Unit 1 What’s the matter?
单元知识清单 Section B
必背词汇
1. hit [hit] v.（用手或器具）击；打 11. accident [ˈæksidənt] n. 意外事件；事故
2. bandage [ˈbændɪdʒ] n.绷带 v用绷带包扎 12. accidental adj 意外的；偶然的
3. press [pres] v 压；挤；按 13. situation [ˌsitjuˈeiʃən] n. 状况，形式，情况
4. sick [sɪk] adj. 患病的，不适的 14. rock [rɔk] n. 岩石
sickness n.疾病；弊病 15. knife [naif] n. 刀，餐刀
5. knee [ni:] n. 膝盖 16. mean [mi:n] v. 意味着，意思是，意欲
6. nosebleed [ˈnəʊzbliːd] n 鼻出血 17. importance [ɪmˈpɔ:tns] n. 重要性
7. breathe [briːð] v. 呼吸 18. important adj 重要的
8. sunburned [ˈsʌnbɜːnd] adj 晒伤的 19. decision [dɪ'sɪʒn] n. 决心，决定，抉择
9. ourselves [ɑ:ˈselvz] pron. 我们自己 20. control [kən'trəʊl] v. 控制，支配，
10. risk [rɪsk] n. & v. 风险，危险；冒险 21. spirit ['spɪrɪt] n. 勇气，意志
22. death [deθ] n. 死亡 dead adj 死的
重要语块
1. fall down 摔倒 (fall – fell – fallen) 15. by oneself 独自
2. have a nosebleed 流鼻血 16. (sth.) run out （某物）用尽，耗光
3. get hit on/ in 被击打 17. (sb.) run out of sth.（某人）用完、耗尽某物
4. cut oneself割伤自己 18. be ready to do 准备好做某事
5. run it under water用水冲洗 = be prepared to do
6. feel sick 感到不舒服 19. cut off 切下
7. have problems doing 做某事有困难 20. so that 为了，以便于
= have difficulty doing 21. so + adj./adv. that 如此…，以致于…
= have trouble doing 22. the importance of… …的重要性
8. be interested in 对…感兴趣 23. make decisions to do 决定做某事
9. get sunburned 被晒伤 24. be in control of… 掌控…
10. be used to doing 习惯于 25. keep on doing 坚持做某事
11. take risks 冒险 26. the same as 和…一样
12. because of +n./doing 因为 27. go mountain climbing 爬山
13. a dangerous situation 危险的境地 28. mind doing 介意做某事
14. be caught 被困住 29. give up 放弃
常考句型
鸿鹄志1. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.
2. Aron is used to taking risks.
3. Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
4. He found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.
5. Aron’s arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the
mountains.
6. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
7. He was not ready to die that day.
8. So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.
9. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.
10. Do we have the same spirit as Aron?
11. before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.
单元写作
疾病的表达和建议，健康生活方式
（北京）股份有限公司
【精讲01 词汇】
►►►1.sick
adj.“生病的” be sick of …“讨厌；厌恶……”
sick ①放be (系动词)后作表语， sick person = patient“病人”
②放n.前作定语。 I feel a little sick.
adj.“生病的”
be ill in hospital 生病住院
ill ill→ illness n.“病；疾病”
He was ill last week.
只能放be (系动词)后作表语
（23-24八年级下·湖南）
“Take this medicine and it will make you ________ better soon,” the nurse says to the ________ boy.
A．to feel; sick B．feel; sick C．feeling; ill D．feels; ill
【答案】B
【详解】句意：“吃了这个药，它会让你很快感觉更好些。”护士对那个生病的男孩说。
考查非谓语动词及形容词辨析。sick生病的；ill有病的。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，第一空用动词
原形；sick可以作定语，ill只能作表语，此处用作定语修饰名词boy。故选B。
鸿鹄志►►►2. hurt- hurt-hurt v 受伤、疼痛
(1)作动词,
①受伤、疼痛 Did you hurt yourself?
②感到疼 My feet hurt
③Hurt sb. 侧重情感上伤到某人 I’m sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt you.
(2)作形容词, 受伤的
Luckily, none of the passengers were badly hurt.
(3)常用词组：hurt oneself 伤到某人自己
（24-25八年级·江苏·期中）—Don’t play with the fire, you will hurt ________, Mike.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A．itself B．himself C．yourself D．yourselves
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——不要玩火，Mike，你会伤到自己。——对不起，我不会再做了。
考查反身代词的使用。itself它自己；himself他自己；yourself你自己；yourselves你们自己。根据句中对话
对象是Mike，可以判断用第二人称单数，反身代词用yourself。故选C。
►►►3. mean
(1) mean doing sth.意味着做某事，主语通常是事物
My new job means traveling around the world. 我的新工作需要在世界各地跑。
(2)mean to do sth.打算做某事，主语通常是人
I mean to visit my English teacher tomorrow.我打算明天去拜访我的英语老师。
(3)mean+that从句 意思是……
I mean that we have to leave early. 我的意思是我们必须早些离开。
（2025八年级下·全国）—What is the ________ of the sign on the bottle?
—It ________ “Keep away from the babies”.
A．meaning; means B．mean; means
C．mean; meaning D．meaning; meaning
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——瓶子上这个标志的意思是什么？——它意味着“远离婴儿”。
考查名词和动词的用法。mean意思是，动词；meaning意思，名词；means意思是，动词第三人称单数。
鸿鹄志根据“—What is the…of the sign on the bottle? —It…‘Keep away from the babies’.”可知，第一空the…of结构
中需要用名词，meaning是名词，表示“意思，含义”。第二空主语It是第三人称单数，句子缺少谓语动
词，mean作为动词，其第三人称单数形式是means，表示“意味着”。故选A。
【精讲02 短语】
►►►1.be used to意为＂习惯于……；适应于……＂，
其中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
He is used to taking cold showers even in winter. 他习惯了甚至在冬天也用冷水淋浴。
He is used to getting up early. 他习惯于早起
be used to Be patient and you will be used to the life here
意为＂习惯于……＂，
sth / doing soon.
相当于短语get used to。
sth. They’ve got used to living in the countryside.
意为＂被用来做某事＂ =be used for doing sth.
be used to 是动词use的被动结构。(动词不 Plastics(塑料) can be used to make all kinds of
do sth. 定式作目的状语；for短语表示用 things.
途) The machine is used for cutting things.
used to d 意为“过去常常做某事”， He used to get up at 7 o’clock.
o sth. 表达过去。 他过去常常 7 点起床。
（24-25九年级·四川成都·期中）
We used to ______ our parents for everything, but now we are used to ______ chores by ourselves.
A．depending on; do B．depend on; doing C．depend on; do
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我们过去凡事都依赖父母，但现在我们习惯了自己做家务。
考查动词短语。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to doing习惯于做某事；be used to do被用来做某事。
根据now可知，第一空表示“过去常常依赖父母”，所以用动词原形；第二个空表示“习惯于自己做家
务”，所以用动名词形式。故选B。
►►►2.run out
作不及物动词短语，意为＂用尽；耗尽＂，主语通常是时间、金钱、水、食物等无生命名词。
His strength ran out. 他的力气用完了。
After a long walk, he ran out of his water. 长途跋涉后，他用尽了他的水。
run out 不及物动词词组，不用于被动语 His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快花完了。
鸿鹄志态，以主动形式表被动，主语通常
是时间、食物、金钱等无生命事 Our time is running out.
物。
作及物动词用(＝use up)，后接宾
run out
语，主语通常是人。 I have run out of my money before payday.
of
多用于进行时或完成时.
【注意】 run out of... 其原意为＂从……中跑出＂。
Lots of students ran out of the classroom to see what had happened. 很多学生从教室跑出来看发生了什么事。
（22-23八年级下·江苏盐城·期中）The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never ________.
A．be carried out B．be run out C．carry out D．run out
【答案】D
【详解】句意：太阳能和风能非常便宜，而且永远不会用尽。
考查动词短语。be carried out被实施；be run out错误表达，不及物动词短语，没有被动语态；carry out实
施；run out用尽。根据“The energy from the sun and wind”和常识可知，太阳能和风能是用不尽的。故选
D。
►►►3.＂so ... that...＂意为＂如此……以至于……＂
that引导结果状语从句。此句型中，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。
常用句型结构为：主语+谓语+so+adj./adv.+ that从句。
The math problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out. 这道数学题是如此难以至于我解不出来。
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. 这个男孩太小还不能去上学。
【辨析】
so 是副词，后接形容词或副词。常见结
构：
The boy is so clever that everyone likes
so...that.. “so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句”
him.
“so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 +
She runs so fast that I can’t follow her.
that 从句”。
such 是形容词，后接名词（名词前可以
有形容词或冠词等修饰语），常见结构： He is such a clever boy that everyone likes
“such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 him.
such...that..
+ that 从句” They are such interesting books that I want
“such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 / 不可 to read them again.
数名词 + that 从句”。
鸿鹄志【拓展】 so... that... 和so that...区别
意为“以至于；结果”。引导结果状语从句 There is too much rain these days.
so...that.. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to Watching TV too much is bad for your
sleep. eyes.
“为了，以便”。引导目的状语从句
There are too many things for me to do
一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。
so that every day.
He got up early this morning so that he
could catch the early bus.
（23-24八年级下·山东·期末）________ are ________ serious that they can make the best cars in the world.
A．Germen; such B．Germans; so C．Germen; so
【答案】B
【详解】句意：德国人是如此严谨，他们可以制造世界上最好的汽车。
考查名词单复数和结果状语从句。Germen错误表达；Germans德国人。German“德国人”，其复数形式为
Germans；so adj that+从句表示“如此……以至于”。故选B。
►►►4.keep on doing sth
意为＂继续或坚持做某事＂，表示动作重复多次，中间有间隔，强调重复性。
They kept on working though it was dark. 尽管天黑了，他们却继续工作。
Don’t keep on interrupting me. 别老是跟我打岔。
(1) keep doing sth.意为＂继续不停地做某事＂。 表示动作的持续不间断、无停顿，强调连续性。
Keep walking until you reach the end of the road.
(2) keep sb doing sth.意为＂让某人一直做某事＂。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起让你久等了。
(3) keep sb from doing sth.意为＂阻止某人做某事＂。
You shouldn’t keep him from watching cartoons. 你不该阻止他看动画片。
【拓展】 英语中后接doing作宾语的词(组)
完成练习值得忙 finish, practise, be worth, be busy
继续习惯别放弃 keep on, be used to, give up
考虑建议不禁想 consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like
喜欢思念要介意 enjoy, miss, mind
鸿鹄志（24-25八年级·全国）—How can I get better grades, madam?
—Keep on ________ and you’ll make progress.
A．to practicing B．practicing
C．to practice D．practiced
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我怎样才能取得更好的成绩，老师？ ——坚持练习，你会进步的。
考查非谓语动词。keep on doing sth“坚持做某事”，介词on后接动名词作宾语。故选B。
►►►5.feel well
意为＂身体好；感觉舒服＂。其中feel意为＂感觉＂，为系动词，后常接形容词作表语。
well表示健康状况时，是形容词，意为＂健康的＂。
I think I’ll go and lie down — I don’t feel well. 我想我得去躺一会儿，我感到不大舒服。
【辨析】
作副词，意为＂很好地＂，常用来
修饰动词，在句中作状语。 She speaks English well. 她英语说得好。
well
作形容词，常表示健康状况，意为 I hope she is well. 我希望她身体健康。
＂健康的＂，在句中常用作表语。
形容词，意为＂好的；优秀的＂， I have a good friend. 我有一个好朋友。
good
在句中常用作表语或定语。
（22-23八年级·四川·期末）Could you give me some ________ on how to learn English ________?
A．advices; good B．advice; well C．suggestion; well
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗？
考查名词辨析以及副词的用法。advice建议，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；good好的，形容
词；well好地，副词。some后加可数名词复数或不可数名词，排除AC；修饰动词learn用副词well。故选
B。
鸿鹄志【精讲03 句子】
►►►1.Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.
阿伦·罗尔斯顿是一个对登山感兴趣的美国人。
这是一个主从复合句，由主句 “Aron Ralston is an American man” 和定语从句 “who is interested in
mountain climbing” 构成。who 引导的定语从句用于修饰主句中的名词 “man”，对其进行更详细的描述。
在主从复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的词称为先行词，定语从句通常位于先行词之后，对先行词进行限定、描述或解释，使句子的意思
更加具体和明确。
（22-23八年级下·黑龙江·期末）—Mary, what kinds of teachers do you like?
—I like the teachers _____ are friendly to us.
A．who B．whom C．which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——玛丽，你喜欢什么样的老师？——我喜欢对我们友好的老师。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是the teachers，关系词在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。
故选A。
【精讲04 写作】
►►►1.话题分析
本单元的写作话题是健康。可以是讲述自己的健康问题，向别人寻求帮助或者是别人向你求助，你帮
忙提出建议。当然也可以是谈论保持身体健康的方法和途径。
在写作过程中，要求同学们熟悉人体部位的表述，掌握描述“患病”或者“...痛”的表达方法，并能
够针对健康问题运用情态动词should和shouldn’t提出更加正确、具体和深入的合理化建议。
能表达生活中存在的健康问题，并就这些提出建议；能描述意外伤害事故，并给出合理的应对措施。
1. 能用＂have...＂表达健康问题及意外事故。
2. 能描述健康问题的状况或意外事故发生的过程及病情或受伤的程度。
3. 能用 ＂should/shouldn’t＂ 提建议。
4. 写作微技能：不同句式的表达。
►►►2.写作提纲
鸿鹄志1．（24-25八年级下·全国·）
假定你是李明，你得知在英国的朋友Bob得甲流生病了，请你写一封电子邮件叮嘱他生病后的一些
注意事项。
内容包括：
(1) 表达关心 (我很抱歉听说你生病了)；
(2) 描述你出现健康问题的一次经历；
(3) 对如何保持健康提出至少两点建议。
作文要求：
(1) 不能照抄原文，不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。
(2) 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Bob,
I’m sorry to hear that you have H1N1 flu.
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I hope you will get better soon. Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Ming
鸿鹄志【答案】例文
Dear Bob,
I’m sorry to hear that you have H1N1 flu. I also caught a cold last month. I had a high fever and coughed. I
drank a lot of water and took some medicine. I realized the importance of health. So it is necessary for us to know
how to keep healthy.
First, it’s necessary for us to keep a balanced diet. We should eat more vegetables and fruit which contain
lots of vitamins and less fat. We should also try to eat less meat. What’s more, keeping a positive attitude to our life
is good for our health. Last but not least, take proper exercise every day.
I hope you will get better soon. Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Ming
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一封电子邮件；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时和一般过去时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，注意不要遗漏要点，可适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，根据文章已给出的开头，对朋友表达关心；
第二步，介绍自己出现健康问题的一次经历；
第三步，提出如何保持健康的一些建议。
[亮点词汇]
①a lot of很多 ②the importance of……的重要性 ③keep a balanced diet保持均衡饮
食
④what’s more更重要的是 ⑤last but not least最后但同样重要的
[高分句型]
①I’m sorry to hear that you have H1N1 flu. (that引导的宾语从句)
②We should eat more vegetables and fruit which contain lots of vitamins and less fat. (which引导的定语从句)
2.（24-25八年级下·全国·假期作业）
健康是幸福生活的基石，尤其是青少年的健康更加受到家庭、学校乃至全社会的关注。假如你是你们学校
的健康达人，应校英语俱乐部的邀请，你将给全成员做一个有关“The importance and secrets of keeping
healthy”的报告。请参考下面的提示，完成报告。
要求：
1.80词左右。开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2.所给提示仅供参考，需适当发挥；
3.文中不得使用真实的姓名与校名。
Dear Friends,
It’s a great honor to speak here. My topic is “The importance and secrets of keeping healthy.”
鸿鹄志____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Thanks for listening.
【答案】例文:
Dear Friends,
It’s a great honor to speak here. My topic is “The importance and secrets of keeping healthy”.
It is well known that health is the source of our energy. With a healthy body, we are more likely to lead a
happy life. So it is important for us to keep healthy.
First of all, we should take enough exercise every day to build up our body. What’s more, it is necessary for
us to live a regular life. For example, if we get up early, we can breathe fresh air, which is good for our life. Thirdly,
keeping a balanced diet is also a good way to keep healthy.
In short, health is so important to us that we should try our best to lead a healthy life.
Thanks for listening.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇讲稿，主题是“保持健康的重要性和秘诀”；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据题目要求，需要包含健康的重要性、保持健康的秘诀等内容，并适当发挥，确保文章内容丰
富、逻辑清晰。
[写作步骤]
第一步，引入话题，简要说明健康的重要性；
第二步，提出保持健康的建议，如适量运动、规律生活和均衡饮食；
第三步，总结健康的重要性，并鼓励大家尽力过上健康的生活。
[亮点词汇]
①source of energy能量来源 ②lead a happy life过上快乐的生活
③build up one’s body强健体魄 ④keep a balanced diet保持均衡饮食
[高分句型]
①It is well known that health is the source of our energy.(it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语)
鸿鹄志②In short, health is so important to us that we should try our best to lead a healthy life.(so...that...引导结果状语从
句)
3．（22-23八年级下·全国）
你的朋友Jim非常喜欢玩游戏。由于长时间玩电脑游戏，现在头痛、眼睛不舒服、腰酸背痛，并且晚
上睡不好觉。请你写一篇英语短文，介绍一下他的情况，并指出你对他的建议。
具体要求：
1. 内容包含上述所提供的信息，可适当发挥；
2. 书写认真，句子通顺，语法正确；
3. 词数：80词左右。
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【答案】例文
Jim is my friend. He likes playing computer games very much. He often sits in the same way for too long
without moving. Now he has a headache, sore eyes and a sore back. He doesn’t sleep well at night, so he feels tired
every day.
I think he should take breaks away from the computer. He shouldn’t use the computer for a long time. He
should do eye exercises to relax his eyes and go to bed early at night.
I think if he has a good rest, he will feel well soon.
【详解】[总体分析]
① 题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文；
② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③ 提示：根据所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，以第三人称为主。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍Jim的基本情况；
第二步，阐述自己给出的建议。
[亮点词汇]
鸿鹄志①like doing sth喜欢做某事 ②in the same way以同样的方式 ③do eye exercises做眼保健操
[高分句型]
①I think he should take breaks away from the computer.（省略that的宾语从句）
②I think if he has a good rest, he will feel well soon.（if引导的条件状语从句）
4．（22-23八年级下·全国·单元测试）
假如你是李华，你的网友Peter打篮球时意外受伤，请根据以下内容是示，用英语给Peter写一封电子
邮件。
提示：1. 询问病情并提出建议；
2. 介绍一下你学校的近期活动；
3. 表达祝愿。
要求：80词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter,
I’m sorry to hear that you got injured while playing basketball.
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Hope you’ll get better，and be back to your school as soon as possible.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Peter,
I’m sorry to hear that you got injured while playing basketball. How are you feeling now? I think you should
have a good rest at home. And you’d better take care of yourself when you do sports.
Everything goes well here! I enjoy great changes in my school. Now, the teachers make their teaching styles
colorful. In my science class, my teacher always encourages us to think, and cultivates our ability to study
independently. In addition, we have plenty of time to try what we want to do. We had our School Day last week.
鸿鹄志There were different kinds of activities, such as the speech contest, the talent show, volunteering…I took part in the
English speech contest, and I won the first prize. I will send you some photos about my School Day if you like.
Hope you’ll get better, and be back to your school as soon as possible.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为电子邮件；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时和一般过去时”；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。
[写作步骤]
第一步，询问病情并给出建议；
第二步，介绍一下你学校的近期活动。
[亮点词汇]
①encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事 ②in addition另外 ③plenty of许多
④such as例如 ⑤win the first prize获得了一等奖
[高分句型]
①I think you should have a good rest at home（省略that的宾语从句）
②There were different kinds of activities, such as the speech contest, the talent show, volunteering（there be句
型）
5．（21-22八年级上·浙江温州·期中）
假如你是李大明，你昨天骑自行车时遇到一位疲劳驾驶的司机，发生了一场交通事故。请根据图片提示写
一篇英语短文，介绍事故发生的经过及吸取的教训，并呼吁大家遵守交通规则、注意交通安全。
要求：
1）包含图片信息，语句通顺、流畅，可适当发挥；
2）100 词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3）文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。
I’m Li Daming. Yesterday, an accident happened to me near my home.
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【答案】例文
I’m Li Daming. Yesterday, an accident happened to me near my home. While I was riding a bike in the middle
of the road, I was listening to music.
A car appeared and it wasn’t going fast. However, the driver was very tired, so he didn’t see me. The driver
and I didn’t stop and I hit the car. I fell off my bike and broke my leg. The driver called 120 and I went to the
hospital with his help.
Now I am very careful. It’s important to pay attention on the road. Don’t listen to music when you are riding a
bike. And don’t drive a car when you are very tired.
【详解】[总体分析]
① 题材：本文是一篇看图作文，介绍一起交通事故的记叙文；
② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”；
③ 提示：根据题目图片提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，包括事故发生的时间、地点、经过以及结果等。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍昨天发生了一起事故；
第二步，具体阐述事故的情况。包括事故发生的经过以及结果等；
第三步，最后介绍通过这次事故吸取的教训。
[亮点词汇]
① happen to发生于 ② in the middle of在……中间 ③ ride a bike骑自行车
[高分句型]
① While I was riding a bike in the middle of the road, I was listening to music.（while引导时间状语从句）
②And don’t drive a car when you are very tired.（when引导的时间状语从句）
鸿鹄志
