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Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park.
单元知识清单 Section A
必背词汇
1. ___________[ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)] n. 志愿者 12. ___________[ˈfiːlɪŋ] n.感觉
2. ___________[saɪn] n.标志,信号 →___________v.感到
3. ___________[ˈsevrəl] pron.几个,一些 13. ___________[saɪn] n.标志,信号
4. ___________[ˈdʒɜːni] n.旅行 →___________n.信号
5. ___________[reɪz] v.募集 14. ___________[ˈnəʊtɪs] n.通知,通告,注意
6. ___________[ˈmɪdnaɪt] n.午夜 →___________v.注意到,意识到
7. ___________[ˈləʊnli] adj.孤独的 15. ___________[juːz , juːs] n/v. 使用,用途
→___________adv.独自 →___________adj.有用的
8. ___________[ˌsætɪsˈfækʃn] n.满意,满足 →___________adj.无用的,没有用途的
→___________v.使.... 满意 16. ___________[tʃɪə(r)] v.欢呼,喝彩
→___________adj满意的 →___________adj.高兴的,兴高采烈的
9. ___________[strɒŋ] adj.强壮的,强烈的 17. ___________[keə(r)] n.关心,关爱
→___________n.强度 →___________v.关心,关爱
10. joy [dʒɔɪ] n.愉悦 →___________adj.小心的,细心的
→___________adj.愉悦的 →___________adv.小心地,细心地
→___________v.享受 →___________adj.粗心的,不小心的
11. ___________[ˈəʊnə(r)] n.主人 →___________adv.粗心地,不仔细地
→___________v.拥有
重要语块
1.__________________打扫(或清除)干净 10.__________________想出;提出
2. __________________养老院 11. __________________制订计划
3. __________________帮助解决困难 12.__________________在他们的眼中
4. __________________曾经,过去做…… 13. __________________放弃做…
5. __________________关心;照顾 14.__________________每周几小时
6. __________________迟到 15.__________________书迷;书籍爱好者
7. __________________实现 16. __________________试用; 参加选拔
8. __________________ (使)变得更高兴; 振奋起来 17. __________________
9. __________________分发;散发 在…四岁时
18. __________________志愿(有义务)做某事 23. __________________把…递交给…
鸿鹄志19.__________________ future dream job 未来梦想的职 24.
业 ____________________________________
20.__________________ 搭建;举起;张贴 在他们主人脸上愉快的表情
22. ____________________________________ 25.__________________为…工作;为…. 效
一种极强的满足感 力
常考句型
1.______________________________________________________
这个女孩在医院看望了患病的孩子们
2.______________________________________________________
这个女孩能自愿加入课后计划组织去教孩子们。
3.______________________________________________________
我们需要制定一个计划去告诉人们有关市公园清洁日。
4.______________________________________________________
清洁日距现在只有两周,我们不能推迟计划。
5. ______________________________________________________
我们可以张贴标语。
6.______________________________________________________
让咱们制作一些通知。然后放学后分发它们。
7.______________________________________________________
我们每人可以给10个同学打电话并叫他们来。
8.______________________________________________________
这个夏天我正制定计划去敬老院工作。
9.______________________________________________________他们叫你帮助什么?
10.______________________________________________________我想了解更多照料动物的知识。
11.______________________________________________________
这儿的自愿服务工作多我来说已是梦想成真。
12.______________________________________________________当她四岁时就独自会看书了。
13.______________________________________________________她决定参加课后阅读计划自愿者竞
赛。
核心语法
动词不定式
(北京)股份有限公司
鸿鹄志【精讲01 词汇】
►►►1. cheer v. 欢呼;喝彩
(1)cheer作不及物动词,意为"欢呼;喝彩"。
The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 当这位著名的歌手到达时,女孩子们为之欢呼。
(2)cheer作及物动词,意为"为……欢呼,高呼"。
The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。
(3)cheer还可作可数名词,意为"欢呼声;喝彩声"。常用口语:Cheers! 干杯!
We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。
【拓展】
cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来;既可作及物动词短语,也可作不及物动词短语。
同其他动副短语一样,代词作宾语时应放中间。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 振作起来!这消息不是太坏。
He took her to the cinema to cheer her up. 为了让她高兴起来,他带她去了电影院。
(23-24八年级下·黑龙江佳木斯·期中)
You could visit ___________ children in the hospital and ___________ them ___________.
A.ill; set; up B.sick; cheer; up C.sick; clean; up
►►►2. volunteer 需要
(1)volunteer作动词,意为“义务做,自愿做”,及物动词/不及物动词,
常用结构:volunteer to do sth /volunteer for sth.自愿做某事。
She volunteered to teach in the school.她自愿在学校教书。
He volunteered for the army.他自愿参军。
(2)volunteer作名词,意为“志愿者”。
He works as a volunteer in the park.他在公园里当志愿者干活。
(22-23八年级下·云南昆明·期末)
—As a book lover, you could volunteer ________ kids learn to read.
—Sounds great.
A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped
►►►3. lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的
鸿鹄志形容词。意为“孤独的;寂寞的”指
情感上的孤独,带有伤感的色彩。
lonely The old man lives in a lonely town.
还可意为“荒凉的;偏僻的”
通常用于名词前作定语。
形容词。意为“单独的;独自的”
The old has no children and he is alone.
alone 常用作表语。
副词。意为“独自;单独”,
She lives alone, but doesn't feel lonely.
相当于by oneself.
【注意】以-ly结尾的单词未必都是副词,除lonely(形容词)之外,常见的还有:
friendly友好的,motherly母亲般的,monthly每月的等皆为形容词,而不是副词。
(22-23八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期末)
My grandfather lives _________, but he doesn’t feel _________, for we often go back to see him.
A.alone; lonely B.lonely; alone C.lonely; lonely
►►►4.own
(1)作形容词,意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25. 他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
(2)作动词,意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
(3)其名词为owner, 意为“所有权人;主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.钱包必须归还给它的主人。
1.(2025八年级下·全国)The child came to school by bike ________ his own.
A.in B.by C.on D.of
2.(24-25八年级上·全国)The young man _________ a new car. That is _________ new car.
A.owner; his own B.owns; his own C.owns; his owns
【精讲02 短语】
►►►1. give out分发;散发
鸿鹄志give out作"分发"讲时与hand out同义。
其后接代词作宾语时,放在两词中间。
Here are some new papers. Give them out. 这儿有些新试卷,把它们发下去吧。
【拓展】
(1)give out还可意为"用完;耗尽",为不及物动词短语,主语是被用光、耗尽之物。
Our food will give out. 我们的食物要吃完了。
(2)give out意为"发出(光、热等)"时,与give off同义。
The flowers in my garden give out/off a sweet smell. 我花园里的花散发出芬芳的味道。
(3)give out意为"筋疲力尽"。
The horse gave out. 马跑不动了。
(23-24八年级下·山东)Sun Shuang often helps his teachers to ________ exercise-books.
A.give in B.give up C.give out D.give off
►►►2. come up with想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等)
come up with是个短语动词,由"动词+副词+介词"构成,相当于及物动词,
后常跟idea,plan,answer等名词,相当于think of。
Who can come up with another idea? 谁能再想出一个主意?
We have to work hard to come up with them. 我们必须努力工作,赶上他们。
【拓展】come 相关短语
22-23九年级上·甘肃天水·期末)We have come up with a good plan.
A.think of B.think about C.think over D.thought of
►►►3.put off意为"推迟;拖延"
是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
We can’t put off having the meeting. 我们不能推迟召开这次会议。
鸿鹄志【知识拓展】 常见put构成的短语
(23-24八年级下·黑龙江哈尔滨)
We have to put off ________ a trip to the countryside because of the bad weather.
A.taking B.take C.to take
【精讲03 句子】
►►►1. You could help to clean up the city parks. 你可以帮着清洁城市公园。
(1)could是情态动词,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。
句中could用于提出建议,比can语气更为委婉。此外,could还常用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。
He asked if he could have a cup of coffee. 他问是否可以喝一杯咖啡。
(2)句中help作动词,意为"帮助",后跟不定式作宾语。
Laura helped me (to) plan my trip. 劳拉帮我规划我的旅游行程。
【知识拓展】help
1.作及物动词,意为"帮助;援助;促进;对……有帮助",其常见用法如下:
(1)help sb. (to) do sth.(帮助某人做某事,to 可以省略)
I often help my mother (to) do the housework on weekends.(我经常在周末帮妈妈做家务。)
She helped her little brother (to) learn English.(她帮助她的弟弟学英语。)
(2)help (to) do sth.(帮忙做某事,to 可以省略)
We all helped (to) clean the classroom yesterday.(昨天我们都帮忙打扫了教室。)
The new machine helps (to) save a lot of time.(这台新机器有助于节省很多时间。)
(3) 固定结构
help oneself (to sth.)(随便吃 / 用某物) Help yourself to some fruit, kids.
can't help doing sth.(情不自禁做某事) When I heard the funny story, I couldn't help laughing.
help sb. with sth.(在某方面帮助某人) My teacher helps me with my math when I have difficulties.
鸿鹄志2. 作名词,意为"帮助;帮忙",常用作不可数名词,
其常用短语为with the help of..."在……的帮助下"。
With the help of my English teacher, I have made great progress in my English study.
1.(23-24八年级下·云南普洱·期末)—________ you please not throw rubbish everywhere?
—Sorry, I’ll pick it up.
A.Could B.Need C.Should D.Must
2.(23-24八年级下·吉林长春)Bob, please help ___ when in trouble. You can’t always wait for others to help
you.
A.myself B.ourselves C.yourself D.yourselves
【精讲04 语法】
►►►1.动词不定式
一、概念
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为"to+动词原形",其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式
的符号,称为小品词。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作
主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。
二、动词不定式的形式及性质
动词不定式
基本形式 有无人称变化 否定形式
to do(to有时可省略) 无 not (to) do
三、动词不定式的句法作用
1.作宾语
动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin,
want,remember,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。
You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己。
They volunteer to clean up the house for the old lady. 他们自愿给老人打扫房子。
鸿鹄志They would like to come by bus. 他们想乘公共汽车来。
2.作宾语补足语。
动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所做的动作,
可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。
I tell him to arrive on Sunday. 我让他周日到达。
Li Lei asked his deskmate to help him with English. 李磊请同桌帮他学英语。
The teacher asked the students to read it again. 那个老师让学生们又把它读了一遍。
【注意】在see,watch,hear,feel,notice等感官动词或let,make,have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的
动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号"to",
(1)Let / make / have + sb. +do sth.
Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩现在出去。
They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month.
上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。
(2)see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb. +do sth.
I heard them argue this morning. 今天早上我听到他们吵架了。
另:help带不带to均可以。
I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做家务。
此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补,当变被动时,必须还原to。
William is often seen to play Chinese kung fu in the park. 人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。
3.作状语
(1)作目的状语。
动词不定式所表示的目的时,可用in order to或so as to +动词原形。
He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。
The bus stopped in order to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。
(2)作结果状语。
He woke up only to find everybody gone. 他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。
He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大了,可以去上学了。
(3)作原因状语。在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。
I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions. 很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。
I’m happy to have found many things I can do. 很高兴找到了很多我能做的事。
4.特殊疑问词+动词不定式:what,which,how,where,when等特殊疑问词连用。
The question is I don’t know when to start. 问题是我不知道什么时候开始。
You do not know what to do and how to do it. 你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。
(23-24八年级·天津和平·期末)What’s ________ with you?
鸿鹄志A.the wrong B.trouble C.matter D.the matter
►►►2.动词短语
短语动词是一种固定词组,由动词加介词或副词等构成,其作用相当于一个动词。
构成形式 常见短语
常见的相当于及物动词的短语动词有:
cheer up(振奋起来),clean up(打扫干净),set up(建立),put up(搭
建,张贴),cut up(切碎),fix up(修理),work out(算出),give out
(分发),give away(赠送),think over(仔细思考),turn over(把……
翻过来),hand in(上交)等。
1.动词+副词
此类短语相当于及物动词时,后面必须跟宾语,若名词作宾语,可以放在副
词前面或后面,但代词作宾语时,必须置于副词之前。
常见的相当于不及物动词的语动词有:
get up(起床),start off(动身),come back(回来),get down(下
来),hold on(等下;别挂断),look out(当心,小心),get away(逃
离)等。
这类短语动词在句中作谓语时,后面必须接宾语。常见的有:
2. 动词+介词 look for(寻找),stand for(代表),wait for(等待),pay for(付费),
send for(派人去请),take after(像),hear from(收到……的来信),
hear of(听说),depend on(依靠)等。
这类短语动词相当于及物动词,介词后面须跟宾语。常见的有:
3. 动词+副词+介词 add up to(总共是),catch up with(赶上),look down upon(瞧不起),
run out of(耗尽,用光)
这类短语动词相当于及物动词,后面需接宾语,有时名词前可以加形容词修
饰。常见的有:make fun of(取笑),make use of(利用),pay attention to
(注意),take care of(照顾)等。
4. 动词+名词+介词
这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。 He is
taking care of his little brother. 他在照顾他弟弟。
We shouldn’t make fun of others. 我们不应该嘲笑他人。
1.(2024·云南昆明·一模)The first forest library in Shanghai makes it possible ________ reading in the natural
environment.
鸿鹄志A.enjoys B.enjoying C.enjoyed D.to enjoy
2.(2023·山东青岛·二模)_______ fit, we should have a healthy diet, proper exercise and enough sleep.
A.Keeping B.To keep C.Keep D.Kept
3.(2022·贵州毕节·中考真题)Many people have lost their homes because of wars. It’s important for people
________ a peaceful world.
A.have B.had C.to have D.to be having
4.(2022·广西百色·中考真题)Our teacher often tells us _________ across the road when the traffic light is
red.
A.go B.going C.don’t go D.not to go
5.(23-24九年级上·山东)Elders are supposed to ________ by youngers politely.
A.talk to B.be talked C.talk back D.be talked to
6.(2025·上海松江·一模)Is it necessary for us ________ on clothes before buying them?
A.try B.to try C.trying D.tried
7.(2024·福建南平·二模)—It’s important to keep ahead on safety.
—Well. My advice is ________ some basic first-aid knowledge.
A.knows B.knew C.to know
8.(2024·福建·模拟预测)Nowadays, many tourist attractions allow visitors ____ free tickets by reciting
poems.
A.getting B.get C.to get
9.(2023·江苏常州·一模)Sherlock Holmes is a careful detective. No detail is _______ escape (逃脱) his
attention.
A.too small to B.so small that C.not small enough D.as small as
10.(2024·四川·中考真题)In China, people usually ________ their houses before the Spring Festival.
A.clean up B.look up C.take up D.put up
11.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)During the Spring Festival, Chinese people usually ________ the Chinese
character “褔” upside down on the front door of a house.
A.put up B.put off C.put on D.put down
12.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—I think my life is so boring.
—Why don’t you ________ some hobbies like singing or dancing?
A.put up B.take up C.get up D.show up
13.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Tony, come over. What do the letters “KIT” mean in the text
message?
—Don’t you know that, Amy? They ________ “keep in touch”.
A.ask for B.go for C.stand for D.search for
14.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Human beings should ________ the nature.
A.deal with B.come up with
鸿鹄志C.catch up with D.get along well with
15.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)—Which school club should I choose?
—It ______ what skills you want to develop.
A.takes on B.carries on C.puts on D.depends on
16.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—Mom, could I ________ the TV? I want to watch the news about space.
—Of course. And don’t sit too close.
A.turn on B.turn off C.put on D.put off
鸿鹄志