Tokens and coupons
AI Token与债券票息
AI has taken over the stock market. The bond market is next
AI热潮席卷股市,如今正向债券市场蔓延。
【前文回顾:第1-3段主要探讨了人工智能基础设施建设正在推动新一轮债券市场繁荣。原文首先回顾历史指出,19世纪铁路行业的快速扩张产生了巨大的资本需求,推动企业融资从依赖小型银行转向与债券市场结合,并逐渐形成国际化融资体系。随后,将这一历史经验与当前AI浪潮进行类比,指出人工智能基础设施建设同样需要投入巨额资金,促使Meta、Nvidia、Oracle、Amazon、Alphabet和SpaceX等科技企业纷纷通过发行债券筹集资金。最后,用美国企业债市场的数据进一步证明这一趋势:受AI投资热潮推动,今年美国企业债发行规模预计将创历史新高,其中AI相关债券融资将占据越来越重要的比例。】
Paragraph 4
Such sums explain why the Bank for International Settlements, central banks’ central bank, recently warned that AI projects may not make enough money to repay the debt that financed them. If bond investing is the “negative art” of choosing what to avoid rather than what to buy, as it is sometimes described, how much avoiding must bond investors do?
Translation
如此巨额的融资规模,也解释了为什么被称为“央行的央行”的国际清算银行近期发出警告:一些人工智能项目未来可能无法赚取足够利润,来偿还支撑这些项目发展的债务。如果债券投资正如人们有时所说的那样,是一门“避免错误的艺术”,关键不在于选择买什么,而在于避免买错什么,那么债券投资者如今究竟需要避开什么,又需要避开多少风险呢?
Words & Phrases
1. Bank for International Settlements (BIS) 国际清算银行
central banks’ central bank 表明它不是普通商业银行,而是服务各国央行,协调国际金融体系,类似表达:the lender of last resort。注意此处《经济学人》常用同位语解释机构。
2. warn 警告……
常见搭配:warn of risks, warn investors that..., warn against doing something
例句:Economists warned that excessive borrowing could threaten financial stability. 经济学家警告,过度借贷可能威胁金融稳定。
3. repay the debt 偿还债务
金融高频词:repay debt 偿还债务, accumulate debt 累积债务, reduce debt 降低债务, restructure debt 重组债务
注意区别:repay debt 强调还本金,service debt 强调支付利息和维持债务
例:Many developing countries struggle to service their external debt. 许多发展中国家难以偿还外债。
4. negative art “消极的艺术” / “避免错误的艺术”
这是本段中极具特色的表达。原文解释为:债券投资不像股票投资,股票投资寻找赢家(Which company will grow),债券投资首先避免失败(Which company might default)
类似表达:Investing is often more about avoiding mistakes than finding opportunities. 投资很多时候不是寻找机会,而是避免错误。
Writing
句式一:Such + noun + explain why + institution/person + warned that... 如此……解释了为什么某机构警告……
仿写:Such environmental pressures explain why governments have warned that urgent action is needed. 如此巨大的环境压力解释了为什么政府警告必须采取紧急行动。
句式二:X may not generate enough revenue to do Y. X可能无法产生足够收入来实现Y。
仿写:Many start-ups may not generate enough revenue to justify their high valuations. 许多初创企业可能无法创造足够收入证明其高估值合理。
Paragraph 5
In some ways, the AI-issuance bonanza makes the corporate-bond market appear a little safer than it was. The total debts of America’s five “hyperscale” cloud giants— Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft and Oracle—climbed by $228bn in the six months to March. That is nearly five times more than any such two-quarter increase in the past.
Translation
从某些方面来看,人工智能债券发行热潮反而让企业债券市场显得比过去更加安全。截至3月,美国五大“超大规模”云计算巨头——Alphabet、亚马逊、Meta、微软和甲骨文——的债务总额在六个月内增加了2280亿美元。这一增幅接近过去任何一个连续两季度债务增长纪录的五倍。
Words & Phrases
1. issuance bonanza 发行狂潮
bonanza 原义为富矿、财富来源,引申为突然出现的大规模繁荣。
常见搭配:investment bonanza, tourism bonanza, export bonanza
例句:The AI boom has created a business bonanza for chip manufacturers. AI热潮为芯片制造商创造了巨大的商业机会。
2. hyperscale cloud giants 超大规模云计算巨头
hyperscale 超级规模化,指能够处理极大规模计算需求。
hyperscale cloud giants=拥有全球大型云计算基础设施的科技公司。
例句:Hyperscale companies are investing billions in data centres. 超大规模企业正在投资数十亿美元建设数据中心。
Writing
句式一:In some ways, X makes Y appear …从某些方面来看,X使Y看起来更加……
仿写:In some ways, automation makes workplaces appear more efficient than before. 从某些方面来看,自动化让工作场所看起来比过去更加高效。
句式二:The total amount of X climbed by Y in the period to Z. 截至Z时间,X总量增加了Y。
仿写:The total investment in renewable energy climbed by $100bn in the year to 2025. 截至2025年一年内,可再生能源投资总额增加1000亿美元。
句式三:That is + 倍数 + more than... 这一数字是过去……的几倍。
仿写:Global data traffic is now nearly three times higher than it was a decade ago. 如今全球数据流量几乎是十年前的三倍。
Paragraph 6
The first four of the hyperscalers have for years churned out more profits than they know what to do with, and so enjoy strong credit ratings. Microsoft’s debt is considered safer than Uncle Sam’s. Only Oracle, the smallest and least profitable of the five, receives a middling “B” grade from big credit-rating agencies (though so do the issuers of about half of American corporate bonds these days).
Translation
这五家超大规模云计算企业中的前四家,多年来一直创造出多到难以有效利用的利润,因此拥有很高的信用评级。甚至微软的债务,都被认为比美国政府债券更加安全。只有其中规模最小、盈利能力最弱的甲骨文,获得了大型信用评级机构给予的中等水平“B”评级(不过如今约有一半美国企业债券发行方也都获得类似评级)。
Words & Phrases
1. churn out
原义为机器不断生产产品。引申为大量、持续地产生。
2. enjoy strong credit ratings 拥有较高信用评级
这里:enjoy 意思是“拥有、享有”。
常见搭配:enjoy a good reputation, enjoy strong support
例句:The company enjoys a strong reputation among consumers. 该公司在消费者中享有良好声誉。
credit rating 信用评级
信用评级机构评估企业是否有能力偿还债务。主要评级机构:S&P Global Ratings 标普、Moody's Ratings 穆迪、Fitch Ratings 惠誉。债券投资者购买企业债券时,最关心这个公司未来能不能还钱。评级机构会根据企业盈利能力(profitability)、现金流(cash flow)、债务规模(debt levels)、偿债能力(debt-servicing capacity)等指标给企业一个信用等级。国际主流机构将信用评级划分为 10 个主要级别,前四级AAA / AA / A / BBB为投资级,代表债务人偿债能力较强、违约风险低,其中 AAA 级最高。后六级BB / B / CCC / CC / C / D为投机级,代表具有一定甚至极高的违约风险,D 级表示已经违约。穆迪的符号体系略有不同,最高级为Aaa,投资级包含Aaa、Aa、A、Baa。
3. Uncle Sam美国政府
美国政治文化中的拟人化表达
类似表达:Downing Street 英国政府、Whitehall 英国政府部门
Uncle Sam’s debt 也就是美国政府债务,即美国国债。
4. though so do...
这是本句的一个语法难点,原句:Only Oracle receives a middling “B” grade ... (though so do the issuers of about half of American corporate bonds these days). so do是倒装结构,完整表达为:About half of American corporate bond issuers receive a B grade. 为了避免重复,简化为so do the issuers...相当于“这些发行者也是如此”。
类似表达:China exports many electronic products, and so does Japan. 中国出口很多电子产品,日本也是如此。
Writing
句式一:Company A has for years produced more X than it knows what to do with. 某公司多年持续创造大量X,多到难以有效利用。
仿写:Some governments have accumulated more foreign reserves than they know what to do with. 一些政府积累了大量外汇储备,多到难以有效利用。
句式二:A is considered safer/more reliable than B. A被认为比B更安全/可靠。
仿写:Digital payments are considered more convenient than traditional banking services. 数字支付被认为比传统银行服务更加便利。
Paragraph 7
You might expect a debt-raising boom to raise the spreads on corporate bonds, a measure of their riskiness relative to safe Treasuries. But thanks to the creditworthiness of the largest big-tech issuers, average spreads remain at around 0.8 percentage points, close to the narrowest they have been in a quarter of a century.
Translation
你可能会认为,一轮企业大规模融资热潮应该会推高企业债券的信用利差,这一指标衡量的是企业债券相对于安全的美国国债而言所承担的额外风险。但由于最大的科技企业发行人拥有很强的信用资质,企业债平均信用利差目前仍维持在约0.8个百分点,接近过去25年来的最低水平。
Words & Phrases
1. debt-raising boom 债务融资热潮
2. spread 利差
金融含义,表示两种金融产品收益率之间的差距。本文corporate-bond spreads企业债券利差,具体指:企业债收益率-美国国债收益率=信用利差
为什么存在利差?因为美国国债被认为风险最低,而企业债有违约风险,所以投资者要求额外收益补偿。利差扩大意味着市场担心风险增加;利差缩小意味着市场认为风险较低。本文中虽然AI企业大量借债,但是信用利差没有扩大,说明投资者仍然信任大型科技公司的偿债能力。
3. riskiness relative to 相对于……的风险程度
A relative to B A相对于B
例句:The cost remains high relative to other countries. 相比其他国家,这一成本仍然较高。
4. Treasuries 美国国债
完整表达为US Treasury bonds
常见表达:Treasury yields 美国国债收益率、Treasury market 美国国债市场、Treasury investors 国债投资者
5. creditworthiness 信用可靠性,偿债能力
类似表达:trustworthiness 可信度、reliability 可靠性
常见搭配:strong creditworthiness 较强信用能力、assess creditworthiness 评估信用状况
例句:Banks assess borrowers' creditworthiness before approving loans. 银行在批准贷款前会评估借款人的信用状况。
6. big-tech issuers 大型科技债券发行方
常见搭配:share issuer, bond issuer
7. remain at around 保持在约……
例句:The unemployment rate remained at around 5%. 失业率维持在约5%。
Writing
句式一:You might expect X to do Y. 你可能认为X会导致Y。
适用于提出一种普通观点
仿写:You might expect higher taxes to discourage investment. 你可能认为更高税收会抑制投资。
句式二:Thanks to X, Y remains...由于X,Y仍然保持……
仿写:Thanks to advances in renewable technology, clean energy costs remain competitive. 由于可再生能源技术进步,清洁能源成本仍具有竞争力。
【本篇英文原文选自The Economist (Europe). July,11th–July,17th. 2026. Finance & economics】
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