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2014 年英语二 · Text 3 真题精讲
发布时间：2026-10-01 09:18:06 最近访问：2026-10-01 09:18:07
2014 年英语二 · Text 3 真题精讲
| | | 2014年考研英语二 · Text 3 · 详解版 |
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| 本文节选自《麦肯锡季刊》(McKinsey Quarterly),话题是当下仍在延续的"机器换人"焦虑。文章分两层:先引述 MIT 学者的《Race Against the Machine》一书,提出"技术正在吞噬大量岗位";再借咨询顾问 John Hagel 之口,把视角从"机器威胁"切换到"工作设计本身的问题",最终落在"race WITH the machine"的核心主张上——机器增强人,而不是替代人。全文共 6 段,主题词:man versus machine / race against / race with / standardized jobs / initiative。(提示:首段引出现象,2-4 段展开争论,末段给解药——这种"现象—争论—方案"三段式是考研英语二议论文最常见的骨架。) |
| | | 🔴 红粗 = 谓语动词 🔵 蓝粗 = 连词 🟡 黄底 = 从句 / 重点短语 |
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| ① The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. ② And yet, it would be a mistake to think that we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. ③ Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. ④ Since technology hassuch an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways(that) we cannot immediately foresee. |
| 译文:①"人机对决"这一概念至少与工业革命一样古老,但这种现象在经济衰退和脆弱复苏期间往往感受得最为尖锐。②然而,如果我们以为眼下只是在经历一次繁荣—萧条周期的痛苦一面,那就错了。③有些工作已经永远消失了,被机器所淘汰。④由于技术对吞噬人类工作有着贪得无厌的胃口,这种现象将继续以我们无法立刻预见的方式重构经济。 |
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| man versus machineindustrial revolution 工业革命 economic downturns 经济衰退（downturn n. 下行,衰退） fragile recoveries 脆弱复苏（fragile adj. 脆弱的） boom and bust cycle 繁荣—萧条周期 insatiable appetite 贪得无厌的胃口（insatiable adj. 无法满足的） |
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| ①When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs thatwere once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. ② This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for Digital Business. |
| 译文:①当科技的价格与性能快速改善时,那些曾被认为免于自动化威胁的工作,突然受到威胁。②这一观点引发了广泛关注——借助埃里克·布林约尔弗森和安德鲁·麦卡菲合著的《与机器赛跑》一书的畅销,两人都来自麻省理工学院数字商业中心。 |
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| immune from automation 免于自动化（immune adj. 免疫的,不受影响的） Race Against the Machine 《与机器赛跑》 MIT's Center for Digital Business 麻省理工学院数字商业中心 |
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| ① This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. ② And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place. |
| 译文:①这是一个有力的论点,也是一个令人恐慌的论点。②然而,《拉动力》等著作的作者约翰·哈格尔说,布林约尔弗森和麦卡菲忽略了这些工作为什么一开始就如此容易被技术冲击的原因。 |
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| powerful argument 有力的论点（powerful adj. 强有力的） The Power of Pull 《拉动力》（pull 在此为"拉力,牵动力"之意） vulnerable to 容易受到…伤害,易受…影响 in the first place 从一开始,首先（强调"根本原因"） |
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| ① Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. thattend to be "tightly scripted"and"highly standardized" ones thatleave no room for "individual initiative or creativity". ② In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. ③ That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says. |
| 译文:①哈格尔说,在美国,我们设计出的工作往往是"按部就班的"、"高度标准化的",没有给"个人主动性或创造力"留下任何空间。②简言之,这些正是机器做得比人类好得多的工作类型。③哈格尔说,这等于在美国工人的背上贴了一个巨大的靶心。 |
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| tightly scripted 紧密脚本化的,按部就班的（script v./n. 脚本,剧本） highly standardized 高度标准化的 individual initiative 个人主动性 creativity n. 创造力（creative adj. 有创造力的） target sign 靶心标志（target n. 目标,靶子） put a target on one's back 使某人成为众矢之的 / 易受攻击对象 |
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| ① It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. ② In our rapidly changing economy, we need people in the workplace whocan take initiative and exercise their imagination "to respond to unexpected events". ③ That's not something machines are good at. ④ They are designed to perform very predictable activities. |
| 译文:①哈格尔说,是时候重新设计工作开展方式的公式了,因为我们仍依赖于一种非常 20 世纪的工作观念。②在快速变化的经济中,我们比以往任何时候都更需要工作场所中能主动行动、发挥想象力"以应对突发事件"的人。③那不是机器擅长的。④它们被设计为执行可高度预测的活动。 |
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| reinvent the formula 重塑公式（reinvent v. 彻底改造,重塑） 20th century notion of work 20世纪的工作观念（notion n. 观念,概念） take initiative 主动行动,发挥主动性 exercise imagination 发挥想象力（exercise v. 运用,锻炼） respond to unexpected events 应对突发事件（respond v. 回应,反应） predictable adj. 可预测的（predict v. 预测；unpredictable adj. 不可预测的） activities n. 活动,行为 |
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| ①As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. ② We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. ③ In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather thanreplace it. ④ So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, "howdo we innovate our institutions and our work practices?" |
| 译文:①正如哈格尔指出,布林约尔弗森和麦卡菲在书中确实触及了这一观点。②我们需要把"与机器赛跑"重新定义为"与机器一起赛跑"。③换言之,我们要关注机器如何增强人力劳动,而非替代它。④所以,问题其实不在技术本身,而在于"我们如何创新我们的制度和工作方式？" |
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| touch on this pointrace with the machine 与机器一起赛跑（区别于 race against） augment human labor 增强人类劳动（augment v. 增强,扩大） rather than 而不是（连接两个并列成分） innovate v. 创新,革新（innovation n. 创新） institutions n. 制度,机构（institution n. 公共机构,制度） |
| Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways(that) we cannot immediately foresee.主干:Since S1, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways (that) S2.S1 = 原因状语从句(Since);S2 = 定语从句,(that) 省略修饰 in ways = "以…的方式"。 |
| Hagel saysthat we have designed jobs in the U.S. thattend to be "tightly scripted"and"highly standardized" ones thatleave no room for "individual initiative or creativity".主干:Hagel says + 宾从(that 省略)。宾从里:jobs 后接两个并列的定语从句 (tightly scripted) + (highly standardized ones),后者又套一个定语从句修饰 ones。 |
| So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, "howdo we innovate our institutions and our work practices?"主干:the problem is not about A but rather B。B 是一个直接引语——以疑问句形式充当表语从句,这是英文常见修辞:用反问代替直答。 |
| | | STEP 1 找定位词 → STEP 2 找定位句 → STEP 3 精读定位句 → STEP 4 匹配合适选项 |
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| According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would ______.[A] ease the competition of man vs. machine[B] highlight machines' threat to human jobs[C] provoke a painful technological revolution[D] outmode our current economic structure题干明指 first paragraph,且以 economic downturns 为核心锁点。首段第一句:the concept of man versus machine is... but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries.字面:人机对决由来已久,但这种"对决感"在经济衰退期最为尖锐。反推 = 经济衰退会放大机器替代人的紧张感。[A] ease 减轻——与 "most acutely felt" 相反 ✗[B] highlight 突出——与定位句"最尖锐感受到"完全同义 ✓[C] provoke a painful technological revolution——偷换:文章说的是"技术威胁",不是"技术革命" ✗[D] outmode our economic structure——偷换:原文是 jobs 被淘汰,不是 structure ✗答案:B |
| The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that ______.[A] technology is diminishing man's job opportunities[B] automation is accelerating technological development[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D] man will finally win the race against machine书名 Race Against the Machine + 作者名 Brynjolfsson and McAfee,锁定第 2 段。第 2 段第一句:jobs thatwere once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. 结合首段 "technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs"。原以为不会被机器替代的工作,现在突然受到威胁 = 技术的蚕食力。[A] 减少人类工作机会 → 同义改写"eat up / threaten jobs",✓[B] 自动化加速技术发展 → 倒因果 ✗[C] 某些工作会安然无恙 → 与 "become threatened" 相反 ✗[D] 人类最终赢得赛跑 → 这是文末主张,不是作者观点 ✗答案:A |
| Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often ______.[A] performed by innovative minds[B] scripted with an individual style[C] standardized without a clear target[D] designed against human creativity锁定第 4 段 "Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S."。"tightly scripted" and "highly standardized" thatleave no room for "individual initiative or creativity".这种工作设计是压制人的主动性与创造力的——属性 ≈ designed against creativity。[A] 由有创造力的人执行 → 与"leave no room"相反 ✗[B] 拥有个性化风格 → 原文说"tightly scripted"恰好是个性化的反面 ✗[C] 没有明确目标的标准化 → "target sign"指靶心,与目标无关,无中生有 ✗[D] 被设计来压抑人的创造力 → ✓答案:D |
| According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed ______.[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace末段 "Brynjolfsson and McAfee touched on this point",但"this point"承接第 5 段 → 必须回看第 5 段。第 5 段第二句:we more than ever need people in the workplace whocan take initiative and exercise their imagination "to respond to unexpected events." 第 6 段第①②句确认他们确实触及"race with the machine"。核心 = 人在工作场所的不可替代性(take initiative / exercise imagination)。[A] 机器行为可预测性 → 那是机器自身的特征,不是他俩讨论焦点 ✗[B] 高效工作公式 → 是哈格尔主张,与本题主语不符 ✗[C] 机器取代人力 → 文章明说"rather than replace",反而否定了此观点 ✗[D] 人参与工作的必要性 → ✓答案:D |
| Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices?[B] Machines will Replace Human Labor[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines?[D] Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations主旨题,无定位词 — 看全文脉络。① 第 1 段引出 "man vs. machine" 命题;② 第 2 段给出现象描述 (《Race Against the Machine》);③ 第 3-4 段引出 Hagel 的反驳;④ 第 5-6 段给出解药:race with the machine。全文核心词就是 "race against / with the machine" 这一组对照。文章既谈机器威胁(against),也谈人机共跑(with),最终落在反思"这场赛跑怎么赢"上 → 设问式标题最贴合。[A] 只覆盖末段"创新工作方式",太窄 ✗[B] 这是文中担忧但非主张,且文章意在反驳 ✗[C] 用问句串联"race against the machine"和"race with the machine",覆盖全文 ✓[D] 经济衰退刺激创新,无中生有 ✗答案:C |
| 长难句 = 三个标志位(谓语/连词/从句),识别后再长的句子都能拆。下期预告:2014 Text 4 · The Best Way to Predict the Future... |