2018 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ卷）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）
第一节 (共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration Tour
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees
with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson
about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot
before availability — the cherry blossoms — disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in
Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as
your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike,
helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and
locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort.
Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about
Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour
route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of
Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the
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sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking
as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled
water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people.
B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums.
D. Enjoy interesting stories.
23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps.
B. Cameras. C. Meals D. Safety lights
B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every
morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to
prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the
help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing
recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says
she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home,
preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican
takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay £5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes
them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can
buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this
food ourselves.”
The eight-part series ( 系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the
footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to
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get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time
with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a
family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the
family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef
D. Cooking Well for Less
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent
times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still
populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own
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patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that
10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke
perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers,
and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres,
trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of
universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in
the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant
languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these
languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few
languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken
by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about
1,000. Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New
Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is
a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people
than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction( 消
亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight
remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States
(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these
seems to have much chance of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?
A.They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected
29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2？
A.Complex. B. Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modem.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400. C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.
31. What is the min idea of the text?
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A. New languages will be created.
B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human development results in fewer languages
D. Geography determines language evolution.
D
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight
of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old
devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment —
and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the
newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her
colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the
environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are
mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how
home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by
generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined
1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones,
and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones.
“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and
suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher.
The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13
in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them.
According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with
cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and
contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992
to 2007 window.
So what’s the solution（解决方案）? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but
the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products
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with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word
processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing
on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by
44%.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly.
B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home.
D. They go out of style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV.
B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.
D. The desktop computer.
35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them.
B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.
D. Recycle them.
第二节 (共5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有
两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design — something you’ll always have in every
room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to
creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life?
Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 ,
color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help
designers approach this important point.
37
, they can get a little complex. But
good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about
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color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets
that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your
walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with
them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner
tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller
ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and
floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative
expense put into it are significant.
40
.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填
入空白处的最佳选项。
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education
department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41
the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars?
More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t 43 enough
about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an
international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46
. I could hardly wait to 47 him.
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Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and
this 48 was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49
that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria,
we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our
future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in that 53 and
learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me:
“The absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to
make good 57 . On every single move you have to 58 a situation, process what
your opponent (对手) is doing and 59
the best move from among all your options.”
These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.
41. A. put forward
B. jumped at
C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste
B. earn C. save D. pay
43. A. excited
B. worried
C. moved
D. tired
44. A. title
B. competitor
C. textbook D. instructor
45. A. urged
B. demanded
C. held
D. meant
46. A. fastest
B. easiest
C. best
D. rarest
47.A. interview B. meet
C. challenge D. beat
48. A. chance
B. qualification C. honor
D. job
49. A. real
B. perfect
C. clear
D.possible
50. A. attend
B. pass
C. skip
D. observe
51. A. add
B. expose
C. apply
D. compare
52. A. eventually
B. naturally C. directly D. normally
53. A. game
B. presentation C. course
D. experiment
54. A. criterion
B. classroom
C. department
D. situation
55. A. taught
B. wrote
C. questioned
D. promised
56. A. fact
B. step
C. manner
D. skill
57. A. grades
B. decisions
C. impressions
D. comments
58. A. analyze
B. describe
C. rebuild
D. control
59. A. announce B. signal
C. block
D. evaluate
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60. A. role
B. desire
C. concern
D. behavior
第二节（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years
61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the
benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die)
early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)
more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the
authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to
10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from
all 67
(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise…it’s probably
running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68
(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running
is cheap,easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for
only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all
give 70
a try.
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分35 分)
第一节 短文改错（共10 小题，每小题1 分，满分10 分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作
文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增
加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的次。
删除：把多余的用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第l1 处起）不计分。
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During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a
small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here
again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small
pond, which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by
sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my
father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
第二节 书面表达 (满分25 分)
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry 将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询
问有关习俗。请你回复邮件。内容包括：
1. 到达时间；
2. 合适的礼物；
3. 餐桌礼仪．
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
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