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首字母填空解题技巧及高频单词
首字母填空是阅读体中的一个重点和难点,但是只要掌握良好的解题技
巧,静下心来认真对待,细心捉摸就一定能攻克这一堡垒。在做这道题是一
般应该把握好如下步骤:
1、通读全文,理解短文大意,判断需填选项的词性,同时将一眼能够得出
的答案迅速填上。
2、在理解作者的写作意图上进行换位思考,把自己想象成作者去努力使文章完
整、通顺。对于一下子拿不定主意的空项要及时跳过,而不能在上面纠缠,因
为往往后面的内容会给予更好的提示。
3、进一步阅读全文,力求整篇文章完整通顺,且符合情理,否则宁缺勿乱。
4、检查每一个答案的正确性,包括名词的数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的
准确运用等等。
填连词
连词是用来连接一个从句的,在分析确定填连词后,翻译一下上下句,连词
就可以确定了。
常考的连词有b 开头的but,because,before;u 开头的until 和unless;
wh-的宾语从句的连接词;以及although,though,so 等。
●中考真题练习
【例1】A month later, Christopher hadn’t heard from Jeff or received any
money, s
he phoned him.(2004 年中考)
【分析】he phoned him 是一个句子,前面又是个逗号,确定其为前句的
从句,翻译一下句意就知道两句是因果关系:Christopher 没有收到Jeff 的来
信,或任何钱,所以他打电话给他了。确定填so。
【例2】I asked him w
he was going and he said he was going
to work.(2006 年中考)
【分析】he was going 是I asked him 的宾语从句,w 开头的肯定是连接
词,分析从句缺少的成分,go 后可填疑问副词when 或where,再看后文提
示he was going to work,确定where 而不是when。
【例3】And even if you aren’t very rich, you want people to think that you
are. That is w
“Keeping up with the Joneses” is about.(2011 年
静安区一模试卷)
【分析】“Keeping up with the Joneses” is about 是That is 后的表语从句,
w 是连接词,分析后句about 后缺少宾语,应填疑问代词who 或what,再
分析前句you want people to think that you are 为sth.,确定填what。
【例4 】Often they can not find a person in time. If they have a way to
keep the blood u
someone needs it, they can always have the right
kind of blood.(2011 年卢湾区一模试卷)
【分析】someone needs it 是they have a way to keep the blood 的从句,
u 开头的连词只有until 和unless,翻译一下两个句子,“如果他们有一种方法
保持血液直到有人需要它,他们就能一直得到合适血型了”。确定until。
填连词基本是一个送分的空,同学们只要知道分析确定好从句,基本这两分
就搞定了。
填副词
如何确定填副词,首先要清楚副词的位置,它的位置一般在:
1)动词,形容词,地点、时间状语前,起强调作用
2)动词后修饰,进一步说明
3)句前句后表示时间,地点
常考的副词有:表强调的副词only,even,especially,still,also,always,
almost,already;表否定的hardly,never,seldom,rarely 等;句中用逗
号隔开的however,句后的again,together,altogether,instead,soon,
anywhere 等,句前的sometimes,usually 等。平时同学们在做题时多留心,
多总结高频出现的词,对增加做题的信心很有帮助。
●中考真题练习
【例5】Alana was on the diet or two months. Her doctor was pleased with
her. “ You have been very good,” he said “ You can eat some of the foods
you like best. But only a little. Don’t eat too many sweets….If you do, you
will get a lot of weight a
.
… “ But when you eat it, it makes you sick. It’s not a good food for you.”
“ You are right,” said Frank. “ Well, I’ll eat more cake i
.(2002
年中考)
【分析】这是2002 年中考出现的两题填副词,都在句末,分析句子不缺
少主要成分,基本确定填副词,再略微看一下上下文,脑子里的常用副词放
一遍,确定填again 及instead。
【例6】Christopher knew that Jeff was not very good with money , but he
s
agreed. As they were old friends, they didn’t put anything in
writing.(2004 年中考)
【分析】2004 年中考出现的是动词前的副词,动词前的副词不是强调就是
否定,看一下句意,确定应填肯定,就不能填seldom,而是填still。
【例7】Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You
have to be able to read to use a computer and, the better you read, the
better your computer skills will be. Reading is h
out of date!(2005
年中考)
【分析】2005 年中考出现的也是动词前的副词,动词前的副词不是强调就
是否定,看一下句意,确定应填否定,h 开头当然是hardly 了。
【
例8 】I realized that he was Jack, a friend from my school days in
Scotland. At the same time he a
realized who I was.(2006 年中考)
【分析】以a 开头的副词,同学们常常不能很好地确定是also、always 还
是almost。我们不妨先学习填also 的诀窍:如果本句所述内容与上句一致,
如此句中的动作与上句一致,都是realize,就确定填also(也)。
【例9】Have a warm bath--- it’s a great way to relax. But n
stay
in there too long. More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy.
(2007 年中考)
【分析】此处需填的副词很多同学都填错为not,就是没有掌握好基本规则,
动词前用副词never、not 必须与助动词连用,而no 后必须接名词。
副词是每一年中考必考的一项,2009 年考了again,2010 年考了hardly 和
together。同学们必须记住常考的一些副词及位置,副词这2-4 分就能轻而易
举地拿到手了。
填代词
在首字母填空中常填的是不定代词和反身代词,我们如果能够正确地分析句
子所缺成分,这类填词很容易得分了。
●中考真题练习
【例10】E
went wrong at the station. People were late and
they were panicking(惊恐)!(2006 年中考)
【分析】本句缺少的是主语,主语不是“sb”就是“sth.”,如果你知道这个基
本填主语都为不定代词的规律,这个空就很容易得分了,此处即可填
everything 也可填everybody。
【
例11 】
If you can’t get to sleep after half an hour , get up and do
s
quiet, like reading .(2007 年中考)
【分析】本句动词do 后缺少宾语sth.,加上后面又有形容词提示,因为只
有不定代词才可以放在形容词前,确定填something。
【例12】We switched off the TV when n
was watching it.
(2009 年中考)
【分析】本句缺少的是主语,从句意分析又是否定含义,且代指人,当然
填nobody。
除了做主语和宾语的不定代词外,常考的还有名词前的another 和other。
如2011 年虹口和卢湾等区的一模试卷都考到了another。
⑴The movies from Bollywood are very different from Hollywood movies….
A
big difference between Bollywood and Hollywood movies is
the way movies are made.(2011 年虹口区一模试卷)
⑵But there are two problems. …
There is a
problem. ….(2011 年卢湾区一模试卷)
填形容词、名词、动词
形容词、名词、动词的范围比较广,无法靠规律记忆,所以老师出题时一定
会给你上下文的语义提示,同学在做题时要在先确定所缺词性和句子成分后,
再仔细阅读上下文,根据上下文的语境提示确定词意。做题方式相似于做完形
填空,下面以从上下文分析形容词的词意为例,教同学们如何分析上下文。
(2007 年中考)【分析】此句的but 是关键词,说明此句的内容要与上句
相反,而上句是it(milk)helps you to relax, 表示牛奶使人容易入睡,后句
有了转折,意味着coffee or tea 使人难以入睡,所以填difficult。
此外,首字母填空还是个综合考核项目,在填写单词时要根据上下文注意词
形的变化,如名词的单复数、动词的时态形式、形容词的级等。
总之,要想做好首字母填空,除了掌握必要的巧方法外,更多的还是需
要增加平时的阅读量,做好词汇、语法知识等的积累。