ARTICLE · 1251295
剑雅真题精读笔记丨剑18-Test3-Passage3
一、 雅思/六级核心词汇
1. mixed-ability
音标：/mɪkst əˈbɪləti/
释义：adj. 混合能力的
例句：Mixed-ability classes can benefit students through peer learning. (混合能力班级可以通过同伴学习让学生受益。)
2. streaming
音标：/ˈstriːmɪŋ/
释义：n. 按能力分班
例句：The practice of streaming is intuitively appealing to teachers. (分班制在直觉上很吸引教师。)
3. attainment
音标：/əˈteɪnmənt/
释义：n. 成就；学识
例句：Students are separated depending on their diagnosed levels of attainment. (学生根据他们被评估的学业水平被分开。)
4. pedagogical
音标：/ˌpedəˈɡɒdʒɪkl/
释义：adj. 教学法的
例句：The current pedagogical paradigm is constructivism. (当前的教学范式是建构主义。)
5. paradigm
音标：/ˈpærədaɪm/
释义：n. 范式，模式
6. constructivism
音标：/kənˈstrʌktɪvɪzəm/
释义：n. 建构主义
例句：Constructivism emerged out of the work of psychologist Lev Vygotsky. (建构主义源于心理学家列夫·维果茨基的研究。)
7. proximal
音标：/ˈprɒksɪməl/
释义：adj. 邻近的；近端的
例句：The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a key concept. (最近发展区是一个关键概念。)
8. scaffolding
音标：/ˈskæfəldɪŋ/
释义：n. 脚手架；支架式教学
例句：Teachers provide 'scaffolding' until students are autonomous. (教师提供"支架式教学"直到学生能自主学习。)
9. autonomous
音标：/ɔːˈtɒnəməs/
释义：adj. 自主的
10. empirical
音标：/ɪmˈpɪrɪkl/
释义：adj. 经验主义的
例句：There is limited empirical evidence to suggest streaming works. (只有有限的经验证据表明分班制有效。)
11. meta-analysis
音标：/ˈmetə əˈnæləsɪs/
释义：n. 荟萃分析
例句：Hattie's influential meta-analysis factors influencing student achievement. (海蒂有影响力的荟萃分析研究了影响学生成绩的因素。)
12. entrench
音标：/ɪnˈtrentʃ/
释义：v. 牢固确立；根深蒂固
例句：Streaming can further entrench the social divide. (分班制会进一步加剧社会分化。)
13. cognitive
音标：/ˈkɒɡnətɪv/
释义：adj. 认知的
例句：They possess similar cognitive structures to their struggling classmates. (他们拥有与学习有困难的同学相似的认知结构。)
14. zeal
音标：/ziːl/
释义：n. 热情
例句：Passing on knowledge brings a certain pride and zeal. (传授知识会带来一种自豪感和热情。)
15. collaborative
音标：/kəˈlæbərətɪv/
释义：adj. 合作的
例句：Having a variety of abilities in a collaborative environment is valuable. (在协作环境中拥有各种不同的能力是非常有价值的。)
16. mediocrity
音标：/ˌmiːdiˈɒkrəti/
释义：n. 平庸
例句：Individuals suffer, and mediocrity prevails. (个体受苦，平庸盛行。)
二、 文中出现的固定搭配短语
beyond their literacy demands: 超出他们的识字能力要求
例句：The text was beyond their literacy demands.
identify the key characters: 识别关键人物
例句：The teacher asked them to identify the key characters.
provide a tentative plot summary: 尝试性地总结情节
例句：Students could provide a tentative plot summary.
support their statements with textual evidence: 用原文证据支持观点
例句：Five of them might support their statements with textual evidence.
diagnosed levels of attainment: 评估出的学业水平
例句：Separating students depends on their diagnosed levels of attainment.
academically selective schools: 学术选拔性学校
例句：It requires the establishment of academically selective schools.
by way of analogy: 通过类比的方式
例句：The model is attacked by way of analogy: a group hike.
burn out teachers: 使教师精疲力竭
例句：Mixed-ability classes burn out teachers.
at the expense of: 以...为代价
例句：We need the many to flourish – not suffer at the expense of a few.
zone of proximal development (ZPD): 最近发展区
例句：Target a student's specific zone of proximal development.
peer-to-peer learning: 同伴学习
例句：It can underestimate the importance of peer-to-peer learning.
pass on skills and knowledge: 传递技能和知识
例句：There is something exciting about passing on skills and knowledge.
三、 长难句分析
1. He can ask most of the class about character development, and five of them might be able to support their statements with textual evidence.
分析: 这是一个由 and 连接的并列复合句。前半句是主谓宾结构（S+V+O），后半句是主谓结构（S+V），后面跟了动词不定式短语 "to support their statements with textual evidence" 作状语，表示目的。
翻译: 他可以询问班上大部分学生关于人物发展的问题，其中五个人或许能够用原文证据来支持自己的观点。
2. But wouldn't this kind of class work better if there weren't such a huge gap between the top and the bottom?
分析: 这是一个反问句，使用了虚拟语气。主句是 "wouldn't this kind of class work better"，if 引导的条件状语从句使用了 were (表示与现在事实相反)，"top and the bottom" 在这里是借代修辞，指代“优等生和后进生”。
翻译: 但是，如果优等生和后进生之间没有如此巨大的差距，这种课堂的效果不是会更好吗？
3. The fittest in the group take the lead and set a brisk pace, only to have to stop and wait every 20 minutes.
分析: 主句是 "The fittest...take the lead and set a brisk pace"。"only to have to stop and wait" 是动词不定式短语作结果状语，通常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。
翻译: 小组中身体最健壮的人带头并设定了一个轻快的步伐，结果却不得不每20分钟就停下来等待。
4. The brightest ones will never summit Mount Qomolangma, and the stragglers won't enjoy the lovely stroll in the park they are perhaps more suited to.
分析: 由 and 连接的并列句。后半句中 "they are perhaps more suited to" 是定语从句，修饰先行词 "the lovely stroll in the park"，省略了关系代词 that/which。
翻译: 最聪明的学生永远无法登顶珠穆朗玛峰，而那些掉队的学生也无法享受他们或许更适合的公园里愉快的散步。
5. There is also something exciting about passing on skills and knowledge that you yourself have just mastered – a certain pride and zeal, a certain freshness to the interaction between 'teacher' and 'learner' that is often lost by the expert for whom the steps are obvious and the joy of discovery forgotten.
分析: 主句是 There be 句型。第一个 that 引导定语从句修饰 "skills and knowledge"。破折号后面的内容是对 "something exciting" 的补充说明。第二个 that 引导定语从句修饰 "freshness"，而这个定语从句中又嵌套了一个由 "for whom" 引导的定语从句修饰 "the expert"。
翻译: 传递你刚刚掌握的技能和知识也伴随着某种令人兴奋的事情——一种自豪感和热情，一种“教”与“学”之间互动的清新感，而这种清新感往往是专家所失去的，因为对他们来说步骤是显而易见的，而且发现的乐趣已被遗忘。
四、 能用到雅思作文中的经典句式
1. 描述场景/引入话题
句式：Picture this scene. It's ..., and ...
例句：Picture this scene. It's a typical morning in a metropolitan city, and millions of commuters are rushing to catch the subway.
2. 表达对某事的看法/评价
句式：... is intuitively appealing to ...
例句：The idea of a four-day workweek is intuitively appealing to employees seeking a better work-life balance.
3. 引出反面观点/进行反驳
句式：If we accept this model, it follows that ...
例句：If we accept this model, it follows that investing more in renewable energy is not just an option but a necessity.
4. 表示转折/指出矛盾
句式：Despite all this, there is limited empirical evidence to suggest that ...
例句：Despite all this, there is limited empirical evidence to suggest that a four-day workweek boosts overall corporate productivity.
5. 强调重要性/价值
句式：The value of ... must not go unrecognized.
例句：The value of mental health education in schools must not go unrecognized in today's high-pressure academic environment.
6. 总结观点/升华主题
句式：And today, more than ever, we need ... to ... – not ... at the expense of ...
例句：And today, more than ever, we need technological advancement to serve humanity – not to replace human connection at the expense of our social well-being.
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