文档内容
主旨大意解题技巧
每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有
四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要掌握以下技巧：通读文章，重点
把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中 therefore,
thus, but, however, in short, to sum up等表达转折或总结的词语。主旨大意题是对整篇文章或者文章中个
别段落大意的概括，属于高难度、高区分度的题目。常见的提问方式是：What is the text mainly about? 或
Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
主旨大意题
方法：主旨大意分为大意类和标题类以及段落大意。①主题句是主旨大意的体现，因此识别每段主题
句，然后归纳。②看首段和尾端③看文中出现最多的词
陷阱：①注意以偏概全不能选②范围太大不能选③注意段落大意，看清段落不要误选
方法1 文章大意总结法
文章大意，就是对整篇文章的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对整篇文章主旨大意的理解归纳能
力。
When accepting gifts, rules are different here in China and in the west.
Anna Scheen, from the Netherlands, was puzzled(困惑的) when she gave a present to her Chinese friends for
the first time. "They refused to accept it two or three times, and when they finally accepted, they didn't open it.
They just took it and put it away. After that, I never heard about it again. They never mentioned whether they liked
it or not." she said.
In the west, it is polite to open a wrapped (包装好的) gift in front of the giver and say thanks. However, the
situation is different in China. People usually open the gift after the giver has left. Opening a gift in front of the
giver is regarded as impolite.
The main idea of the passage is about ______.
A. the different rules of accepting presents
B. how to give a gift in China
C. how to choose a good gift
D. the western rules of accepting gifts
Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章主旨大意，选项含义 A. 接受礼物的不同
规则B. 如何在中国送礼物C. 如何选择好的礼物D. 西方接受礼物的规则；
Step2：分析各段段落大意：第一段总起引出话题，指出中西方在接受礼物时有不同的规则；第二段和第
三段分别介绍了中国和西方国家在接受他人礼物时所表现出的不同。；
Step3：结合段落大意总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述不同的接受礼物的规则；
Step4：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落大意，C项不符合文意，正确答案为A。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司方法2 段落大意总结法
段落大意，就是对文章的某一段落的主旨大意进行提炼概括。主要考查学生对文章中某一段落主旨大意
的理解归纳能力。
Nate Robinson is unlike any other player in the NBA. This player is the shortest in the NBA, but he is one of the
most fearless players. He is 1.75m tall. "In NBA, he looks like a fourth-grader among a group of high school
students." according to The Atlantic.
How can he compete(竞争) with them？...
Paragraph 1 of the report mainly talks about _____.
A. how great Nate Robinson is
B. how Nate Robinson is unlike any other player
C. how fearless Nate Robinson is
D. who Nate Robinson is
Step1：分析理解题干及选项：根据题干设问可知本题考点段落大意，选项含义 A. 内特·罗宾逊有多棒B.
内特·罗宾逊是如何不同于其他球员的C. 内特·罗宾逊是多么无畏D. 内特·罗宾逊是谁
Step2：通读理解第一段：内特·罗宾逊不同于NBA中的任何其他球员。这位球员是NBA中最矮的，但他
是最无畏的球员之一。他身高1.75米。据《大西洋月刊》报道，“在NBA，他看起来就像一群高中生中
的四年级学生。”；
Step3：概括段落大意：结合第一段理解及Nate Robinson is unlike any other player in the NBA．可知，内特
罗宾逊与NBA其他的任何队员都不同．本段是围绕他如何与其他运动员不同展开的讨论。
Step4：定位答案：通过对题干选项及第一段的分析理解，正确答案为B。
方法3 标题判断法
标题判断，就是根据文章内容，在选项中判断出一个与之相符的标题。主要考查学生对文章大意理解和
概括的能力。
A Chinese man called Cai Lun invented paper almost 2000 years ago. Now paper comes from trees. We use a
lot of paper every day. If we keep on wasting so much paper, there will not be any trees left on the earth. So how
can we save paper?
We can use both sides of every piece of paper, especially when we are making notes. We can choose drinks in
bottles instead of those in paper packets (小包). We can also use handkerchiefs (手帕) and not paper ones. When
we go shopping, we can use fewer paper bags...
Everyone can help to save paper. And we should do it now, before it is too late.
Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Saving Paper
B. The History of Paper
C. Cotton Handkerchiefs Back Again
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司D. Cai Lun Invented Paper
Step1：分析理解题干及选项：结合题干可知本题考查点为文章标题，选项含义 A. 节省纸张 B. 纸的
历史C. 棉质手帕又回来了D. 蔡伦发明了纸；
Step2：总结文章大意：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述人们在日常生活中怎样节约用纸；
Step3：定位答案：结合选项含义可知，BD属于段落细节，C项不符合文意，确定答案为A。
（2023·山东聊城·统考中考真题）
Xie Xiaohua is a special education teacher. She has won the hearts of hundreds of children and is called Mum
Xiaohua by many of them.
“It is my greatest happiness to care for them,” said 49-year-old Xie. She has been working at Yiyuan County
Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.
Xie knows the difference between special education and general education. She takes care of each student
according to their physical conditions. And she also helps them with learning and their daily life. She used to help
carry a student to restrooms, the dining hall, classrooms and the dormitory for nine years until the student
graduated（毕业）from the school.
In 2003, the school set up a rehabilitation（康复）centre and Xie worked harder. To make sure every child
received the best training, she made special plans for them. Then she began to teach them patiently the basic skills
of taking care of themselves. She also spent lots of time training the children with hearing and speech problems.
That often made her throat ache.
2015, the school started offering door-to-door education to students with physical problems. Besides Xie,
there are over 30 teachers teaching and helping those students. The teachers have walked over 60, 000 kilometres
over the past seven years because many students live in mountain villages.
“Although we feel tired sometimes, we feel our work is valuable after seeing the students’ progress, even just
a little bit,” Xie said.
1．Xie Xiaohua began to work at the school at the age of ________.
A．22 B．27 C．29 D．49
2．What does Paragraph 3（第3段）mainly tell us?
A．What Xie knows. B．How long Xie helped carry the student.
C．How Xie takes care of the students. D．What the students’ physical conditions are.
3．Xie probably ________ first to help them receive the best training.
A．made some plans for the children
B．taught the children the basic skills
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司C．set up a rehabilitation centre for the children
D．trained the children with hearing and speech problems
4．Which of the following is true?
A．Xie said the teachers always felt tired.
B．Xie thinks their work is useful and important.
C．Each teacher has walked over 60,000 kilometres.
D．The school offered door-to-door education to all the students.
5．What is the best title（题目）for the passage?
A．Special students B．A famous school
C．Mountain villages D．Mum Xiaohua
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了被称为“晓华妈妈”的特殊教育工作者谢晓华的事迹。
1．推理判断题。根据“‘It is my greatest happiness to care for them,’ said 49-year-old Xie. She has been
working at Yiyuan County Special Education School in Zibo, Shandong Province for 27 years.”可知，谢49岁
了，而她在山东省淄博市沂源县特殊教育学校已经有27年了，说明她在22岁时开始在学校上班。故选
A。
2．段落大意题。根据“She takes care of each student according to their physical conditions. And she also helps
them with learning and their daily life. She used to help carry a student to restrooms, the dining hall, classrooms
and the dormitory for nine years until the student graduated（毕业）from the school.”可知第3段主要讲述了谢
如何照顾这些学生。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“To make sure every child received the best training, she made special plans for them.”
可知，为了确保每个孩子都能接受最好的训练，她为他们制定了特别的计划。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“‘Although we feel tired sometimes, we feel our work is valuable after seeing the
students’ progress, even just a little bit,’ Xie said.”可知，谢说，虽然他们有时会感到疲惫，但看到学生们的
进步后，他们觉得自己的工作很有价值，哪怕只是一点点。由此可知，谢认为他们的工作是有用且重要
的。故选B。
5．最佳标题题。根据“Xie Xiaohua is a special education teacher. She has won the hearts of hundreds of
children and is called Mum Xiaohua by many of them.”可知，本文主要讲述了被称为“晓华妈妈”的特殊教
育工作者谢晓华的事迹。选项D“晓华妈妈”作为标题最为合适。故选D。
（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）
a. Locals Care for Natural WorldGrasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan have taken on a new look and many
wild animals have come back. On January 24, 2003, China set up Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve to
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司protect the area and the wildlife. Local people joined in the project, picking up waste and protecting the animals.
b. China Successfully Grows Rice in SpaceHow to grow food in space if humans live there one day? For
nearly 40 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds (种子) in space. Recently growing rice at
Tiangong Space Station makes a big step forward. It can also solve food problems on Earth.
c. Doctors Sent to West AfricaDoctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after a new flu
broke out. They will test different medicines to find a way to deal with it. To get things better, they will also offer
medical care and help train local nurses there.
d. ________
A strong earthquake hit Turkey on February 6. More than 8,000 international rescuers (救援人员) around the
world went to help, including the Blue Sky Rescue Team from China. They helped save lives and rebuild homes.
e. Scientists Fight against Plastic PollutionA natural material, fungi (真菌), used to break down a type of
plastic called polypropylene turned out to be useful. Scientists at the University of Sydney found that after 90
days, between 25% and 27% of polypropylene broke down and after 140 days, polypropylene became completely
safe.
1．Which passages are about environmental protection?
A．a, b B．a, e C．b, e
2．When did China probably begin to develop seeds in space?
A．In the 1980s. B．In the 1990s. C．In the 2000s.
3．What does the underlined word it in Passage c refer to?
A．An island. B．A new flu. C．Medical care.
4．Which is the best title for ________?
A．Turkey Calling for Help
B．The World Saving Lives in Quake
C．Terrible Situation Faced by Turkey
5．What’s the theme shared by all the passages?
A．Challenges and Chances. B．Responsibility and Success. C．Problems and Efforts.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文介绍了几则新闻内容。
1．细节理解题。根据“Locals Care for Natural World”和“Scientists Fight against Plastic Pollution”可知，a
和e两则新闻与环境保护有关，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“For nearly 40 years, China has developed over 260 new types of seeds (种子) in space.”
可知，近40年来，中国在太空开发了260多种新型种子。由此可知，中国可能是20世纪80年代开始开
发太空种子的。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“Doctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after a new flu broke out.
They will test different medicines to find a way to deal with it.”可知，在一场新的流感爆发后，医生们正飞往
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司西非海岸附近的一个岛屿。他们将测试不同的药物来找到治疗它的方法。此处 it指的是新的流感，故选
B。
4．最佳标题题。分析“A strong earthquake hit Turkey on February 6. More than 8,000 international rescuers
(救援人员) around the world went to help, including the Blue Sky Rescue Team from China. They helped save
lives and rebuild homes.”可知，本则新闻介绍土耳其发生强烈地震，来自世界各地的8000多名国际救援人
员前往救援，其中包括来自中国的蓝天救援队。他们帮助拯救生命，重建家园。选项 B“世界在地震中拯
救生命”最适合作本则新闻的标题，故选B。
5．主旨大意题。分析几则新闻内容可知，均与“问题和为此做出的努力”相关。故选C。
（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）
Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around. There are a number
of volcanoes (火山). It has a short summer which lasts from June to August. The long winter starts from
September and ends next May.
Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the world come here to
see the beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-seeing.
In winter, when people in Iceland finish their daily work, they will have different special activities to spend
the long dark night. Skating, riding snow motorbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night. After
all the fun, a hot bath must be the first choice to relax. There are also story-telling activities for children, which
can teach them to be strong and kind. The most popular stories are about Christmas in Iceland.
Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season. The food problem was always a headache
for Iceland in the past. It had to buy most of its food from other countries, Later, when farmers learned to use
lights and underground heat to grow crops (庄稼) all year round in the greenhouse, things changed a lot.
Living in such a nice environment, most people in Iceland live a happy life. According to a survey about
happiness made each year in Europe, Iceland is always among the top 3.
1．What does the underlined word “It” refer to (指代) in Paragraph 1?
A．The ocean. B．Natural beauty. C．Iceland. D．The volcano.
2．When do visitors usually go to enjoy the whale-seeing?
A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn. D．In winter.
3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．What is the first choice to relax after the fun. B．How people in Iceland finish their daily work.
C．What stories are the most popular in Iceland. D．How people in Iceland spend the long dark night.
4．Why does Iceland have a short growing season?
A．Because there are oceans around. B．Because there is a long hot summer.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司C．Because there is a long cold winter. D．Because there are a number of volcanoes.
5．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．Iceland, a Poor Country B．Food Problems in Iceland
C．Colorful Activities in Iceland D．Iceland, an Amazing Country
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冰岛的相关情况。
1．代词指代题。分析“Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around.
There are a number of volcanoes (火山). It has a short summer which lasts from June to August.”可知，冰岛是
一个北欧国家，拥有令人惊叹的自然美景和海洋。这里有许多火山。它的夏天很短，从六月持续到八
月。此处It指的是“冰岛”，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists. Every year, people from all over the
world come here to see the beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale-seeing.”可知，冰岛的夏天是游客的黄
金季节。每年，来自世界各地的人们来到这里欣赏美丽的景色，享受令人兴奋的观鲸活动。故选B。
3．段落大意题。根据第三段内容，尤其是“In winter, when people in Iceland finish their daily work, they
will have different special activities to spend the long dark night.”可知，本段主要介绍冰岛人如何度过漫长的
黑夜。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“Because of a long cold winter, Iceland has a short growing season.”可知，由于漫长寒
冷的冬天，冰岛的生长期很短。故选C。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了冰岛的相关情况，选项D“冰岛，一个神奇的国家”符合主题，故选D。
（2023·浙江衢州·统考中考真题）
① One morning, I got up early and decided to make an apple pie for my mum. I called my grandma for help,
followed a TV program to make jam and waited excitedly. I enjoyed every step so much that I didn’t notice three
hours pass by. Although the pie looked terrible and was not that delicious, Mum ate it up and told me it was the
best pie that she had ever had. For the first time, I realised that although I didn’t make the pie successfully, I really
enjoyed the process (过程).
② The process is important because it brings us something bigger than the result itself. That is, we always
have new experiences during the process, which may help us improve our skills or form good relationships with
others. If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely to feel
disappointed and want to give up. As a result, we will never understand the real meaning of success.
③ But in this busy world, we see a lot of successful people are in competition. How can we enjoy the
process? Well, the question has the answer in itself.
④ Don’t always compare yourself with others. First of all, we are all different. And success means different
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司things to us. For some, success means being famous, while for others, it may be health or power. Ride your own
ride.
⑤ Slow down. You need to stop expecting immediate results in what you do and learn to be patient.
Impatience leads to unhappiness. Do it slowly, but never stop.
⑥ Reward (奖励) yourself. Divide the process into small steps, and give yourself a reward after completing
each of them. Rewarding yourself for small wins can go a long way. For example, if you are in the process of
losing weight, enjoy your favourite cake once in a while.
1．How does the writer start the article?
A．By giving an example B．By comparing facts.
C．By using old sayings. D．By listing numbers.
2．What do the underlined words “concentrate on” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Make up. B．Get ready for.
C．Point out. D．Pay attention to.
3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?
A． B．
C． D．
4．Which could be the best title for the text?
A．Enjoy the process B．What does success mean to us?
C．Never give up D．How can we achieve good results?
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要享受这
个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者是通过结合自身做苹果派的例子来引出本文主题，故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据“If we just concentrate on the result and do not enjoy the process, we will be more likely
to feel disappointed and want to give up.”可知，如果只关注结果而不享受过程，更有可能感到失望，想要放
弃，所以划线单词表示“关注”，与“Pay attention to”词义接近，故选D。
3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段作者讲述了自己做苹果派的经历；第二段讲述了自己的感悟；第
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司三段引出问题“如何享受过程”，第四段到第六段提出建议，C项符合文章的结构。故选C。
4．最佳标题题。本文主要是作者通过讲述自己做苹果派的经历告诉我们，做任何事情不要看重结果，要
享受这个过程，并就如何享受过程提出了几点建议，文章整体以“享受过程”为线索展开介绍，所以最
适合本文的标题是：享受过程，故选A。
（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China points out the importance of reading and calls
on people to read more books, so shared bookhouses have appeared in many places. Reading has become a trend
in our country.
A reading campaign (行动) took place in Shenyang in April, 2023. Many people took part in it. Li Hong, a
girl from a junior high school, said, “My mother and I took part in the campaign because both of us like reading.
Books are our necessary furniture in our house. I know a lot about Chinese classic (经典的) works. Reading
makes my life colourful and will change my dream into reality (现实).”
Reading is one thing, but knowing how to read and what to read is another.
There are mainly three kinds of reading: recreational reading, study-type reading and survey reading.
Recreational reading can bring you much fun. You can read at a relaxed speed. Study-type reading usually needs
you to read the text very carefully to understand the ideas and details. Survey reading is a way of reading fast to
get the main idea or find the information you need.
What kind of books should you read? Emerson, a great writer and thinker, had three rules: never read a book
that is not a year old; never read any but famous books; never read a book you don’t like.
Good books can lift you to a higher plane (境界). Whatever you read, read with interest, with the whole
mind. Try to be a best reader. If you are getting the most out of a book, you will do things more confidently.
Reading is rewarding (有益的)!
1．What can we infer (推断) about Li Hong from the second paragraph?
A．There is no other furniture in her house but books.
B．Her mother teaches Chinese in a junior high school.
C．She has probably read the book Journey to the West.
D．She has changed her dream because of the campaign.
2．Which of the following probably belongs to survey reading?
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司A．Learning a long poem at a relaxed speed.
B．Reading a novel carefully to write a report.
C．Enjoying interesting comic strips as you like.
D．Searching newspapers quickly for something.
3．What kind of books should we read according to Emerson?
A．Books that are well known. B．Books that cost a lot of money.
C．Books that are about rules. D．Books that come out within a year.
4．What is the purpose of writing this text?
A．To introduce a reading campaign. B．To advise us to build bookhouses.
C．To encourage people to read books. D．To tell us about some classic works.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读书。
1．推理判断题。根据“I know a lot about Chinese classic works.”可知李红对中国古典名著了解很多，由此
推出她可能读过经典名著《西游记》。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“Survey reading is a way of reading fast to get the main idea or find the information you
need.”可知概括性阅读是一种快速阅读的方式，以获得主要思想或找到你需要的信息，由此推出在报纸上
快速搜索属于概括性阅读。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Emerson, a great writer and thinker, had three rules: never read a book that is not a year
old; never read any but famous books; never read a book you don’t like.”可知爱默生认为永远不要读一本未满
一年的书、只读名著、永远不要读你不喜欢的书。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了读书在全国成为一种趋势，并谈论了如何读书和读什么书，鼓励人们读
书。结合“Try to be a best reader. If you are getting the most out of a book, you will do things more confidently.
Reading is rewarding!”可知写这篇文章是为了鼓励人们读书。故选C。
（2023·河南·统考中考真题）
According to Ken Croswell, the Sun and the Moon are different. We often think that the Sun rules the day
and the Moon rules the night. That’s kind of right, but not totally.
The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we don’t.
As the Earth turns, sometimes we face the Sun. That’s when we get day. When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns
us away from the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadow, we get night. When people on the opposite side of the
Earth face the Sun, those people have day while we have night.
The Moon is a different story. Unlike the Sun, it doesn’t make its own light. Moonlight is actually the Sun’s
light reflecting(反射) the Moon back to us.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司The Sun lights up only the side of the Moon that faces the Sun. At Full Moon, the Moon is on the opposite
side of the Earth from the Sun. Then the side of the Moon facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Moon, the
Moon rises around sunset, shines all night, and sets around sunrise. Since he moonlight is so bright, you can
sometimes see it during the day, too. A few days before Full Moon, if you look east in the afternoon, you may see
the Moon in the sky. After Full Moon, you may find it if you look west in the morning.
The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit(轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun.
Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．What can we know about the Sun?
A．The Sun rules the Moon.
B．The Sun shines during both day and night.
C．The Sun lights up all the sides of the Moon.
D．The Sun shines everywhere on the Earth at the same time.
2．Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “shadow” in Paragraph 3?
shadow n.
①the shape of the Earth ②the force from the Sun
③the dark area on the Earth ④the opposite side of the Sun
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
3．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A．How the Moon makes its light.
B．Why there is day and night on the Earth.
C．Why the Moon can be seen during the day.
D．What the difference is between Full Moon and New Moon.
4．Which following picture shows us New Moon?
A． B．
C． D．
5．What is the theme(主题) of the text?
A．Culture. B．Science. C．Education. D．Technology.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B
【导语】本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司1．细节理解题。根据“The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night
when we don’t.”可知太阳白天黑夜都照耀着。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据“When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away from the Sun...we get night”可知当地球自
转使我们远离太阳时，天就变黑了，所以shadow指的是地球上的黑暗区域，故选C。
3．段落大意题。根据“During Full Moon, the Moon rises around sunset, shines all night, and sets around
sunrise. Since he moonlight is so bright, you can sometimes see it during the day, too.”（满月时，月亮在日落时
升起，整夜闪耀，在日出时落下。由于月光如此明亮，你有时在白天也能看到它。）可知第五段主要讲
述了为什么在白天可以看到月亮，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“The Moon is most difficult to see at New Moon, when its orbit(轨道) puts it between
the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side of the Moon facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Moon at all.”可知
在新月时，当月球的轨道位于地球和太阳之间时，是最难看到月亮的。然后，月球面向地球的那一面是
黑暗的，我们根本看不到月球，结合图片，A选项符合，故选A。
5．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要科普了一些关于太阳、月球和地球之间的知识，所以本文主题
为科学，故选B。
（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）
Recently, researchers in Israel have done an experiment and found that goldfish are able to navigate(导航) on
land after receiving around 10 driving lessons.
The experiment was performed by a research team at the Ben-Gurion University. It was made to see whether
goldfish could find their way in a very different environment. Researchers developed a robotic car that could drive
forward, backward and from side to side. They called the car FOV—“Fish Operated Vehicle”(鱼驱动车). A
goldfish was placed inside a water box on the FOV. Using a set of wheels with a camera system, the FOV
recorded the fish’s movements and swimming directions, and then moved in the same direction.
The scientists worked with six different goldfish. They placed the car in a small room with a pink target(目
标) on one side. The fish would get food when the car touched the target. After a few days of training, the fish
navigated to the target. At first, it took them about half an hour to drive to the target. But by the end of the
experiment, they were able to complete the same task in less than a minute. Shachar Givon, one of the researchers,
said, “As anyone who has tried to learn how to ride a bike or to drive a car knows, it is challenging at first.”
Not only did the goldfish show that they could drive to the target, but they also weren’t fooled by false
targets of other colors. They were also able to get free when the car hit a wall. Although the fish may not have
realized they were moving on land, these results show that a fish has the ability to navigate outside its nature
environment of water. It can enrich scientific knowledge of animals’ navigation skills.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司1．What is the purpose of the goldfish experiment?
A．To see if goldfish could tell different colors.
B．To see if goldfish could find food and living places.
C．To see if goldfish could navigate in a different environment.
D．To see if goldfish could ride a bike or drive a car like humans.
2．What can be learned about the FOV?
A．It was placed inside a water box. B．It could follow the fish’s movements.
C．It was driven by a camera system. D．It could control the fish’s directions.
3．The goldfish would get food as long as the car ________.
A．touched the pink target B．moved in the small room freely
C．avoided hitting a wall D．touched the targets of other colors
4．What can we learn from Shachar Givon’s words?
A．It was important for the goldfish to drive a car.
B．It was impossible for the goldfish to navigate.
C．It was meaningless for the goldfish to be trained at first.
D．It was hard for the goldfish to reach the target at the start.
5．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Good Use of a Robotic Car B．An Experiment on Animals
C．Goldfish’s Ability to Navigate on Land D．Goldfish’s Skills to Drive a Car on Land
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍研究人员通过金鱼实验证实动物导航系统的可行性。
1．推理判断题。根据“Recently, researchers in Israel have done an experiment and found that goldfish are able
to navigate on land”可知，金鱼在陆地上也具有导航能力，进而可以推出研究人员开展金鱼实验的目的是
为了检验金鱼在不同的环境中是否仍具备导航能力。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“the FOV recorded the fish’s movements and swimming directions, and then moved in
the same direction”可知，鱼驱动车可以按鱼移动轨迹前进。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“The fish would get food when the car touched the target.”可知，当车触碰到粉色目标
的时候可以得到食物。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“As anyone who has tried to learn how to ride a bike or to drive a car knows, it is
challenging at first.”可知，任何试图学习如何骑自行车或开车的人都知道，一开始是很有挑战性的。由此
可知，Shachar Givon想表达的是金鱼很难在一开始就到达目标。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。通读全文，本文主要讲述科研人员通过金鱼实验证实动物导航系统的可行性，选项C“金
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司鱼在陆地上的导航能力”最符合本文。故选C。
（2023·河南·统考中考真题）
Energy is the ability to do work. Solar energy comes from the Sun. There is also energy that comes from
wind and water.
But do you know that energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you produce energy. You
use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike. That makes the bike move.
Now imagine riding your bike to create enough power to run a computer. Some students at one school did
just that! They jumped on bikes connected to generators (发电机) and pedaled in place. Soon they were producing
electricity. This energy is needed to run their computers.
Here is how bicycle-powered energy works. When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins. The
wheel spins the generator. The generator produces electricity. As long as a student pedals the bicycle, electricity
moves through the generator. The electricity can be used right away. This energy can also be stored and used later.
People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small televisions and fans. They
often use less than 100 watts per hour. However, it would be a mistake to use pedal power to run a fridge. This
large machine often uses more than 700 watts per hour. The electricity for these machines comes from power lines
overhead or underground.
Pedal power can be seen in schools, gyms, and homes. What a fun way to provide electricity!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．How does the writer lead into the topic “bicycle-powered energy” in Paragraph 2?
A．By asking a question. B．By telling a joke.
C．By using an old saying. D．By making a survey.
2．What does the underlined word “spins” mean in the text?
A．Falls down suddenly. B．Breaks up completely.
C．Moves up and down slowly. D．Turns round and round quickly.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．The future of new energy. B．The forms of world’s energy.
C．Using bicycle-powered energy. D．Producing bicycle-powered energy.
4．What do we know about bicycle-powered energy?
A．It can’t be seen in schools. B．It comes from wind and water.
C．It can be stored and used later. D．It’s from power lines overhead.
5．In which unit of a textbook can the text be found?
A．Unit 1 Friends Forever B．Unit 2 Dream of the Stars
C．Unit 3 The Value of Money D．Unit 4 The World of Science
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了“自行车动力能源”相关知识。
1．细节理解题。根据“But do you know that energy can come from people, too? When you pedal a bike, you
produce energy. You use your legs to push the pedals. Your energy is transferred (转移) to the bike.”可知，作者
是通过问问题来引出“自行车动力能源”的，故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据“When a student pedals the bike, the back wheel spins.”可及常识可知，当踩自行车
时，后轮会转动，所以划线单词表示“转动”，D项符合，故选D。
3．段落大意题。根据“People use bicycle-powered energy to run small devices (设备) such as small
televisions and fans. ”可知，本段主要讲的是“自行车动力能源”的使用，故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“This energy can also be stored and used later.”可知，这种能源可以储存起来以后使
用，故选C。
5．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了“自行车动力能源”相关知识，与科学相关，故选D。
（2023·内蒙古包头·统考中考真题）
An electronic book—known as an e-book—is the text and art of a book published in digital form. Some say
the convenience of a digital book beats the benefits of reading a real book, that is, a book printed on paper. Is that
true?
A famous writer once wrote, “You can find magic wherever you look. Sit back and relax. All you need is a
book!” Back then, of course, he meant a book printed on paper, but today that’s not the only way to read one.
People can choose to read a real book, or they can read an e-book on an e-reader device (设备) or a computer.
Many people like reading e-books because they are convenient and easy to carry.
However, a real book can never be replaced. There is nothing better than the feel of a real book, from the
weight of it in your hand to the satisfaction of turning each page. It’s part of the experience of reading—just like
going to a library or bookstore and turning the pages of a book freely. Scrolling (滚屏) through a device isn’t the
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司same. And not every kind of book translates well to digital. Plus, e-books can require expensive devices that need
to be charged (充电), as well as Internet access to download books. That’s not always possible or convenient. A
printed book, however, doesn’t have to be connected to be enjoyed. What’s more, when reading a real book, you
can feel a pleasure of the mind, which will help you get information and remember it more effectively. And it
contributes towards developing the communication skills and unlock our imagination.
In 2022, sales of e-books in the US totaled about $ 1 billion, while real books sales hit $ 9.1 billion. In a
survey, 30% of Americans who read books chose e-books, while most still prefer real books. Besides, research
shows that understanding improves when people read books in print, rather than in digital form.
1．Why do some people like reading e-books?
A．E-books provide more understanding.
B．E-books are convenient and easy to carry.
C．E-books increase printing costs and paper use.
D．E-books benefit people with reading difficulties.
2．What can we know from paragraph 3?
A．People are too busy to read a real book.
B．Children are into reading e-books nowadays.
C．It is enjoyable to read real books in a library.
D．All the real books can be translated well to digital.
3．What’s the purpose of listing numbers in the last paragraph?
A．To stress the importance of reading books.
B．To show the popularity of reading real books.
C．To give examples of American best-selling books.
D．To compare the differences of the two reading habits.
4．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Reading habits are changing
B．Reading books is a good habit
C．Real books benefit us in many ways
D．Nothing compares to reading an e-book
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了与电子书相比，实体书对我们有哪些好处。
1．细节理解题。根据“Many people like reading e-books because they are convenient and easy to carry.”可
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司知，一些人喜欢电子书是因为电子书便利且方便携带。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“There is nothing better than the feel of a real book…It’s part of the experience of
reading—just like going to a library or bookstore and turning the pages of a book freely.”和“when reading a real
book, you can feel a pleasure of the mind”可知，在图书馆里读真正的书是令人愉快的。故选C。
3．推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，实体书的销量远高于电子书，而且大多数人仍然喜欢读实体书，本
段列出的数字是为了说明阅读实体书的受欢迎程度。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合“However, a real book can never be replaced.”可知，本文主要介绍了与电
子书相比，实体书的好处有哪些。故选C。
（2023·福建·统考中考真题）
Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words. It’s the first
time it’s been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智
能). It is the name given to a computer system that is able to “think” for itself and carry out tasks that usually
require human intelligence.
Scientists used a special scanner (扫描器). The machine can see where blood runs, which shows the parts of
the brain that are most active. People taking part in the experiment (实验) listened to the radio for 16 hours as
their brains were scanned. The AI tool learned to connect certain brain activity with words they heard. After that,
each person was asked to think of a story, and the AI tool managed to pick up these thoughts as they happened.
The results had about a 50% accuracy rate (准确率), although the AI found it hard to work out the meaning
of pronouns, such as he or she, her or him. For example, it turned “I don’t have my driver’s license yet” into “She
has not even started to learn to drive yet.” It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking
rather than the exact words. The AI was personalized, so when it had learnt from one person but it was tested on
another, it couldn’t understand their thoughts.
The scientists, who have been working on the technology for 15 years, say they understand the risks of it
being used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang told a newspaper, “We want to make sure people only use these types of
technologies when they want to, and that it helps them.” The scientists hope it will help people with certain
medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again.
1．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to (指代)?
A．A way. B．Anything. C．The brain. D．AI.
2．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?
A．To describe the process of the experiment.
B．To explain the results of the experiment.
C．To offer some opinions about the experiment.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司D．To list the difficulties with the experiment.
3．What does the example in paragraph 3 show?
A．The AI is much cleverer than people.
B．The AI didn’t start the work as it was ordered.
C．The AI couldn’t understand the exact words of what people thought.
D．The AI will be well developed according to people’s special needs.
4．What can we learn from the text?
A．It is not difficult to take AI under control.
B．AI will not be used in a proper way in the future.
C．AI is so wise that it can treat people with medical problems.
D．It’s expected that AI will help those speechless exchange ideas.
5．What can be the best title for the text?
A．High Risks of Using AI. B．Mind-Reading Development.
C．Importance of Human Brain. D．Ways of Improving Technology.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。
1．代词指代题。分析“They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given to a computer
system that is able to ‘think’ for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence.”可知，他们使
用了人工智能，它是一种计算机系统的名称，它能够自己“思考”，并执行通常需要人类智能才能完成
的任务。此处It指的是AI，故选D。
2．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍这种特殊的扫描仪的实验过程，故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“For example, it turned ‘I don’t have my driver’s license yet’ into ‘She has not even
started to learn to drive yet.’ It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking rather than
the exact words.”可知，例如，它把“我还没有驾照”变成了“她甚至还没有开始学开车。”它通常能理
解人们在想什么，而不是确切的话语。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into
written words.”和“The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake
but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again.”可知，可以将将未说出口的想法转化为书面文
字，科学家们希望它能帮助那些患有某些疾病的人，那些仍然清醒但失去了说话能力的人，再次与人交
流。由此可知，预计人工智能将帮助那些哑口无言的人交流思想。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。选项
B“读心术的发展”符合主题，故选B。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）
It’s reported that Shenzhou-16 will bring international paintings by teenagers from 10 African countries to
the China Space Station.
Jing Haipeng, one of the astronauts for the Shenzhou-16 manned spaceflight mission, shared the information
during the Shenzhou-16’s press conference（新闻发布会）at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest
China’s Gansu Province on Monday.
These paintings were beautifully drawn by teenagers from 10 African countries including Algeria,
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Egypt, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Nigeria, Somalia, South Africa
and Zimbabwe.
“Indeed, we have this special and meaningful purpose, which is to show international paintings for the first
time on the China Space Station, and these excellent works are from the winners of ‘Tianhe Award’ for young
friends from the 10 African countries,” Jing explained.
“At present, we have not seen the paintings. I believe they will be bright. Exploring the vast universe（宇
宙）is the common dream of all human, no matter the race, age, or nationality. We look forward to joining hands
with all peace-loving people to create a better tomorrow,” he continued.
“We will take the children’s best youth, best friendship, and best dreams into space, plant the seeds（种子）
of science, friendship, and dreams on the China Space Station, and let them grow and bear fruit,” Jing hoped.
1．What does Jing Haipeng do?
A．A reporter. B．An artist. C．A gardener. D．A spaceman.
2．Where are some of the teenagers mentioned from?
A．Egypt, Mauritius and Mexico. B．Mali, Colombia and Zimbabwe.
C．Madagascar, Algeria and Somalia. D．Nigeria, South America and Madagascar.
3．What did Jing Haipeng think of these paintings?
A．Wonderful. B．Funny. C．General. D．Fashionable.
4．Which of the following is true?
A．The paintings were chosen from Chinese teenagers.
B．The paintings have not been shown before in space.
C．Jing Haipeng has seen the paintings when interviewed.
D．The winners of “Tianhe Award” can get a space ticket.
5．What’s the main theme of the passage?
A．Human and nature. B．Peace and friendship.
C．Science and technology. D．Culture and education.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B
【导语】本文讲述了神舟十六号将把来自10个非洲国家的青少年的国际绘画作品带到中国空间站这一事
件。
1．细节理解题。根据“Jing Haipeng, one of the astronauts for the Shenzhou-16 manned spaceflight mission”可
知，景海鹏是神舟十六号载人航天飞行任务的宇航员之一。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“These paintings were beautifully drawn by teenagers from 10 African countries
including Algeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Egypt, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Nigeria,
Somalia, South Africa and Zimbabwe.”可知，这些画作由来自阿尔及利亚、刚果民主共和国、埃及、马达加
斯加、马里、毛里求斯、尼日利亚、索马里、南非和津巴布韦等10个非洲国家的青少年绘制而成。故选
C。
3．推理判断题。根据“these excellent works are from the winners of ‘Tianhe Award’ for young friends from
the 10 African countries”可知，景认为这些是优秀的作品，说明他认为这些画作都很精彩。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“It’s reported that Shenzhou-16 will bring international paintings by teenagers from 10
African countries to the China Space Station.”和“At present, we have not seen the paintings.”可知，这些画作
将由神州16号的宇航员带到中国空间站，而目前，我们都没有见过这些画。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据“We look forward to joining hands with all peace-loving people to create a better
tomorrow”可知，景希望，我们期待着与所有爱好和平的人们携手创造更美好的明天。由此可知，本文的
主题是和平与友谊。故选B。
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