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考向 19 阅读理解命题来源句式
高考英语阅读理解命题点来源高频句型
类型一 转折/对比强化句式
1. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food.
Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which does good to both of them.
You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep.
2. The idea of fighting a noise by making more noise sounds strange, but that's exactly what motor engineers are
doing in Germany and some other countries.
3. Doctors have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but the "apples" have more internal fat than external
fat.
4. One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the
reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.
5. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of
peasants.（注意强对比的双方；及双方的不同点）
6. While most people use little white lies to make life easier, the majority of Americans care about honesty in both
public and personal life. （前半句与后半句的推测是相反的关系）
7. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see
it that way.
8. After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect, wanted a city with wider streets and fine new house of stone. In
fact, the streets are still narrow, but he did build more than fifty churches, among them the new St. Paul's. （in fact,
actually 事实上，表示转折）
9. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting simply makes
an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. (unfortunately 不幸地；
fortunately 幸运地)
10. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern
English even shows a distinction (区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words.
We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at
home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class
Normans were doing most of the eating. （even 表示递进）类型二 分类说明（举例/ 讲好处/讲问题/讲应用/讲特点）
There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who
have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the "pears" have less internal fat, but
the "apples" have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems.
类型三 原因/结果突出
[常用词汇：because / as / since / for /as a result / cause / make / contributed to / rest on / rest in / marked by /
one result / therefore / aimed at]
1.As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled
everything.（as 引导时间状语从句或者原因状语从句）
2. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of
peasants. As a result, English words of Politics and the law come from French rather than German. ...
3. The hot sun had caused the dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast make the surface shake and sigh as
though it were breathing. （cause, make 等表示使动含义的动词）
4. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer demand for environment friendly products have
contributed to the pollution problem.
5. Women's friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men's relationships are marked by
shared activities.（rest on 基于……）
6. One result is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are
difficult to get rid of.（one result 其中的一种结果）
7. The major market force rests in the growing Population of white-collar employees. （rest in 在于…）
8. …the result is no sound. Therefore, by producing a perfect copy of the noise and delaying it by half a wave
cycle, we can kill the unwanted noise. （therefore 表示因果关系，前因后果）
9. The Youth Summit was aimed at increasing understanding and friendship between young students of the two
countries through visits and discussions. （aim at 目标）
10. So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember
how short our own lives are compared with the whole human history,…Second, by trying to escape from present
interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves..
11. Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and lack of consumer
demand for environment(环境)friendly products have contributed to the pollution problem.
类型四 强调句/倒装句加强表达力度
1. It was on October 1st,1949when he joined the Party that he was killed.2. Where was it that you found your lost pen?
3. Down fell the mirror, breaking to piece.
4. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts.
5. Outsides were two men.
类型五 使用rather (than) / instead / more than / less than
1.With no windows, nowhere to hang clothes and temperatures below 0’c, it may seem more like a survival test than a
relaxing hotel break.
2.At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.
3.In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United Stated, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was
becoming a problem.
4.Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as consumer rather than a producer.
5.From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather
than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild.
6.There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great
variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes.
7.Because of the wavelength of the x-rays used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution
possible with electron microscopes. Rather, their special properties will make possible investigations that will
complement those performed with light-and electron-based instruments.
8.So there is real cause for concern if consumers distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic
foods instead.
【检测训练】
1
With the aim of educating both locals and visitors about Arctic animals and the value of preserving Norway's
natural heritage. Bardu's Polar Park offers encounters(通近) with hand raised wolves.
I stood nervously outside the enclosure(圈地) at Polar Park. Somewhere behind the wire were five Norwegian grey
wolves. "These are just big dogs," I kept saying to myself. “And they probably have had breakfast already.”
Stig Sletten, Polar Park's animal manager, said,' "Once you’re in with the wolves, lie down and don't stare them in
the eye. Let them approach you. Don't stick your hands out. And absolutely don't stick your tongue out." That we were
about to enter a cage full of “socialized” wolves was all down to Stig and his devoted team. It was Stig who founded
Polar Park back in 1994. And it was Stig and his team who hand-raised the park's wolves from birth.
“These wolves have all been brought up to be comfortable among humans,” he explained. “Allowing them to meet
visitors is actually a good way to reduce boredom and stress” Confident that we understood the strict rules of interacting,Stig opened the enclosure and we all followed him. Within seconds the pack was running rewards us, eyes forward, long
noses down. For an exposed human, the first approach of five grey wolves, socialized or not, was a slightly unrest and
heart-quickening experience.
But any sense of trepidation was quickly replaced by delight. The five wolves turned out to be fun and curious, and
eager to check us out as we were them.
“Most people consider wolves unapproachable. There are a lot of negative or unpleasant impressions about wolves,
both in Norway and across the world." said Stig. "One of our main aims here is to educate both locals and visitors about
Arctic animals. Once they've got touch with the wolves of Polar Park, many of our visitors leave with a different view. ”
1. Why did the author keep saying to himself outside the enclosure?
A. To memorize strict rules. B. To restrict his excitement.
C. To study wolves in advance D. To relieve his nervousness.
2. What is Stig Sletter's advice on the encounter with the wolves?
A. Approaching them actively. B. Standing up with hands out.
C. Avoiding sticking your tongue out. D. Looking at them with a kind smile.
3. What does the underlined word "trepidation" in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. fun B. fear C. curiosity D. confusion
4. What may the different view be in the last paragraph?
A. Humans and wolves can bond well. B. Preserving animals turns out easy.
C. Wolves are able to protect humans. D. The value of education is ignored.
2
For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional dust
and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in the
driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?
The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals used to
remove the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home, says Katy Gresh,
spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. She advises car
owners to put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash. “It’s just like brushing your teeth, ”she says. “You don’t
want to leave the water running or use more than you need for the job.” But even following this advice comes with an
environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.
John Schombert is executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather. His organization works to educate the public about
storm sewers(下水道)and water runoff, keeping this untreated water from entering the Allegheny region’s waterways.“We ask people to consider washing their cars on lawns or other permeable(透水的)surfaces where the water gets
absorbed, ” Schombert says. “Soil can break down and help filter(过滤)those things,” Schombert says. “Storm sewers
are not made for waste disposal.” Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars, which Schombert says are
probably ineffective at breaking down grease anyway.
The commercial car wash down the street knows full well the rules regarding waste water in storm sewers.
According to the International Carwash Association(ICA), professional car washes must use water reclamation systems.
These mandated processes not only keep the dirty water out of storm sewers and regular water treatment systems, but
they also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.
5. What does the underlined word probably mean in the first paragraph?
A. top B. bottom
C. inside D. outside
6. What worries people when they have their cars washed?
A. The dirt cannot be removed easily.
B. Large quantities of water are wasted.
C. The washing ways do no good to their cars.
D. D The used chemicals are harmless to the environment.
7. What’s the disadvantage of washing cars at home?
A. It is not easy to deal with.
B. It cannot clean the dirt completely.
C. It consumes a larger amount of water.
D. It does much damage to the environment.
8. What can be the best title of the text?
A. Do You Put Car washing at Risk?
B. Which Is Better: Car Wash or DIY?
C. Why Dishwashers Are Better than Hand Washing?
D. Do Americans Use Less Water than They Did Years Ago?
3
Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. The concept of integrity has
played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to
social relations. Individual integrity is vital to society, one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical
reflection, does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other.
Besides, societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society. It can shape the lives of people living in a particular
society, the lives of all fellow people and, in its broadest sense, even the destiny of a nation. By contrast, if those living in
the society are dishonest, it could have bad effects, jeopardizing the healthy morality of the society.
Additionally, a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity. Society expects and requires
integrity. A society consisting of people of integrity, and people who never compromise on their principles, could have a
positive mark on the personal development of its members. Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve
as a basis for absorbing traits of good character. This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society.
However, some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue integrity. If that is the case, we
have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity. Questions
about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is, rather than about the relationship between individual
interests and characteristics of a society. The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends, not so much on
understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to, but rather understanding what one’s society is and
imagining what it could be.
Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society. People, who are
honest, trustworthy, compassionate and caring, are the factors decisive in the growth of individuals as well as the
development of a society.
9. Individual integrity has been valued in society because ________.
A. it helps develop philosophy B. it is important to social relations
C. it is the basis of critical thinking D. it ensures people’s particular roles
10. The underlined word “jeopardizing” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. assessing B. strengthening C. destroying D. influencing
11. The writer believes that ________.
A. individual integrity depends on what one believes
B. the nature of society is decided by economic development
C. the pursuit of individual integrity changes with time
D. social structures guide the formation of individual integrity
12. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?
CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point C: ConclusionA. B. C. D.
4
We are not who we think we are.
The American self-image is spread with the golden glow of opportunity. We think of the United States as a land of
unlimited possibility, not so much a classless society but as a place where class is mutable—a place where brains, energy
and ambition are what count, not the circumstances of one’s birth.
The Economic Mobility Project, an ambitious research led by Pew Charitable Trusts, looked at the economic
fortunes of a large group of families over time, comparing the income of parents in the late 1960s with the income of
their children in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Here is the finding: The “rags to riches” story is much more common in
Hollywood than on Main Street. Only 6 percent of children born to parents with family income at the very bottom move
to the top.
That is right, just 6 percent of children born to parents who ranked in the bottom of the study sample, in terms of
income, were able to bootstrap their way into the top. Meanwhile, an incredible 42 percent of children born into that
lowest are still stuck at the bottom, having been unable to climb a single rung of the income ladder.
It is noted that even in Britain—a nation we think of as burdened with a hidebound (守旧的) class system—children
who are born poor have a better chance of moving up. When the studies were released, most reporters focused on the
finding that African-Americans born to middle-class or upper middle-class families are earning slightly less, in inflation-adjusted dollars, than did their parents.
One of the studies indicates, in fact, that most of the financial gains white families have made in the past three
decades can be attributed to the entry of white women into the labor force. This is much less true for African-Americans.
The picture that emerges from all the correlations and percentages is of a nation in which, over all, “the current
generation of adults is better off than the previous one”, as one of the studies notes.
The median income of the families in the sample group was $55,600 in the late 1960s; their children’s median
family income was measured at $71,900. However, this rising ride has not lifted all boats equally. The rich have seen far
greater income gains than the poor.
Even more troubling is that our nation of America as the land of opportunity gets little supper: from the data.
Americans move fairly easily up and down the middle rungs of the ladder, but there is “stickiness at the end”—four out
of ten children who are born poor will remain poor, and four out of ten who are born rich will stay rich.
13. What did the Economic Mobility Project find in its research?
A. Children from low-income families are unable to bootstrap their way to the top.
B. Hollywood actors and actresses are upwardly mobile from rags to riches.
C. The rags to riches story is more fiction than reality.
D. The rags to riches story is only true for a small minority of whites.
14. It can be inferred from the writer that America, as a classless society, should ________.
A. perfect its self-image as a land of opportunity
B. have a higher level of upward mobility than Britain
C. enable African-Americans to have exclusive access to well-paid employment
D. encourage the current generation to work as hard as the previous generation
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The US is a land where brains, energy and ambition are what count.
B. Inequality persists between whites and blacks in financial gains.
C. Middle-class families earn slightly less with inflation considered.
D. Children in lowest-income families manage to climb a single rung of the ladder.
16. What might be the best title for this passage?
A. Social Upward Mobility in America B. Incredible Income Gains in America
C. America: Land of Unequal Wealth D. America: Not Land of Opportunity for all
5
It was New Year time, but I wasn’t looking forward to it. That winter, my mother and my stepfather moved our
family to Southern California. My brother and I were leaving our rural Alabama behind. This would be our first NewYear away from Alabama. My mother took to California like a swan to a royal lake. My athletic little brother, Paul, was
keyed up at a climate that allowed him to go to the beach whenever he wanted.
I, however, was a fat child with heavy southern pronunciation. My first day in the new class, I introduced myself in
a low voice. The moment I opened my mouth to speak, the whole class burst into laughter, “He talks funny.” It was so
frustrating that I went to place a call to Granny Smith after school, who was my biggest support, But I didn’t get through.
On Sunday evening, the phone rang. It was Granny. She often took advantage of the discounted long-distance rates
on Sundays. She said she’d shipped a New Year package. Sure enough, it arrived. Surprised at the box, large enough to
hold a small refrigerator, we eagerly tore it open. The smell of Granny’s house filled the room: a combination of fried
meat, sausages, furniture polish and decorations. Her house was tiny and always filled with tacky holiday decorations
and homemade food before New Year. But in my childhood eyes, it was precious and fantastic.
There were countless tins and containers. We open hem to discover piles of holiday treats. She even included our
traditional candy bats. The box was as bottomless as a magical box. There, beneath all these, was familiar holiday.
Every New Year that we spent in California, the postal service would call and say our package was arrived. Over the
years, many treasures arrived in the box. For me, it’s always been the best part of the holiday.
17. How did the author’s brother feel when they were moving to California?
A. Indifferent. B. Joyful. C. Appreciative. D. Disappointed.
18. Why did the author’s classmates laugh at him?
A. He spoke in a low voice. B. He made a humorous talk.
C. He looked overweight. D. He had a strong accent.
19. What does the underlined word “tacky” probably mean?
A. Suitable. B. Expensive. C. Cheap. D. Attractive.
20. Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
A. Granny’s Care Package B. An Unforgettable Holiday
C. Our Move to California D. A Telephone Call from Granny
6
Suppose you placed a baby in a room with a snake and a spider. Would he play with these creatures? Researchers in
the study of fear are actively looking into it.
A fear of snake is one of the most common and strongest fears in the world, according to fear researcher, Judy
Deloache, of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, the US, who was not involved in the new study.
Many people believe that we are innately (天生) scared of them, because some snakes are deadly. Seemingly in line
with that, 11-month-old babies were shown images of a snake paired with either a fearful or a happy voice. The babies
looked at the snakes for longer when a fearful voice was presented than when a happy voice was head. However, thestudy was not hard proof.
Now, a new study is re-assessing how babies react to snakes. The team measured babies physiological responses (生
理反应) as they watched videos of snakes and elephants, paired with both fearful and happy voices. They then set out to
startle the babies to see how they would react. They presented them with a “startle research”, which in this case was an
unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video.
“What we found is that their startle responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake than watching a
video of an elephant, even when paired with a fearful voice,” says co-author, Vansessa Lobue, at Rutgers University in
New Jersey, the US. Instead, the babies’ startle response was actually lower. Their heart response was also lower, which
also indicates that babies were not scared. In other words, though the babies paid more attention to the snakes, this did
not cause fear.
Children do not have an innate fear of snakes, agrees Deloache. “It’s not proper to have any hard-wired (硬连线的)
fear,” she says, because it would limit a baby’s desire to explore new things.
21. The study mentioned in the third paragraph was designed to test whether________.
A. snakes are deadly to people
B. people have an innate fear of snakes
C. babies are more interested in living things
D. a fear of snakes is the most common fear in the world
22. What can we learn about the first study from the text?
A. Babies would cry when they heard a fearful voice
B. Judy was one of the researchers in the study.
C. The study cannot be regarded as hard proof.
D. Babies prefer happy voices to fearful ones.
23. The underlined word “startle” in the fourth paragraph means “________”.
A. scare B. call C. ask D. hit
24. What were the babies’ responses in the second study?
A. They were very afraid of the snakes.
B. Their startle responses became bigger.
C. They were more interested in the light than in the snakes.
D. Their heart response became lower when watching a video of a snake.
7
Good Morning Britain weather girl Laura Tobin left her co-hosts and viewers speechless after she accidentally tore
a rare Superhero poster worth about £150,000 live on air.To mark the start of comic book and sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con, Laura was tasked with showing rare
magazines and expensive collection. She informed the audience: “We’ve got a very special display here called The
Replicator Man. This was a character back in the 1970s. This is a special poster that is worth about £150,000 and there
are only ten of them in the world.” Laura was seen telling viewers at home about the history of the comic book poster (连
环画海报). Handling the image, Laura continued: “No one’s really seen this before.”
She attempted to pick up the picture in order to “get a closer look”. “I’ve got my gloves on but I’m feeling really
nervous because it is said the oils can really spoil them.” As she tried to remove the picture from the display board, it tore
in half and Laura screamed: “Oh my goodness! Is this the original one that’s worth £150.000?”
The set fell silent and the presenters weren’t quite sure how to react after the awkward moment. Fellow Good
Morning Britain hosts Charlotte Hawkins and Ranvir Singh, on her right, didn’t know how to react to the “mishap”.
“My heart is going ten to the dozen. Was it the gloves?” Laura cried. Completely unaware of the joke, co-host
Richard Arnold threw his hand to his face and said: “We are making this up, right?” He added: “I’m a bag of nerves now,
Laura.”
Meanwhile, newsreader Ranvir Singh said: “We’ve probably got some insurance that covers this.” While panicked,
Charlotte Hawkins looked around the studio and said: “Can we just glue that back down again? Can we go to an
advertisement?”
Clearly pleased that she had managed to fool her colleagues, Laura finally revealed: “Guys—it was a joke! It’s not
really worth £150,000. It’s worth nothing!” She then took much delight in tearing the rest of the picture into tiny pieces.
25. Which is the right order of the happening according to the passage?
a. Laura’s colleagues were at a loss b. the poster was completely ruined
c. Laura was blaming the gloves d. Laura tore the poster
A. a-b-d-c B. a-d-b-c C. d-a-c-b D. d-c-a-b
26. It can be inferred that Laura________.
A. organized the start of a sci-fi festival London Super Comic Con
B. felt really nervous so she decided to wear a pair of white gloves
C. had bought some rare memorabilia about the Replicator Man
D. successfully conducted a trick on her colleagues in a program
27. The underlined word “mishap” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by________.
A. accident B. piece C. girl D. program
28. The underlined sentence in Para 5 passes us the message that________.
A. Richard Arnold didn’t want people to recognize him
B. Richard Arnold tried to hide his anxietyC. Richard Arnold wanted to give himself a good beat
D. Richard Arnold couldn’t help laughing
8
Students in Washington, D. C. , will return to classrooms this month to begin a new school year. But at least five
percent of their teachers will not return with them. Last month, the District of Columbia public schools told two hundred
six teachers that they are not good enough to stay.
The school system dismissed seventy-five teachers last year. It was the first year of a new teacher rating system.
Experts say such large numbers of dismissals are rare in American schools. But in Washington the rating system is not
governed by the labor contract (劳务合同) with teachers union. So school officials have more freedom. The system is
called IMPACT. Teachers are observed in the classrooms five times a year for at least thirty minutes each time. They are
also judged by student test scores.
Emily Cohen, a policy director, says the National Council supports the IMPACT system She says, “This is an
evaluation method that is finally able to find who is highly effective and who is ineffective.” Michelle Rhee created the
IMPACT system. She gained national attention for her aggressive reform efforts when she led the troubled school system
in the nation’s capital.
Some Washington teachers say their rating depend too heavily on test scores. For some teachers, half of their rating
is based on how well their students do. But Emily Cohen says test scores are important. “Testing is probably one of the-
it’s the most objective data that we have on teacher performance. So it’s not just looking at student test performance, it is
using other sources of data.”
Almost sixty percent of the teachers who were rated “minimally effective” last year stayed in the school system and
improved. School officials say these teachers received help to become better.
29. We can infer from paragraph l and 2 that________.
A. there are more than 3000 teachers in Washington, D. C
B. this is the first year that teachers are fired
C. such a large number of dismissals is very common in American schools
D. schools officials in Washington, D. C have more rights to dismiss teachers
30. The teachers’ ratings depend on________.
A. the test scores the students get
B. their relationship with school officials
C. test scores and other sources of data
D. how well their students perform in the class31. The author’s attitude towards the IMPACT system is________.
A. objective B. positive C. negative D. questioning
32. The best title for the text might be________.
A. New School Year B. The IMPACT System
C. Teachers Are Dismissed D. Students’ Test Scores
