名师测控,让学习更简单
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
单元知识清单 Section A
必背词汇
1. floor [flɔː(r)] n. 地板 →lender [ˈlendə(r)] n. 贷方;出借人;
2. throw [θrəʊ] v. 扔;掷 11. hate [heɪt] v. 厌恶;讨厌
3. neither [ˈnaɪðə(r); ˈniːðə(r)] adv. 也不 pron. 两者都不 →hateful adj. 可恶的;可恨的;讨厌的;
4. shirt [ʃɜːt] n. 衬衫 12. rubbish [ˈrʌbɪʃ] n. 垃圾;废弃
5. finger [ˈfɪŋɡə(r)] n. 手指 →rubbishy adj. 垃圾的;无价值的
6. while [waɪl] conj. 与…同时;当…的时候;而;然而 13. fold [fəʊld] v. 折叠;对折
7. chore [tʃɔː(r)] n. 杂务,乏味无聊的工作 → folder n. 文件夹;折叠式印刷品;
8. pass [pɑːs] v. 给;递;走过;通过 →folding adj. 可折叠的
→passenger n. 乘客;旅客; 14. sweep [swiːp] v. 扫;打扫
9. borrow [ˈbɒrəʊ] v. 借;借用 →sweeper n. 清洁工;清扫器;
→borrower [ˈbɒrəʊə(r)] n. 借款人;借用人; 15. mess [mes] n. 杂乱;不整洁
10. lend [lend] v. 借给;借出 →messy adj. 凌乱的;肮脏的;麻烦的;
重要语块
do the dishes洗餐具 16. as soon as = the minute —·就…
clean the living room打扫起居室 17. hang out闲逛
take out the rubbish倒垃圾 18. hate to do/doing sth.讨厌做某事
sweep the floor扫地 19. reply angrily 生气地回复到
fold the clothes叠衣服 20. shout back 顶嘴
make the bed 整理床铺 21. come home from school 放学回家
go out for dinner 出去吃晚饭 22. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
stay out late在外面待到很晚 23. all day/evening 整天/晚
get a ride搭车 24. walk away 走开
10. help out with sth.帮助做某事 25. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
11. finish doing sth.完成做某事 26. be angry at/ about sth. 因某事而生气
12. any minute now 随时;马上 27. pass sb.sth.= pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人
13. throw down扔下 28. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人借某物(借进来)
14. all the time 频繁;反复 29. lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 给某人借某物(借出
15. in surprise吃惊地 去)名师测控,让学习更简单
常考句型
Could you please clean your room? 你能打扫一下你的房间吗?
I have to do some work. 我必须干些活。
Could I use your computer? 我可以用一下你的电脑吗?
I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我认为两个小时对你来说足够了!
Mom will be back from shopping any minutes now.妈妈随时可能会购物回来。
She won't be happy if she sees this mess. 如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话,她会不高兴的。
I’m just as tired as you are ! 我和你一样累!
You watched TV all the time and never help around the house.你总是一直在看电视,从不帮忙。
We need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.
为了拥有一个干净舒适的家,我们需要分享家务。
10. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。
11. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV .我一在电视机前坐下,我妈妈就过来了。
12. I hate to do chores. 我不喜欢做杂务。
核心语法
情态动词could 的用法
(北京)股份有限公司
【精讲01 词汇】
►►►1.throw
throw v. 扔;掷。 用作及物动词。throw sb. sth.=throw sth. to sb.扔给某人某物。
She threw me a towel.=She threw a towel to me.
与throw相关的短语:
throw down 扔下;使倒下。 throw away 扔掉;丢弃
throw sth. at 向……扔某物(近) throw sth. to 投给……某物(远)
He threw down the book and went out.
She threw herself down in the bed and fell asleep.
(24-25八年级上·全国)名师测控,让学习更简单
Look! Some kids ________ snow ________ each other.
A.throw; at B.threw; to C.are throwing; at D.are throwing; for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:看!一些孩子正在向彼此扔雪。
考查现在进行时及动词短语辨析。at在;to朝着;for为了。“Look!”表明动作正在进行,要用现在进行时,
结构为be doing;“向…… 扔……”是throw sth. at sb.。所以第一空填are throwing,第二空填at。故选
C。
►►►2. neither
(1) 作代词,“两者都不”。
可与介词of连用neither of...结构作主语是谓语动词可单可复。
Neither of us likes apples.
(2) 作副词““也不”。
“否定句neither+系动词be/助动词 /情态动词+主语”结构表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合后者的人或物。
She isn’t a teacher, neither am I.
Tom doesn’t like apples, neither do I .
【注意】固定搭配 neither…nor…连接两个并列主语,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
Neither he nor I am going to the party.
1.(23-24八年级下·甘肃定西·期中)Neither I nor Brian ______ that book. It’s boring.
A.like B.likes C.don’t like D.doesn’t like
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我和布里安都不喜欢那本书。它很无聊。
考查主谓一致。“neither…nor…”表示“两者都不”,是否定的意思,因此空格处应该用表示肯定的谓语
动词,排除C和D。“neither …nor …”连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与“nor”后面的主语保持一致,遵循
“就近原则”。“Brian”是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词应用“likes”。故选B。
2.(23-24八年级下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中)
Neither Tom nor I ________ good at writing, so we both want to improve our writing this term.
A.am B.is C.are
【答案】A
【详解】句意:汤姆和我都不擅长写作,所以这学期我们都想提高写作水平。
考查be动词用法。am是,用于第一人称I;is是,用于单数;are是,用于复数。neither...nor...表示“既
不……,也不……”,遵循就近原则,I用am。故选A。
►►►3.pass v.名师测控,让学习更简单
pass sb.sth.= pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人
Please pass the paper on to the other students. (3)(时间)过去;流逝
(2)走过;通过 The days passed slowly. 日子慢慢过去
A car passed just now. 一辆车刚才经过了。 (4)v. 通过考试及格
I was happy that I passed the exam.
(24-25八年级上·福建泉州·期中)
—I’d like to read the book over there. Could you pass ________, please?
—Certainly. Here you are.
A.me it B.it to me C.me for it
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我想读那边的书。你能把它递给我吗?——当然。给你。
考查动词短语。pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.“递给某人某物”,当直接宾语是代词时,只能放在pass之后,
结合选项可知,选项B符合。故选B。
►►►4.lend
lend作动词,意为"借给;借出"。其后常跟双宾语,即lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.
意为"借给某人某物;把某物借给某人"。
Could you lend me some books? =Could you lend some books to me?
【辨析】不同方式的"借"
用法 例句
“借出”, 非延续性动词,
表示主语把东西借给别人 Who has repaired the broken leg of the table?
lend
常用结构:lend sb. sth.或lend sth. to 谁把桌子的断腿修好了?
sb.
“借入”,非延续性动词,
This shirt is too old to mend.
borrow 表示主语向别人借东西
这件衣服太旧,不能补了。
常用结构:borrow sth. from sb.
“借(多久)”,延续性动词,
Can you fix the broken chair?
keep 表示"借某物多长时间”
你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗?
与表示一段时间的时间状语连用
【一图辨异】名师测控,让学习更简单
(24-25八年级上·山东泰安)
—Can you ________ your bike to me?
—With pleasure. But you mustn’t _________ it to others.
A.lend, borrow B.borrow, lend C.lend, lend
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你能把你的自行车借给我吗?——乐意至极。但你不能借给其他人。
考查动词辨析。lend借出;borrow借入。根据“Can you … your bike to me?”可知,第一空指把自行车借给
我;结合“But you mustn’t… it to others.”可知,此处指的不能把自行车借给其他人,两个空表示的都是主
语的事物向外借,所以都应用lend。故选C。
►►►5.hate
hate v. 厌恶;讨厌
(1) hate + n./pron,不喜欢/憎恨某人/某物
I hate rainy days.
(2) hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。
I hate to trouble her.
(3)hate doing sth.不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。
I hate him smoking.
(23-24七年级下·上海)
I hate ______ action films, because they are too tense.
A.seeing B.see C.saw D.watch
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我讨厌看动作片,因为它们太紧张了。
考查非谓语动词。see看见;watch看。hate doing sth“讨厌做某事”,为固定短语,此处应用动名词作宾语。
故选A。
【精讲02 短语】名师测控,让学习更简单
►►►1. the minute
the minute在此引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,相当于as soon as。
the minute引导时间状语从句时,遵从“主将从现”。主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时。
As soon as I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.
=The moment I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.
The minute you call me, I'll be there.
The minute I saw him, I knew something was wrong.
(23-24八年级下·四川)
Take it easy, I _______ to him the minute I _______ him tomorrow.
A.talk, will meet B.will talk, meet C.will talk, will meet
【答案】B
【详解】句意:别着急,我明天一见到他就和他谈谈。
考查动词时态。根据“I ... to him the minute I ... him tomorrow.”可知,本句为the minute“一……就”引导的
时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则。因此空一为主句谓语,用将来时;空二为从句谓语,用现在时。故选
B。
►►►2.as......as
as ... as 意为 “和……一样” ,表示同级的比较。
使用时要注意第一个as为副词,第二个as为连词。其基本结构为:as + adj./ adv. + as。
He works as hard as he can.
Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.
The cake is as sweet as honey.
She doesn't sing as well as her sister.
1.(2023·辽宁大连·中考真题)Nowadays traveling by high-speed train is as ________ as traveling by air in
China.
A.popular B.more popular C.most popular D.the most popular
【答案】A
【详解】句意:现在乘高铁旅行和乘飞机旅行一样受欢迎。
考查形容词原级。as...as中间用形容词或副词原级,故选A。
2.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)His joke was as ________ as a stand-up comedy show, and we all laughed.
A.fun B.funny C.funnier D.funniest
【答案】B名师测控,让学习更简单
【详解】句意:他的笑话和单人喜剧表演一样好笑,而且我们都笑了。
考查形容词同级比较。fun乐趣,名词;funny滑稽的,形容词;funnier更滑稽,形容词比较级;funniest
最滑稽,形容词最高级。根据“as...as”可知,此处应用形容词原级。故选B。
►►►3.in surprise
in surprise 惊讶地;吃惊地
常用于动词之后作方式状语,相当于with surprise。
surprise可作名词也可作动词,
常用短语还有:to one's surprise“令某人惊讶的是”。
He looked up in surprise when he heard the loud noise.
To my surprise, he passed the exam easily.
His success surprised everyone.
(23-24八年级下·贵州贵阳·期中)
________ our surprise, he finally got an A in his English exam.
A.With B.In C.To D.For
【答案】C
【详解】句意:令我们惊讶的是,他最终在英语考试中得了A。
考查介词辨析。With和;In在……里面;To向;For为了。根据“…our surprise, he finally got an A in his
English exam.”可知,to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”,固定词组。故选C。
【精讲03 句子】
►►►1.Peter ,could you please take out the trash?
【句型剖析】
(1)此处情态动词could并非表示过去时态,而是表示委婉语气,后跟动词原形表达有礼貌地请求或请求
允许做某事。
Could you tell me how to get to the nearest bank? 你能告诉我怎么去最近的银行吗?
肯定回答:Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.
否定回答: Sorry , I can’t. (注意不能用could)
— Could I use your phone, please?
—Sure. 当然可以。
(2)take out
take out意为"带出去;取出;拿出;除掉",是由"动词+副词"构成的动词短语,
名词作宾语时放在out前后都可以,代词作宾语时必须将其放在out前。名师测控,让学习更简单
He took out a pen from his pocket and wrote down his phone number.
他从口袋里拿出一支笔,写下了他的电话号码。
My father took me out to dinner to celebrate my birthday.
我父亲带我出去吃晚餐庆祝我的生日。
1.(2024·新疆克孜勒苏·一模)Jenny finally got the job because she ________ speak English well.
A.might B.must C.could D.need
【答案】C
【详解】句意:珍妮终于得到了那份工作,因为她英语说得很好。
考查情态动词。might可能;must必须;could能,会;need需要。根据“...speak English well”可知,此
处表示她具有讲好英语的能力,故选C。
2.(24-25九年级上·福建福州·期末)—________ I have an ice cream, mom?
—You’d better not. You have a cold now.
A.Could B.Must C.Dare
【答案】A
【详解】句意:妈妈,我能吃一个冰淇淋吗?你最好不要。你现在感冒了。
考查情态动词的用法。Could能;Must必须;Dare敢。根据语境,应该用Could来表示委婉的请求。选
A。
3.—What a mess! The milk in the fridge has gone bad.
—Don't worry. I'll ______ the rubbish and buy some fresh milk right away.
A. take up B. take out C. take off D. take after
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—— 真是一团糟!冰箱里的牛奶已经变质了。
—— 别担心。我会马上把垃圾倒掉,然后去买些新鲜牛奶。
考查动词词组。A 选项 “take up” 意为 “开始从事;占据(时间、空间等)”;B 选项 “take out” 有
“取出;拿出;把…… 带出去;去除;倒掉(垃圾等)” 的意思,这里 “take out the rubbish” 表示
“倒掉垃圾”,符合语境;C 选项 “take off” 意思是 “起飞;脱下;突然成功”;D 选项 “take after”
表示 “(外貌、行为等)像(父母等)” 。根据句意 “冰箱里的牛奶坏了,我会倒掉垃圾并马上去买
些新鲜牛奶”,所以选 B。
►►►2. I think two hours of TV is enough for you!
two hours of TV虽为复数,但却表达一种整体的观念。
当时间、长度、距离或其他可数名词表示一个完整的整体概念,作主语时,其后的谓语动词用其单数形式。
Two hours is enough to finish the work. 两个小时足够完成这项工作。
Five kilograms is too heavy for a suitcase. 五公斤对于一个行李箱来说太重了。名师测控,让学习更简单
Ten kilometers is a long distance to walk. 十公里是一段很长的步行距离。
Five kilometers ______ a long way for an old man like him to walk alone.
A.are B. is C. were D. have been
【答案】B
【详解】句意:对像他这样的一位老人来说,独自步行五公里是一段很长的路程。
此句中 “Five kilometers”(五公里)表示一个整体的距离概念,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 B
选项 “is” 是单数形式的 be 动词,符合语法规则,所以选 B。
【精讲04 语法】
►►►1.情态动词could 用法
一、概念
情态动词 "could" 是can的过去式,但它的用法并不局限于表示过去时态。
不能作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,后加动词原形。
二、could的用法
1. 表示“过去的能力和可能性”
“could” 可用于一般过去时,表达过去具备的能力,即过去 “能” 或 “会” 做某事。
I could run faster when I was younger.我年轻时能跑得更快。
2. 用于委婉提出要求或请求(Ask for permission),比can更委婉;
常用于口语中向他人请求许可或提出请求。回答通常用 “Yes, you can.” 或 “No, you can't.” 。
Could I use your phone?我可以用一下你的电话吗?
Could you pass the salt?你能把盐递给我吗?
3.提出比较委婉的建议或劝告
“could” 可以用来提出比较委婉的建议或劝告,让语气更加温和。
You could try this new restaurant. The food there is delicious.你可以试试这家新餐厅,那里的食物很美味。
4.表示推测
“could” 可用来表示现在或将来的可能性,通常指理论上的可能性,其可能性比 “can” 稍弱。
She stayed up late last night.She could be very tired.她昨晚熬夜了,她肯定很累。
The weather forecast says it could rain this afternoon.天气预报说今天下午可能会下雨。
【辨析】could和can名师测控,让学习更简单
1.(2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题)The lovely boy ________ ride the bike at the age of six.
A.must B.could C.need D.should
【答案】B
【详解】句意:那个可爱的男孩在6岁时就会骑自行车了。
考查动词辨析。must必须;could可以;need需要;should应该。根据“at the age of six”可知该句应用情态
动词could表示“过去的能力”。故选B。
2.(2023·四川达州·中考真题)—Jack, could you please help me take out the trash?
—Sorry, І ________, mom. I ________ my homework now.
A.couldn’t, am doing B.can’t, am doing C.can’t, do
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——杰克,你能帮我倒垃圾吗?——对不起,我不能,妈妈。我现在正在做作业。
考查情态动词及动词时态。对“could you please…”的肯定回答是Yes, I can,否定回答是Sorry, I can’t。根
据“now”可知,“我”现在正在做作业,应为现在进行时。故选B。
3.(2023·江西抚州·一模)—There is someone knocking on the door. I wonder who it ________ be.
—It ________ be Frank. He phoned to tell me he would come to our home soon.
A.must; must B.could; must C.might; can’t D.might; mustn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—有人在敲门。我想知道是谁。——一定是弗兰克。他打电话告诉我他很快就会来我们家。
考查情态动词。must一定;could可能;might可能;can’t不可能;mustn’t禁止。根据“There is someone
knocking on the door. I wonder who it...be.”可知,空格处要填表推测的情态动词,表示可能,故填could或
might;根据“He phoned to tell me he would come to our home soon.”可知,空格处要填must表示肯定推测。
故选B。
4.(2024·河北石家庄·一模)—Could you go to the bookshop with me?
—Sorry, I _________. I have to go home right after school.名师测控,让学习更简单
A.may B.must C.can’t D.needn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你能和我一起去书店吗?——对不起,我不能。我必须放学后马上回家。
考查情态动词辨析。may可能;must必须;can’t不可以;needn’t不需要。根据“Could you go to the
bookshop with me?”和“Sorry”可知此处could表示委婉语气,否定回答应用can’t。故选C。
5.(2023·辽宁沈阳·模拟预测)She kept on falling over because she ________ keep her balance.
A.might B.might not C.could D.could not
【答案】D
【详解】句意:她不停地跌倒,因为她无法保持平衡。
考查情态动词。might可能;might not可能不;could能够;could not不能够。根据“She kept on falling
over because she ... keep her balance.”可知,她不能够保持平衡,导致她一直跌倒。故选D。