everything/anything (that)sb can to do sth:
1)You must do everything that you can to save the woman's life.
2)The farmers ought to do what they can to get in all the rice before the heavy rain.
3)We should do all (that) we can to help the poor people to live through the winter.
4. 不定式作结果状语：
so/such…as to…: (如此…以致…)
enough …to …: (足够)
only to …: (结果)
never to…: (结果再也没有)
too… to…: (太…而不能…)
1)She was so silly as to give all her money to the cheat.
2)They came here so early as to see the famous film stars.
3)I am not such a fool as to believe that kind of thing.
4)The boy is old enough to join the Royal Army.
5)My mother’s uncle went abroad in 1936, never to come back home again.◆only to do/be done: 可译为： “ 结果…” 这是一种预料之外的结果。常含有 “ 惊讶，
失望，放心 ”之意。
only doing sth. 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。
1)She hurried to the station, only to be told that the 9:45 train had left.
2)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
3)His father died, (only) leaving him 1000 pounds.
●a. too + 形/副 + to do sth: 太…而不能做。 不定式为结果状语。
1)The boy is too young to attend school.
2)The man is running too slowly to catch up with his workmates.
●b. too + 形/副 + to do sth: 非常/很…做。
这种用法too后的形容词常是：easy, anxious, eager, willing, glad, pleased, ready, satisfied等, 并且too 前常
有not, only, but, all, just。
1)We are not too sorry to see the new soldiers leave our hometowns.
2)I am only too pleased to take part in the activity.
3)They know but too well to keep it a secret.
4)My tailors are too ready to do some sewing for the middle school students.
5)Such an earthquake is all too likely to happen again in Japan.
5.不定式作原因状语：
1)I am very happy to see you again.
2)You will be disappointed to fail in the college entrance exams next year.
3)She was sorry to have kept us waiting so long.
4)She was happy to have been staying with her aunt.
5)He jumped with joy to see the nice Christmas presents.
★I. 以下形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard, difficult, easy, light, heavy, nice, good, clear, dangerous, pleasant,
interesting, fit, bitter, exciting, comfortable, convenient, amusing, impossible等后常接主动式不定式。如形容词前
有too或 形容词后有enough时，不定式用主动，被动均可。
1)Chongqing is hard/difficult/easy to find on this map.
2)This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
3)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe.
4)In many people’s opinion, that company is pleasant to deal with.
5)This building is dangerous/pleasant/comfortable to live in.
6)The medicine is bitter to drink.
7)That flying bird is impossible to catch.
8)The food is too hot to eat/to be eaten.
9)My schoolbag is too heavy to carry/to be carried.
10)Her schoolbag is light enough to carry/to be carried.
1.（2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）He used different shades of ink ____ ___ (model) the shrimp’s torso (躯
干) and head. These shrimps are not just passive subject matter; rather they are firmly stating their presence.
【答案】to model【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他用不同色调的墨水来展示虾的躯干和头部。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定
式。故填to model。
2.（2023·山西省高三 1 月适应性调研考试（一模））China is developing a new-generation launch vehicle ____
____(send) astronauts to the moon, which will be completed by 2030.
【答案】to send
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国正在开发新一代运载火箭，将宇航员送上月球，并将于2030年完成。根据
语境可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to send。
3.[2020·海南卷] ______（remember）all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down
and bring the list with you to your appointment.
【答案】To remember
【解析】考查不定式。当你还没在医生办公室的时候，为了记住你有的所有问题，把它们写下来，带着这个清单
去预约医生。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填To remember。
4.[2023·吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量检测]Several years ago, Wang left Shandong ______ (live) with his children in
Mengshan county.
【答案】to live
【解析】考查不定式。几年前，王离开山东，和他的孩子们一起住在蒙山县。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填 to
live。
5.（2021·江苏省苏锡常镇四市教学情况调查（一））Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo11 were
amazed as we saw the first man walk on the moon. But ______ (get) there those astronauts literally had to break out of
the huge gravity pull of the earth.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查不定式。句意：但为了到达月球，毫不夸张地说，宇航员们必须挣脱地球对其巨大的引力。句中用
不定式作目的状语。故填to get。
6.（2021·江苏省扬州市调研）China is also actively communicating with Russia and European countries
_________(improve)the compatibility of the BDS so that it can better serve its global users.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查不定式。句意：中国也在积极与俄罗斯和欧洲国家沟通，以提高BDS的兼容性，使其能够更好地为
全球用户服务。分析句子结构可知句子的谓语是is communicating，故空格处填非谓语动词，根据句意，此处表目
的，故用不定式作目的状语。故答案为to improve。
考点3 不定式作定语
(2022·全国甲卷)A visuallychallenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________
(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】to journey
【解析】此处journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前有序数词修饰，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。
【方法指导】
1.不定式作定语：
1)If there’s a lot of work to do, I’m happy to keep on until it is finished.
2)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.3)With the world changing fast, we have something new to deal with all by ourselves every day.
4)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
5)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
6)We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our
company.
2.不定式作定语，修饰序数词等;
1)The first person to arrive at the scene was Tony Black from the police station.
2)She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today .
3) He is a hardworking student. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
3.以下不定式短语的介词不能省去，因为它们前面的名词是它的逻辑宾语：
1)I will find a chair to sit on/in.
2)You should find a bright house to live in.
3)The painter needs to find somewhere to live.
4)Do you have a pen to write a letter with?
5)You will have to buy a piece of paper to write the notice on.
6)At the department store there are a lot of cameras to choose from.
7)He is a good person to work with.
4.以下两句主语是不定式短语的逻辑宾语：
1)The soft bed is very comfortable to sleep on.
2)I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on.
5.注意下面3句的区别：
1)I will attend the meeting to be held next Tuesday. (表将来, 被动)
2)I attended the meeting held last Friday. （表过去, 完成, 被动）
3)I will attend the meeting being held at the hall now. （表进行，被动）
1．(2023·西南名校高三第一次大联考)The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort ________ (get) rid of smallpox.
【答案】to get
【解析】effort后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to get。
2.（2023·江苏省南京市第一中学高三第一次模拟）“We tell people about the club and our goals ____ ____ (raise)
awareness,” said member Kevin Guo, 16.
【答案】to raise
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：16岁的会员Kevin Guo说：“我们向人们介绍这个俱乐部，以及我们提高人们
的认识的目标。”此处用动词不定式充当定语，修饰前面的名词。故填to raise。
3.（2023·江苏省扬州中学测试）Gaining inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique
position as the first city _____ _____ （host) the Summer and Winter Olympics.
【答案】to host
【解析】考查不定式。句意：第二次从翡翠中汲取灵感，彰显了中国首都作为第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城
市的独特地位。序数词后动词不定式做后置定语，修饰city，故填to host。
4.（2023·广东省惠州实验中学5月试题）This community, called Hua Yan Hui, was founded in 2011 following a Hanfurevival (复兴) movement that emerged from growing cultural confidence and the desire ___ (express) national
identity. Since then, he has been volunteering to support the group.
【答案】to express
【解析】考查不定式。句意：这个名为“华严会”的社团成立于2011年，随着汉服复兴运动的兴起，这场运动源
于日益增长的文化自信和表达民族认同的愿望。the desire to do“做……的欲望”，不定式作定语修饰desire，故填
to express。
5. [2021·八省 1 月联考）]In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways ________
（reduce）my carbon footprint on the planet.
【答案】to reduce
【解析】考查不定式。在我的日常生活里，我正在进行一次寻找不同方法来减少碳排放的旅程。此处是短语 way
to do something意为：做事的方法。不定式作定语。故填to reduce。
6. [2021·吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研考试]Another Weibo user wrote, “Thank you for giving me an opportunity
______ (appreciate) the landscape in the countryside.”
【答案】to appreciate
【解析】考查不定式。谢谢你给我一个欣赏乡村风景的机会。句中涉及固定短语“an opportunity to do sth.”，意为
“一个做某事的机会”，此处是不定式短语作定语。故填to appreciate。
考点4 不定式作表语
(2023·重庆市第八中学校4月考)But the one thing that reading a book or talking to someone cannot do is ___ __ ___
(provide) you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot.
【答案】 to provide/provide
【解析】考查不定式。句意：但是，读书或与某人交谈无法做到的一件事就是为您提供步行流浪巴黎的体验。从
one thing...cannot do可知，空处为不定式做表语，主语部分有实义动词do，to可以省略。故填(to)provide。
[2021·云贵川桂四省高三上学期联考]Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe
even revive corals. One option is ______ (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.
【答案】to create/creating
【解析】考查非谓语动词一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语 option的解释说明，
用不定式或动名词均可。故填to create/creating。
【方法指南】
不定式作表语：
不定式作表语时，主语常是: duty, work, job, task, wish, hope, thing, goal, aim,
problem, question, happiness, what, advice, idea…等：
1)Her duty is to look after the old leaders.
2)Their goal is to become a developed district.
3)The problem is where to build the dam.
●to 不定式作表语解释前面do时, to可省去:1)Yesterday all we did was (to) clean the kitchen and the toilet.
2)What I would like to do today is (to) have a good sleep at home.
3)The only thing you need to do now is (to) fill in/up/out the form immediately.
4)All she wanted to do when she got the first prize in the contest was (to) say thanks to her teachers and parents.
考点5 不定式作宾补
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂
或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语
与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。
1.（2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考）Two things I did may have caused people ________(think) that something is
wrong with me.
【答案】to think
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我做的两件事可能让人们认为我有问题。固定搭配cause sb to do sth.“让某人做
某事”。故填to think。
2.（2023·河北省石家庄市全过程测试）No schools are allowed ___ ___ ___ (decline) their appeal for schooling.
【答案】to decline
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：任何学校都不得拒绝他们的入学申请。分析可知，此处是固定搭配 allow…to do
sth.“允许……做某事”的被动形式be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”，不定式作主语补足语。故填to decline。
3.（2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟）After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925,
allowing tourists at home and abroad ________ (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
【答案】to visit
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于 1925年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术
珍品。根据句中谓语“was established”可知，此处应为非谓语动词；固定短语allow sb to do sth 意为：允许某人做
某事，符合句意，故应用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。
【方法指导】
不定式作宾语补足语：
ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:
1)Ms. Hill told the students to copy all the words and expressions in Book Seven.
2)Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.
●在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动
词前不能加to； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。
1)Just now I saw a man rush out of the bank carrying a bag of money.
2)Every morning the blind man listens to the birds sing in the park.3)The boss often makes the boy work like a cow.
4)Just now a man was seen to rush out of the bank carrying a bag of money.
5)Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
6)The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
考点5 不定式作宾语
（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to
decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to
put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】to bite
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还
是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。
1.（2023·河南省安阳市 TOP 二十名校摸底）The ox was originally first, but he was so kind that he agreed ____
____(carry) the little rat across the river.
【答案】to carry
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：牛本来是第一个过河的，但是他很善良，所以同意带着小老鼠过河。结合句意
表示“同意做某事”可知短语为agree to do sth.。故填to carry。
2.（2023·江苏省南通市海门实验学校学情调研二）While much attention is paid to the outside of a bag-its design, brand
and, unavoidably, its price tag, most people tends ___ ___ (ignore) the rich and complex internal life hidden in it.
【答案】to ignore
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据短语tend to do sth.表示“倾向于，往往会”。故填to ignore。
3.（2021·天津滨海新区·高三三模）Some elderly people find it hard________ the things that happened while they were
children.
A．remember B．to remember C．remembering D．remembered
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定式。句意：有些老年人发现很难记住他们小时候发生的事情。此处用it作形式宾语，应用to do
不定式作真正的宾语。故选B。
4. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查形式宾语it。此处it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to tell one from the other。句意：这两个
女孩太相似了以至于陌生人都很难分辨她们。
【方法指南】
不定式作宾语：
like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/
offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…:
1)The boss promised to pay me 2000 US dollars a month.
2)We decide to study harder than ever before.
3)Please remember to buy some medicine for the patient on your way back home.
●it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…
1)We find it necessary to master German and French.
2)I think it a pity to miss such a good chance.
3)We feel/think it our duty to make our country a better place.
4)New technologies have made it possible to produce new products faster and at a lower cost.
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.（2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考）It will use a new system _______ fixed-wing aircraft, which will give it a much
greater combat (作战) capability than its two predecessors (前任), the Liaoning and the Shandong.
【答案】to launch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它将使用一种新的系统发射固定翼飞机，这将使其拥有比前两种型号辽宁舰和
山东舰更大的作战能力。分析句子结构可知launch在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。
故填to launch。
2.（2023·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测）The film, jointly produced by Suzhou Broadcasting Cooperation and
Suzhou Protection and Management Office of Intangible Cultural Heritage, aims ____ ____ (present) an elegant and fresh
Chinese culture to overseas audiences.
【答案】to present
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影是由苏州广电总台和苏州市非遗办联合出品，旨在给海外观众呈现一
个既优雅又鲜活的中国文化。aim to do sth.表示“旨在做某事”，所以应填to present。故填to present。
3.（2023·山东省“学情空间”区域教研共同体联考）GMO food（转基因食品） products became part of the U.S.
diet in the mid-1990s. People who support GMO food say that their potential ____ ____ (solve) world hunger outweighs
any unknown risks.
【答案】to solve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：支持转基因食品的人说，它们解决世界饥饿问题的潜力超过了任何未知的风险。
potential后常用不定式作后置定语，故填to solve。
4.（2023·湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底）In the main cultural venue of Jiaxing city’s Xiuzhou District, Zhejiang Province,
a few elderly women are using their imagination and some bright colors ____ ____ (paint) the wonderful scenes of life in
Jiangnan, or “south of the Yangtze River”.
【答案】to paint
【解析】考查不定式。句意：在浙江省嘉兴市秀州区的文化主会场上，几位老年妇女正在用她们的想象力和一些鲜艳的色彩描绘江南生活的美好景象。根据语境可知，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to paint。
5.（2023·江苏省扬州市宝应县检测）With space for just 40 people at a time, visitors line up ___ ___ (enter) the
library, which only opens on weekends.
【答案】to enter
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于一次只能容纳40人，游客排队进入图书馆，图书馆只在周末开放。结合句
意，游客排队的目的是进入图书馆，表目的应用不定式。故填to enter。
6.(2023·云南省曲靖市一中高质量监测（五）) ________ (address) the problems, Yan improved Dai’s papermaking
technology, thus saving production time and reducing labor costs.
【答案】To address
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决这个问题，严改进了傣族的造纸技术，从而节省了生产时间，降低了
劳动力成本。句中用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了……”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填 To address。
7.（2023·江苏省镇江市调研）The “Asian Games International Class” was specially set up for foreign friends living in
Zhejiang ____ ____ (welcome) the 19th Asian Games, which will introduce the cultural and tourism resources of Zhejiang.
【答案】to welcome
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为迎接第19届亚运会，专门为旅在浙江的外国朋友开设“亚运国际班”，介绍
浙江的文化旅游资源。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式 to do“为了……”，作目的状语，满足句意要求。故填to
welcome。
8.（2023·河北省石家庄市全过程测试）No schools are allowed ___ ___ ___ (decline) their appeal for schooling.
【答案】to decline
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：任何学校都不得拒绝他们的入学申请。分析可知，此处是固定搭配 allow…to do
sth.“允许……做某事”的被动形式be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”，不定式作主语补足语。故填to decline。
9.（2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟联考） She’s leading a group of students and parents to a garden ________(collect)
data.
【答案】to collect
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她带领一群学生和家长到一个花园收集数据。非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动
词的不定式形式。故填to collect。
10.（2023·江苏省淮安市两校（楚州中学、新马中学）联考）In 1946, he left his hometown ____ ____ (study) at
Beifang University, where he began publishing poems and novels.
【答案】to study
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：1946年，他离开家乡到北方大学学习，在那里他开始出版诗歌和小说。结合句
意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to study。
11.(2023·重庆市第八中学校4月考)But the one thing that reading a book or talking to someone cannot do is ___ __ ___
(provide) you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot.
【答案】 to provide/provide
【解析】考查不定式。句意：但是，读书或与某人交谈无法做到的一件事就是为您提供步行流浪巴黎的体验。从
one thing...cannot do可知，空处为不定式做表语，主语部分有实义动词do，to可以省略。故填(to)provide。
12. (2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟) ___ _ ____ (welcome) Lichun, ancient emperors and officials dressed up
and held grand ceremonies on this day to worship the God of the Spring.
【答案】To welcome
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了迎接立春，古代的皇帝和官员会在这一天盛装打扮，举行盛大的仪式，祭拜春神。根据句意，“(welcome) Lichun”作目的状语，welcome是非谓语动词，应用不定式to welcome表示目的；
句首单词首字母大写。故填To welcome。
13.（2023·江苏省南京市第一中学高三第一次模拟）“We tell people about the club and our goals ____ ____ (raise)
awareness,” said member Kevin Guo, 16.
【答案】to raise
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：16岁的会员Kevin Guo说：“我们向人们介绍这个俱乐部，以及我们提高人们
的认识的目标。”此处用动词不定式充当定语，修饰前面的名词。故填to raise。
14. （2023·江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪第一次质量监测）With 100 days ____ ____ (go) before the college
entrance examination, our school held a coming-of-age ceremony for Senior 3 students.
【答案】to go
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：距离高考还有100天，我们学校为高三学生举行了成人仪式。分析句子可知，
空格处考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。根据句意，距离高考还有100天，此处表将来，应用动词不定式，作
宾语补足语。故填to go。
15.（2023·湖北省模拟）Today in Weifang, there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites, which can be
made ___ ____ __ (represent) people’s ideals and desires.
【答案】to represent
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今在潍坊，风筝的形状和大小几乎没有限制，可以用来代表人们的理想和原
文。分析句子可知，空格处为句子目的状语，应使用动词不定式，故填to represent。
16.（2023·江苏省扬州中学测试）Gaining inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique
position as the first city _____ _____ （host) the Summer and Winter Olympics.
【答案】to host
【解析】考查不定式。句意：第二次从翡翠中汲取灵感，彰显了中国首都作为第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城
市的独特地位。序数词后动词不定式做后置定语，修饰city，故填to host。
17.（2023·广东省惠州实验中学 5月试题）This community, called Hua Yan Hui, was founded in 2011 following a
Hanfu revival (复兴) movement that emerged from growing cultural confidence and the desire ___ (express)
national identity. Since then, he has been volunteering to support the group.
【答案】to express
【解析】考查不定式。句意：这个名为“华严会”的社团成立于2011年，随着汉服复兴运动的兴起，这场运动源
于日益增长的文化自信和表达民族认同的愿望。the desire to do“做……的欲望”，不定式作定语修饰desire，故填
to express。
18.（2023·江苏省镇江实验高中检测）The history of Chinese characters dates back to ancient times, with a history of at
least several thousand years. It is agreed that hanzi began as simple pictures, images that the ancient Chinese people drew,
painted, and carved ___ ___ (describe) nature and their lives.
【答案】to describe
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们一致认为，汉字最初是作为简单的图画，是古代中国人民绘制、绘画和雕
刻来描述自然和他们的生活的图像。句子谓语动词为began，所以动词describe要以非谓语的形式出现。根据句意
可知，此处表达“用来描述自然和他们的生活的图像”，所以用不定式表目的。故填to describe。
19.（2023·江苏省常州市教育学会学业水平监测）However, more significantly, Mbappé has scored nine goals in World
Cups, becoming the first player ____ ____ (reach) that mark before his 24th birthday. Mbappé passed two footballing
legends with his double. Both Diego Maradona and Cristiano Ronaldo have eight World Cup goals to their names.【答案】to reach
【解析】考查不定式。句意：然而，更重要的是，Mbappé在世界杯上打进了9球，成为第一个在24岁生日之前达
到这一目标的球员。设空处修饰名词player作定语，名词前面有the first修饰，一般用不定式作后置定语，故填to
reach。
20.（2023·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学第三次模拟）JongMay Urbonya is an American lady full of surprises: she is fluent
in Mandarin; she is so enthusiastic about Hanfu as ____ ___ (wear) that every day.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：JongMay Urbonya是一位充满惊喜的美国女士：她说一口流利的普通话;她非常
喜欢汉服，每天都穿。分析句子结构可知，此处为“so...as to do sth.”结构，意为“如此……以致于……”，所以
使用不定式形式，且表主动意义。故填to wear。
21.(2023·江苏省徐州市高三5月模拟) In recent years, however, Wuxi has carried out a series of reforms and innovation
(promote) the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage projects.
【答案】to promote
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但近年来，无锡市在推进非物质文化遗产项目传承方面进行了一系列改革创
新。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填to promote。
22.(2023·广东省深圳市二调) So people in Nuanquan made use of scrap iron and developed Da Shuhua as a
way________(celebrate) festivals.
【答案】to celebrate
【解析】考查非谓语的不定式。句意：因此，暖泉人利用废铁，发展了打树花作为庆祝节日的一种方式。固定结
构为a way to do sth.。故填to celebrate。
23.(2023·河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调） ________ (preserve) the ancient tea trees, Yunnan Province has passed a
protection regulation recently,clarifying that wild and cultivated tea plants aged over 100 years should be better protected in
the province.
【答案】To preserve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护古茶树，云南省最近通过了一项保护条例，明确了要更好地保护该省
100年以上的野生和栽培茶树。本句有谓语has passed ，故使用非谓语动词形式，分析句意，表示“为了保护”，
故用不定式作目的状语。句首单词的首字母应大写。故填To preserve。
24.（2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模）This made tea easier ________ (transport) and more plea sig to the
tongue.
【答案】to transport
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这使茶叶更容易运输且偿起来很好。make sth.+形容词+to do固定用法，意为
“使得做某事是……”，故填to transport。
25.（2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟）After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in
1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad ________ (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
【答案】to visit
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于 1925年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术
珍品。根据句中谓语“was established”可知，此处应为非谓语动词；固定短语allow sb to do sth 意为：允许某人做
某事，符合句意，故应用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。
26.（2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学4月押题） “We don’t have relevant experience________(refer) to, so
we have to build the zone by doing our research and exploration,” Liu Ye, a professor at Tsinghua University, said toXinhua.
【答案】to refer
【解析】考查不定式。句意：清华大学教授刘烨对新华社表示：“我们没有相关经验可供参考，所以我们必须通
过研究和探索来建设这个区域”。根据句意和所给动词refer以及句中的动词have分析句子可知，空格处应该填入
不定式形式作定语（have something to do）。故填to refer。
26.（2023·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟）This community, called Hua Yan Hui, was founded in 2011
following a Hanfu revival(复兴) movement that emerged from growing cultural confidence and the desire
________(express) national identity.
【答案】to express
【解析】考查不定式。句意同上。the desire to do“做……的欲望”，故用不定式作定语修饰 desire，故填 to
express。
27.（2023·广东省名校联盟高三3月大联考） This led to a number of people making bungee jumps for TV shows or as
a way_______(show) off their skills, often off extremely famous structures such as the Eiffel Tower.
【答案】to show
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这导致许多人在电视节目中蹦极，或者作为一种炫耀技能的方式，通常是从埃
菲尔铁塔等非常著名的建筑物上蹦极。分析句子可知，此空填动词不定式，to show作way的后置定语。故填to
show。
28.（2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考模拟预测）Officials organized the ceremonies ________ (celebrate) the day and
people visited each other with delicious food.
【答案】to celebrate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：官员们组织仪式来庆祝这一天，人们用美味的食物互相拜访。所填词作目的状
语，用动词不定式。故填to celebrate。
能力提升
【2023·浙江省诸暨市高三5月诊断性考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正
确形式。
When in China I had the opportunity to eat in loads of different restaurants, ____ 1 ____ (range) from the large and
fancy to the small and pedestrian (为行人的). ____ 2 ____ I really miss, however, and cannot get here in Canada, is the
Chinese street food.
Here is one of my favorite street dishes whose name has slipped my mind. ____ 3 ____ is made on a round griddle (平
底锅), onto which is poured a very liquid batter (面糊) which is ____ 4 ____ (thin) spread by a tool that looks like a wooden
squeegee (刷) but without the rubber edge. The batter cooks almost immediately forming ____ 5 ____ circle about 20
centimeters across and is quickly flipped over (翻转). An egg, sometimes two, will be spread over this together with
chopped onions and some sort of spices and then what appears ____ 6 ____ (be) a waffle is placed on top. The cooked batter
‘skin’ is folder over the waffle, the whole thing is folded in half and it ____ 7 ____ (serve) in a paper wrapper. It taste
absolutely ____ 8 ____ (wonder).
We have street food here and it is usually very tasty but no one is making the things I ____ 9 ____ (get) in China and
none of the restaurants here serve it either. Unfortunately. I don’t think I will ever again have the privilege of travelling to
China so the street food ____ 10 ____ (treat) are to live on only in my memory.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以外国人的口吻来介绍中国的一种小吃——煎饼的制作过程。
1．ranging考查非谓语动词。在中国的时候，我有机会在许多不同的餐馆用餐，从大的、高档的到小的、为行人准备的。此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词restaurants，且动词range和restaurants是主动关系，应用现在
分词形式，故填ranging。
2．What考查主语从句。然而，我真正想念的是中国的街头小吃，这在加拿大是吃不到的。空处引导主语从句，
从句缺少miss和get后面的宾语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what来引导，单词位于句首，首字母大写，
故填What。
3．It考查代词。它是在一个圆形的煎锅上制作的，上面倒入液态的面糊，面糊由一个看起来像木制橡胶刮板但没
有橡胶边缘的工具薄薄地铺开。此处应用it代指上文提到的one of my favorite street dishes，作主语，单词位于句首，
首字母大写，故填It。
4．thinly考查词形转换。它是在一个圆形的煎锅上制作的，上面倒入液态的面糊，面糊由一个看起来像木制橡胶
刮板但没有橡胶边缘的工具薄薄地铺开。修饰动词spread应用副词thinly作状语，故填thinly。
5．a考查冠词。面糊形成一个直径约20厘米的圆圈，几乎马上就会熟，然后迅速翻转过来。此处表示“一个圆
圈”应用不定冠词来修饰，且circle发音是以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，故填a。
6．to be考查非谓语动词。句意：一个鸡蛋，有时是两个，将与切碎的洋葱和某种香料一起放在上面，然后像华夫
饼的东西被放在上面。appear to do固定搭配，意为“似乎做”，故填to be。
7．is served考查时态和语态。熟面糊的“外皮”包裹着类似“华夫饼”的东西，然后将整个东西对折起来，用纸
包着端上来。此处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语it和动词serve是被动关系，应用
一般现在时的被动语态，故填is served。
8．wonderful考查词形转换。味道绝对好极了。此处应用形容词作表语，故填wonderful。
9．got考查时态。我们这里有街头小吃，通常都很好吃，但是没有人做我在中国吃到的东西，这里的餐馆也没有
提供这种食物。“ I ______(get) in China”是省略关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰the things，所以空处在从句中作
谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填got。
10．treats考查名词复数。 我想我再也不会有机会去中国旅行了，所以街头小吃只能留在我的记忆里。由are可知，
可数名词treat(美味佳肴)应用复数形式，作主语。故填treats。
真题感知
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to
decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to
put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】to bite
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还
是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。
2.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂
或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。
3.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61. (teach) a lesson
or to pass on wisdom.
【答案】to teach
【解析】考查不定式。句意:几千年来,人们讲寓言故事或为了教课或为了传递智慧。根据空后的 or to pass on
wisdom可知,此处和后文是并列关系,故填to teach。
4.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto
the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
【答案】to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子
推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台
去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
5.【2022·全国高考乙卷】___48___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public
promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six
hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
【答案】To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀
请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人
的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
6.【2022·新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected,
bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___39___ (increase)effectiveness and
reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保
护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词
的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
7.【2022·全国甲卷】A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step
___ 6 1___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】 to journey
【解析】考查不定式作定语。近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一
步。此处journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
8.（2022年浙江卷1月）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________
（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【答案】to continue
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，
故填to continue。
9.（2021新课标II卷）I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem.
【答案】to educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，________ (educate)
people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。10.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比
骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短
语作真正主语。故填to walk。
11.（2021全国乙卷）Accommodations aim ___________(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定
短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
12.（2021 浙江卷）Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ （plant）flowers in the front
yard.
【答案】to plant
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处
作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故
填to plant。
13.（2021年北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ________
(invest) in disaster prevention.
【答案】to invest
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，
应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。
14.（2020新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 __________ (find) and study
areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处
表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
15.（2020新课标II卷）They are easy ___________ (care) for and make great presents.
【答案】to care
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故
填to care。
16.（2020新课标III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known painter.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发
去做某事”短语为set out to do sth。，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
17.（2020年北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years___ ___(break) down.
【答案】to break
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花
某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
18.（2020 年浙江卷）Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _________ (change)
lives.
【答案】to change【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词
gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
19.（2020 年浙江卷 1 月）The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was30—today it is 41 and is
expected____________(increase)to 42 by 2050.
【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语 be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填 to
increase。
20.（2019新课标I卷）Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s,
and are expensive ___________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是
在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
21.（2019 新课标 II 卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans
_____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”，故填to
retire。
22.（2019新课标III卷）On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it
would take ____________ (get) there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填
非谓语动词，故填to get。
23.（2019年浙江卷）But some students didn’t want _________(wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查固定用法。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用
法。故填to wear。
24.（2018新课标I卷）You don't have to run fast or for long ____________(see) the benefit.
【答案】to see
【解析】考查不定式。作目的状语，所以用不定式。
25.（2018新课标I卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____________(strength) your leg
muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。作目的状语，用不定式，前面有to，所以用动词原形。
26.（2018新课标II卷）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________ (improve) water
quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查不定式。作目的状语用不定式。
27.（2018新课标III卷）Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________(stay) and watch.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查不定式。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。28.(2018·北京)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the
moon and enjoy moon cakes.
【答案】to share
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动
词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月
饼，表目的用动词不定式，故填to share。
