专题05 非谓语动词
第一部分动词不定式
考点
五年考情（2021-2025）
命题趋势
考点1 考查动词不定式短语
作目的状语
（5 年9 考）
2025 八省联考卷—to present；
2024 新课标I 卷—to give;
2024 浙江1 月卷—to benefit;
2023 全国甲卷—to teach;
2022 新课标I 卷—to increase;
2022 新课标II 卷—to see;
2022 新课标I 卷--To strengthen;
2021 新课标II 卷—to educate;
2021 浙江卷—to plant。
1. 考查动词不定式短语作目的
状语，不定式多放在句首，后边
多用逗号。
2.考查动词不定式短语作定语，
名词前有形容词或最高级。
3.考查动词不定式短语作主语，
多用于It takes time to do sth 句
型。
4.考查动词不定式短语作宾语，
需要牢记aim, threaten, agree,
decide 等动词常接动词不定式作
宾语。
5.考查动词不定式短语作宾语补
足语用于allow, encourage,
persuade 等动词用于“动词+sb
to do sth.”。
6.考查动词不定式短语作原因状
语，多用于“be+形容词+to do”
句型。
7.考查动词不定式主动形式被动
意义，常用于“be+形容词+不
定式”结构。
考点2 考查动词不定式短语
作定语
（5 年5 考）
2025 浙江I 月卷---to rent;
2025 全国二卷—to discover
2022 全国甲卷—to journey;
2022 北京卷—to harm;
2022 北京卷—to invest。
考点3 考查动词不定式短语
作主语
（5 年1 考）
2021 全国甲卷—to walk。
考点4 考查动词不定式短语
作宾语
（5 年6 考）
2025 全国一卷---to present；
2024 全国甲卷—to catch;
2023 新课标I 卷—to bite;
2022 新课标II 卷—how to thank;
2022 浙江1 月卷—plan to continue;
2021 全国乙卷—aim to have。
考点5 考查动词不定式短语
作宾语补足语或原因状语
（5 年2 考）
2024 新课标II 卷—to find;
2022 浙江卷—to do。
考点6 考查动词不定式主动
形式被动意义
（5 年0 考）
2020 全国II 卷—to care。
考点01 考查动词不定式短语作目的状语，多放在句首，后边多用逗号
1.（2025 八省联考卷）The goal was two-fold: 56 (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the
equal use of all six tongues.
2.（2024 新课标I 卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These
sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
3.（2024 九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
4.（2024 浙江1 月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However,
if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
5.（2023 全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to
pass on wisdom.
6.（2022 新课标I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________
(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
7.（2022 新课标II 卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto
the balcony, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
8.（2022 全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have
thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
9.（2021 新课标II 卷）I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
10.（2021 浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front
yard.
11.（2020 全国I 卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 __________ (find)
and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
12.（2020 全国III 卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known
painter.
13.(2020· 浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________
(change) lives.
考点02 考查动词不定式短语作定语
14.（2025 全国二卷）Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing. denying
me the chance 62 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after
sunning clothes for an entire day.
15.（2025 浙江I 月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women 60 (rent) rather than purchase
them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
16.（2022 全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first
step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
17.（2022 北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an
intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
18.（2021 北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need
(invest) in disaster prevention.
19. (2019· 全国II 卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans
__________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
考点03 考查动词不定式短语作主语
20.（2021 全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
21.（2020 北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the
ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
考点04 考查动词不定式短语作宾语
22.（2025 全国一卷）We hope 58 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context,
and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.
23.（2024 全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend
61 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
24.（2023 新课标I 卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing
the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on
your tongue.
25.（2023 新课标I 卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________
(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
26.（2022 新课标II 卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.”
27. （2022 浙江1 月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
__________ (continue) the practice.
28.（2021 全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of
its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking ( 远足) and accommodations aim
__________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
考点05 考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语或状语
29. （2024 新课标II 卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said
Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find) the
connection between the two great writers.
30.（2022 浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
31.（2020 浙江1 月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位
数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
考点06 考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义
32.（2020 全国II 卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are
easy__________ (care) for and make great presents.
第二部分 动名词
考点
五年考情（2021-2025）
命题趋势
考点1 考查动名词作介词宾语
（有时该介词省略难度增
加）
（5 年1 考）
2023 全国乙卷--recording
1. 考查动名词作介词宾语，有
时该介词省略，需要平时注意
积累spend time(in) doing, have
trouble (in) doing, prevent sb
(from) doing…等句型。
2.考查动名词作介词宾语，需
要抓住介词in, after 以及look
forward to, object to, be devoted
to …动词短语等。
3.考查动名词作动词宾语，需
要积累动词enjoy, appreciate。
4.考查动名词复合结构，难度
较大。
考点2 考查动名词作介词宾语
（介词出现显性考查难度
低）
（5 年4 考）
2025 八省联考卷—improving；
2022 全国甲--staying;
2021 全国甲卷--spending;
2021 全国乙卷—visiting。
考点3 考查动名词作动词宾语
（5 年1 考）
2025 浙江1 月卷---returning。
考点4 考查动名词复合结构
（5 年0 考）
2020 新课标--walking
考点01 考查动名词作介词宾语（有时该介词省略，属于隐形考查）
1. （2023 全国乙卷）As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I
discovered.
考点02 考查动名词作介词宾语（介词出现，难度偏低）
2. (2025 八省联考卷) Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 63 (improve) communication
and cooperation between China and the rest of the world.
3. (2022 全国甲卷) I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ___________(stay) out
with my friends too late.
4.（2021 全国甲卷）After ___________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we
decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
5.（2021 全国乙卷）Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:•Minimize the impact of
___________ (visit) the place.
6.（2019 全国III 卷）If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
7.（2019 全国I 卷）Scientists have responded by ___________ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚
集) around human settlements.
8.（2019 全国II 卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___________ (be)Britain's
oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
9.（2018 全国I 卷）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___________(die) early
by running.
考点03 考查动名词作动词宾语
10.（2025 浙江1 月卷）“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t always
mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
11.（2018 全国III 卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ___________(look) directly into his
eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.
12. (2017 全国II)This included digging up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof
over the top.
考点04 考查动名词复合结构
13. (2020 新课标) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine
themselves living at a different time in history or ____________(walk) through a rainforest.
第三部分 现在分词
考点
五年考情（2021-2025）
命题趋势
考点1 考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语
2025 北京卷---traveling
1. 考查现在分词短
（与句子谓语动词构成主动关系）
（5 年10 考）
2024 新课标II 卷--Recalling;
2023 全国甲卷--borrowing;
2023 全国乙卷—Having visited;
2023 天津3 月卷—Dating
2022 新课标I 卷--Covering;
2022 全国甲卷--planning;
2022 全国乙卷—inviting;
2021 新课标II 卷—thinking;
2021 北京卷—resulting。
语作伴随、时间状
语，分词与句子谓
语动词构成主动关
系。
2. 考查现在分词短
语作定语，表示一
个主动的、正在进
行的动作。
3.考查现在分词短
语作宾补补足语，
与句子宾语之间构
成主动关系。
4.需要考生掌握现
在分词和过去分词
的基本区别是主被
动关系。
考点2 考查现在分词短语作定语
（表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作）
（5 年6 考）
2023 新课标II 卷--visiting;
2023 天津6 月卷--originating;
2022 新课标II 卷--falling;
2022 浙江卷-- existing, sighted;
2021 新课标I 卷—aching;
2021 新课标I 卷--living
考点3 考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语（与
句子宾语之间构成主动关系）
（5 年1 考）
2023 新课标I 卷--wanting。
考点01 考查现在分词短语作伴随、时间状语（与句子谓语动词构成主动关系）
1. (2025 北京卷)When 17 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
2. (2024 新课标II 卷) ___________ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III
in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony
Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being
performed.”
3.（2023 全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful
existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old
fables.
4.（2023 全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of
old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
5．（2023 天津3 月卷）________ back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
A．Dating
B．Being dated
C．To date
D．To be dated
6.（2022 新课标I 卷） ___________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
7.（2022 全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He
flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
8.（2022 全国乙卷）To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public
promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world
to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
9.（2021 新课标II 卷）I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think)it is
food.
10.（2021 北京卷）From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________
(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
考点02 考查现在分词短语作定语（表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作）
11.（2023 新课标II 卷）They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
12．（2023 天津6 月卷）The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world,
mainly _________ from Europe and China.
A．originating B．originated C．being originated
D．having originated
13.（2022 新课标II 卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry
ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___________ (fall)
child.
14.（2022 浙江卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ___________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that
of ___________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
15（2021 新课标I 卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the
whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________ (ache) legs.
16. （2021 浙江1 月卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___________ (live) in the
countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports
facilities.
考点03 考查现在分词短语作宾语补足语（与句子宾语之间构成主动关系）
17.（2023 新课标I 卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am
always left ___________ (want) more next time.
18.（2020 全国III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds, ___________
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
第四部分 过去分词
考点
五年考情（2021-2025）
命题趋势
考点1 考查过去分词短语作定语
（与被修饰名词构成被动关系）
（5 年12 考）
2025 全国二卷---left；
2025 八省联考卷---written；
2024 新课标II 卷--inspired
2024 浙江1 月卷--designed;
2023 新课标I 卷--recognized;
2023 全国甲卷--intended;
2023 全国乙卷—built;
2023 浙江1 月卷--surrounded;
2023 全国乙卷--built;
2022 全国甲卷—held;
2021 浙江卷1 月—studied;
2021 北京卷—caused。
1.考查过去分词短语作定
语，与被修饰名词构成被
动关系。
2.考查过去分词短语作宾
语补足语，与宾语之间构
成被动关系。
3.考查过去分词短语作表
语，多表示“ 感
到……”。
4.考查过去分词短语作插
入语。
考点2 考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语
（与宾语之间构成被动关系）
（5 年2 考）
2025 北京卷---scared；
2021 新课标I 卷—astonished。
考点3 考查过去分词短语作表语
（多表示“感到……”）
（5 年2 考）
2024 新课标I 卷--closed;
2021 全国II 卷—excited。
考点4 考查过去分词短语作插入语
（5 年0 考）
2020 浙江卷1 月—compared
考点01 考查过去分词短语作定语（与被修饰名词构成被动关系）
1.（2025 全国二卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 65 (leave)
to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
2.（2025 八省联考卷）At the same time, a language and its individual 59 (write) forms make up the
“soul” of a national tradition.
3.（2024 新课标II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
was
built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
4.（2024 浙江1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
__________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
5.（2023 新课标I 卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
6.（2023 全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66 (intend) for everyone.
7.（2023 全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than
3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build)
system of ring roads.
8．(2023 天津3 月卷)_________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually
succeeded in building a highly efficient system.
A．Trying
B．Tried
C．Having tried
D．Having been tried
9．(2023 天津3 月卷)The hero’s touching story ________ online has drawn thousands of “likes” and hundreds of
comments from the public.
A．posting
B．to post
C．posted
D．to be posted
10.（2023 浙江1 月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, (surround) in
concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
11.（2022 全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
12.（2021 浙江卷1 月）In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________
(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
13.（2021 北京卷）There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20
years, ________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
14.（2020 北京卷）A piece of stone __________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human
relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
考点02 考查过去分词短语作宾语补足语（与宾语之间构成被动关系）
15.（2025 北京卷）When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that
he might have someone 12 (scare).
16.（2021 新课标I 卷）But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________（astonish）.
17.（2020 全国II 卷）They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
考点03 考查过去分词短语作表语（多表示“感到……”）
18.（2024 新课标I 卷）These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In
cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
19.（2021 全国II 卷）I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
考点04 考查过去分词短语作插入语
20.（2020 浙江卷1 月）The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________
(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
