【题型训练】阅读理解专题(完)

阅读理解

A

December Contest: Pen Dance

There are many ways to dance, and a pen can make a fun partner. For this month’s contest, put on some music you like, grab a pen, crayon, or paintbrush, and let your fingers dance beautiful patterns across the page. Send us your creative drawing, and we’ll fill a dance hall with the most delightful creations in an upcoming issue of Fun Campus.

Contest Rules

1. Your contest entry must be your very own work. Ideas and words should not be copied.

2. Please submit only one entry per person.

3. If you want your work returned, enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope.

4. Your entry must be signed by a parent or legal guardian, saying it’s your own work and that no one helped you, and that Fun Campus has permission to publish it in print and online.

5. For information on the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, see the Privacy Policy page at funcampus.com.

6. Be sure to include your name, age, and address on your entry.

7. Email a photo or scan of artwork to funcampus.com. Entries must be emailed by December 30.

8. We will publish the winning entries in an upcoming issue of Fun Campus.

Let your pen become your dance partner, and let your creativity dance across the page. Happy drawing, and may your Pen Dance be filled with joy and inspiration!

1. What is the task for the contestants?

A. To draw a dancing scene. 

B. To write a musical.

C. To perform in a dance hall. 

D. To create an artwork.

2. Which of the following is one rule of the contest?

A. Emailing submission is not allowed. 

B. Participants need dancing experience.

C. The submitted works must be original. 

D. Children should work with their parents.

3. What should each participant submit along with their work?

A. A return envelope. 

B. Their signature.

C. An entry introduction. 

D. Their personal information.

·put on 播放（熟词生义）；穿戴

·entry n. 参赛作品（熟词生义）；进入

·enclose vt. 随函附上

·guardian n. 监护人

·permission  n. 准许

·publish vt. 刊登，发表；公布

If you want your work returned, enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope.

这是一个主从复合句。if引导_____________，主句“enclose a self-addressed, stamped envelope”是一个_____________。

B

It isn’t a concert hall, but a picnic table at Lake Roland. Norma Griner performs here now. From a little loudspeaker comes a saxophone. A cellphone begins recording. She keeps tapping her fingers on the table. “Feel it,” says Larry Griner, her son and caregiver. “Feel it!”

It’s a charming scene repeated day after day at this Baltimore County park. Alzheimer’s disease fogs her memory and erases some lyrics (歌词), but the music moves her still.

Larry shares these performances on Facebook. There’s Ms. Norma singing a song about her love of chocolate, or making strangers cry by singing Over the Rainbow. Who could guess she is at the age of 91?

Alzheimer’s caregivers from around the country watch the recordings. In Texas, one woman starts her day with Ms. Norma’s newest video. In Alabama, another woman watches with her grandson, who finds life so meaningful.

Born in Philadelphia, Norma learned to read music during elementary school. Wherever she was, she lost herself in music. She retired in 1989 and devoted more time to music. In 2012, she was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, which slowly destroyed her memory and thinking. Larry soon found he could cheer her up with chocolate. Then, of course, music.

When he played her favorite songs, Norma came alive. She might not remember where she was, but she could sing Lean on Me. The bursts of vigor moved Larry. He began to record and share her performances online.

He found something doctors have long known. Doctors have used music for years to engage Alzheimer’s patients and draw them out of the fog. The disease damages parts of the brain that store memories; music activates the same parts. 

Meanwhile, Larry formed an online support group for Alzheimer’s caregivers called Molly’s Movement. Caregivers from as far as Australia heard Norma sing. Each day, he shared a new video. “I already know what’s going to come from the loved one. They’re the only one who’s consistent,” he said.

4. What makes Norma Griner so special in the park?

A. She is the oldest woman patient there.

B. She sings there despite her age and illness.

C. She designs the best chocolates for strangers.

D. She is good at making friends with strangers.

5. How do viewers react to Norma’s performances?

A. They find the senior so energetic.

B. They feel ridiculous and strange.

C. They find music more charming.

D. They feel moved and inspired.

6. Why did Larry decide to record his mom’s singing?

A. He was touched by her love for music.

B. He hoped to make some money online.

C. He knew her singing would be popular.

D. He decided to become a music producer.

7. What is the best title for the text?

A. The Best Singer in Baltimore County

B. Alzheimer’s Can Be Cured with Music

C. Music, Memory, and Alzheimer’s Disease

D. The Baltimore Singer Becomes Alzheimer’s Inspiration

·loudspeaker n. 喇叭；扩音器

·caregiver  n. 看护者；家庭护理员

·erase vt. 清除；消除；擦掉

·activate  vt. 激活

There’s Ms. Norma singing a song about her love of chocolate, or making strangers cry by singing Over the Rainbow. (Para. 3)

本句是There be句型。句中“singing a song about her love of chocolate”与“making strangers cry”都是动词-ing形式短语作_____________，修饰名词“Ms. Norma”。

C

The European Union has proposed treating nuclear energy and natural-gas investments as similar to renewables for a carbon-neutral economy. Known as the “green taxonomy (分类)”, it is being closely watched by investors and industries including power generation, transportation and manufacturing.

Europe has been committed to slashing its carbon emissions by 55% by 2030. The EU hopes that by clearly classifying what counts as green investment and setting out stricter rules for what is required to achieve that, it will encourage investment in green projects, potentially lowering their funding costs relative to other energy plans.

The rules require energy companies to transition (转型) away from carbon-emitting energy sources and report what proportion of their investments go to green projects. In recent months, France has led a push to include nuclear energy, its main electricity source, on the green-investment list.

A number of countries in Eastern and Southern Europe have pushed the EU not to discourage investment in natural-gas supplies. The EU imports three-quarters of its natural gas, an energy source that emits less carbon than coal.

Natural-gas investment can be counted as green until at least 2030 if their carbon emissions are under a fixed threshold (阈值), which is estimated to mean it will produce no significant environmental harm. Even then, electricity firms must show they are generating a growing percentage of their energy from renewable sources in coming years.

Under the proposals, investment in nuclear plants can be classified as green until 2045, while investments to extend the life of existing nuclear plants can count as sustainable until 2040. Conditions apply. Nuclear plants will have to show they and their governments have plans to handle the cost of decommissioning plants in future.

8. What does the underlined word “slashing” probably mean in the second paragraph?

A. Increasing. 

B. Decreasing. 

C. Accumulating. 

D. Changing.

9. What should electricity firms do according to the text?

A. Try to lower the price of the electricity.

B. Stop using any carbon-emitting energy sources.

C. Improve the percentage of energy from renewable sources.

D. End the life of existing nuclear plants before 2040.

10. What can we learn about natural gas?

A. Natural gas releases much more carbon than coal.

B. European countries export three-quarters of its natural gas.

C. Investment in natural gas was not encouraged by the EU.

D. Investment in natural-gas plants cannot be classified as green.

11. What is the text mainly about?

A. Rules about “green taxonomy”.

B. Nuclear energy and natural gas.

C. Investment in green projects.

D. A carbon-neutral economy.

·investment  n. 投资；投资额/物；（时间/精力的）投入

·renewables  n. 可再生资源

·classify  vt. 将……分类

·count as 算作；看作

Natural-gas investment can be counted as green until at least 2030 if their carbon emissions are under a fixed threshold, which is estimated to mean it will produce no significant environmental harm. (Para. 5)

这是一个主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句；which引导_____________，从句中还包含一个省略that的_____________。

D

The earliest evidence of humans walking upright is fossilized footprints. They were left by someone walking through the mud nearly 3.7 million years ago. And a study suggests that early humans did not walk alone.

Walking on two legs is a typically human thing to do. “It’s a very strange way of moving through the world,” said McNutt. She studies upright walking and says most four-legged creatures find it challenging. “If you imagine asking a dog to do that, it’s really unsteady. It’s really uncomfortable. It doesn’t want to do that,” she said.

Yet humans did it early in their history. For example, at one site in Tanzania, a volcanic eruption over 3.5 million years ago covered the landscape with ash and preserved all kinds of tracks that had been left in the mud.

“All kinds of creatures walked across this landscape, and they left these amazing footprints, including one set of footprints that look quite human,” said McNutt. “And the tracks have been reconstructed to belong to a hominin, an early human ancestor. And this is the same species that the quite famous fossilized Lucy belongs to.” 

When these were discovered back in the 1970s, workers also found five footprints that looked more mysterious. Researchers speculated that these prints were created by a small bear walking upright.

McNutt and her colleagues decided to re-examine them using modern technology. Their results turn out the fossilized footprints just aren’t bear-like. Instead, there are signs of more human-like features, such as a big toe. “The nature of fossilized footprints and how these tracks are made can show that they’re in the same layer of mud. So these are likely made within the scale of hours to days from one another.” 

Stephanie Melillo says, “We see there the presence of two different kinds of hominin ancestors together in the same environment, in the same place, at the same time. And I don’t think that we really have a good answer to why our ancestors started walking upright yet.”

12. Why does McNutt mention a dog in paragraph 2?

A. To highlight an experiment. 

B. To support her argument.

C. To present an assumption. 

D. To praise it for its loyalty.

13. What can we infer about fossilized Lucy?

A. It was discovered by accident.

B. It contains the bear-like footprints.

C. It proves human ancestors.

D. It has the footprints of hominins.

14. Why did McNutt re-examine the fossilized tracks discovered in Tanzania?

A. To study why bears walk upright.

B. To determine who left the footprints.

C. To distinguish between two early human species.

D. To research the behaviors of chimpanzees.

15. What’s Stephanie’s attitude towards the coexistence of two early human species?

A. Positive. 

B. Skeptical. 

C. Disapproving. 

D. Unclear.

·fossilize  vt. & vi. （使）变成化石；石化

·speculate  vt. & vi. 推测；推断

Researchers speculated that these prints were created by a small bear walking upright. (Para. 5)

这是一个主从复合句。that引导_____________；“walking upright”是动词-ing形式短语作__________，修饰“____________”。

答案与解析

A

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一场绘画比赛的相关情况。

【答案解析】

1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Send us your creative drawing, and we’ll fill a dance hall with the most delightful creations in an upcoming issue of Fun Campus.”可知，参赛者的任务是创作一幅艺术作品。故选D。

2. C 细节理解题。根据Contest Rules部分中的“Your contest entry must be your very own work.”以及“Your entry must be signed by a parent or legal guardian, saying it’s your own work…”可知，比赛的规则是提交的作品必须是原创作品。故选C。

3. D 细节理解题。根据Contest Rules部分中的第6条“Be sure to include your name, age, and address on your entry.”可知，参与者应该在提交作品的同时提交他们的个人信息。故选D。

【长难句分析答案】

条件状语从句；祈使句

B

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇记叙文。在美国巴尔的摩县的一个公园里，总有一位91岁高龄的老太太在投入地歌唱，而事实上她是一位阿尔茨海默病患者。她的歌声感动了无数人，而医生也认可音乐的治愈力量。

【答案解析】

4. B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“There’s Ms. Norma singing a song about her love of chocolate, or making strangers cry by singing Over the Rainbow.”可知，Norma在公园里唱歌；根据本段最后一句中“at the age of 91”可知，她的年龄很高；根据第五段第四句中“she was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s”可知，她患有阿尔茨海默病，但是在这些不利因素下她依然热爱歌唱，这让她与众不同。故选B。

5. D 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句中“making strangers cry by singing”可知，Norma的歌令人感动；根据第四段第一句“Alzheimer’s caregivers from around the country watch the recordings.”和最后一句中的“finds life so meaningful”可知，很多人观看了她唱歌的视频并受到鼓舞。综上可知，D项正确。

6. A 细节理解题。根据第六段第三句“The bursts of vigor moved Larry.”可知，Larry决定为母亲录制视频是因为母亲对音乐的热爱令他感动。故选A。

7. D 主旨大意题。Norma Griner是一位患有阿尔茨海默病的91岁高龄的老太太，她每天都在巴尔的摩县的一个公园里唱歌，她的歌声感动了无数人，鼓舞了那些阿尔茨海默病患者的家属，D项内容最能概括全文大意。故选D。

【长难句分析答案】

后置定语

C

【语篇解读】

本文主要介绍的是欧盟提议将核能和天然气投资视为类似可再生能源的投资，以实现碳中和经济。

【答案解析】

8. B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Europe has committed to slashing its carbon emissions by 55% by 2030.”以及前一段提到的碳中和经济可知，此处是说欧洲已承诺到2030年将其碳排放量削减55%。故选B。

9. C 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“electricity firms”可定位到第五段最后一句“Even then, electricity firms must show they are generating a growing percentage of their energy from renewable sources in coming years.”，根据这句话可知，电力公司必须表明他们利用可再生能源发电的比例在不断增长。故选C。

10. C 推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词“natural gas”可定位到第四段。根据第四段第一句“A number of countries in Eastern and Southern Europe have pushed the EU not to discourage investment in natural-gas supplies.”可知，东欧和南欧的一些国家已经敦促欧盟不要阻碍对天然气供应的投资。由此可推断，欧盟曾经并不鼓励对天然气的投资。故选C。根据第四段第二句“The EU imports three-quarters of its natural gas, an energy source that emits less carbon than coal.”可知，欧盟四分之三的天然气来自进口，天然气是一种比煤炭排放更少碳的能源，故排除A、B。根据第五段第一句“Natural-gas investments can be counted as green…”可知，天然气投资可以算作绿色投资，排除D项。

11. A 主旨大意题。综览全文以及第一段第二句“Known as the ‘green taxonomy’”可知，本文主要介绍了欧盟新提出的环保分类法则。故选A。

【长难句分析答案】

非限制性定语从句；宾语从句

D

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类直立行走的最早证据——脚印化石。研究人员通过研究坦桑尼亚一个地方的脚印化石，证明了同时存在着两种不同的直立行走的人类祖先。

【答案解析】

12. B 推理判断题。根据第二段的“She studies upright walking and says most four-legged creatures find it challenging.”可知，这是她的观点，后面她提到让狗直立行走，目的是支持她的观点。故选B。

13. C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“‘And the tracks have been reconstructed to belong to a hominin, an early human ancestor. And this is the same species that the quite famous fossilized Lucy belongs to.’”可知，这些足迹属于早期人类祖先，和著名的露西化石属于同一物种，这说明露西化石是早期人类的祖先。故选C。

14. B 推理判断题。根据第五段的“Researchers speculated that these prints were created by a small bear walking upright.”和第六段的“McNutt and her colleagues decided to re-examine them using modern technology. Their results turn out the fossilized footprints just aren’t bear-like. Instead, there are signs of more human-like features, such as a big toe.”可知，McNutt重新检验这些足迹，目的是想搞清楚这些足印到底是谁留下的。故选B。

15. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We see there the presence of two different kinds of hominin ancestors together in the same environment, in the same place, at the same time.”可知，Stephanie认为他们已经看到两种不同的人类祖先在同一环境、同一地方和同一时间出现，这说明她对于两种早期人类物种共存的看法持肯定的态度。故选A。

【长难句分析答案】

宾语从句；后置定语；a small bear