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考向 17 长难句与复杂句子分析
一、长难句的常见形式
1．复合句
这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即
主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修饰
成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从
句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the
last times when we have to “fall back”．
分析：此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。
2．分隔结构
高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分
(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。
“The results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned
from the areas where the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.
提醒：分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外
的信息。
3．成分省略或倒装
在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密
连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate,
according to a new study.
分析：此句正常语序为： By the end of the century, if it is not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and
greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
二、长难句突破策略
通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并
列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。
方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分
较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is
heavily influenced by fathers.
分析：主语是A key skill，谓语是is，表语是persistence, a characteristic是同位语，解释说明persistence。
that引导同位语从句，解释名词characteristic。
方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is
brilliant.
分析：句中的but是并列连词，连接两个并列单句。
方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词(2020·浙江 1 月高考阅读 C)A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were
significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
分析：该句主语是A key finding, that引导表语从句，从句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名
词persistence。
方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句
(2019·北京高考阅读)“It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of
climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the color of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals
that we really have changed our planet.”
分析：but引导两个并列的主从复合句， but前的主从复合句中是before引导的时间状语从句，该从句中
show后是that引导的宾语从句； but后的主从复合句中，主语是the change，谓语是will be, that引导的同位语
从句，解释说明名词signals的内容。
【检测训练】
一、单项选择
1. The old man was puzzled by the fact that ________ medicine he took, ________ he seemed to be.
A. the less, the better B. the most, the worst
C. little, well D. the more, and the worst
2. To enjoy the scenery, I would rather ________ more hours on the train than travel by air.
A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent
3. ________ is no doubt that the Rio Olympics were a great success.
A. There B. It C. When D. If
4. As they were educated by the same teacher, ________was no wonder that they should do the work in a similar way.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
5. Work harder, Jim. __________you practice, __________ you can understand.
A. The most; the best B. The more; the better
C. The less; the better D. The least; the worst
6. --- How was your weekend, Bella?
--- Awful! It was the first time I ________ alone at home, bored to death.
A. has left B. had left C. has been left D. had been left
7. It was the first time that she ______ such a heavy rain.
A. had witnessed B. has witnessed C. should witness D. witnessed
8. This is why many young people suffer an identity trouble ___ it comes to beauty.
A. when B. how C. that D. where
9. —The weather forecast says it’s going to rain tomorrow.
—Well, I prefer___________ rather than___________ on a rainy day.A. going out; staying at home
B. to stay at home; go out
C. going out; stay at home
D. staying at home; to go out
10. You look rather tired. ____________ stop to have a rest?
A. How about B. What about C. Why not D. Why don’t
11. We were heatedly arguing about the financial matter _______the telephone rang unexpectedly.
A. while B. as C. as soon as D. when
12. --I will never forget the day ______ I came to the new campus for the first time.
--- ______. On setting foot on the campus, I was impressed ______ the beauty of it.
A. which; So will I; by B. that; Neither I will; with
C. when; Neither will I; by D. when; Neither will I; on
13. Electricity plays __________ part in our life that it is unimaginable to live without it.
A. such important B. so important C. such important a D. so important a
14. That was not the first time he ______ us. I think it’s high time we ______ strong actions against him.
A. had betrayed; take B. had betrayed; took
C. has betrayed; took D. has betrayed; take
15. ___________is required that under no circumstances _______he betray his motherland even if there are temptations
like money or beauty.
A. What; can B. It; could C. It; should D. What; could
二、完成句子
16. 努力减少生产产量并降低我们制作和购买的东西的数量是我们的义务。(cut back on)
________ production and reduce the number of things________.
17. 我们的地球已经遭到严重污染了，因此是时候采取措施来改变这种糟糕的状况了。
Since our earth has been polluted terribly, __________ __________ __________ that we took action to change the bad
condition.
18. ——你对考试成绩满意吗？
——非常满意。这是我最好的成绩了。
—Are you content with the result of the exam?
—Not a little. I ________ one.（“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义）
19. 如果方便的话，请帮我在面包房买点面包。
_________________, please help to buy some bread for me in the bakery.20. 鲍勃经常在健身房运动。难怪他身材那么好。
Bob often works out in the gym. ____________________.
21. 如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪你有可能使你的朋友感到尴尬。（likely)
_________ you make your friends feel embarrassed if you don't know China's table manners.
22. It ________ ________ me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.
我突然想起我把伞忘在楼上了。
23. 我正要给他打电话，这时他突然来访。
I ________ ________ ________ ring him up ________ he dropped in.
24. 如果你能就如何学好英语给我提供一些建议我将不胜感激。
I _________ _________ _________ _________ you could give me some advice on how to learn English well.
25. When in Rome，do as the Romans do. So you’d better try to _________________________.
入乡随俗，因此你得适应那样去做。
26. _________________________________________ to protect the environment.
该是我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。
27. 我正要准备放弃搜索时突然注意到灌木丛中有什么东西。
I was ________ ________ ________ ________ giving up the search when something caught my eye in the bushes。
28. _________________Lincoln is one of the greatest presidents in America.
林肯被公认为美国最伟大的总统之一。
29. _____________she learns. _____________________ she wants to learn.
她越学越想学。
30. 她立刻想到这些是暴风雨到来的信号。
________________her that there were signs of an approaching storm.
31. 他宁愿在家里看电视，也不愿去音乐会。
He preferred to stay at home watching TV _________________________.
32. 他是否想和我一起去看电影都没关系。
It doesn’t matter _________________________________________.
33. 我正要离开学校图书馆，突然发现我的笔记本不见了。
I ________________________________ I found my notebook missing.
34. ________ the disabled people. (it作形式主语)
开残疾人的玩笑是不礼貌的。
35. 事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视 为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵
感。In fact, we are _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ we may even take them for granted without
realising how much inspiration they have given us.
36. 虽然这次考试成绩并没有你预期的那样好，但是你不能对自己失去信心。
Although the result of this exam is ________________ you expected, you can't lose faith in yourself.
37. The object of these experiments was to find the connection, __________________, between the two phenomena.
这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
38. My parents were very anxious about me, because__________________ that I had lived abroad alone.
我的父母很担心我,因为那是我第一次独自住在国外。
39. The Americans and the British not only speak the same language ____________________.
英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。(not only…but also…)
40. Body language is said to _______ up 55% of a first impression while what you say just 7%.
据说身体语言占第一印象的55%而你却说只有7%。.
41. 无疑，他的计划听起来不错。
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ his plan sounds very good.
42. 我曾经有段时间非常讨厌英语。
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ I was tired of English.
43. In order to ________ ________ ________ the woman teacher raised her voice.
为了让自己被听到，那位女老师提高了嗓门。（make+宾语+宾补）
44. If ________ ________ ________ ________ you, let's meet at 8:30 at the school gate.
如果你方便的话，我们8点半在校门口见。
45. The boy always does a good job in exams, not because he is highly intelligent, ________.
这个男孩考试成绩总是很好,不是因为他很聪明,而是因为他学习非常努力。(not…but…)
46. 班车坏了，难怪他们迟到了。
The bus broke down. _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ they were late.
47. 令人惊讶的是如此多十九世纪末到二十一世纪的伟大的艺术作品都收藏在这同一个博物馆里。
________ ________ ________ ________ so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century could
be contained in the same museum.
48. 他们花了大约1个月的时间才搞清楚如何启动设备。
It took them about one month ________ ________ ________ how to start the equipment.
49. 我和他已经在一起工作了几年了,那就是我对他比较熟悉的原因。
He and I have worked together for a couple of years. ________ ________ ________ I know him pretty well.
50. 已经证明有规律地运动对人们的健康有益。________ ________ ________ ________ that taking exercise regularly does good to people's health.
