ARTICLE · 1130932
独家原创:高中英语“文体写作(素材与运用)”系列13. 议论文写作3(阐述主题类)
作者简介:深耕一线英语教学近40载;中考、高考命题研究专家;发表文章2000余篇;主编《英语满分作文》书系、《英语奥林匹克》、《英语写作素材大辞典》、《现代英汉双解大辞典》、《多功能英汉大辞典》等300余本畅销全国的教学及竞赛辅导用书。

本节内容包含:写作概述+ 核心词汇(分类别)+ 提分词块(分类别)+ 经典佳句(分类别)+ 优美语段(分类别)+ 素材运用(分类别)
◆写作概述
英文阐述主题类议论文旨在深入剖析某一特定主题,通过摆事实、讲道理等方式,清晰、有逻辑地表达作者对该主题的理解、分析与见解,以说服读者并引发其对主题的深入思考。
文章开篇通常需巧妙引入主题,吸引读者注意力并为下文论述做好铺垫。可采用多种方式,如讲述与主题相关的趣闻轶事、引用名人名言或呈现令人瞩目的数据统计等。例如,在阐述“环境保护的重要性” 这一主题时,可引用“Only one earth” 这句名言,强调地球的唯一性,进而自然地引出环境保护的主题,并在首段结尾明确提出文章的核心论点,如“环境保护是当今全球面临的最为紧迫的任务之一,关乎人类的生存与未来发展”。
主体部分是文章的核心,一般包含多个段落,用于对主题进行多维度的深入分析与论证。每个段落应围绕一个分论点展开,分论点之间相互关联且共同服务于总论点。比如在论述环境保护主题时,一个段落可从生态平衡的角度出发,阐述人类活动对自然生态系统的破坏,如森林砍伐导致物种灭绝、湿地破坏影响水质净化等,通过具体事例和数据增强说服力;另一段落可从可持续发展的层面探讨,分析环境保护与经济发展并非矛盾对立,而是相互依存的关系,列举一些成功实现绿色发展的地区或企业案例加以佐证;还可从人类健康的维度进行论述,说明环境污染对人类健康造成的严重威胁,如空气污染引发呼吸道疾病、水污染导致消化系统疾病等。在段落论述过程中,要合理运用连接词与过渡词,如“firstly”“secondly”“moreover”“in addition”“however” 等,使文章层次清晰、逻辑连贯。同时,可适当引用权威研究报告、专家观点或历史典故等,进一步丰富文章内容,提升论证的可信度与深度。
结尾部分要对全文进行总结概括,再次强调主题的重要性以及作者的核心观点,使读者对文章主旨有更为深刻的印象。但总结不应是简单的重复,而是要以一种更为精炼、有力的方式呈现。例如,“In conclusion, as the guardians of this planet, it is our inescapable responsibility to take proactive and effective measures to protect the environment. Only by doing so can we ensure a sustainable future for ourselves and generations to come.” 此外,还可在结尾处对主题的未来发展趋势进行简要展望,或提出一些具有建设性的呼吁或建议,如呼吁公众增强环保意识、倡导政府制定更为严格的环保政策等,从而使文章具有更强的现实意义和感染力,给读者留下深刻的思考与回味空间。

◆核心词汇
一、引出主题类
1. introduce(v. 介绍;引进)
2. present(v. 呈现;提出;n. 礼物;现在)
3. mention(v. 提及;说起)
4. highlight(v. 突出;强调;n. 最精彩的部分)
5. focus on(聚焦于;专注于)
6. center around(围绕)
7. regarding(prep. 关于;至于)
二、表达观点类
1. think(v. 认为;思考)
2. believe(v. 相信;认为)
3. hold(v. 持有;认为)
4. maintain(v. 维持;坚持认为)
5. claim(v. 声称;主张;n. 声称;索赔)
6. argue(v. 争论;主张)
7. assert(v. 断言;声称)
8. reckon(v. 认为;估计)
三、阐述理由类
1. reason(n. 理由;原因;v. 推理)
2. cause(n. 原因;事业;v. 导致)
3. factor(n. 因素;要素)
4. because(conj. 因为)
5. since(conj. 自从;因为;既然)
6. as(conj. 因为;当…… 时;像…… 一样)
7. due to(由于;因为)
8. owing to(由于;因为)
四、举例说明类
1. for example(例如)
2. for instance(例如)
3. such as(比如;诸如)
4. like(prep. 像;如同;v. 喜欢)
5. take... as an example(以…… 为例)
6. a case in point is...(一个恰当的例子是……)
五、对比转折类
1. but(conj. 但是;然而)
2. however(adv. 然而;可是)
3. nevertheless(adv. 然而;不过)
4. while(conj. 当…… 时;然而)
5. whereas(conj. 然而;鉴于)
6. in contrast(相比之下;与此相反)
7. on the contrary(正相反)
六、总结归纳类
1. in conclusion(总之;最后)
2. to sum up(总之;概括地说)
3. all in all(总而言之;总的来说)
4. in a word(简言之;总之)
5. generally speaking(一般来说;总体而言)
6. overall(adv. 总体上;全面地;adj. 全部的;总体的)
7. finally(adv. 最后;终于)
七、逻辑连接类
1. and(conj. 和;而且)
2. or(conj. 或者;否则)
3. also(adv. 也;而且;同样)
4. furthermore(adv. 此外;而且)
5. moreover(adv. 此外;而且)
6. in addition(另外;此外)
7. additionally(adv. 此外;又;加之)
8. besides(prep. 除……之外;adv. 此外;而且)

◆提分词块
一、引出主题
1. when it comes to...(当提及……)
2. in terms of...(就……而言)
3. with respect to...(关于……)
4. in relation to...(与……有关)
5. as for...(至于……)
6. speaking of...(谈到……)
7. the topic of... is...(……的主题是……)
二、表达观点
1. from my point of view(在我看来)
2. in my opinion/view(依我之见)
3. as far as I'm concerned(就我而言)
4. I am of the opinion that...(我认为……)
5. it seems to me that...(在我看来似乎……)
6. I firmly believe that...(我坚信……)
7. I hold the view that...(我持有这样的观点……)
三、阐述原因
1. the reason why... is that...(……的原因是……)
2. due to the fact that...(由于……的事实)
3. because of the following reasons.(因为以下原因)
4. one of the main reasons is...(主要原因之一是……)
5. this is attributed to...(这归因于……)
6. on account of...(由于……)
7. as a result of...(由于……的结果)
四、举例说明
1. for example/instance(例如)
2. such as...(比如……)
3. take... as an example(以……为例)
4. a typical example is...(一个典型的例子是……)
5. like...(像……)
6. to illustrate(为了说明)
7. an illustration of this is...(这方面的一个例子是……)
五、对比转折
1. in contrast to...(与……形成对比)
2. on the contrary(相反)
3. while...(然而……)
4. whereas...(然而……)
5. compared with...(与……相比)
6. different from...(与……不同)
7. in spite of...(尽管……)
六、总结归纳
1. in conclusion(总之)
2. to sum up(总而言之)
3. all in all(总的来说)
4. in a nutshell(简言之)
5. briefly speaking(简要地说)
6. on the whole(总体上)
7. ultimately(最终;根本上)
七、强调重要性
1. play an important role in...(在……中起重要作用)
2. be of great significance(具有重大意义)
3. be essential to...(对……至关重要)
4. have a vital importance(有着至关重要的重要性)
5. be crucial for...(对……至关重要)
6. be a key factor in...(是……的关键因素)
7. be a prerequisite for...(是……的先决条件)
八、提出建议
1. it is advisable to...(建议……)
2. we should/must...(我们应该 / 必须……)
3. steps should be taken to...(应该采取措施……)
4. make an effort to...(努力……)
5. take measures to...(采取措施……)
6. in order to... we need to...(为了……我们需要……)
7. it is recommended that...(建议……)

◆经典佳句
一、开篇引出主题
1. In recent times, the topic of artificial intelligence has been widely discussed, as it is revolutionizing various industries.(近来,人工智能这个话题被广泛讨论,因为它正在革新各个行业。)
2. Nowadays, the significance of environmental protection is becoming more and more prominent, with the increasing awareness of global ecological issues.(如今,随着对全球生态问题意识的增强,环境保护的重要性愈发突出。)
3. It is a common phenomenon that online learning has gained great popularity, especially in the digital age.(在线学习大受欢迎是一个常见现象,尤其在数字时代。)
4. With the rapid development of technology, the issue of privacy protection in the digital world has drawn people's attention.(随着技术的快速发展,数字世界中的隐私保护问题已引起人们关注。)
5. Recently, the trend of minimalism in lifestyle has emerged, which advocates simplicity and decluttering.(最近,极简主义生活方式的趋势已经出现,它倡导简单和清理杂物。)
二、表达个人观点
1. I am firmly convinced that cultural diversity is a precious asset that enriches our global community.(我坚信文化多样性是丰富全球社会的宝贵财富。)
2. From my perspective, the exploration of outer space is a worthy endeavor that can expand human knowledge.(在我看来,探索外太空是一项有价值的努力,可以拓展人类知识。)
3. In my opinion, the development of public transportation is crucial for relieving traffic congestion in cities.(依我之见,公共交通的发展对于缓解城市交通拥堵至关重要。)
4. As far as I'm concerned, the cultivation of creativity and innovation is essential for the progress of society.(就我而言,创造力和创新的培养对社会进步必不可少。)
5. I hold the view that traditional values should be preserved and passed on in modern society.(我持有这样的观点:传统价值观应该在现代社会中得以保存和传承。)
三、阐述原因
1. The main reason why more and more people choose to travel independently is that it offers greater flexibility and unique experiences.(越来越多人选择自助游的主要原因是它提供了更大的灵活性和独特体验。)
2. One of the factors contributing to the popularity of e-books is the convenience of carrying and accessing a large number of books.(电子书受欢迎的因素之一是携带和获取大量书籍的便利性。)
3. This is because the improvement of living standards has led to a higher demand for quality education.(这是因为生活水平的提高导致了对优质教育的更高需求。)
4. Due to the fact that social media provides a platform for instant communication, it has changed the way people interact.(由于社交媒体提供了即时通讯平台,它改变了人们的互动方式。)
5. The reason why some traditional crafts are disappearing is that they lack proper inheritance and market support.(一些传统手工艺正在消失的原因是它们缺乏合适的传承和市场支持。)
四、举例论证
1. For example, many countries have successfully reduced air pollution by implementing strict environmental policies, such as Singapore.(例如,许多国家通过实施严格的环境政策成功减少了空气污染,比如新加坡。)
2. Take the sharing economy as an example. Platforms like Airbnb and Uber have transformed the way of accommodation and transportation.(以共享经济为例。像爱彼迎和优步这样的平台改变了住宿和交通方式。)
3. Such as Leonardo da Vinci, who was a great polymath and his works and ideas had a profound and lasting impact on the world.(比如列奥纳多・达・芬奇,他是一位伟大的全才,他的作品和思想对世界产生了深远持久的影响。)
4. A good case in point is the city of Copenhagen, which has made remarkable achievements in sustainable urban development.(一个很好的例子是哥本哈根市,它在可持续城市发展方面取得了显著成就。)
5. For instance, in some schools, the introduction of project-based learning has significantly improved students' practical abilities and teamwork spirit.(例如,在一些学校,项目式学习的引入显著提高了学生的实践能力和团队合作精神。)
五、对比转折
1. While some people enjoy the excitement of city life, others prefer the tranquility and simplicity of rural areas.(虽然有些人喜欢城市生活的刺激,但其他人更喜欢乡村的宁静与简单。)
2. In contrast to traditional teaching methods, modern educational approaches emphasize more on students' individuality and creativity.(与传统教学方法相比,现代教育方法更强调学生的个性和创造力。)
3. However, the reality is that although we have advanced technology, we still face many challenges in terms of energy conservation.(然而,现实情况是尽管我们有先进技术,但在节能方面仍面临许多挑战。)
4. On the one hand, the Internet has brought us vast amounts of information. On the other hand, it also poses risks such as information overload and misinformation.(一方面,互联网给我们带来了大量信息。另一方面,它也带来了诸如信息过载和错误信息等风险。)
5. Although globalization has promoted economic growth, it has also led to the homogenization of some cultures.(尽管全球化促进了经济增长,但它也导致了一些文化的同质化。)
六、总结归纳
1. In conclusion, we should actively embrace technological innovation while also being vigilant about its potential negative impacts.(总之,我们应该积极拥抱技术创新,同时对其潜在负面影响保持警惕。)
2. To sum up, it is necessary for individuals and society to work together to protect historical heritage and cultural traditions.(总而言之,个人和社会有必要共同努力保护历史遗产和文化传统。)
3. All in all, the key to a healthy lifestyle lies in a balanced diet, regular exercise and a positive mental attitude.(总的来说,健康生活方式的关键在于均衡饮食、定期锻炼和积极心态。)
4. In a word, through continuous exploration and improvement, we can make better use of renewable energy resources.(简言之,通过不断探索和改进,我们可以更好地利用可再生能源。)
5. To conclude, only by respecting different cultures and values can we build a more harmonious and inclusive world.(最后,只有尊重不同文化和价值观,我们才能构建一个更和谐包容的世界。)

◆优美语段
一、传统文化的价值
Traditional culture is the essence of a nation. It includes various forms such as ancient architecture, traditional festivals, and folk arts. These cultural heritages carry the wisdom and history of our ancestors. For example, Chinese calligraphy not only shows the beauty of characters but also reflects the philosophy and aesthetic concepts of the Chinese people. Preserving traditional culture can enhance national identity and pride. It also provides valuable resources for modern art and design. In a word, traditional culture is an invaluable treasure that should be cherished and passed down.
传统文化是一个民族的精髓。它包含多种形式,如古老建筑、传统节日和民间艺术。这些文化遗产承载着我们祖先的智慧和历史。例如,中国书法不仅展现了汉字之美,还反映了中国人的哲学和审美观念。保护传统文化能够增强民族认同感和自豪感。它也为现代艺术与设计提供了宝贵资源。总之,传统文化是应被珍视和传承的无价之宝。
二、阅读的重要性
Reading is of great significance in our lives. It is a window to the world, through which we can gain knowledge about different cultures, histories, and sciences. By reading books, we can expand our vocabulary and improve our language skills. Moreover, it stimulates our imagination and creativity. For instance, when reading novels, we can immerse ourselves in various fictional worlds and experience different emotions. In addition, reading is a good way to relax and relieve stress. In conclusion, reading enriches our minds and helps us grow as individuals.
阅读在我们的生活中意义重大。它是通向世界的一扇窗,通过它我们可以获取关于不同文化、历史和科学的知识。通过阅读书籍,我们能扩大词汇量并提升语言技能。此外,它激发我们的想象力和创造力。例如,读小说时,我们可以沉浸在各种虚构世界中并体验不同情感。而且,阅读是放松和缓解压力的好方法。总之,阅读丰富我们的思想并帮助我们个人成长。
三、运动对健康的益处
Regular exercise is essential for good health. It helps to strengthen our muscles and bones, making our bodies more robust. For example, jogging can improve cardiovascular function and increase endurance. Sports also contribute to mental health. When we engage in physical activities, our brains release endorphins, which can relieve stress and improve our mood. Moreover, team sports like basketball can enhance our social skills and cooperation ability. In a nutshell, keeping active through sports is a key to maintaining a healthy body and a positive mind.
定期运动对健康至关重要。它有助于强化我们的肌肉和骨骼,使身体更强壮。例如,慢跑能改善心血管功能并增强耐力。运动对心理健康也有益处。当我们进行体育活动时,大脑会释放内啡肽,能缓解压力并改善情绪。此外,像篮球这样的团队运动可以提升我们的社交技能和合作能力。简而言之,通过运动保持活跃是维持健康身体和积极心态的关键。
四、科技对教育的影响
Technology has brought revolutionary changes to education. With the help of the Internet, students can access a vast amount of learning resources from all over the world. Online courses and educational apps make learning more flexible and convenient. For example, students can study at their own pace and review lessons anytime. However, it also poses some challenges. The over-reliance on technology may lead to a decline in students' independent thinking and face-to-face communication skills. In conclusion, while leveraging the benefits of technology in education, we should also be aware of its potential drawbacks and find a balance.
科技给教育带来了革命性变化。在互联网的帮助下,学生可以获取来自世界各地的大量学习资源。在线课程和教育应用程序使学习更灵活便捷。例如,学生可以按照自己的节奏学习并随时复习课程。然而,它也带来了一些挑战。过度依赖科技可能导致学生独立思考和面对面交流能力的下降。总之,在教育中利用科技优势的同时,我们也应意识到其潜在弊端并找到平衡。
五、友谊的意义
Friendship is an important part of our lives. True friends are always there to support and encourage us. When we face difficulties, they offer a shoulder to cry on and practical advice. For example, during a tough exam period, friends can help each other with study and relieve stress. Friendship also enriches our emotional world. We can share joys and sorrows with friends, which makes our lives more colorful. In short, good friends are like precious gems that bring warmth, happiness, and meaning to our journey of life.
友谊是我们生活的重要组成部分。真正的朋友总是在那里支持和鼓励我们。当我们面临困难时,他们提供可以依靠的肩膀和实用的建议。例如,在艰难的考试期间,朋友们可以互相帮助学习并缓解压力。友谊也丰富了我们的情感世界。我们可以与朋友分享喜怒哀乐,使生活更加多彩。简而言之,好朋友就像珍贵的宝石,给我们的人生旅程带来温暖、幸福和意义。

◆素材运用
经典考题1(关于文化传承)
文化传承对一个民族至关重要。请写一篇60 词左右的英语短文,阐述文化传承的重要性以及如何更好地传承文化。
【范文1】
Cultural inheritance is the soul of a nation. It preserves historical memories and unique values. Through traditional arts, languages and customs, we can understand our roots. To inherit culture better, education is crucial. Schools should offer courses on traditional culture. Also, the public should actively participate in cultural activities like festivals. Only by passing on our culture can we maintain national identity and diversity.
亮点点评:
⑴开篇点明主题,将文化传承比作民族灵魂,形象生动。
⑵运用“through...” 阐述文化传承的载体,清晰明了。
⑶提出教育和公众参与两个传承文化的途径,具有可操作性,最后强调传承文化对民族身份和多样性的重要性,升华主题。
【范文2】
The importance of cultural inheritance cannot be overstated. It is like a thread connecting generations. Ancient architectures, folklores are all treasures. For effective inheritance, modern technology can be utilized. For example, creating digital museums. Moreover, families should tell children stories of ancestors. In this way, our cultural heritage will be alive and thriving, inspiring future generations.
亮点点评:
⑴用“a thread connecting generations” 比喻文化传承,新颖独特。
⑵举例说明利用现代科技传承文化,如创建数字博物馆,紧跟时代潮流。
⑶强调家庭在文化传承中的作用,从不同角度提出措施,全面且有深度。
经典考题2(关于梦想的力量)
梦想具有强大的力量。请写一篇60 词左右的英语短文,论述梦想如何影响个人成长以及怎样追逐梦想。
【范文1】
Dreams have extraordinary power. They act as a compass in personal growth. With a dream, one has motivation and direction. It pushes people to overcome difficulties and learn new skills. To pursue a dream, one needs to set clear goals and make plans. Also, perseverance is essential. Even in the face of failure, one should keep going. Because a dream can turn an ordinary life into an extraordinary journey.
亮点点评:
⑴把梦想比作指南针,形象地说明了梦想对个人成长的指引作用。
⑵从设定目标、制定计划和坚持不懈三个方面阐述追逐梦想的方法,条理清晰。
⑶最后一句强调梦想可让平凡生活变得非凡,富有感染力。
【范文2】
The power of dreams lies in their ability to transform individuals. They kindle the fire of passion within. For example, an aspiring scientist may spend countless hours on research because of his dream. To chase dreams, we should first believe in ourselves. Then, seek opportunities and take risks. Dreams may seem distant, but with determination and hard work, they can be realized, leading to self-fulfillment.
亮点点评:
⑴“kindle the fire of passion” 表达生动,体现梦想点燃激情的力量。
⑵以科学家为例,增强说服力,说明梦想让人愿意付出努力。
⑶从相信自己、寻找机会和勇于冒险三个方面谈追梦,逻辑连贯,结尾指出梦想实现可带来自我满足,升华主题。

经典考题3(关于健康生活方式)
健康生活方式对人们意义重大。请写一篇60 词左右的英语短文,描述健康生活方式的要素并说明其重要性。
【范文1】
A healthy lifestyle is vital. It includes balanced diet, regular exercise and sufficient sleep. A balanced diet provides necessary nutrients. Regular exercise keeps our body in good shape and boosts immunity. Sufficient sleep helps us relax and rejuvenate. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can prevent many diseases and improve our quality of life. It enables us to be energetic and productive in work and study.
亮点点评:
⑴直接列举健康生活方式的要素,简洁明了。
⑵分别阐述各要素的作用,如饮食提供营养、运动塑造身形和增强免疫、睡眠帮助放松和恢复精力。
⑶最后说明健康生活方式对预防疾病、提升生活质量以及工作学习效率的重要性,全面且条理清晰。
【范文2】
The significance of a healthy lifestyle is remarkable. It is the foundation of well-being. Eating more fruits and vegetables, avoiding junk food is part of a healthy diet. Exercise like jogging or yoga can enhance physical and mental health. Enough sleep is equally important as it affects our mood and concentration. Living healthily allows us to enjoy life fully and face challenges with a strong body and mind.
亮点点评:
⑴将健康生活方式比作幸福的基础,强调其重要地位。
⑵具体指出健康饮食的内容,如多吃蔬果、少吃垃圾食品,以及运动的形式,如慢跑和瑜伽,使内容更具操作性。
⑶说明充足睡眠对情绪和注意力的影响,最后表明健康生活能让人身心强健地享受生活和应对挑战,升华主题。