05 人与自然之自然生态
Passage 1
（23-24 高三下·山东烟台·阶段练习）Advanced machinery has changed agriculture
greatly, but many tasks are still done by hand. Manual pickers can select and handle ripe produce
more precisely, which reduces damage, while machines require a lot of upfront ( 预付的)
investment. But in a warming world, farm labour has its own cost in the form of heat stress which
can lead to serious diseases.
Data from the EU's Earth monitoring program showed that the seven years before 2022
were the hottest on record. According to one study, at least 65 workers died from heat-related
illness on US farms between 2002 and 2021. Another study concluded that American crop workers
were 20 times more likely to die as a result of heat stress than other civilian employees.
The average number of unsafe summer working days in the US is expected to double by
2050. The threat is worse in southern Asia and western Africa, where the impact of global
warming on human health and productivity is expected to be most extreme. The accumulated
global cost in terms of output and working days lost due to heat stress is estimated to reach 2,400
billion dollars by 2030, according to the International Labour Organization.
Some countries have made laws to prevent heat illness. California was the first US state to
bring in a large number of rules to protect outdoor workers in 2005. On days above 26 degrees
Celsius, employers have to provide shelter for workers during rest periods. When temperatures
rise above 35 degrees, workers must have regular breaks. Since the rules came into force, the
number of reported deaths from environmental heat exposure in California has fallen from 10 in
2005 to 3 in 2019.
A new federal standard to fight against heat risks across the US is currently in the works (在
筹备中). But campaigners say many farm workers, especially immigrants, may be afraid to raise
concerns for fear of losing their jobs. They also worry that doctors are unaware of or may fail to
recognize the long-term damage from repeated exposure to heat stress, an ongoing threat for
millions of agricultural labourers around the world.
1．What is one advantage of manual pickers compared with advanced machinery?
A．They have a good effect on agriculture.B．They help farm crops ripen earlier.
C．They reduce the loss of agricultural produce.
D．They cut the cost of heat stress.
2．What can be learned from the studies in paragraph 2?
A．The year 2022 is the hottest in history.
B．American civilians are free of heat stress.
C．US workers have heat-related diseases easily.
D．American farmers have suffered from heat stress badly.
3．Why is California mentioned in the text?
A．To show the effect of laws to avoid heat-related diseases.
B．To remind us of the danger of global warming.
C．To praise the efforts to protect outdoor workers.
D．To help the farm workers to be protected.
4．What may worry farm workers according to campaigners?
A．Heat risks. B．Unemployment.
C．The new federal standard. D．Exposure to heat stress.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了农业工作中由气候变化导致的热应激对劳动者
健康的影响及部分国家采取的应对措施。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Manual pickers can select and handle ripe produce more
precisely, which reduces damage, while machines require a lot of upfront (预付的) investment.
(手动采摘机可以更精确地选择和处理成熟的农产品，从而减少损坏，而机器需要大量的前
期投资)”可知，手工采摘者相比先进机械的一个优势是能更精确地挑选和处理成熟作物，
从而减少损失。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段的“According to one study, at least 65 workers died from heat-
related illness on US farms between 2002 and 2021. Another study concluded that American crop
workers were 20 times more likely to die as a result of heat stress than other civilian employees.
(根据一项研究，2002年至2021年间，美国农场至少有65名工人死于与高温有关的疾病。
另一项研究得出结论，美国作物工人死于热应激的可能性是其他文职雇员的20倍)”可知，
至少65名工人在2002年至2021年间死于与热相关的疾病，而且美国作物工人因热应激死亡的可能性是其他平民雇员的20倍。由此可推知，这些研究显示了美国农民严重遭受热应
激影响的事实。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“California was the first US state to bring in a large number of
rules to protect outdoor workers in 2005. On days above 26 degrees Celsius, employers have to
provide shelter for workers during rest periods. When temperatures rise above 35 degrees, workers
must have regular breaks. Since the rules came into force, the number of reported deaths from
environmental heat exposure in California has fallen from 10 in 2005 to 3 in 2019.(2005年，加利
福尼亚州是美国第一个出台大量规则保护户外工作者的州。在26摄氏度以上的日子里，雇
主必须在休息期间为工人提供住所。当气温上升到35度以上时，工人必须定期休息。自该
规定生效以来，加州报告的因环境高温暴露而死亡的人数已从2005年的10人下降到2019
年的3人)”可知，加利福尼亚州出台了大量的法律来保护户外工作者，并且见到了成效。
由此可推知，提及加州是为了展示避免热相关疾病的法律效果。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But campaigners say many farm workers, especially
immigrants, may be afraid to raise concerns for fear of losing their jobs. They also worry that
doctors are unaware of or may fail to recognize the long-term damage from repeated exposure to
heat stress, an ongoing threat for millions of agricultural labourers around the world.(但活动人士
表示，许多农场工人，尤其是移民，可能因为担心失去工作而不敢提出担忧。他们还担心，
医生没有意识到或可能没有意识到反复暴露在热应激下的长期损害，这对全球数百万农业
劳动者来说是一种持续的威胁)”可知，农场工人担忧的直接因素是热风险可能带来的失业
风险和长期健康损害。故选B。
Passage 2
（23-24 高一上·广西·期末）An international team of researchers, led by Dr Christine
Batchelor of Newcastle University, UK, used clear pictures of the seafloor to show just how
quickly a former ice cover retreated (退去) at the end of the last Ice Age, about 20,000 years ago.
The team mapped more than 7,600 small-scale landforms across the seafloor. The ridges (山
脊) are less than 2.5m high and are spaced between about 25 and 300 metres apart. These
landforms are understood to have formed when the ice cover’s retreating edge moved up and
down with the tides (潮汐), pushing seafloor into a ridge every low tide. Given that two ridges
would have been produced each day, the researchers were able to work out how quickly the icecover retreated. Their results, reported in the journal Nature, show the former ice cover rapidly
retreats at a speed of 50 to 600 metres per day.
The seafloor landforms also give light into the way in which such rapid retreat can happen.
Dr Batchelor and co-workers noted that the former ice cover had retreated fastest across the
flattest parts of its bed.
“An ice can go away from the seafloor and retreat quickly when it becomes buoyant (有浮力
的),” explained co-author Dr Frazer Christie. “This retreat only happens across relatively flat beds,
where less melting (融化) is required to thin the overlying ice to the point where it starts to float
(漂浮).”
The researchers believe that the quick retreat could soon be observed in parts of Antarctica.
This includes at West Antarctica’s vast Thwaites Glacier. The authors of this new study suggest
that it could go through quick retreat because it has recently retreated close to a flat area of its bed.
“Our findings suggest that present-day rates of melting are enough to cause quick short
retreat across flat-bedded areas of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, including at Thwaites,” said Dr
Batchelor. “Satellites (卫星) may well know this ice-cover retreat in the near future, especially if
we continue our climate warming.”
5．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A．To provide some advice for the readers.
B．To add some background information.
C．To make the story interesting.
D．To bring in the topic.
6．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Where the ice cover’s retreating lies.
B．Why the ice cover’s retreating is formed.
C．What the result of ice cover’s retreating is.
D．How the speed of ice cover’s retreating is worked out.
7．Why is Thwaites Glacier mentioned in the text?
A．To give an example of quick retreat.
B．To tell where it is located.
C．To compare different types of retreat.
D．To explain why it is important.8．What is Dr Batchelor’s attitude to the ice cover’s retreating?
A．Unclear. B．Anxious.
C．Positive. D．Doubtful.
【答案】5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，因气候变暖导致冰盖的消退速度可能比以前想象的
要快。文章对此进行了介绍。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The team mapped more than 7,600 small-scale landforms
across the seafloor.(该团队在海底绘制了7600多个小型地貌。)”和最后两句“Given that two
ridges would have been produced each day, the researchers were able to work out how quickly the
ice cover retreated. Their results, reported in the journal Nature, show the former ice cover rapidly
retreats at a speed of 50 to 600 metres per day.(考虑到每天会产生两个山脊，研究人员能够计
算出冰盖消退的速度。他们在《自然》杂志上发表的研究结果显示，以前的冰盖以每天50
到600米的速度迅速消退。)”可知，第一段是为了引出这个研究队的研究结果，即引出文
章的主题。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第二段前四句“The team mapped more than 7,600 small-scale landforms
across the seafloor. The ridges (山脊) are less than 2.5m high and are spaced between about 25
and 300 metres apart. These landforms are understood to have formed when the ice cover’s
retreating edge moved up and down with the tides (潮汐), pushing seafloor into a ridge every low
tide. Given that two ridges would have been produced each day, the researchers were able to work
out how quickly the ice cover retreated.(该团队在海底绘制了7600多个小型地貌。这些山脊
的高度不到2.5米，间距在25米到300米之间。据了解，这些地貌是在冰盖的后退边缘随
着潮汐上下移动时形成的，每次退潮时都会将海底推成山脊。考虑到每天会产生两个山脊，
研究人员能够计算出冰盖消退的速度。)”可知，第二段主要是讲冰盖消退的速度是如何计
算出来的。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“The researchers believe that the quick retreat could soon
be observed in parts of Antarctica.(研究人员认为，南极部分地区很快就会观察到这种快速消
退。)”可知，文中提到思韦茨冰川是为了举个快速消退的例子。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Satellites (卫星) may well know this ice-cover
retreat in the near future, especially if we continue our climate warming.(卫星可能会在不久的将来清楚地知道这种冰盖的消退，特别是如果我们继续气候变暖的话。)”可知，巴彻勒博士
对冰盖的消退感到非常焦虑。故选B。
Passage 3
（23-24高三上·北京丰台·期末）The scientists behind a new database of more than 400
extreme weather attribution (归因) studies have performed an essential service. This piece of
work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency around
policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods have all
been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming
unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.
Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution studies were published, it was harder to link
CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible effects. Thanks to a growing body of
research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking “heat dome”(热穹顶) across the globe
would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate change.
“Beauty is truth, truth beauty,” wrote the poet John Keats just over 200 years ago. When it
comes to climate, truth can feel closer to terror these days. But scientists are right to insist that the
reality must be faced. Indeed, this is the only way to avoid the most disastrous outcomes. In a new
book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues that we have reached a stage when minimising
dangers should be regarded as “climate appeasement”.
Like the historical responsibility for carbon emissions, attitudes and experiences in the
present crisis are unevenly and unjustly shared out. Billions of people around the world, and above
all in the global south, are caught up day-to-day in a struggle for survival. This doesn’t mean they
don’t recognise global heating; subsistence (勉强维持生活) farmers and fishers are more directly
exposed to environmental damage than anyone else. But western governments, businesses and
people who are relatively sheltered from global heating’s worst effects should recognise this as the
privilege that it is. With this year’s Climate Change Conference fast approaching, western
governments must follow through on their promises of climate finance to enable a green transition
in the developing world.
The purpose of attribution science is not simply to warn the world about what is happening,
but to aid preparations for what has not happened yet. The most alarming global trend, apart fromstill-rising emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed
with which it is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of
warming, it is no exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous.
But alternatives exist, and insisting on this point has never been more important. The
alarming findings of attribution scientists can give rise to desperation-but must not be allowed to
end determination and hope.
9．The attribution studies imply that ____.
A．policies addressing climate issues are ineffective
B．it is hard to link CO2 with the effects of global heating
C．the extent of global heating’s consequences is unpredictable
D．humans are to blame for the increased occurrence of disasters
10．How does Prof Bill McGuire feel about the present climate crisis?
A．Worried. B．Doubtful.
C．Optimistic. D．Puzzled.
11．What can we learn from this passage?
A．The global south is in urgent need of financial support.
B．The speeding up of global warming has spelled trouble.
C．Global heating affects western countries to a larger extent.
D．The effort to reduce greenhouse gas emission has worked.
12．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To urge the public to follow the science.
B．To persuade the scientists to further their study.
C．To assess the current policy on the climate crisis.
D．To confirm the public’s concern for global heating.
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．B 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排
放导致，从而呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods
have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming
unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.(报告显示，温室气体排放大大增加了强烈热浪、飓风和洪水发生的可能性。它还详细说明了令人担忧的不可预测
性以及全球变暖后果的程度)”和第二段“Until the early 2000s, when the first attribution
studies were published, it was harder to link CO2 in the atmosphere with global heating’s sensible
effects. Thanks to a growing body of research, now we know. The last summer’s record-breaking
“heat dome” across the globe would have been almost impossible without human-caused climate
change.(直到21世纪初，当第一批归因研究发表时，很难将大气中的二氧化碳与全球变暖
的明显影响联系起来。多亏了越来越多的研究，现在我们知道了。如果没有人为造成的气
候变化，去年夏天全球破纪录的“热穹顶”几乎是不可能的)”可知，归因研究表明，气候
变暖是人类造成的，人类应为灾害的增加负责。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a new book, Hothouse Earth, Prof Bill McGuire argues
that we have reached a stage when minimising dangers should be regarded as “climate
appeasement”.(Bill McGuire教授在新书《温室地球》中认为，我们已经到了将危险降至最
低视为“气候绥靖”的阶段)”可知，Bill McGuire认为现在人们只是降低危险，但对气候变
暖不加抵制，退让屈服，从而对当前的气候危机感到担忧。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The most alarming global trend, apart from still-rising
emissions that mean we are on course for 2. 5°C of heating, is the unexpected speed with which it
is already causing chaos. Given what we now know about the impact of 1°C of warming, it is no
exaggeration to say that this trend is disastrous.(最令人担忧的全球趋势是，除了排放量仍在上
升，这意味着我们正朝着2.5°C的升温方向发展之外，它已经以出乎意料的速度造成混乱。
考虑到我们现在所知道的1°C变暖的影响，可以毫不夸张地说，这种趋势是灾难性的)”可
知，全球变暖的加速带来了麻烦。故选B项。
12．推理判断题。结合全文及文章第一段“The scientists behind a new database of more than
400 extreme weather attribution( 归因 ) studies have performed an essential service. This
piece of work, drawing together every study of this type, ought to create a greater sense of urgency
around policymaking and campaigning. It shows that intense heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods
have all been made far more likely by greenhouse gas emissions. And it spells out the alarming
unpredictability as well as the extent of global heating’s consequences.(一个由400多项极端天
气归因研究组成的新数据库背后的科学家们提供了一项重要服务。这项工作汇集了每一项
此类研究，应该会在决策和竞选活动中产生更大的紧迫感。这表明，强烈的热浪、飓风和
洪水都更有可能是由温室气体排放造成的。它阐明了令人担忧的不可预测性以及全球变暖的后果)”可知，文章主要介绍了归因研究表明极端天气可能是由温室气体排放导致，从而
呼吁人们要尊重科学，采取措施，避免更严重的后果。故选A项。
Passage 4
（23-24高三上·重庆·阶段练习）The world feels like it’s being set alight. Wildfires in
Canada and Europe, floods in China, and a never-ending stream of record-breaking heat waves
have constantly dominated newspaper headlines. The feeling that time is quickly running out is
very real. But that feeling is a barrier to action — nothing has changed when we’ve called for
action before, so considering the seemingly limited time window.
Our past efforts tell us there is a chance. The world has solved large environmental
problems that seemed impossible to overcome at the time. An eye-opening example is acid rain.
Studying how the world dealt with this geopolitically divisive problem can give us some
inspiration on how we can address climate change today.
It has mostly slipped from the public conversation, but acid rain was the leading
environmental problem of the 1990s. Caused by sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫), it dissolved old
sculptures, stripped forests of their leaves, and polluted rivers and lakes. Emissions from the UK
would blow over to Sweden and Norway; emissions from the US would blow over to Canada.
This is a classic game theory problem; outcomes don’t only depend on the actions of one country
but those of the others too. Eventually, government officials had to sign international agreements,
place emissions limits on power plants and start to reduce coal burning. Interventions were
incredibly effective. In Europe, sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 84 percent and in the US by 90
percent.
Surely climate change is not the perfect parallel for the environmental problems we’ve
solved before. It will be harder. It will involve every country, rich and poor. But change is
happening. To accelerate action, we need to have the expectation that things can move faster. Past
lessons tell us that these expectations are not unrealistic.
13．How does the sense of urgency affect attitudes to climate change?
A．It discourages team work.
B．It fuels doubts about efforts.
C．It arouses fear for disasters.
D．It weakens trust in newspapers.14．Why does the author discuss acid rain?
A．To analyze the causes of present challenges.
B．To boost public confidence in the government.
C．To highlight acid rain’s environmental damage.
D．To offer insights into handling climate change.
15．What was the main challenge in addressing acid rain?
A．The seriousness of the pollution.
B．Unequal shares of responsibility.
C．Seeking international cooperation.
D．Reducing sulfur dioxide emissions.
16．What is the author’s attitude to current climate change measures?
A．Unsatisfied.
B．Dismissive.
C．Optimistic.
D．Approving.
项。【答案】13．B 14．D 15．C 16．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者表明对当前气候变化的措施不满，并希望加快行动，有所
改变。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The feeling that time is quickly running out is very real. But
that feeling is a barrier to action — nothing has changed when we’ve called for action before, so
considering the seemingly limited time window. (时间飞逝的感觉是非常真实的。但这种感觉
是行动的障碍——当我们之前呼吁采取行动时，一切都没有改变，所以考虑到看似有限的
时间窗口)”可知，紧迫感引发了对人们努力应对气候变化的怀疑。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“An eye-opening example is acid rain. Studying how the
world dealt with this geopolitically divisive problem can give us some inspiration on how we can
address climate change today. (酸雨就是一个令人大开眼界的例子。研究世界是如何处理这个
地缘政治分裂问题的，可以给我们一些启示，告诉我们今天如何应对气候变化)”可推知，
作者讨论酸雨是为了提供应对气候变化的见解。故选D项。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This is a classic game theory problem; outcomes don’t only
depend on the actions of one country but those of the others too. Eventually, government officialshad to sign international agreements, place emissions limits on power plants and start to reduce
coal burning. (这是一个经典的博弈论问题；结果不仅取决于一个国家的行动，也取决于其
他国家的行动。最终，政府官员不得不签署国际协议，对发电厂设定排放限制，并开始减
少燃煤)”可知，解决酸雨的主要挑战是寻求国际合作。故选C项。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段“The world feels like it’s being set alight. Wildfires in Canada
and Europe, floods in China, and a never-ending stream of record-breaking heat waves have
constantly dominated newspaper headlines. The feeling that time is quickly running out is very
real. But that feeling is a barrier to action — nothing has changed when we’ve called for action
before, so considering the seemingly limited time window. (整个世界都像是被点燃了。加拿大
和欧洲的野火，中国的洪水，以及永无止境的破纪录的热浪不断占据报纸的头条。时间飞
逝的感觉是非常真实的。但这种感觉是行动的障碍——当我们之前呼吁采取行动时，一切
都没有改变，所以考虑到看似有限的时间窗口)”可推知，作者对当前气候变化措施是不满
意的。故选A
Passage 5
（23-24高三上·河南南阳·阶段练习）In warming Pacific Northwest, summers are getting
hotter and winters less cold, but the atmospheric patterns that influence the weather aren’t
necessarily expected to become stronger or more frequent by the end of the century, according to a
new study from Portland State University.
That means that in an overall warmer climate, models suggest we’ll have the same variety of
atmospheric patterns as we have now but the weather we experience from them will be warmer
and, in some cases, wetter.
Graham Taylor, a Ph. D．student in PSU’s Earth, Environment and Society program, and
Paul Loikith, associate professor of geography at PSU, applied a novel machine-learning approach
to assess to what degree the range of weather patterns over the Pacific Northwest will change
under a scenario (情景) of future warming using a suite of state-of-the-art climate models.
The study’s aim was to look at whether a warming climate would make certain types of
weather patterns movements of air that on a large scale can influence whether it’s hotter than
average, colder than average, dry or wet—become more or less frequent or stronger or weaker.
“We get a certain number of patterns that bring us rain, patterns that bring us heat waves andpatterns that are average, ”Taylor said. “The range and strength of those patterns isn’t projected to
necessarily change, but they will be within a much warmer climate.”
For example, the study does not show that heat domes, which became part of the public’s
vocabulary after the deadly weather event in June 2021, will become more common or stronger—
it only shows that they will be hotter when they do occur.
“Global warming is making everything warmer,” Loikith said. “Hot summer patterns are
getting hotter, but we’re not seeing a shift towards more hot patterns according to these models.
It’s just more hot weather because everything’s hotter.”
The study also found that the models show an increase in rainfall over the Pacific Northwest
in most seasons except summer in a warmer future.
17．What was the machine-learning approach used for?
A．Finding ways to prevent global warming.
B．Creating a relatively cold weather scenario.
C．Exploring the factors leading to warm climate.
D．Knowing about the change of weather patterns.
18．Which can best replace the word “projected” underlined in paragraph 5?
A．Expected. B．Adjusted. C．Designed. D．Revised.
19．What statement does Loikith agree with?
A．Less rainfall leads to global warming.
B．The weather will be hotter and hotter.
C．More weather patterns will appear soon.
D．Winters will become colder and colder.
20．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Why Are We Experiencing Hotter Weather?
B．When Will Global Warming Influence Weather?
C．How Will Weather Patterns Change in the Future?
D．What Causes an Increase in Rainfall in Most Seasons?
【答案】17．D 18．A 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变暖将对太平洋西北部未来天气模式变化
产生的影响。17．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Graham Taylor, a Ph. D. student in PSU’s Earth,
Environment and Society program, and Paul Loikith, associate professor of geography at PSU,
applied a novel machine-learning approach to assess to what degree the range of weather patterns
over the Pacific Northwest will change under a scenario (情景) of future warming using a suite of
state-of-the-art climate models. (太平洋州立大学地球、环境与社会项目的博士生格雷厄姆·泰
勒和太平洋州立大学地理学副教授保罗·洛伊基斯运用一种新颖的机器学习方法，利用一套
最先进的气候模型，评估在未来变暖的情况下，太平洋西北地区的天气模式范围将发生多
大程度的变化)”可知，这种方法的用途是了解天气模式的变化。故选D。
18．词句猜测题。由文章第五段中“The range and strength of those patterns. (这些模式的范
围和强度)”以及“necessarily change, but they will be within a much warmer climate. (会改变，
但它们将处于更温暖的气候中)”和第六段“For example, the study does not show that heat
domes, which became part of the public’s vocabulary after the deadly weather event in June 2021,
will become more common or stronger—it only shows that they will be hotter when they do occur.
(例如，在2021年6月的致命天气事件之后，热穹顶成为了公众词汇的一部分，但这项研
究并没有表明热穹顶会变得更普遍或更强——它只表明，当热穹顶发生时，它们会更热)”
可知，实验结果表明，这些模式的范围和强度预计将来不一定会改变，但它们将处于更温
暖的气候中，故划线词的意思为“预计”。A. Expected预期；B. Adjusted调整；C.
Designed设计；D. Revised修订。故选A。
19．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中““Global warming is making everything warmer,”
Loikith said. “Hot summer patterns are getting hotter, but we’re not seeing a shift towards more
hot patterns according to these models. It’s just more hot weather because everything’s hotter.”
(“全球变暖让一切都变暖了，”洛伊基斯说。“炎热的夏季模式越来越热，但根据这些模
型，我们并没有看到更热的模式转变。只是天气更热了，因为所有东西都更热了。”)”可
知，洛伊基斯认为天气会越来越热。故选B。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“In warming Pacific Northwest, summers
are getting hotter and winters less cold, but the atmospheric patterns that influence the weather
aren’t necessarily expected to become stronger or more frequent by the end of the century,
according to a new study from Portland State University. (波特兰州立大学的一项新研究表明，
在变暖的太平洋西北部，夏季变得越来越热，冬季变得越来越冷，但影响天气的大气模式
到本世纪末并不一定会变得更强或更频繁)”可知，文章主要介绍了气候变暖将对太平洋西北部未来天气模式变化产生的影响，所以“未来天气模式将如何变化？”适合作为文章标
题。故选C。
