2026 年高考第二次模拟考试（上海卷）
高三英语·
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用
橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回
I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1 分；共20 分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
【原创】题源：National Geographic《Mars Polar Ice Cap Exploration: New Discoveries》
Mars, the red planet, has always been a hot topic in space exploration. In recent years, scientists have made
great progress in exploring Mars’ polar ice caps, which hold important clues about the planet’s past climate and
possible life. A team of international scientists 1______ (study) the south polar ice cap of Mars for five years, and
they have made some surprising discoveries so far.
The scientists used a high-tech radar system on a Mars rover to scan the ice cap, and found a large liquid water
lake under the ice, 2______ (make) it the first confirmed liquid water lake on Mars. The lake is about 1.5 kilometers
below the ice surface, and its water is extremely salty, 3______ keeps it from freezing in the cold Martian
environment. This discovery shows that Mars is not as dry as we thought before, and it raises the possibility of
4______ (find) microbial life on the planet.
Scientists have found that the ice cap changes with the Martian seasons, just like the polar ice caps on Earth.
But the speed of its change is much 5______ (fast) than that on Earth, which is related to Mars’ thinner atmosphere
and shorter seasons. This change has been recorded by the Mars rover, and the data 6______ (collect) so far has
helped scientists study Mars’ climate change in depth.
To study the ice cap further, scientists plan to send a new Mars rover to the south pole of Mars in 2026. The
new rover will be equipped with more advanced equipment to collect ice and water samples. Scientists hope
7______ the new rover can help them find more evidence of water and life on Mars, and unlock the secrets of the
planet’s climate change.
Space exploration is a long and difficult journey, but every small discovery brings us closer to the truth about
the universe. As one of the scientists says, 8______ ______ _____we keep exploring, we will never stop learning
about the world beyond Earth. Mars exploration is not only about finding life on the red planet, but also about
understanding our own planet better. It also inspires humans to keep moving forward, and to challenge ourselves to
reach further 9______ the universe. For humans, the exploration of Mars is a great step, 10______ a small one in
the journey of exploring the universe.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that
there is one word more than you need.
【原创】题源：New Scientist （https://www.newscientist.com/）
Time crystals could be used to build accurate quantum clocks
A. manufacture B. precise C. potentially D. detect E. stable F. operate
G. application H. unique I. assembly J. phenomenon K. enhance
Time crystals are a strange physical 11________ that defies the basic laws of thermodynamics, and new
research shows they can be used to make far more accurate quantum clocks. Unlike regular crystals, time crystals
change in a repeating pattern over time without any external energy input.
Scientists first 12________ the first time crystal in 2016, and since then, research into this 13________ form
of matter has advanced rapidly. Quantum clocks, which 14________ based on the quantum properties of atoms, are
already the most accurate timekeeping devices in the world, but time crystals could 15________ their precision to
an unprecedented level.
The key advantage of time crystals is that they remain 16________ even at room temperature, while traditional
quantum clock components need to be kept at extremely low temperatures. This makes the 17________ of time
crystals in quantum clocks far more practical, as it reduces the need for complex cooling systems.
Researchers say the new technology could 18________ quantum clocks that are small enough for everyday
use, not just for scientific research in labs. A 19________ quantum clock would have countless uses, from
improving satellite navigation to making space exploration more accurate.
“Time crystals are 20________ the most promising material for the next generation of quantum clocks,” says a
leading physicist in the field. “We are only just beginning to understand the full potential of this matter, and future
research will unlock even more surprising uses.”
II. Reading Comprehension (21 –35 题，每题1 分；36 – 50 题，每题2 分；共45 分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Surveys of office behaviour are not scientific. In a global poll conducted last year by Kickresume, 85% of
people said they had experienced a (n) 21 co-worker. So what is it that gets on people’s nerves? The
Kickresume survey put credit-stealing top of the list of troublesome colleague behaviour. Another recent poll
conducted by BambooHR crowned taking credit for employees’ ideas as the worst 22 trait of all.
You get the picture. Grabbing kudos for someone else’s idea makes lots of people angry. Done intentionally
and repeatedly, it is not just disturbing but bad for the organization: ideas are hoarded, trust erodes and 23
suffers. A recent paper by Beijing Jiaotong University found that credit-claiming by 24 at a large Chinese
manufacturing firm was associated with worse job performance by employees.
When something happens a lot and is extremely bothersome, a (n) 25 mechanism is needed. So the
next time you hear your brilliant idea coming out of the mouth of a colleague, breathe deeply and remember two
things.
First, credit-stealing may be less 26 than imagined. Psychologists have long documented a
phenomenon called “cryptomnesia” in which people 27 plagiarize (抄袭) the ideas of others. Experiments
into cryptomnesia vary but the basic set-up is for participants in a group to be asked to generate ideas to solve a
particular problem. They are then told to recall only their own ideas, and to come up with new ideas that do not 28
ones that have already been raised. 29 these instructions, people tend to claim a decent chunk of old ideas as
their own, and to copy previous suggestions when raising 30 new ideas. People may steal credit without
even realizing it.
Second, innovation very 31 takes the form of an entirely new idea; instead, it recombines existing
ones. And people often reach the same conclusions 32 . That is the message of “Like”, an entertaining
new book by Martin Reeves and Bob Goodman on the 33 of the “like” button. The thumbs-up icon was
made common and popular when Facebook adopted it in 2009, but well before then firms like Vimeo, Yelp, Digg.
com and FriendFeed had been 34 with ways for users to register an emotional reaction to content. So even
if you think of an idea as your own stroke of genius, the reality is likely to be 35 .
21．A．violent
B．competing
C．promising
D．annoying
22．A．managerial
B．competitive
C．physical
D．credible
23．A．economy
B．profit
C．motivation
D．truth
24．A．friends
B．executives
C．producers
D．buyers
25．A．communicating
B．copying
C．evaluating D．coping
26．A．nasty
B．special
C．inferior
D．welcome
27．A．deliberately
B．supposedly
C．accidentally
D．shamelessly
28．A．counter
B．reproduce
C．assemble
D．support
29．A．On top of
B．In case of
C．In accordance with D．In spite of
30．A．genuinely
B．supposedly
C．specifically
D．recently
31．A．unfortunately B．rarely
C．merely
D．typically
32．A．interdependently
B．repeatedly
C．independently
D．collectively
33．A．functions
B．models
C．resources
D．origins
34．A．struggling
B．cooperating
C．venturing
D．experimenting
35．A．distinctive
B．different
C．obvious
D．identical
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to
the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
It was a day as Australian as you can get: Sun, waves and surfing at the beach. And then something distinctly
un-Australian turned up.
Aaron Fowler and a friend were heading back to the parking lot after a day in the waves. “We saw something
coming out of the water,” Mr. Fowler, a drywall repairman, said. “We thought it was a sea bird, but then we thought,
‘Oh, that’s way too big,’ and it had a big, long neck and a tail sticking out like a duck.
It stood up in the water and waddled straight up to us and just started cleaning itself,” Standing there on the
beach in the small town of Denmark in Western Australia on Friday afternoon was a male emperor penguin, about
2,100 miles from where one might expect to find it, in Antarctica.
Mr. Fowler had seen plenty of dolphins and other creatures in the waves, including one leopard seal, which is
also native to Antarctica, but he never expected a penguin. “We were in shock,” he said.
Even someone with years of experience studying penguins was surprised at the sighting. “That crazy young
penguin,” said Dee Boersma, a professor of biology at the University of Washington and author of “Penguins:
Natural History and Conservation.”
“Emperor penguins move around, because they have to be on an ice sheet or a glacier to raise young, and the
glaciers are eroding away,” she said. “That’s not unusual. You’ve got to continue to swim until you find food. But
this is the furthest north I’ve heard of an emperor penguin.”
Record low sea-ice levels in the Antarctic have wreaked havoc ( 破坏)on the lives of emperor penguins.
Penguins have sought new breeding grounds as a result, but normally they stay relatively close to their old homes.
The penguin who arrived in Australia did not seem to have been flummoxed too much by its new
surroundings. The penguin “seemed completely happy,” Mr. Fowler said. “It was not at all shy. It was very friendly.
It was quite happy in our company.”
Mr. Fowler alerted the authorities about the newly immigrated Aussie penguin. It was picked up and is being
cared for; its rehabilitation is expected to take a few weeks, the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and
Attractions of Western Australia said.
“The penguin appeared to be malnourished,” the agency said, “and was removed from the beach to avoid
potential threats from dogs, cats, foxes and vehicles.”
36．Why was Dee Boersma, the biology professor, surprised at the sighting of the penguin?
A．Because she had never seen a penguin before.
B．Because the penguin was in a place far from its usual habitat.
C．Because the penguin was swimming in the waves.
D．Because the penguin was alone and seemed lost.
37．What is the main reason emperor penguins have to move around to find new breeding grounds?
A．To escape from predators.
B．To find more food.
C．To follow the glaciers that are eroding away.
D．To raise their young in safer environments.
38．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 means
A．The penguin was very nervous in its new environment.
B．The penguin was quite shy and unfriendly.
C．The penguin adapted well to its new surroundings.
D．The penguin was confused and perplexed by its new environment.
39．What is the main idea of the article?
A．A surprising encounter with a friendly penguin in Australia.
B．The impact of climate change on emperor penguins’habitat.
C．The rehabilitation process of a malnourished penguin in Australia.
D．The differences between sand and snow for emperor penguins.
(B)
A good walk through the Peckforton Hills and Castle, Cheshire
The Landscape Deep into autumn in the Peckforton Hills, the red sandstone *outcrops* ( 岩石露头) and
mossy old woodland glowed in the golden afternoon light. We had joined a stretch of the Sandstone Trail, which
traces Cheshire’s central sandstone *ridge* (山脊). Our goal was a northwards passage of the highest hills on the
trail.
Climbing the wooded sides of Bickerton Hill brought us to an open lowland area. Restoration work here is
reclaiming this precious habitat for rare wildlife. Below the highest point is Mad Allen’s Hole, believed to have been
the home of an 18th-century *hermit* (隐士) John Harris. The path then steepened, eventually reaching the trail’s
highest point at Raw Head, where a summit looks north over Delamere Forest to Ellesmere Port.
Dipping through farmland, we were soon climbing again, this time through beech and oak woodland at
Bulkeley Hill. We gathered a bagful of sweet chestnuts before detouring into Higher Burwardsley for lunch at the
warmly welcoming Pheasant Inn.
The final miles skirted the hills below Stanners Nab and the impressive 19th-century grandeur of Peckforton Castle.
The finish of our walk drew near — lofty Beeston Crag topped with the ruins of Beeston Castle. Built in the 1220s
by Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, it is well worth a visit. Inside is the famous castle well, a possible
hiding place of Richard II’s treasure, which drops a dark and dizzying 365ft into the hill.
Fact File
·Distance/ Difficulty: 14 miles; moderate; some steep climbs.
·Start: Bickerton Hill car park (SY14 8LN).
·Finish: Beeston Castle (CW6 9TX).
·Getting there: Take Trains to Whitchurch or Chester first. Get on the bus running between the two (not on
Sundays) before getting off at Duckington and walking less than a mile to the start.
·Lunch: The Pheasant Inn, Higher Burwardsley.
40．Which of the following route maps correctly illustrates the walking path?
A．[Bickerton Hill] → [Raw Head] → [Beeston Castle] → [The Pheasant Inn]
B．[Bickerton Hill] → [Bulkeley Hill] → [Beeston Castle] → [Raw Head]
C．[Maiden Castle] → [Peckforton Castle] → [Beeston Castle] → [The Pheasant Inn]
D．[Bickerton Hill] → [Raw Head] → [The Pheasant Inn] → [Beeston Castle]
41．What is special about Beeston Castle according to the passage?
A．It is the highest point of the entire Sandstone Trail.
B．It was once the home of the 18th-century hermit John Harris.
C．It features a very deep well that might contain royal treasure.
D．It was built in the 19th century and is famous for its woodlands.
42．This passage is most likely taken from ________.
A．a geographic survey report
B．a local travel magazine
C．a physical training blog
D．an archaeology research paper
(C)
Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long
workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽) — chemicals in the body that cause happiness —
are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we
previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of
chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice. Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and
endocannabinoids after exercise. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and
displayed no signs of anxiety. But after being given a drug to block their endorphins, the mice’s behavior didn’t seem
to change. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runners’ high symptoms
seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective
pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick
Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifehacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already known that exercise is a highly effective
way to get rid of stress or anxiety. The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes exercise to patients who are
suffering from depression. “Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being
more active. Regular exercise can improve your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people
with mild to moderate depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand
where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is to put on our running shoes.
43．What did scientists from German universities recently discover?
A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.
B．The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids.
C．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running.
D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood.
44．Why did the scientists give mice drugs in their experiment?
A．To identify what is responsible for the runner’s high.
B．To see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high.
C．To find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms.
D．To test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released.
45．What does the underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Effect.
B．Goal.
C．Opinion.
D．Question.
46．What can we know about regular workouts according to the UK’s National Health Service?
A．They tend to make depressed patients feel more energetic immediately.
B．They are prescribed mainly for patients with severe mental disorders.
C．They perform better in curing people with mild to moderate depression.
D．They can help ease depression symptoms.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
From Selling Books to Selling Life
From the largest female bookstore in Europe to the first detective novel store in Europe, from independent
bookstores to large chain ones, Charing Cross Road is the most famous bookstore street in London. 84 Charing
Cross Road, published in 1970, tells the story of the New York woman writer Helene Hanff and the London
bookseller Frank Percy Doel. 47 Charing Cross Road has thus become a cultural landmark in London,
attracting many literary enthusiasts and tourists with its unique literary charm.
However, today’s situation is no longer the same. With the closing of a number of chain bookstores, some
independent bookstores have begun to think about how to continue the British literary tradition with dignity. 48
Judging from the current business model, those who can survive are completing the transition from selling
books to selling life. As the largest independent bookstore in the United Kingdom, Waterstone is currently
undergoing design changes by LDS, a British architectural firm. Architect Alex said they focused on improving
customer experience and planned to build multiple spaces. “We will have some small rooms full of books, like
private study rooms, in which one can discuss his works with the author.” The focus of the future physical bookstore
is on creating an atmosphere. 49 Booksellers and authors generally believe that bookstores must develop
in the direction of a cultural complex so that people come here for a lot of activities, attending concerts, watching
movies, or participating in discussions.
Some writers say that physical bookstores can expand their business beyond selling books and provide
cultural services to customers. Others believe that bookstores can adopt a membership system. 50
Corresponding membership activities are conducted for children and students, and visiting bookstores should
become part of the daily lives of more people as a cultural leisure method.
A．Ever since, adaptations brought the book to new audiences and were incredibly popular, though they received
mixed critical reviews.
B．In addition to discounts, members are given the opportunity to attend lectures, literary gatherings and meetings
with authors.
C ．Recently, British book agents, writers, bookshop operators and other groups gathered here to explore the
survival model of the future bookstore.
D ．After translations into several languages, broadcasting, stage plays, and movies continue to interpret this
friendship based on books.
E．The literary lifestyle of the British, which is deep rooted in its national character, is bound to survive the crisis
of existence.
F．Therefore, bars and cafes are an essential part of the bookstore to improve the comprehensive experience for
visitors.
IV. Summary Writing (10 分)
51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no
more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Art Gallery Visits
The lasting rainy winter is a season that feels heavy with depression. Luckily, I have a way to escape from the
winter blues — visiting art galleries. Engaging with art closely, particularly in winter, is a life enhancer and a relief
from loneliness, sadness, and frustration.
When viewing things we find beautiful, activity in the pleasure and reward centres of the brain goes up. So
when I don't have the time, or energy to take on challenging new themes in the gallery, I return to the comfort of my
favourites: the blue in David Hockney's swimming pool, Agnes Martin's faint, delicate lines, or John Constable's
cloudy Brighton summers. The comforting properties of these artworks are best experienced during winter.
And did you know that even on the busiest of days, in the busiest galleries, there is potential for mindfulness?
Mindfulness is hard to catch for me — my head feels like a mix of shopping lists, decade-old angers, and random
song bits I can't name, but time spent in a gallery is the closest I get to being truly present. Part of this is down to
"slow looking”, the practice of taking time to really absorb an artwork rather than giving it a glance, reading the
accompanying description, having another quick look and moving on. The experience can be powerful and
informative.
Often, I visit galleries alone to gather my thoughts. I just want the company of form, colour, material. But
sometimes I'll take my daughter. To me, joy was walking her and watching as her eyes widened in curiosity, tiny
fingers pointing: "Do you see what I see?” Telling her: "Yes ... but also no.” That we all see these things in a
different way is such an important lesson that reaches into every part of our lives. Remembering that perception is
personal is precious for me. This knowledge keeps me in a good state.
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V. Translation (第1-2 句，每句3 分；第3 句，4 分；第4 句5 分；共15 分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．图书馆里有海量的读物供我们选择。（vast）
53．究竟是什么激发他学习电子工程的积极性无从得知。我们不妨等着瞧。（There is ...）
54．骑车环游小岛，落日的景色如此美轮美奂，让我挪不开眼。(tear)
55．摄影师细致记录了这栋精美的木构建筑，为这份文化遗产的修复提供了重要参考。(provide)
VI. Guided Writing （25 分）
56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below.
假设你是风华中学高三学生李华。你所在的学校“创意社团(the Creative Society)”正在策划一项面向大宁社
区青年的推广活动(a promotion campaign)，现有三个备选项目：
① 推广一个城市漫步主题路线(a Citywalk theme route)；
② 推广一个“旧物改造”环保工作坊(an “Upcycling” environmental workshop)；
③ 推广一个社区“技能交换”平台(a community “Skill Swap” platform)。
请你给社团委员会(the Society Board)写一封信，提交你的想法。信中必须包含：
1. 你选择推广的一个项目；
2. 你选择该项目的理由；
3. 你的详细推广计划。
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