人教版高中英语必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and fitness|必背清单

人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and fitness｜必背清单

 主题：运动与健康；核心语法：附加疑问句（反意疑问句）

 ✅ 一、必背核心单词（含词形链）

 1. fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康；健壮；适合

→ fit adj. 健康的；适合的；v. 适合

✔ keep fit；be fit for；fit in with

2. compete /kəmˈpiːt/ vi. 竞争；比赛

→ competition n. 比赛；competitor n. 参赛者；competitive adj. 有竞争力的

✔ compete in；compete with/against sb. for sth.

3. injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤；损害

→ injured adj. 受伤的；injury n. 伤痛，损伤

✔ get injured

4. honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 荣誉；荣幸 vt. 尊重

→ honourable adj. 可敬的

✔ in honour of 为纪念；向……致敬

5. determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 决心

→ determine v. 决心；determined adj. 坚定的

6. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败；失败的人/事

→ fail v. 失败；未能做到 ✔ fail to do

7. stress /stres/ n. 压力 vt. 强调；使紧张

→ stressful adj.（事物）有压力的；stressed adj.（人）感到压力的

8. pretend /prɪˈtend/ v. 假装；装扮

✔ pretend to do；pretend to be doing；pretend to have done

9. cheat /tʃiːt/ v. 作弊；欺骗 n. 骗子

10. master /ˈmɑːstə(r)/ n. 大师；主人 vt. 精通，掌握

11. event /ɪˈvent/ n. 赛事；大事；公开活动

12. sweat /swet/ v. 出汗 n. 汗水

13. track /træk/ n. 跑道；踪迹；轨道 v. 追踪

14. diet /ˈdaɪət/ n. 日常饮食 vi. 节食 ✔ go on a diet

15. slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的；单薄的

16. athlete /ˈæθliːt/ n. 运动员

17. legend /ˈledʒənd/ n. 传奇人物；传说

18. audience /ˈɔːdiəns/ n. 观众（集合名词）

19. strength /streŋθ/ n. 力量；强项

→ strong adj.；strengthen v. 加强

20. compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较

→ comparison n.

✔ compare A with B；compare A to B；compared with/to（作状语）

 ✅ 二、必背短语（高考高频）

 - work out 锻炼；算出；解决

- make it 成功；准时赶到

- fall apart 破碎；崩溃；瓦解

- lose heart 灰心，泄气

- set an example (to/for sb.) 树立榜样

- come along 跟随；进步；赶快

- cut out 戒除；剪下

- rather than 而不是

- now and then 偶尔，有时

- make sense 有道理，讲得通

- make a difference 起作用，有影响

- give up 放弃

- even if / even though 即使（让步状语）

 ✅ 三、必背高分句型（适合读后续写、应用文）

 1. seem to do 似乎、好像

When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still.

乔丹双脚离地那一刻，时间仿佛静止了。

转换：It seemed that…

2. even if 引导让步状语从句

A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his team.

足球运动员不该假装摔倒，即便那样对球队有利。

3. 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing（单元重点）

The club he started has been helping young people since 1996.

他创办的俱乐部自 1996 年起一直在帮助年轻人。

✔ 强调：动作从过去开始，持续至今，还可能继续。

4. 动名词作主语

Working out regularly is good for your physical and mental health.

定期锻炼有益于身心健康。

5. compared with… 作状语

Compared with many athletes, Lang Ping is more than a coach.

和很多运动员相比，郎平不只是一名教练。

 ✅ 四、核心语法：附加疑问句（反意疑问句）

 口诀：前肯后否，前否后肯；时态一致，人称一致

 - You like sports, don’t you?

- He hasn’t made it, has he?

- Let’s go jogging, shall we?

- Let us have a rest, will you?

- Don’t give up, will you?

- There is no doubt, is there?

- You’d better try, hadn’t you?

 重点特例：

 - must 表“必须”：You must go, needn’t you?

- must 表推测：He must be tired, isn’t he?

 ✅ 五、课文必背佳句（Living Legends）

 They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.

他们必须是精通自己项目、并且能为他人树立榜样的运动员。