专题 02 阅读理解（记叙文+新闻报道+议论文）
1. 【2024届贵州省六盘水市高三第二次诊断性试题】
In 1997, the Hungarian biochemist Katalin Kariko met another struggling researcher, the American
immunologist Drew Weissman, as they queued to copy scientific papers at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn).
Due to the lack of funding for their work, the two scientists found a common scientific interest and decided to
cooperate. Then they jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. But while both scientists endured
years of professional struggle on the way to the huge approval, Kariko had to overcome greater difficulties than
Weissman.
Kariko worked in a few different research jobs before landing a junior position at the University of
Pennsylvania. And for many years her career at the UPenn was fragile. She migrated from lab to lab, relying on one
senior scientist after another to take her in. She never made more than $60,000 a year. She struggled to raise the
funding essential for a scientific career and never had a stable position. Kariko said she endured being made fun of
by university colleagues for her dogged pursuit. In 2013, she was kicked out from UPenn — forced to retire. She
said in an interview that the university told her that she was unfit for her work. Yet the scientist’s commitment to
her work did not falter. “When I was terminated (终止), I didn’t feel sorry for myself,” she said. “I have to focus
all the energy on seeking out what’s next.”
In a news conference held at UPenn, she encouraged young scientists to love learning to solve problems and to
be prepared for failure. Researchers in her field are full of admiration for her generosity and persistence. “She is
really the soul of perseverance and what it takes to be a great researcher,” Elliot Barnathan, a cardiologist who hired
Kariko, said.
4．What was the difficulty that Kariko faced at the UPenn?
A．Little support. B．Being laughed at.
C．Working in different jobs. D．Migrating from place to place.
5．What does the underlined word “falter” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Weaken. B．Quit. C．Fail. D．Insist.
6．How did Kariko respond to her termination from UPenn?
A．She retired from her scientific work. B．She sought revenge against the university.
C．She focused on finding new opportunities. D．She became discouraged by the challenges.
7．Why does the author write the text?
A．To tell Kariko’s story. B．To show Kariko’s hardship.
C．To list Kariko’s achievements. D．To highlight Kariko’s persistence.
【答案】4．A 5．A 6．C 7．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了科学家Kariko在研究之路上遭遇重重困难，但是她不放弃，
而是一直坚持自己的工作，不懈寻找机会，最终取得了成功。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And for many years her career at the UPenn was fragile. She migrated from lab
to lab, relying on one senior scientist after another to take her in. She never made more than $ 60,000 a year. She
struggled to raise the funding essential for a scientific career and never had a stable position. (多年来，她在宾夕
法尼亚大学的职业生涯都很不牢固。她从一个实验室搬到另一个实验室，依靠一个又一个资深科学家收留
她。她的年收入从未超过6万美元。她努力筹集科学事业所必需的资金，从未有过稳定的职位)”可知，
Kariko在宾夕法尼亚大学面临的困难是没有稳定可靠的资金进行科学事业，即获得的支持很少。故选A
项。
5．词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“She said in an interview that the university told her that she was unfit for
her work. (她在一次采访中说，学校告诉她，她不适合她的工作)”和表示转折意义的“Yet”可推知，虽然学
校认为Kariko不适合这份工作，但是她依然忠于自己的工作，对工作的投入并未减弱，falter意思应该是
“减弱，衰弱”，与weaken意思相近。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中““When I was terminated (终止), I didn’t feel sorry for myself,” she said. “I
have to focus all the energy on seeking out what’s next.” (“当我被解雇时，我没有为自己感到难过，”她说。
“我必须把所有的精力都集中在寻找下一步。”)”可知，在Kariko被宾夕法尼亚大学解雇后，她并不难
过，而是专注于寻找新的机会。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“But while both scientists endured years of professional struggle
on the way to the huge approval, Kariko had to overcome greater difficulties than Weissman. (但是，虽然两位科
学家在获得巨大批准的道路上经历了多年的职业斗争，但Kariko必须克服比Weissman更大的困难)”和最后
一段中““She is really the soul of perseverance and what it takes to be a great researcher,” Elliot Barnathan, a
cardiologist who hired Kariko, said. (雇用Kariko的心脏病专家Elliot Barnathan说：“她真的是坚持不懈的灵
魂，具备成为一名伟大研究人员所需要的东西”)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家Kariko在研究之路上的困
难，突出了她一直坚持自己的工作，不懈寻找机会的科研精神。由此推知，作者写这篇文章是为了突出
Kariko的坚持不懈。故选D项。
2.【2024届河南省鹤壁市高中高三第二次模拟试题】
Saying farewell to someone you love, even for a night, can be difficult, much less saying goodbye for a
lifetime or forever in death. Juliet bid Romeo adieu (再见) for the evening with the words, “Parting is such sweet
sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships.
Relationships are based on feelings, emotions, and passion. Deep friendships and loving relationships are
measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time. People spend time with the people
they like. The more one person likes another person, the closer the relationship becomes. Each person in the
relationship receives an emotional benefit from knowing the other person.Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your emotional identity.
Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause
sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.
The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close relationship. The time spent
together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings. We
seek the love and comfort of other people. Loneliness devastates the human condition and leads to sadness. Sad
people will do anything they can to find fulfilling relationships. Likewise, happy people will do anything they can
to maintain or enhance relationships. Herein lies the essential point of the emotional problem.
The more intense relationships become, the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt upon separation.
The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing the overwhelming loss of a deep
emotional connection.
Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of
the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. If it doesn’t hurt to say goodbye, perhaps it wasn’t worth
saying hello.
8．Which of the word group can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”?
A．icy cold B．clicking sound C．deafening silence D．endless speech
9．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life.
B．The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow.
C．A person’s identity is connected with relationship.
D．Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye.
10．What gives a person emotional satisfaction in social life?
A．Making more communication with others.
B．Building deep emotional connections with others.
C．Comforting friends with love and intense feelings.
D．Being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes.
11．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships.
B．The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.
C．Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment.
D．Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it.
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文,通过莎翁戏剧著名台词“Parting is such sweet sorrow”引出对人际关系的讨论，
阐述分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in thecontext of relationships.(甜蜜的悲伤是一种矛盾修辞法。但这种看似矛盾的现象在人际关系中却是真实存在
的。)”可知，本句中sweet sorrow是一种矛盾的修辞方法。C选项中“deafening silence(震耳欲聋的沉默)”与
题干中的“甜蜜的悲伤”一致，构成的是修辞的方式是矛盾的修饰方式。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep
emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.(与你有深
厚情感联系的人分离，即使是暂时的缺席，都会带来悲伤，因为你将无法再享受他们的陪伴。)”可知，分
离是告别时悲伤的部分。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of
emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time,(深厚的友谊和爱的关系是由情感依恋的水平来衡量的。情
绪会随着时间的推移而加剧)”以及第四段中“The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if
that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings.(一起度过的时光在情感上是有益的，尤其是如果那
个人被视为灵魂伴侣。人类是社会生物)” 可知，一起度过的时光在情感上是有益的即与他人建立深厚的情
感联系能使人在社交生活中获得情感上的满足。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。 通读全文以及根据最后一段中“Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as
you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. (尽可
能地享受和你在一起的人的陪伴；知道在一段关系结束时你会感受到的痛苦是衡量这段关系的真正标准。
如果说再见无伤大雅，那也许不值得说你好)”可知，文章通过“告别”带给人看似矛盾的情感体验这一现
象，通过对比等手段，深入分析了痛苦这种情感体验在人际关系疏密中的作用。B选项“The pain of
separation is the measure of relationships.(分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度。)”概括文章主要内容。故选B。
3.【2024届四川省绵阳南山中学高三二诊热身模拟试题】
Soaring to 29, 035 feet, the famous Mount Everest had long been considered unclimbable due to the freezing
weather, the obvious potential fall from cliffs and the effects of the extreme high altitude, often called “mountain
sickness.” But that was to be changed by Edmund Hillary.
When he was invited to join the British Everest expedition in 1953, Edmund Hillary was a highly capable
climber. The glacier-covered peaks in his hometown in New Zealand proved a perfect training ground for the
Himalaya. It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the peak of fitness.
On May 28, 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, an experienced Sherpa (夏尔巴人), set out and
reached the South Summit by 9 a.m. next day. But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in
a rocky spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its
extreme pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome
this enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step.
At 11: 30 a. m., the two men found themselves standing at the top of the world. “Not until we were about 50
feet of the top was I ever completely convinced that we were actually going to reach the summit.” Hillary later
recounted, “Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first thought was a little bit of surprise.After all, this is the ambition of all mountaineers.”
Emerging as the first to summit Mount Everest, Hillary continued by helping explore Antarctica, and
establishing the Himalayan Trust (信托基金), through which he provided a number of beneficial services to the
Himalayan peoples. He also left a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since. As a young
climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all of humanity.
Suddenly, all of us could go.”
24．What made Edmund Hillary a capable climber on the 1953 expedition?
A．His undisputed reputation. B．His previous training on Mount Everest.
C．His remarkable physical condition. D．His exceptional ability to adapt to the cold.
25．What does the Hillary Step refer to?
A．A steep spur of rock Hillary conquered. B．An ax Hillary used to scratch snow.
C．A mistake Hillary avoided making. D．A sudden fall of a ridge Hillary skipped.
26．What was Hillary’s initial feeling upon reaching the summit of Mount Everest?
A．Overwhelming joy. B．A touch of astonishment.
C．Complete disbelief. D．Enormous pride.
27．What was the impact of Hillary’s achievement on mountaineering?
A．It led to friendly regulations for mountaineering.
B．It left financial benefits for climbers to pursue.
C．It enabled him to give back to his hometown.
D．It opens up possibilities for other climbers.
【答案】24．C 25．A 26．B 27．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了登山者Edmund Hillary攀登珠峰的尝试以及他对后人的影响。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“It was his fourth Himalayan expedition in just over two years and he was at the
peak of fitness.(这是他在两年多的时间里第四次去喜马拉雅探险，他正处于健康的巅峰。)”可知，是卓越的
身体状况让Edmund Hillary在1953年的探险中成为一名有能力的登山者。故选C。
25．词句猜测题。根据第三段“But after that, the ridge (山脊) slightly fell before rising suddenly in a rocky
spur (尖坡) about 17 meters high just before the true summit. The formation is difficult to climb due to its extreme
pitch because a mistake would be deadly. Scratching at the snow with his ax, Hillary managed to overcome this
enormous obstacle, later to be known as the Hillary Step.(但在那之后，山脊稍微下降，然后在真正的顶峰前突
然上升到一个大约17米高的岩石岬。由于其极端的俯仰，这个阵型很难攀爬，因为一个错误将是致命的。
希拉里用斧头刨雪，克服了这个巨大的障碍，后来被称为“希拉里台阶”。)”可知，“希拉里台阶”指的
是希拉里征服的一处陡峭的岩尖。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Of course I was very, very pleased to be on the summit, but my first
thought was a little bit of surprise.(当然，我非常非常高兴能登上顶峰，但我的第一个想法是有点惊讶。)”可
知，希拉里登上珠穆朗玛峰的第一感觉有点惊讶。故选B。27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“He also left a sizeable legacy that mountain climbers have chased ever since.
As a young climber said, “It was not just Hillary and Tenzing that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was all
of humanity. Suddenly, all of us could go.”(他还留下了一笔可观的遗产，登山者们一直在追逐。正如一位年
轻的登山者所说，“登上珠穆朗玛峰顶峰的不只是希拉里和Tenzing。这是全人类。突然间，我们所有人都
可以去了。”)”可知，希拉里的成就为其他登山者提供了可能性。故选D。
4.【宁夏石嘴山市第三中学2023-2024学年高三试题】
On Wednesday, two things happened. In Syria, 80 people were killed by government airstrikes. Meanwhile, in
Florida, Elon Musk’s SpaceX successfully launched and fired a sports car into space. Guess which story has
dominated mainstream news sites?
The launch of Musk’s Falcon Heavy rocket, the most powerful ever launched by a private company, went off
successfully. Musk sent his cherry-red Tesla roadster running toward Mars, launching “a new space age”. The event
attracted phenomenal publicity and made the rocket launch a masterstroke of advertising for Tesla.
Meanwhile, in Syria, where hundreds of thousands of refugees(难民) may be forced to return to unsafe homes,
a UN human rights coordinator for Syria said despondently(沮丧地) that he was no longer sure why he bothers to
videotape the effects of bombing, since nobody ever pays attention. He wondered what level of violence it would
take to make the world care.
There is, perhaps, no better way to appreciate the tragedy of 21st-century global inequality than by watching a
billionaire spend $90m launching a $100,000 car into space.
Musk said he wanted to participate in a space race because “races are exciting” and that while strapping his car
to a rocket may be “silly and fun … silly and fun things are important”. Thus, anyone who mentions the huge waste
the project involves, or the various social uses to which these resources could be put, can be dismissed as a killjoy.
But one doesn’t have to hate fun to question the justification for pursuing a costly new space race at exactly
this moment. If we examine the situation honestly, it becomes hard to defend a project like this.
A mission to Mars does indeed sound exciting, but it’s important to have our priorities straight. First, perhaps
we could make it so that a child no longer dies of malaria every two minutes. Or we could try to address the level of
poverty in Alabama which has become so extreme that the UN investigator did not believe it could occur in a first-
world country. Perhaps when violence, poverty and disease are solved, then we can head for the stars.
Many might think that what Elon Musk chooses to do with his billions is Elon Musk’s business alone. If he
wanted to spend all his money on medicine for children, that would be nice, but if he’d like to spend it making big
explosions and sending his convertible on a million-mile space voyage, that’s his right.
But Musk is only rich enough to afford these money-consuming projects because we have allowed social
inequalities to arise in the first place. If wealth were actually distributed fairly in this country, nobody would be in a
position to fund his own private space program.
Elon Musk is right: silly and fun things are important. But some of them are an indefensible waste of
resources. While there are still humanitarian crises such as that in Syria, nobody can justify vast spending onrocketry experiments.
37．Why does the writer mention the two pieces of news at the beginning of the passage?
A．To illustrate the inequality of wealth distribution and the consequent inequality of attention distribution.
B．To highlight the significance of SpaceX’s successful launch of a rocket and a car into space.
C．To appeal to the government for more attention to the air strikes and refugee crisis in Syria.
D．To find out which news dominated the mainstream news sites.
38．Why did the UN human rights coordinator for Syria feel disappointed?
A．Because nobody appreciated his work and all the efforts he made.
B．Because the violence in Syria is not serious enough to make the world care.
C．Because however hard he tried, nobody seemed to care about the situation in Syria.
D．Because he had great difficulty videotaping the effects of bombing.
39．What is implied in Paragraph 6 and 7?
A．The space project of SpaceX cost the government too much money.
B．It kills the fun to question the justification of the pursuit of space programs.
C．Space programs are a waste of money that cannot be justified.
D．Addressing problems of violence, poverty and diseases should be our top priority.
40．What does the writer mainly want to tell us?
A．We should pay equal attention to space projects and solving social problems.
B．No private companies should be allowed to spend money in rocketry experiments.
C．The money and resources used in space projects could have been used to deal with various social
problems.
D．Elon Musk should be blamed for misleading the public.
【答案】37．A 38．C 39．D 40．C
【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过两条新闻的对比，引起人们对社会财富分配不公的关注。作者认为 解
决世界上的暴力、贫穷和疾病等问题是我们要首先考虑的事情。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“On Wednesday, two things happened. In Syria, 80 people were killed by
government airstrikes. Meanwhile, in Florida, Elon Musk’s SpaceX successfully launched and fired a sports car
into space. Guess which story has dominated mainstream news sites? (周三，发生了两件事。在叙利亚，政府的
空袭造成80人死亡。与此同时，在佛罗里达州，埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）的SpaceX成功地将一辆跑车
发射到太空。猜猜哪个故事占据了主流新闻网站？)”和第二段“The launch of Musk’s Falcon Heavy rocket,
the most powerful ever launched by a private company, went off successfully. Musk sent his cherry-red Tesla
roadster running toward Mars, launching “a new space age”. The event attracted phenomenal publicity and made
the rocket launch a masterstroke of advertising for Tesla.( 马斯克的猎鹰重型火箭（Falcon Heavy）发射成功，
这是私人公司发射的最强大的火箭。马斯克向火星发送了他的樱桃红色特斯拉跑车，开启了“新的太空时
代”。该活动吸引了大量的宣传，并使火箭发射成为特斯拉广告的一大亮点。)”以及第三段的“ a UNhuman rights coordinator for Syria said despondently(沮丧地) that he was no longer sure why he bothers to
videotape the effects of bombing, since nobody ever pays attention. (联合国叙利亚人权协调员沮丧地说，他不
确定为什么要费心拍摄轰炸的影响，因为从来没有人关注。)”可知，第二条新闻吸引了惊人的注意力，第
一条新闻却几乎无人关注。因此可以推断，作者提到这两条新闻是为了说明说明财富分配的不平等以及由
此引起的注意力分配的不平等。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“a UN human rights coordinator for Syria said despondently(沮丧地) that he was
no longer sure why he bothers to videotape the effects of bombing, since nobody ever pays attention. (联合国叙利
亚人权协调员沮丧地说，他不确定为什么要费心拍摄轰炸的影响，因为从来没有人关注。)”可知，叙利亚
的联合国人权协调员感到很沮丧，是因为他觉得不管他怎么努力，似乎没有人关心叙利亚的局势。故选
C。
39．推理判断题。根据第六段“If we examine the situation honestly, it becomes hard to defend a project like
this.(如果我们诚实地审视形势，就很难为这样的项目辩护。)”和第七段“A mission to Mars does indeed
sound exciting, but it’s important to have our priorities straight. First, perhaps we could make it so that a child no
longer dies of malaria every two minutes. Or we could try to address the level of poverty in Alabama which has
become so extreme that the UN investigator did not believe it could occur in a first-world country. Perhaps when
violence, poverty and disease are solved, then we can head for the stars. (前往火星的任务听起来确实令人兴奋，
但明确我们的优先事项很重要。首先，也许我们可以做到每两分钟一个孩子不再死于疟疾。或者，我们可
以尝试解决阿拉巴马州的贫困水平，该州的贫困程度已变得如此极端，以至于联合国调查人员不相信这可
能发生在第一世界国家。也许当暴力、贫困和疾病得到解决时，我们就能走向星空。)”可知，在第六段和
第七段，作者认为解决暴力、贫穷和疾病问题应是我们优先考虑的事情。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据文章第七段“First, perhaps we could make it so that a child no longer dies of malaria
every two minutes. Or we could try to address the level of poverty in Alabama which has become so extreme that
the UN investigator did not believe it could occur in a first-world country. Perhaps when violence, poverty and
disease are solved, then we can head for the stars. (首先，也许我们可以做到每两分钟一个孩子不再死于疟疾。
或者，我们可以尝试解决阿拉巴马州的贫困水平，该州的贫困程度已变得如此极端，以至于联合国调查人
员不相信这可能发生在第一世界国家。也许当暴力、贫困和疾病得到解决时，我们就能走向星空。)”，第
九段“If wealth were actually distributed fairly in this country, nobody would be in a position to fund his own
private space program. (如果财富在这个国家得到公平分配，就没有人有资格为自己的私人太空计划提供资
金了。)”和最后一段“But some of them are an indefensible waste of resources. (但是其中一些是毫无道理的资
源浪费。)”可知，作者认为社会上财富分配不公，一方面资源和财富被浪费，另一方面还存在贫困、疾
病、暴力等社会问题。因此推断作者想要告诉我们的是：用于太空项目的资金和资源是浪费，这些资源本
可以首先用来解决社会上的贫困、疾病、暴力等社会问题。故选C。
5.【新疆乌鲁木齐市第十二中学2023-2024学年高三试题】
My senior years, I can’t believe it is almost over. Now when I look back, it was stressful, but exciting, the ball,graduation, and then of course, college.
I started applying for my college months before Christmas. My parents told me it would be smart if I set up
interviews and tours. But I wasn’t motivated. I wanted to go to college, but I didn’t want to deal with the stress.
As the days flew by, my applications lay on my desk just as I had left them three months before. “You are
wasting valuable time,” my parents complained. Sweeping away the gathered dust on the applications, I worked on
them every Sunday until I finished. Next came writing the essays. I had many ideas, but every school had different
requirements. I changed them until I was pleased. Finally, everything was underway.
Now I just had to wait. In March, I started receiving letters of rejection. I began to think that I had set myself
up for disappointment. I had a letter from Salem State College starting that they wanted to see my grades before
they made their decision. Yes! At least someone wanted to consider me. At the beginning of April, I received a letter
from Keens State. Those opening words: “We regret to inform you…” made me sit down and cry. I had lost all
hope. Then I heard from Plymouth State. Not my first choice, but…I had been accepted. Maybe if I get my grades
up, I can choose another school…
The college application hurt me deeply. All my friends had dozens of schools to choose from. I guess my
parents were right. High school grades are undoubtedly important to your future plans. If I could do it all over
again, I would take it more seriously.
4．What does the sentence “We regret to inform you…” mean?
A．The writer was accepted by the college.
B．The writer couldn’t go to college forever.
C．The writer couldn’t go to any college.
D．The writer was rejected by the college.
5．From the last paragraph, we know the writer felt ________.
A．honorable B．regretful（遗憾的）
C．hopeless D．happy
6．From the text, we know that ________.
A．the writer didn’t go to a college
B．the writer thought senior years was easy
C．the writer didn’t desire to go to college.
D．the writer didn’t prepare interviews actively
7．Why was the writer rejected by many colleges?
A．He didn’t choose a good college.
B．He got bad grades in senior years.
C．He wanted to deal with the stress.
D．Every school had different requirements.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．D 7．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了作者高中毕业以后申请大学的过程。这次大学申请深深地伤害了作
者，最后作者感悟到高中成绩对未来的重要性，如果再有一次机会，作者会更加认真地对待高中成绩。
4．词句猜测题。 根据倒数第二段“Those opening words: “We regret to inform you…” made me sit down and
cry. I had lost all hope. Then I heard from Plymouth State. Not my first choice, but…I had been accepted. Maybe if
I get my grades up, I can choose another school…”（那些开场白:“我们很遗憾地通知你……”让我坐下来哭
泣。 我失去了所有的希望。 然后我收到了普利茅斯大学的来信。 虽然不是我的首选，但我被录取了。
也许如果我的成绩提高了，我可以选择另一所学校…… ）可知作者没有被这所学校录取，即作者被这
所学校拒绝了。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The college application hurt me deeply. All my friends had dozens of schools to
choose from. I guess my parents were right. High school grades are undoubtedly important to your future plans. If I
could do it all over again, I would take it more seriously.”（大学申请深深地伤害了我。 我所有的朋友都有几
十所学校可供选择。 我想我父母是对的。 高中成绩对你未来的计划无疑是很重要的。 如果可以重来一
次，我会更认真对待）可知作者感到很遗憾。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“But I wasn’t motivated. I wanted to go to college, but I didn’t want to deal with
the stress.”（但我没有动力。 我想上大学，但我不想应对压力）和第三段“As the days flew by, my
applications lay on my desk just as I had left them three months before.”（日子一天天过去，我的申请表还像三
个月前离开时一样躺在我的桌子上）可知作者没有积极准备面试。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段“I had a letter from Salem State College starting that they wanted to see my grades
before they made their decision.”（我收到了塞勒姆州立学院的一封信，信上说他们想在做出决定之前看看我
的成绩）和最后一段“High school grades are undoubtedly important to your future plans.”（高中成绩对你未来
的计划无疑是很重要的）可知高中成绩对大学申请很重要，作者之所以被许多学校拒绝是因为高中成绩不
好。故选B。
6.【四川省成都市树德中学2023-2024学年高三试题】
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely deserves additional praise: the
man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the
Civil War. H. B．Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly
with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the
surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the
most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been
kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people
hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered thenovel “trash and suitable only for the slums (贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the
character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the
novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it. )
But the attacks were and are silly — and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search
through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed
out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the
voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”
There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of
even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等
的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave
gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby
by his wife. The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the
education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes
and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the
black man that provided the stuff of prejudice — manner of speech, for example — were, to Twain, indicative of
nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his
autobiography about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men
performing in black-face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think
Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen
awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist? Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we
read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we
will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to
free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the
nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
12．How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?
A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism.
B．Twain was openly concerned with racism.
C．Twain’s themes seemed to agree with the plots.
D．Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.
13．What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author?
A．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
B．The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.C．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
D．Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.
14．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A．The attacks. B．The shows. C．White men. D．Slavery and prejudice.
15．What does the author mainly argue for?
A．Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
B．Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.
C．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
D．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过研究马克·吐温的作品，来判定他是否是一名种族主义者。作者列举了
大量事实，说明了马克·吐温是名反对种族主义的斗士，反驳了别人那些错误的观点。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These
early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice
into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing
them into the story.(H. B.斯托的《汤姆叔叔的小屋》只是最著名的例子。这些早期故事直接与奴隶制有关。
除了一些小的例外，吐温把他对奴隶制和偏见的攻击植入了一些表面上完全不同的故事中。他通过把读者
引入故事来吸引他们加入辩论)”可知，吐温关于奴隶制的小说与斯托的不同之处在于吐温对种族主义的攻
击就没那么公开。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for
the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim
was a first in American fiction — a recognition that the slave had two personalities, ‘the voice of survival within a
white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.’(这部小说强烈反对奴隶制。吉姆
在蓄奴州寻找他被迫与之分离的家庭是英勇的。正如J.查德威克所指出的，吉姆这个角色是美国小说中的
第一个角色——承认奴隶有两种性格，‘在白人奴隶文化中生存的声音和个人的声音：吉姆，父亲和男
人。’)”可推出，吉姆在白人文化中成长为一个男人和一个父亲，作者认为这最好地证明了吐温反对奴隶
制的立场。故选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing
reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.(然而，我们没
有理由认为吐温认为这些表演代表了现实。他对奴隶制和偏见的频繁抨击表明，他敏锐地意识到它们并非
如此)”可知，划线词they是指代上文中的表演。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely
deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.(马克·吐温被称为美国小
说的发明者。他当然应该得到额外的赞扬：他让对种族主义的巧妙的文学攻击得以普及)”和最后一段中
“And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nationover racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.(吐温在一个蓄
奴州长大，曾短暂当兵，还是吉姆的创作者，他可能比上个世纪的任何小说家都更能激起美国人对种族不
平等的愤怒，更能唤醒美国人的集体良知)”可知，作者主要论证了在抨击种族主义方面，吐温比同时代的
作家做得更多。故选D。
7.【2024届贵州省六校联盟高三联考二模试题】
Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse has just been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his
“innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”.
The Swedish Academy credits Fosse as “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”,
although the 64-year-old originally made his name as a novelist, beginning with Red, Black in 1983. He has since
written many works of prose and poetry. “His literary works, spanning a variety of genres, comprise about 40 plays
and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations,” said Anders Olsson, chairman
of the Nobel Committee for Literature.
Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles, which have deeply
influenced his distinctive writing style. Growing up in a small coastal village, Fossed was immersed in the beauty
of nature and the vastness of the sea, which filled him with a sense of solitude and introspection (内省). Fosse’s
writing discussed themes of loneliness, longing, and the search for meaning in life. Additionally, his battles with
depression have enabled him to explore the depths of human emotions.
“He touches you so deeply when you read his works,” said Anders Olsson. “What is special about him is the
closeness in his writing. It touches your deepest feelings — anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death —
which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning. In that sense I think he reaches
very far and there is a sort of a universal impact of everything that he writes— it has appeal to this basic humanity.”
Fosse is the first-ever laureate writing in Nynorsk, one of the two official languages of Norwegian, but only
used by just 10% of the population. Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility and importance of
Nynorsk as a written standard. It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and encourage Nynorsk
speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic heritage.
4．What do we know about Jon Fosse according to this passage?
A．He has written 40 literature works so far.
B．He was originally famous as a playwright.
C．His most popular work is the play Red, Black.
D．He accomplished various genres of literature works.
5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Jon Fosse’s tough experiences.
B．Jon Fosse’s motivation for writing.
C．The major themes of Jon Fosse’s works.D．The effect of life experiences on Jon Fosse’s writing.
6．How does Anders Olsson think of Jon Fosse’s works?
A．Far-reaching and touching B．Complex and meaningful.
C．Appealing and abstract. D．Interesting and emotional.
7．What Jon Fosse’s contribution is mentioned in the passage?
A．He explains the importance of linguistic diversity.
B．He has improved the international status of Norway.
C．He promotes the development and preservation of Nynorsk.
D．He shapes the basic writing standard of Norwegian literature.
【答案】4．D 5．D 6．A 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。挪威剧作家兼作家Jon Fosse被授予2023年诺贝尔文学奖。文章主要介绍了
他的文学特点以及文学成就。
4． 细节理解题。根据第二段中““His literary works, spanning a variety of genres, comprises about 40 plays,
novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations,” said Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel
Committee for Literature. (诺贝尔文学奖委员会主席安德斯·奥尔森说：“他的文学作品涵盖了各种类型，包
括约40部戏剧、小说、诗集、散文、儿童书籍和翻译作品。”)”可知，Fosse写了各种体裁的文学作品。
故选D。
5．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles,
which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style. Growing up in a small coastal village, Fosse was
immersed in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea, which filled him with a sense of solitude and
introspection (内省). Fosse’s writing discussed themes of loneliness, longing, and the search for meaning in life.
Additionally, his battles with depression have enabled him to explore the depths of human emotions. (福瑟从他的
乡村生活环境和个人奋斗中获得灵感，这深深地影响了他独特的写作风格。在一个沿海小村庄长大的福
瑟，沉浸在大自然的美丽和广阔的海洋中，这使他充满了孤独和反省的感觉。福瑟的作品讨论了孤独、渴
望和寻找生命意义的主题。此外，他与抑郁症的斗争使他能够探索人类情感的深度。)”可知，第三段主要
介绍了生活经历对约恩•福瑟写作的影响。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““He touches you so deeply when you read his works,” said Anders Olsson.
“What is special about him is the closeness in his writing. It touches your deepest feelings — anxieties, insecurities,
questions of life and death — which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning. In
that sense I think he reaches very far and there is a sort of a universal impact of everything that he writes— it has
appeal to this basic humanity.” (“当你读他的作品时，他深深地触动了你，”安德斯·奥尔森说。“他与众不
同之处在于他的写作亲密无间。它触及你最深的感情——焦虑、不安全感、生与死的问题——这些都是每
个人从一开始就面对的问题。从这个意义上来说，我认为他的影响力非常深远，他所写的一切都具有某种
普遍的影响力——这对这种基本的人性具有吸引力。”)”可推知，Anders Olsson认为Jon Fosse的作品影响
深远，令人感动，故选A。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility and importance of
Nynorsk as a written standard. It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and encourage Nynorsk
speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic heritage. (Fosse在全球舞台上的认可提升了
Nynorsk作为书面标准的可见度和重要性。它将吸引更多的人关注新诺斯克文学，激励和鼓励新诺斯克语
使用者继续保护和促进他们的语言遗产。)”可知，Jon Fosse促进了尼诺斯克语的发展和保护这一贡献。故
选C。
8.【陕西省渭南市蒲城县尧山中学2023-2024学年高三试题】
The literary world has a new star. Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in
literature in recognition of his “compassionate penetration (洞察力) of the effects of colonialism (殖民主义) and
the fate of the refugee (难民)”.
Gurnah grew up in Zanzibar, an island off the coast of Tanzania. In 1964, Gurnah was forced to leave for
England as a refugee, where he began to reflect on his experiences in a diary and then through stories. Through the
years, he wrote 10 novels and stories that explore the suffering caused by war and colonialism. “The thing that
motivated the whole experience of writing for me was this idea of losing your place in the world,” Gurnah told The
New York Times.
His 1994 novel Paradise, which tells the story of a boy growing up in early 20th century Tanzania, marked his
breakthrough as a novelist and won the Booker Prize.—Afterlives, his most recent work, continues the narrative of
Paradise and takes place during the period of German colonialism in Tanzania.
Before he retired, Gurnah, 73, was a professor of English and Postcolonial Literatures at the University of
Kent in England. Although Gurnah’s first language is Swahili, he adopted English as his literary language. His
writing often contains traces of Arabic, Swahili and German, as well.
Anders Olsson, the chair of the Nobel committee, said that Gurnah “is widely recognized as one of the world’s
more preeminent post-colonial writers”.
Ethiopian-American novelist Maaza Mengiste described Gurnah’s writings as being “like a gentle blade (刀
刃) slowly moving in” “He has written work that is absolutely unfearing and yet at the same time completely
compassionate and full of heart for people of East Africa,” Mengiste said. “He is writing stories that are often quiet
stories of people who aren’t heard, but there’s an insistence there that we listen.”
4．What are Gurnah’s works mainly about?
A．The life of the people in Tanzania.
B．Effects of war and colonialism.
C．Experiences of living abroad.
D．Growth in an underdeveloped nation.
5．What do we know about Gurnah?
A．He was inspired to write by his refugee experience.B．He used to be a professor of law and literature.
C．He publishes his works in Arabic and Swahili.
D．He was not well-known until he won the Nobel Prize.
6．What does the underlined word “preeminent” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Awful. B．Outstanding. C．Potential. D．Productive.
7．What does Maaza Mengiste think of Gurnah’s writing?
A．It is elegantly written in his native language.
B．It is widely welcomed by people around the world.
C．It is powerful and employs sharp language.
D．It calls for attention to the life of the underclass.
【答案】4．B 5．A 6．B 7．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了2021年诺贝尔文学奖获得者小说家Abdulrazak Gurnah的作品内
容、写作背景及别人对其作品的评价。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in literature in
recognition of his “compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee”.(小说家
Abdulrazak Gurnah获得2021年诺贝尔文学奖，以表彰他“对殖民主义影响和难民命运富有同情心的洞
察”。)”可知，Gurnah的作品主要与战争和殖民主义的影响有关。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段“In 1964, Gurnah was forced to leave for England as a refugee, where he began to
reflect on his experiences in a diary and then through stories. Through the years, he wrote 10 novels and stories that
explore the suffering caused by war and colonialism.(1964年，Gurnah被迫以难民身份前往英国，在那里他开
始通过日记和故事来反思自己的经历。多年来，他写了10部小说和故事，探讨战争和殖民主义造成的苦
难。)”可知，Gurnah的难民经历激发了他写作的灵感。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in literature in
recognition of his “compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee”.(小说家
Abdulrazak Gurnah获得2021年诺贝尔文学奖，以表彰他“对殖民主义影响和难民命运富有同情心的洞
察”。)”以及第五段“Anders Olsson, the chair of the Nobel committee, said that Gurnah “is widely recognized
as one of the world’s more preeminent post-colonial writers”.(诺贝尔委员会主席Anders Olsson表示，
Gurnah“被公认为世界上preeminent的后殖民作家之一”。)”可知，Gurnah得到世界认可，获得了诺贝尔文
学奖，所以他是一位杰出的小说家，推测划线单词表示“杰出的”，与outstanding同义。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He is writing stories that are often quiet stories of people who aren’t heard, but
there’s an insistence there that we listen.(他写的故事通常都是一些不为人知的人的故事，但他坚持让我们倾
听。)”可知，Maaza Mengiste认为Gurnah的作品讲述的是那些不为人知的人，呼吁人们关注下层阶级的生
活。故选D项。9.【2024届四川省攀枝花市高三第二次统考试题】
In spring 2015, after 39 years with Columbia Pictures, I retired and found myself with lots of free time to
spare.
I decided to use that time to volunteer. While tutoring with the adult literacy program at my local library, an
advertising flyer for a neighborhood group called Westchester Villages caught my eye. Its main job is about
matching aging neighbors with local volunteers who help them in a number of different ways: Making short visits,
being a walking partner, or driving to doctors’ appointments and the like.
I am happy to offer myself as a responsible person and a comfort to someone who is nervous about their
appointment and concerned about getting there safely on time. I’ m usually available to stay with the person I’m
driving during their visit and accompany them back to my car for the ride home. These drives also can be ideal
times for relaxing conversation. I’ve had many discussions with them, discovered many common interests, and
heard numerous extended stories of past travels and family histories.
I often begin rides by comforting a nervous neighbor by calmly saying, “I know where we’re going, the most
direct route, and the best place to park. You’re in good hands with me.” These driving experiences also have
afforded me opportunities for reflection. I’ve come to feel united with the neighbors I have come to know, and a
more eager awareness of the aging process we all share. In living through so much time with them, I realize I’m
going through the same stages.
A final irony (讽刺) for this movie lover is that I no longer need to go to a darkened theatre and gaze at a big
screen in search of high drama. Whether it’s a World War II-era family story or anxiety about current events or
good news from a doctor, I experience all from a definitely front row seat.
4．What did the author decide to do during his free time?
A．Work as a librarian. B．Give rides for elderly people.
C．Making short visits to sick people. D．Play matches with aging neighbors.
5．Which of the following can best describe the author?
A．Creative and competent. B．Talented and warm-hearted.
C．Devoted and considerate. D．Ambitious and hard-working.
6．What might the author’s driving experiences remind him of?
A．His own aging process. B．A driver’s responsibility.
C．The value of conversations. D．Passengers’ words of comfort.
7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The author has been anxious about his health.
B．The author has no interest in dramas anymore.
C．The author prefers watching movies from a front row.
D．The author has found a new way of experiencing life.【答案】4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述作者作为志愿者帮助老人的经历，让他找到了一种新的生活体验方式。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“In spring 2015, after 39 years with Columbia Pictures, I retired and found myself
with lots of free time to spare.”（2015年春天，在哥伦比亚电影公司工作了39年之后，我退休了，发现自己
有很多空闲时间。）及第三段前三句“I am happy to offer myself as a responsible person and a comfort to
someone who is nervous about their appointment and concerned about getting there safely on time. I’ m usually
available to stay with the person I’m driving during their visit and accompany them back to my car for the ride
home. These drives also can be ideal times for relaxing conversation.”（我很高兴自己是一个负责任的人，并为
那些对预约感到紧张并担心能否安全准时到达的人提供安慰。在他们去看医生期间，我通常可以陪在他们
身边，并陪他们上车回家。这些车程也可以是放松谈话的理想时间。）可知，作者决定在他的空闲时间给
年迈的邻居提供免费搭车服务。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“I am happy to offer myself as a responsible person and a comfort to
someone who is nervous about their appointment and concerned about getting there safely on time. I’ m usually
available to stay with the person I’m driving during their visit and accompany them back to my car for the ride
home.”（我很高兴自己是一个负责任的人，并为那些对预约感到紧张并担心能否安全准时到达的人提供安
慰。在他们去看医生期间，我通常可以陪在他们身边，并陪他们上车回家。）及第四段前两句“I often
begin rides by comforting a nervous neighbor by calmly saying, “I know where we’re going, the most direct route,
and the best place to park. You’re in good hands with me.””（开车之前，我经常安抚紧张的邻居，平静地说：
“我知道我们要去哪里，最直接的路线，最好的停车地点。”有我在，你会得到很好的照顾。”）可知，
作者是全心投入到志愿者工作中，同时对老人也是非常体贴。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段后三句“These driving experiences also have afforded me opportunities for
reflection. I’ve come to feel united with the neighbors I have come to know, and a more eager awareness of the
aging process we all share. In living through so much time with them, I realize I’m going through the same
stages.”（这些驾驶经历也给了我反思和洞察的机会。我开始感觉到我和我所认识的邻居们团结在一起，并
且更加敏锐地意识到我们共同的衰老过程。和他们一起生活了这么长时间，我意识到我也在经历同样的阶
段。）可知，作者的驾驶经历会让他想到自己的衰老过程。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A final irony for this movie lover is that I no longer need to go to a darkened
theatre and gaze at a big screen in search of high drama. Whether it’s a World War II-era family story or anxiety
about current events or good news from a doctor, I experience all from a definitely front row seat.”（对我这个电
影爱好者来说，最后的讽刺是，我再也不需要去昏暗的电影院，盯着大屏幕寻找精彩的剧情了。无论是第
二次世界大战时期的家庭故事，还是对时事的焦虑，还是医生的好消息，我绝对是优先体验到的。）可
知，作者通过客人身上的故事，找到了一种新的体验生活的方式。故选D项。
10.【2024届四川省绵阳市高三第二次诊断性考试试卷】“If you’re Italian and Swedish, and Daddy’s Italian and Polish,” my 7-year-old daughter asked, “does that
mean I’m part Swedish, Polish and Italian?”
“Well, not exactly...” I tried to think on my feet. Clearly it was time to explain some complicated things.
My daughter arrived by using a donated egg (卵子). I carried her to term, but she carries all her genes from my
husband and the donor. Any similarities we share are a result of nurture rather than nature. I often experienced a
sense of shame, as if I had cheated nature. I also feared that my daughter would feel disconnected or pull away
from me once she knew everything.
However, we didn’t want the information to come from anyone but us. I had referred to many related
researches and results showing such families have better outcomes when parents tell kids about their special arrival
early on, ideally by the time they’re 7 years old. On the day when she asked the question, I bought a book You
Began as a Wish by Kim Bergman, which talks about all the different ways kids come.
After reading together, we talked a little longer about the different kinds of families we knew. I could see
recognition in her warm brown eyes. “Could I be French? I love the Eiffel Tower and croissant (羊角面包)”, she
asked expectantly. I thought back to the information of the donor application.” “Actually, I think you are a little bit
French.”
“Yes!” She pumped her fist in the air.
I know this is only the very beginning of these conversations, and things may be more complicated for my
family from now on. But we get to work through whatever complications’ arise together, without secrecy or shame.
4．What does the underlined phrase “think on my feet” possibly mean?
A．Lie easily. B．Respond carefully. C．Treat it casually. D．Run away quickly.
5．What does the writer describe in the third paragraph?
A．Her misfortune. B．Her plan. C．Her upset. D．Her regret.
6．How did the writer possibly get prepared to solve the problem?
A．Discussing openly. B．Reading widely.
C．Waiting patiently. D．Thinking wisely.
7．What kind of family does the writer have?
A．Open and trustful. B．Happy and hardworking.
C．Rich and caring. D．Brave and humorous.
【答案】4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者女儿是用被捐赠的卵子孕育的，一天女儿问及自己是哪国人
时，作者好好的思考了一番，通过和女儿阅读一本书来认识的不同类型的家庭，让女儿明白了自己的身
份，不怕家庭秘密被知晓，家人间没有秘密和羞耻。
4．词句猜测题。由第一段““If you’re Italian and Swedish, and Daddy’s Italian and Polish,” my 7-year-old
daughter asked, “does that mean I’m part Swedish, Polish and Italian?” (“如果你是意大利人和瑞典人，爸爸是意大利人和波兰人，”我7岁的女儿问道，“这是否意味着我有一部分是瑞典人、波兰人和意大利
人？”)”，第二段““Well, not exactly...” I tried to think on my feet. Clearly it was time to explain some
complicated things. (“嗯，不完全是……”我努力think on my feet。显然，是时候解释一些复杂的事情了)”和
第三段“My daughter arrived by using a donated egg (卵子). (我女儿是用被捐赠的卵子孕育的)”可知，作者女
儿是用被捐赠的卵子孕育的，当女儿问及自己是哪国人时，作者认为这是一个复杂的问题，肯定要好好思
考一番，谨慎回应（Respond carefully）回应她的问题。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。由第三段“My daughter arrived by using a donated egg (卵子). I carried her to term, but she
carries all her genes from my husband and the donor. Any similarities we share are a result of nurture rather than
nature. I often experienced a sense of shame, as if I had cheated nature. I also feared that my daughter would feel
disconnected or pull away from me once she knew everything. (我女儿是用被捐赠的卵子孕育的。我把她带到
足月，但她携带了我丈夫和捐赠者的所有基因。我们的任何相似之处都是后天培养的结果，而不是天生
的。我经常感到羞愧，好像我欺骗了大自然。我还担心，一旦我女儿知道了一切，她会感到与我脱节或疏
远我。)”可知，因为作者女儿是用被捐赠的卵子孕育的，其任何相似之处都是后天培养的结果，作者时常
因此感到羞愧，作者担忧女儿知道了真相会与自己疏远，可得出第三段描述了作者的困扰（upset）。故选
C项。
6．细节理解题。由第四段“On the day when she asked the question, I bought a book You Began as a Wish by
Kim Bergman, which talks about all the different ways kids come. (在她问这个问题的那天，我买了一本金·伯格
曼的书You Began as a Wish，书中谈到了孩子们的不同成长方式。)”和第五段“After reading together, we
talked a little longer about the different kinds of families we knew. (在一起阅读后，我们（作者和女儿）聊了一
会儿我们认识的不同类型的家庭。)”可知，作者是通过广泛阅读来解决女儿提出的问题的。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。由上文和最后一段“But we get to work through whatever complications’ arise together,
without secrecy or shame. (但我们可以一起解决出现的任何复杂问题，没有秘密，也没有羞耻感。)”可知，
作者女儿是用被捐赠的卵子孕育的，一天女儿问及自己是哪国人时，作者好好的思考了一番，通过和女儿
阅读一本书来认识的不同类型的家庭，让女儿明白了自己的身份，不怕家庭秘密被知晓，家人间没有秘密
和羞耻，可得出作者的家庭思想开明且相互信任。故选A项。
11.【四川省内江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三1月试题】
This weekend, thousands of motorcyclists are riding on the Black Hills for the annual Sturgis Motorcycle Fair.
For many of them, an 8-year-old’s lemonade stand has become a popular stop.
Wyatt started the free lemonade stand last year as a way to raise some money to buy a Lego set. But on the
first day, he not only made enough cash to get his toys, but he was able to donate $200 to St. Jude Children’s
Hospital. “So now, 50 percent goes to college,” he explained. “30 percent goes to St. Jude and the rest goes to... last
year it was Legos, this year it’s a dirt bike.”
This year, Wyatt’s lemonade stand went viral after someone posted about it on social media. “I’m still trying
to figure out exactly what happened,” said his mother Robin Dennis. “This just blows my mind.”So far, the post has been shared more than 60,000 times and encouraged hundreds of bikers from all over the
U.S. to the Sturgis motorcycle rally. “He loves it,” said Robin. “He loves seeing the people. He loves waving to the
people. Even if they don’t stop, they ride by and honk their horn. He makes many friends and becomes more
confident.”
Whether he’s serving lemonade, posing for pictures, or sitting on a motorcycle, Wyatt has become something
of a local celebrity. He’s raised enough to donate $4,500 to St. Jude this year and he has no plans to pump the
brakes anytime soon.
“As long as he’s having fun doing it and it’s what he wants to do, we’ll be out here every year serving
lemonade to everyone who’s here,” his mother said.
4．Why do people stop by a lemonade stand?
A．To advocate the annual fair. B．To worship the local celebrity.
C．To support the little boy . D．To make lemonade for the charity.
5．What is Robin’s attitude toward Wyatt’s popularity?
A．Relieved. B．Moved. C．Content. D．Amazed.
6．Which is closest in meaning to “pump the brakes” in Paragraph 5?
A．Speed. B．Stop. C．Decline. D．Expand.
7．What can we learn from the story?
A．Roses given, fragrance in hand.
B．Birds of a feature flock together.
C．A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
D．Love shows more in action than in words.
【答案】4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了8岁的Wyatt在斯特吉斯机车集会上通过摆摊提供免费柠檬水来
筹钱，他的摊位已经成了一个网红点，他把筹来的一部分钱存入大学费用里，一部分捐给医院，剩下的用
来买想要的东西。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Wyatt started the free lemonade stand last year as a way to raise some money
to buy a Lego set.(Wyatt去年开设了免费柠檬水摊位，以此筹集资金购买乐高玩具。)”可知，Wyatt设置免费
柠檬水摊位是为了筹钱，由此可推测出，人们在他的摊位前停留是为了支持他。故选C。
5．观点态度题。根据第三段中的“‘I’m still trying to figure out exactly what happened,’ said his mother
Robin Dennis. ‘This just blows my mind.’(‘我仍在努力弄清楚到底发生了什么。’他的母亲Robin Dennis
说。‘这简直让我大吃一惊。’)”可知，Robin Dennis对儿子的受欢迎感到吃惊。故选D。
6．短语猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“He’s raised enough to donate $4,500 to St. Jude this year(今年，他
已经筹集到足够的资金向圣犹达捐赠4500美元)”和最后一段中的“As long as he’s having fun doing it and it’s
what he wants to do, we’ll be out here every year serving lemonade to everyone who’s here(只要他做得开心，而
且这是他想做的，我们每年都会在这里为这里的每个人提供柠檬水)”可知，今年Wyatt已经筹集了足够的钱来给医院捐赠，而且他的母亲说只要他愿意做就会一直支持他的事业，由此可推测出，Wyatt不打算停
下自己的慈善行动。pump the brakes意为“停下”，与stop意思相近。故选B。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Wyatt started the free lemonade stand last year as a way to raise
some money to buy a Lego set. But on the first day, he not only made enough cash to get his toys, but he was able
to donate $200 to St. Jude Children’s Hospital. ‘So now, 50 percent goes to college,’ he explained. ‘30 percent goes
to St. Jude and the rest goes to... last year it was Legos, this year it’s a dirt bike.’(Wyatt去年开设了免费柠檬水摊
位，以此筹集资金购买乐高玩具。但在第一天，他不仅赚了足够的钱买玩具，还向圣犹达儿童医院捐赠了
200美元。‘所以现在，50%归大学，’他解释道。‘30%归圣犹达，其余归……去年是乐高，今年是越野
摩托车。’)”可知，小男孩Wyatt一开始开设免费的柠檬水摊位是为了给自己的乐高玩具筹钱，而他筹到
足够的钱买玩具后，他还把一部分钱捐给了医院，现在他继续做这件事，来给自己存学费、给医院捐钱、
买想买的东西，由此可推测出，他的行为最能用“赠人玫瑰，手有余香”这句话来总结。故选A。
12.【四川省成都市石室中学2023-2024学年高三1月期末试题】
Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse has just been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his
“innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”.
The Swedish Academy credits Fosse as “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”,
although the 64-year-old originally made his name as a novelist, beginning with Red, Black in 1983. He has since
written many works of prose and poetry. “His literary works, spanning a variety of genres(体裁), comprises about
40 plays and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations,” said Anders Olsson,
chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature.
Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles, which have deeply
influenced his distinctive writing style. Growing up in a small coastal village, Fosse was immersed in the beauty of
nature and the vastness of the sea, which filled him with a sense of solitude and introspection(内省) that is reflected
in his works. Fosse’s writing discussed themes of desolateness(孤独，苍凉), longing, and the search for meaning
in life. Additionally, his battles with depression have enabled him to explore the depths of human emotions and
existential des-pair.
“He touches you so deeply when you read his works,” said Anders Olsson. “What is special about him is the
closeness in his writing. It touches your deepest feelings-anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death-which
are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning. In that sense I think he reaches very far
and there is a sort of a universal impact of every-thing that he writes-it has appeal to this basic humanity.”
Fosse is the first-ever laureate writing in Nynorsk, one of the two official languages of Norwegian, but only
used by just 10% of the population. As The Guardian writes, “Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of
national hero’ for his championing of the language.” Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility
and importance of Nynorsk as a written standard. It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and
encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic(语言的) heritage.4．What do we know about Jon Fosse from paragraph 2?
A．His most popular work is the play Red, Black.
B．He accomplished various genres of literature works.
C．Many famous plays are the inspiration for his writing.
D．His language skills earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature.
5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Jon Fosse’s tough experiences.
B．Jon Fosse’s motivation for writing.
C．The major themes of Jon Fosse’s works.
D．The effect of Jon Fosse’s life on his writing style.
6．What is special about Jon Fosse’s works according to Anders Olsson?
A．They explore the meaning of life.
B．They touch human’s deepest emotions.
C．They show the bond between humans and nature.
D．They appeal to readers to focus on personal feelings.
7．What contribution of Jon Fosse is mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．He explains the importance of linguistic diversity.
B．He has improved the international status of Norway.
C．He promotes the development and preservation of Nynorsk.
D．He shapes the basic writing standard of Norwegian literature.
【答案】4．B 5．D 6．B 7．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了挪威剧作家兼作家Jon Fosse因其“为无法言说的事物发声的创新
戏剧和散文”而获得2023年诺贝尔文学奖，并且他在各种体裁的文学作品中都有所建树。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“‘His literary works, spanning a variety of genres(体裁), comprises about 40
plays and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations,’ said Anders Olsson,
chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature. (诺贝尔文学委员会主席Anders Olsson说：‘他的文学作品涵
盖了各种类型，包括大约40部戏剧和大量的小说、诗集、散文、儿童读物和翻译作品。’。)”可知，Jon
Fosse在各种体裁的文学作品中都有所建树。故选B项。
5．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal
struggles, which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style. (Jon Fosse的创作灵感来源于他的乡村生活
环境和个人奋斗，这些都深深影响了他独特的创作风格。)”等内容可知，该段主要介绍了Jon Fosse的生活
对其写作风格的影响。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段中“What is special about him is the closeness in his writing. It touches your
deepest feelings-anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death-which are things that every human being actuallyfaces from the very beginning. (他的特别之处在于他的作品的亲密性。它触及你最深切的感受——焦虑、不
安全感、生与死的问题，这些都是每个人从一开始就面临的问题。)”可知，Jon Fosse作品的特别之处在于
其触及了人类内心最深处的情感。故选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As The Guardian writes, “Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of
national hero’ for his championing of the language.” Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility
and importance of Nynorsk as a written standard. It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and
encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic(语言的) heritage. (正如《卫
报》所写，许多说尼诺斯克语的人把Jon Fosse视为‘某种民族英雄’，因为他捍卫了这门语言。Jon Fosse
在全球舞台受到了认可，这提升了尼诺斯克语作为标准书面语的知名度和重要性。它将吸引更多的人关注
尼诺斯克语文学，激励和鼓舞尼诺斯克语使用者继续保护和弘扬他们的语言遗产。)”可知，该段讲述了Jon
Fosse促进了尼诺斯克语的发展和保护这一贡献。故选C项。
