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2016 年英语一· Text 2 真题精讲
发布时间：2026-10-11 08:05:14 最近访问：2026-10-11 08:05:14
2016 年英语一· Text 2 真题精讲
| 考研英语一 · 阅读真题精讲 | | 2016 Text 2｜乡村该不该为城市让路？英国城乡之争 | | 答案速览：26.D 27.A 28.D 29.B 30.D |
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| 标注图例：谓语动词 红色加粗 ｜ 连词（含关系词） 蓝色加粗 ｜ 从句 黄色荧光 ｜ 非谓语（to do / doing / done）不标色。先看图例，再逐段精读。 |
| Para 1 | 怪现象：乡村是国民骄傲，却拿不到政治支持（26 题定位段） |
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.历史上第一次，住在城镇的人超过了住在乡村的人。在英国，这带来了一个奇怪的结果。虽然民调显示，英国人把"乡村"与王室、莎士比亚以及国民医疗服务体系（NHS）并列为最令他们为祖国自豪的事物，但乡村所获得的政治支持却很有限。| for the first time in history | 历史上第一次 |
| the country | 乡村，农村（此处＝countryside） |
| curious a. | 奇怪的，奇特的（不取"好奇"义） |
| poll n. | 民意调查 |
| rate v. | 评价，把……评为（熟词僻义） |
| alongside prep. | 与……并列，和……一样 |
| the royal family | 王室 |
| the National Health Service (NHS) | （英国）国民医疗服务体系 |
| sentiment n. | 情绪，民意（26 题核心词） |
| limited a. | 有限的（26 题＝not well reflected 的信号词） |
| 长难句拆解 ①｜Para 1 第③句（26 题定位句） |
While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.第一层｜主干：this has limited political support——this 指代前文"城镇人口超过乡村人口"这件事；limited 是形容词"有限的"第二层｜让步状语从句（While...）：polls show Britons rate A as B——show 后面接省略 that 的宾语从句第三层｜宾语从句内部：Britons rate "the countryside" as what makes them proudest of their country——rate A as B＝把 A 评为 B；what 引导的名词性从句作 as 的宾语第四层｜并列插入成分：alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the NHS——把"乡村"与三个国民象征并列，只起烘托作用，不参与主干难点词：rate...as（把……评为）；curious（奇怪的）；limited（有限的）——让步句的重心永远在主句：While 之后是"民意"，逗号之后 this has limited political support 才是作者要说的事，这就是 26 题的答案译文：虽然民调显示，英国人把"乡村"与王室、莎士比亚以及 NHS 并列为最令他们为祖国自豪的事物，但乡村所获得的政治支持却很有限。| Para 2 | 历史渊源：国民托管组织的初心，如今成果正被侵蚀（27 题定位段） |
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.”Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.一个世纪前，奥克塔维亚·希尔创办国民托管组织，不是为了抢救时髦的宅邸，而是为了"永远为每个人保存自然之地的美"。它的明确目的，是为城市居民提供可以体验"沁人心脾的空气"的休闲空间。希尔的努力后来促成了国家公园与绿化带的建立。如今人们不再新辟乡村了，而混凝土每年都在吞噬更多的乡村。乡村需要持续的守护。| launch v. | 发起，创办 |
| the National Trust | （英国）国民托管组织 |
| rescue v. | 抢救，营救 |
| stylish a. | 时髦的，有格调的 |
| city dweller | 城市居民 |
| leisure n. | 休闲，闲暇 |
| refreshing a. | 清新的，令人精神一振的 |
| lead to | 导致，促成 |
| green belt | 绿化带 |
| concrete n. | 混凝土（此处喻"建筑扩张"） |
| consume v. | 吞噬，消耗（27 题＝destroy） |
| guardianship n. | 守护，监护（constant guardianship＝持续守护） |
| 长难句拆解 ②｜Para 2 第④⑤句（27 题定位句） |
They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.第一层｜并列句：They don't make countryside any more ＋ and every year concrete consumes more of it——两个分句并列，都在说"乡村正在变少"否定表达：not...any more＝不再；They 泛指"人们、开发商"，不是指前文的某一方第二句：It needs constant guardianship——It 指 countryside；"需要持续守护"是反证：说明现状并未得到妥善保护难点词：make countryside（新辟乡村）；consume（吞噬）——题干问 are now being（现在怎么了），所以必须读这两句"现状句"，而不是前面讲初心与成就的三句。concrete consumes more of it every year ＝ gradually destroyed译文：如今人们不再新辟乡村了，而混凝土每年都在吞噬更多的乡村。乡村需要持续的守护。| Para 3 | 政党立场：保守党激进、工党跟进、自民党沉默，只有 Ukip 逆势（28 题定位段） |
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip,sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.在下次大选中，各大政党似乎都不太可能支持这种民意。保守党的规划改革明确把乡村开发置于保护之上，甚至授权在可能遭到当地人反对的地方进行"规划外"建设。"可持续发展"这一概念已被定义为"有利可图"。工党同样希望叫停地方规划——凡是地方议会反对开发的。自由民主党则保持沉默。只有英国独立党嗅到了机会，站到了那些呼吁更审慎使用绿地的人一边。它的"保护英格兰乡村运动"让许多地方保守党人大为恐慌。| endorse v. | 支持，认可（26 题＝back） |
| the Conservatives | （英国）保守党 |
| explicitly ad. | 明确地（28 题 B 项的反证词） |
| give A priority over B | 把 A 置于 B 之上，优先考虑 A |
| rural a. | 乡村的，农村的（↔ urban 城市的） |
| conservation n. | 保护，保育（28 题 rural conservation＝乡村保护） |
| authorize v. | 授权，批准 |
| off-plan a. | 规划外的，不在规划内的 |
| object v. | 反对（＝oppose） |
| sustainable development | 可持续发展 |
| profitable a. | 有利可图的（作者对此持批评态度） |
| likewise ad. | 同样地，也 |
| discontinue v. | 中止，停止 |
| council n. | 地方议会，市政会 |
| the Liberal Democrats | （英国）自由民主党 |
| Ukip | 英国独立党（28 题答案主体） |
| side with | 站在……一边，支持（28 题＝support） |
| plead for | 呼吁，恳求 |
| considered a. | 深思熟虑的，审慎的 |
| strike terror into | 使……惊恐（28 题推断依据） |
| 长难句拆解 ③｜Para 3 第②句（28 题背景） |
The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object.第一层｜主干：planning reform gives rural development priority over conservation——give A priority over B＝把 A 置于 B 之上，注意搭配方向：得到优先的是 rural development，被压后的是 conservation第二层｜伴随状语：even authorizing "off-plan" building——现在分词短语作伴随，even 表递进，说明改革比"优先"更进一步（还授权）第三层｜地点状语从句：where local people might object 修饰 building——"在可能遭到当地人反对的地方"，暗示与民意相悖难点词：explicitly（明确地）；authorize（授权）；object（反对）——explicitly 与 even authorizing 都表明保守党的态度是明确且激进，这正是 28 题 B 项"may abandon off-plan building"（可能放弃）站不住的原因译文：保守党的规划改革明确把乡村开发置于保护之上，甚至授权在可能遭到当地人反对的地方进行"规划外"建设。The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.建造新住房、工厂和办公楼的合理地点，是人们所在的地方——即基础设施已经就位的城镇。伦敦的房产中介 Stirling Ackroyd 最近发现，仅在伦敦地区就有足够建造 50 万套住房的场地，且不会侵入绿化带。在伦敦成立的事，在外省更是如此。| sensible a. | 明智的，合理的（作者态度词） |
| infrastructure n. | 基础设施 |
| in place | 就位，准备就绪 |
| agent n. | 代理商，中介机构 |
| identify v. | 找出，确认（此处＝找到场地） |
| site n. | 场地，选址 |
| intrusion n. | 侵入，侵扰（no intrusion on green belt＝不侵占绿地） |
| the provinces | 外省，地方（相对于首都，此处指伦敦以外地区） |
| 长难句拆解 ④｜Para 4 第③句（举一反三句式） |
What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.第一层｜主语从句：What is true of London 作主语——what 引导名词性从句，整块当作一个名词用（"在伦敦成立的事"）第二层｜主干：...is even truer of the provinces——be true of sb./sth.＝对……来说成立；even truer＝更是如此难点词：be true of（对……成立）；the provinces（外省、地方）——这是一句"举一反三"的万能句式，写作也能直接套用：What is true of A is even truer of B，用来把个例推广到更大范围| Para 5 | 批驳：所谓"住房危机"是游说论调，奥斯本的偏好站不住（29 题定位段） |
The idea that“housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best wherebuilding sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?"住房危机"等于"草地被混凝土覆盖"，这种说法纯粹是游说集团的论调。问题不在于需要更多住房，而一如既往地在于把房子建在哪里。在游说压力下，乔治·奥斯本更青睐乡村新建，而不是城市翻新与改造。他更青睐城外购物中心，而不是城市商业街。这不是自由市场，而是一个有偏袒的市场。乡村城镇和村庄已经扩展，而且永远会扩展。它们扩展得最好的方式，是让建筑紧贴其边缘、并尊重其自身风貌。我们不会毁掉城市保护区，为什么要毁掉乡村的呢？| equal v. | 等于，等同于（此处作动词） |
| concreted a. | 被混凝土覆盖的 |
| meadow n. | 草地，牧场 |
| lobby n. | 游说集团（lobby talk＝游说论调） |
| pure a. | 纯粹的，完全的（pure lobby talk＝彻头彻尾的游说话术） |
| the issue is not A but B | 问题不是 A 而是 B（作者立论句式） |
| favour A against B | 偏向 A 而舍弃 B（29 题核心句式） |
| new-build n. | 新建建筑（rural new-build＝乡村新建） |
| renovation n. | 翻新，整修 |
| renewal n. | 更新，改造（urban renewal＝城市改造） |
| out-of-town a. | 城外的（out-of-town shopping sites＝城外购物中心） |
| high street | （英国城镇的）商业街 |
| biased a. | 有偏袒的，有失公正的（↔ free 自由的） |
| stick to | 紧贴，不越界；坚持 |
| respect v. | 尊重，顾及（29 题＝disregard 的反义） |
| character n. | 特色，风貌（29 题 the character of rural areas） |
| ruin v. | 毁坏，破坏 |
| conservation area | （建筑/风貌）保护区 |
| 长难句拆解 ⑤｜Para 5 第⑦句（29 题定位句，作者主张） |
They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.第一层｜主干：They do so best——do so 代指前一句的 grow（扩展），best 作状语；They＝rural towns and villages第二层｜地点状语从句：where building sticks to their edges and respects their character——where 引导，从句内有 sticks to 与 respects 两个并列谓语难点词：stick to（紧贴，不越界）；respect（尊重，顾及）；character（风貌特色）——这句是作者的正面主张：建筑应当贴边、尊重乡村风貌。反观 Para 5 第③句奥斯本 favours rural new-build，正好与"尊重风貌"相悖，这就是 29 题选 B 的依据译文：它们扩展得最好的方式，是让建筑紧贴其边缘、并尊重其自身风貌。| Para 6 | 结论：开发要有规划，城乡规划值得赞赏（30 题定位段） |
Development should be planned, notlet rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative — the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.开发应当有规划，而不是放任自流。继荷兰之后，英国是欧洲最拥挤的国家。半个世纪的城乡规划，使英国在依然允许低密度城市生活的同时，保留了一种令人羡慕的乡村连贯风貌。另一种选择的后果毫无疑问——那就是葡萄牙南部、西班牙或爱尔兰那种被破坏的景观。避免这种后果而不是促成它，应当能让政治光谱上的左右两派团结起来。| let rip | 放任自流，不加约束 |
| crowded a. | 拥挤的（30 题 A 项干扰来源） |
| town and country planning | 城乡规划（30 题答案词） |
| enable sb. to do | 使某人能够做某事 |
| retain v. | 保留，保持 |
| enviable a. | 令人羡慕的（30 题 appreciation 的评价词） |
| coherence n. | 连贯性，一致性（rural coherence＝乡村风貌的连贯） |
| low-density a. | 低密度的 |
| alternative n. | 替代方案，另一种选择 |
| corrupted a. | 被破坏的，被毁坏的 |
| landscape n. | 景观，风景 |
| promote v. | 促进，推动 |
| unite v. | 使联合，使团结 |
| political spectrum | 政治光谱（the left and right＝左右两派） |
| 长难句拆解 ⑥｜Para 6 第③句（30 题定位句） |
Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.第一层｜主干：Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to...——主语中心词是 planning，it 指 Britain；enable sb. to do sth.＝使某人能够做某事第二层｜宾语：to retain an enviable rural coherence——enviable（令人羡慕的）是评价性形容词，正是题干 appreciation 的信号第三层｜让步状语：while still permitting low-density urban living——permitting 是现在分词，逻辑主语仍是 planning；"在保留乡村风貌的同时还允许低密度城市生活"，一体两面难点词：coherence（连贯性、风貌完整）；low-density（低密度的）——被赞赏的是"城乡规划"这套制度本身，enviable 直接修饰的是 rural coherence，而 low-density urban living 只是它的副产品（30 题 C 项的移花接木正出在这里）译文：半个世纪的城乡规划，使英国在依然允许低密度城市生活的同时，保留了一种令人羡慕的乡村连贯风貌。| 四步做题法：STEP 1 找定位词 → STEP 2 找定位句 → STEP 3 精读定位句 → STEP 4 匹配合适选项。每道题都走完整流程，方法才能内化成考场本能。建议：先掐时间自己做一遍，再看解析。 |
| 26 | Britain's public sentiment about the countryside_______. |
[A] didn't start till the Shakespearean age.[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C] is fully backed by the royal family.[D] is not well reflected in politics.题干核心：public sentiment about the countryside（公众对乡村的情绪）。sentiment 是抽象词，原文的落点在 Para 1 第③句的民意民调（polls show Britons rate "the countryside"...）与之呼应；而 sentiment 这个词本身在 Para 3 第①句再次出现（none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment），正好告诉你"政党支持不支持"是本篇的关键。While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.译：虽然民调显示，英国人把"乡村"与王室、莎士比亚以及 NHS 并列为最令他们为祖国自豪的事物，但乡村所获得的政治支持却很有限。① While 引导让步，让步句的重心在主句——所以不能停在"乡村是国民骄傲"，必须读逗号之后；② 主句 this has limited political support：limited＝有限的、不足的，说明"民意高涨"与"政治支持"之间存在落差。再往后看 Para 3 的 corroboration：none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment（各大党都不太可能支持这种民意），落差被进一步坐实。正确答案：D｜is not well reflected in politics（在政治中未得到很好的体现）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 无中生有：原文只是把"乡村"与 Shakespeare 并列作为骄傲项，既没给这种情绪定起点，更没有什么"莎士比亚时代才开始"。 |
| B | × 排除 | 张冠李戴＋因果错乱：NHS 只是并列项之一，原文完全没有"公众情绪给 NHS 带来好处"这层因果。 |
| C | × 排除 | 偷换主体：royal family 同样只是并列项，"民意被王室全力支持"在原文找不到任何依据；backed 在此处被错误地理解为"被王室支持"，而非"被政界支持"。 |
| D | √ 正确 | this has limited political support（政治支持有限）＝ is not well reflected in politics（在政治中未得到很好体现）。同义替换：limited ≈ not well；political support ≈ reflected in politics。Para 3 各大党不愿 endorse this sentiment 更把这一落差落到实处。 |
| 27 | According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being_______. |
[B] effectively reinforced.[C] largely overshadowed.题干核心：the achievements of the National Trust ＋ are now being。achievements 对应 Para 2 前三句的成果（创办组织、促成国家公园与绿化带）；now 是本题的题眼——必须读"现在"而非"当初"。Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.译：希尔的努力后来促成了国家公园与绿化带的建立。如今人们不再新辟乡村了，而混凝土每年都在吞噬更多的乡村。乡村需要持续的守护。段落结构很典型：前三句讲"过去的成就"，后两句讲"现在的处境"，用 They don't make countryside any more 一句划出转折。① concrete consumes more of it every year——逐年吞噬，对应"gradually"（逐渐地）；② It needs constant guardianship——"需要持续守护"是反证：说明目前并没有得到妥善守护。两条信息叠加：成果正在被逐渐侵蚀。正确答案：A｜gradually destroyed（正被逐渐摧毁）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | √ 正确 | every year concrete consumes more of it（每年被吞噬更多）＝gradually；needs constant guardianship（需要持续守护）说明尚未守得住。两处合起来：成果正被逐渐摧毁。destroyed ≈ consumed / ruined。 |
| B | × 排除 | 反向：reinforced（得到加强）与"混凝土逐年吞噬""需要持续守护"完全相反。 |
| C | × 排除 | 偷换逻辑：overshadowed 指"被别的事物盖过光芒、显得不重要"，是名声/地位层面的问题；原文讲的是乡村被建筑实体侵占，不是被抢了风头。 |
| D | × 排除 | 反向：properly protected（得到妥善保护）与 needs constant guardianship（还需要持续的守护）方向相反——"需要守护"恰恰说明"尚未被守好"。 |
| 28 | Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3? |
[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B] The Conservatives may abandon "off-plan" building.[C] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.题干核心：Paragraph 3 ＋ inferred（可推断出）。段落推断题没有单一落点，要扫全段、给每个政党列立场表；注意选项里的 may（可能）提示答案通常是"合理推演"而非"原句照抄"。四选项分别对应 Labour、Conservatives、Liberal Democrats、Ukip，正好是段内四个主体。Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.译：只有英国独立党嗅到了机会，站到了那些呼吁更审慎使用绿地的人一边。它的"保护英格兰乡村运动"让许多地方保守党人大为恐慌。段内对比结构一句话看明白：保守党激进出让绿地、工党跟进叫停规划、自民党沉默——只有 Ukip 逆势而为。三个信息点层层递进：① sensing its chance（嗅到机会，是动机）；② sided with those pleading for green land（站到民意一边，是行动）；③ struck terror into many local Conservative parties（让对手恐慌，是效果）。动机＋行动＋效果三项交集，指向同一个推断：Ukip 很可能从支持乡村保护中获益。正确答案：D｜Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation（Ukip 可能因其对乡村保护的支持而获益）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 张冠李戴＋方向错位：原文是 Labour wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development（工党的立场是"支持开发、叫停阻碍规划"），是攻击方而非被攻击方；真正被"struck terror"的是地方保守党。 |
| B | × 排除 | 反向：原文 explicitly gives rural development priority、even authorizing "off-plan" building——是明确授权，与"可能放弃（may abandon）"完全相反；explicitly 和 even 两个词都在强调态度之坚定。 |
| C | × 排除 | 无中生有：原文只说 The Liberal Democrats are silent（保持沉默），沉默的原因与后果都没写；"正在失去政治影响力"是替作者补戏。 |
| D | √ 正确 | sensing its chance（嗅到机会）＋ sided with those pleading for green land（支持审慎使用绿地＝rural conservation）＋ struck terror into local Conservatives（让对手恐慌）→ 三项交集指向"可能从中获益"。"可能"的语气与 may 一致，是标准的合理推断。 |
| 29 | The author holds that George Osborne's preference_______. |
[A] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B] shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.题干核心：George Osborne's preference。Osborne 是专有名词，Para 5 第③④句直接点名；更要紧的是题干里的 The author holds that——问的是作者的评价，不是奥斯本自己的主张。所以除了他的偏好句，还要读本段作者亮立场的句子。Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. ... They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. ... This is not a free market but a biased one.译：在游说压力下，乔治·奥斯本更青睐乡村新建，而不是城市翻新与改造。……它们扩展得最好的方式，是让建筑紧贴其边缘、并尊重其自身风貌。这不是自由市场，而是一个有偏袒的市场。要看清楚这是两条信息的对撞：① 作者的态度句——Under lobby pressure（在游说压力之下），一个 "Under" 就把奥斯本的选择定性为"被施压的结果"，紧接着 This is not a free market but a biased one（这不是自由市场，而是有偏袒的市场）更是直斥其不公；② 作者的主张句——building sticks to their edges and respects their character（建筑应贴边、尊重乡村风貌）。而奥斯本 favours rural new-build，恰恰是往乡村里摊大饼，与"尊重风貌"正相反。正确答案：B｜shows his disregard for the character of rural areas（显示出他对乡村地区风貌的漠视）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 反向干扰（本篇最典型的一个）：Under lobby pressure（在游说压力之下）被读成了 against lobby pressure（抵制游说压力）。一个介词就把立场读反了。 |
| B | √ 正确 | 作者主张建筑应当 respect their character（尊重乡村风貌），奥斯本却 favours rural new-build（偏向乡村新建），两者相悖 → disregard for the character of rural areas。disregard 正是 respect 的反义替换。 |
| C | × 排除 | 偷换立场：作者恰恰否定"住房危机"这个说法（pure lobby talk，且 The issue is not the need for more houses），C 项却把"缓解住房危机的必要性"安到奥斯本的偏好上，与作者立场相反。 |
| D | × 排除 | 表述过重＋落点偏移：favour A against B 说的是"偏好取舍"，不等于"对城市地区有强烈偏见"（strong prejudice）；而且作者批评的落点是"不顾乡村风貌"，不是"歧视城市"。 |
| 30 | In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of_______. |
[A] the size of population in Britain.[B] the political life in today's Britain.[C] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D] the town-and-country planning in Britain.题干核心：the last paragraph ＋ shows his appreciation of（赞赏什么）。appreciation 是评价性动词，做法是：在末段里找评价性形容词（enviable），再看它修饰的中心名词是什么——那个名词才是被赞赏的对象。After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe's most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.译：继荷兰之后，英国是欧洲最拥挤的国家。半个世纪的城乡规划，使英国在依然允许低密度城市生活的同时，保留了一种令人羡慕的乡村连贯风貌。enviable（令人羡慕的）是整段唯一的褒义评价词，它的落点是 rural coherence（乡村风貌的连贯），而产出这一结果的正是前半句的主语——half a century of town and country planning（半个世纪的城乡规划）。再看整段逻辑：英国地狭人稠（铺垫）→ 规划让英国两头兼顾（正面评价）→ 反面例子是葡萄牙、西班牙、爱尔兰被破坏的景观（对比反衬）→ 呼吁左右两派共同避免（收束）。作者赞赏的是"规划"这套制度，不是它的某一项副产品。正确答案：D｜the town-and-country planning in Britain（英国的城乡规划）| 选项 | 判断 | 依据与解析 |
| A | × 排除 | 张冠李戴：most crowded country 是"问题背景"，作者举它是为了说明"人多地少更需要规划"，绝不是赞赏人口规模。 |
| B | × 排除 | 无中生有：本段并未评价"今日英国的政治生活"；末句 political spectrum 讲的是"应当让左右两派团结起来"，是一个呼吁，不是赞赏对象。 |
| C | × 排除 | 移花接木（本题最刁的一步）：原文的 enviable 修饰的是 rural coherence，low-density urban living 只是"仍然允许"的副产品。C 把 enviable 挪到了 urban lifestyle 上，属偷换修饰对象。 |
| D | √ 正确 | Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence——主语即被赞赏对象：城乡规划。enviable 是 appreciation 的直接信号词，且规划"一手保乡村风貌、一手容低密度城市生活"，正是作者在全篇力挺的解决路径。 |
| 题号 | 答案 | 定位段 | 核心线索 |
| 26 | D | Para 1 | While 让步句重心在主句：this has limited political support ＝ not well reflected in politics |
| 27 | A | Para 2 | every year concrete consumes more of it ＋ needs constant guardianship → gradually destroyed |
| 28 | D | Para 3 | Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for green land / struck terror into local Conservatives |
| 29 | B | Para 5 | favour rural new-build ↔ 作者主张 building respects their character → disregard for the character |
| 30 | D | Para 6 | 评价词 enviable 所在句的主语：half a century of town and country planning |
| 潘老师划重点：本篇是"公共政策讨论"型文章，主线一句话：乡村是国民骄傲（Para 1）→ 历史上有守护传统（Para 2）→ 如今各大党却都不支持（Para 3）→ 正确的选址在城里（Para 4）→ 批驳游说集团与奥斯本（Para 5）→ 结论：开发要有规划（Para 6）。作者立场毫不含糊：保乡村、挺规划、反对"住房危机必须占草地"的游说论调。做题五条：① 26 题靠让步句重心原则——While 之后是民意，逗号之后 limited political support 才是答案，limited ≈ not well。 ② 27 题的题眼是 now：段落后两句才是"现状"，consumes more of it every year＝gradually destroyed；needs constant guardianship 是"尚未守好"的反证。 ③ 28 题段落推断取"交集"：sensing its chance＋sided with 民意＋让对手恐慌＝可能获益；B 项 may abandon 与原文 explicitly / even authorizing 直接冲突。 ④ 29 题先分清"谁的立场"：题干问作者评价，就要拿作者的主张句（respects their character）去对照奥斯本的偏好（favours rural new-build）。A 项是本篇最大的坑——Under lobby pressure 被读成 against lobby pressure。 ⑤ 30 题找评价形容词的"落点"：enviable 修饰 rural coherence，而产出它的是 town and country planning，选 D；C 项把 enviable 挪到 urban lifestyle 上，是移花接木。替换对子背下来：sentiment＝public feeling、limited support＝not well reflected、consume＝destroy、side with＝support、disregard＝lack of respect。 |
| 词汇和长难句建议回顾 2 遍 ｜ 逐题精讲配合「定位词→定位句→精读→匹配」四步走 |
| 觉得有用，点个「在看」，转发给一起考研的 TA ｜ 下一期真题精讲见 |