ARTICLE · 1219872

高考英语不规则动词的过去式过去分词总结、速记和默写

发布时间：2026-10-21 02:34:14 最近访问：2026-10-21 02:34:18

按变化类型分为AAA / AAB / ABA / ABB / ABC 五类，只保留高考核心必考的原形、过去式、过去分词三栏，方便按规律分组背诵。

一、AAA 型（三形同形）

原形、过去式、过去分词完全相同。

cut — cut — cut
put — put — put
read（读音变化）— read — read
cost — cost — cost
hurt — hurt — hurt
let — let — let
set — set — set
spread — spread — spread
shut — shut — shut

二、AAB 型（过去式＝原形）

原形与过去式相同，过去分词发生变化。

- beat — beat — beaten

三、ABA 型（过去分词＝原形）

过去分词与原形相同。

- come — came — come

- run — ran — run

四、ABB 型（过去式＝过去分词）

过去式与过去分词相同，是数量最大的一类。

1. 以 -ought / -aught 结尾

bring — brought — brought

buy — bought — bought

think — thought — thought

fight — fought — fought

teach — taught — taught

catch — caught — caught

2. 元音 i → a

dig — dug — dug

win — won — won

sit — sat — sat

spit — spat — spat

3. 元音 e → o

sell — sold — sold

tell — told — told

4. 词尾 d → t

build — built — built

lend — lent — lent

send — sent — sent

spend — spent — spent

burn — burnt — burnt

learn — learnt — learnt

5. 其他高频 ABB

meet — met — met

keep — kept — kept

sleep — slept — slept

leave — left — left

feel — felt — felt

mean — meant — meant

smell — smelt — smelt

spell — spelt — spelt

lose — lost — lost

shoot — shot — shot

stand — stood — stood

understand — understood — understood

lay（放置/下蛋）— laid — laid

pay — paid — paid

say — said — said

have — had — had

make — made — made

hear — heard — heard

五、ABC 型（三形全不同）

三形各不相同，是高考语法填空与短文改错的重难点。

1. 元音 i → a → u

sing — sang — sung

drink — drank — drunk

swim — swam — swum

begin — began — begun

ring — rang — rung

sink — sank — sunk

2. 元音变化＋过去分词加 -n

break — broke — broken

speak — spoke — spoken

steal — stole — stolen

freeze — froze — frozen

choose — chose — chosen

wake — woke — woken

forget — forgot — forgotten

write — wrote — written

ride — rode — ridden

drive — drove — driven

rise — rose — risen

arise — arose — arisen

3. 其他高频 ABC

go — went — gone

see — saw — seen

do — did — done

eat — ate — eaten

fall — fell — fallen

fly — flew — flown

give — gave — given

take — took — taken

mistake — mistook — mistaken

shake — shook — shaken

show — showed — shown

高频易混辨析：lie / lay

lie — lay — lain：躺；位于（不及物）

lay — laid — laid：放置；下蛋（及物）

lie — lied — lied：说谎

记忆口诀：躺lie, lay, lain；放 lay, laid, laid；说谎 lie, lied, lied。

以 end 结尾的不规则动词（原形 - 过去式 - 过去分词）

1. bend/bend/ 弯腰；弯曲

bent /bent/ — bent /bent

2.blend /blend/ 混合

blent /blent（也可 blended）— blent /blent（也可 blended）

3. lend /lend 借出

lent /lent/ — lent /lent

4. rend /rend 撕碎（书面）

rent /rent — rent /rent

5. send /send/ 发送

sent /sent— sent /sent

6. spend/spend/ 花费；度过

spent /spent — spent /spent

eed结尾的动词变ed

| feed | fed | fed | 喂养

| bleed | bled | bled | 流血

-ell → -old /-elt（同类元音变化，）

| tell | told | told | 告诉

| sell | sold | sold | 卖

| smell | smelt / smelled | smelt / smelled | 闻

-eep → -ept

| keep | kept | kept | 保持

| sleep | slept | slept | 睡觉

| sweep | swept | swept | 扫

速记：

cut—cut—cut put—put—put read—read—read

beat—beat—beaten

come—came—come run—ran—run

bring—brought—brought buy—bought—bought

think—thought—thought teach—taught—taught

sing—sang—sung drink—drank—drunk swim—swam—swum

lie—lay—lain lay—laid—laid lie—lied—lied

go—went—gone see—saw—seen do—did—done

take—took—taken write—wrote—written drive—drove—driven

默写：写出过去式 & 过去分词

一、AAA 型

cut ________ ________

put ________ ________

read ________ ________

cost ________ ________

hurt ________ ________

let ________ ________

set ________ ________

spread ________ ________

shut ________ ________

二、AAB 型

beat ________ ________

三、ABA 型

come ________ ________

run ________ ________

四、ABB 型

以 -ought /-aught 结尾

bring ________ ________

buy ________ ________

think ________ ________

fight ________ ________

teach ________ ________

catch ________ ________

元音 i → a

dig ________ ________

win ________ ________

sit ________ ________

spit ________ ________

元音 e → o

sell ________ ________

tell ________ ________

词尾 d → t

build ________ ________

lend ________ ________

send ________ ________

spend ________ ________

burn ________ ________

learn ________ ________

其他高频 ABB

meet ________ ________

keep ________ ________

sleep ________ ________

leave ________ ________

feel ________ ________

mean ________ ________

smell ________ ________

spell ________ ________

lose ________ ________

shoot ________ ________

stand ________ ________

understand ________ ________

lay（放置 / 下蛋） ________ ________

pay ________ ________

say ________ ________

have ________ ________

make ________ ________

hear ________ ________

五、ABC 型

元音 i → a → u

sing ________ ________

drink ________ ________

swim ________ ________

begin ________ ________

ring ________ ________

sink ________ ________

### 元音变化＋过去分词加 -n

break ________ ________

speak ________ ________

steal ________ ________

freeze ________ ________

choose ________ ________

wake ________ ________

forget ________ ________

write ________ ________

ride ________ ________

drive ________ ________

rise ________ ________

arise ________ ________

其他高频 ABC

go ________ ________

see ________ ________

do ________ ________

eat ________ ________

fall ________ ________

fly ________ ________

give ________ ________

take ________ ________

mistake ________ ________

shake ________ ________

show ________ ________

lay（放置；下蛋） ________ ________

lie（说谎） ________ ________

1. bend ________ ________ 弯腰；弯曲

2. blend ________ ________ 混合

3. lend ________ ________ 借出

4. rend ________ ________ 撕碎（书面）

5. send ________ ________ 发送

6. spend ________ ________ 花费；度过

feed ________ ________ 喂养

bleed ________ ________ 流血

speed ________ ________ 加速

breed ________ ________ 繁殖；培育

tell ________ ________ 告诉

sell ________ ________ 卖

smell ________ ________ 闻

keep ________ ________ 保持

sleep ________ ________ 睡觉

sweep ________ ________ 扫