03 介词与介词短语
[考点一] 介词的基本用法
(一)表示地点的介词
1.表示地理位置的in,on,to
in表示在某范围内，on指“与……毗邻”,to指在某环境范围之外。
Changchun is in the northeast of China.(长春是中国的组成部分)
Mongolia is on the north of China.(蒙古与中国接壤)
Japan is to the east of China.(中国和日本是隔海相望的)
2.表示“在……上”的on和in
on只表示在某物的表面上，而in表示占去某物一部分。
There is a book on the piece of paper.
There is an interesting article in the newspaper.
3.表示“穿过……”的through和across。
through表示从内部通过，与in有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上通过，与on有关。
Water flows through the pipe.
The old man walked across the street.
4.above,below,over,under,on,beneath的区别
above 在某物的斜上方
below 在某物的斜下方
over在某物的正上方
under在某物的正下方
on在某物的上面(两者接触)
beneath 在某物的下面(两者接触)
(二)时间介词
1.in,after
in表时间，常表示“在……之内”,有时in还有“在……之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具备
两个条件：
(1)所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来；
(2)后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可，否则用after或later。
My father will be back in three days.我父亲将在三天以后回来。
My father will be back after three o'clock.我父亲将在3点后回来。
My father came back after three days/three days later.我父亲是三天后回来的。
2.for,since
介词 用法for 指时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久
since 接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续
到说话的时刻，因为常与延续性东西的完成时连用
Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement.
布朗先生喜欢乡村生活，退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o'clock.汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。
3.during,through,over
(1)during指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发
生过，起止时间比较明显。
He often falls asleep during the class.课堂上他常常打瞌睡。
(2)through在……期间；从……开头到结尾(所指时间包括在内，此时与throughout相同。)
Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family through his father's illness.
在他父亲生病期间，汤姆坚强地撑起了养家的压力。
(3)over在(做)……期间；此外，over还有“贯穿(一时间段)”的意思，相当于during。
We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。
(三)表示工具，手段、方式的介词
1.by,in on
三个词都可以表示旅行的方式
(1)不涉及交通工具的名词前用by,名词前不带冠
词。如：by sea,by water,by land,by air等。
(2)涉及交通工具的名词前用by,名词需用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。
如：by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceship等。
(3)当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
如：travel to New York on this plane,go to school on my bike等。
2.with,in
(1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。
We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.
我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听、用腿走路。
(2)in{原料、颜料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等(大、小写字母
Please answer me in English.
请用英语回答我。
The artist wrote in ink/pencil(=with a pen/a pencil).那个艺术家用钢笔/铅笔写字。
(3)注意以下固定短语：
on/over the telephone/radio通过电话/广播
in this/that way 用这/那种方式
by this/that means 用这/那种方式
with this/that method用这/那种方式
（四）表示原因的介词
介词 用法
with 多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作
或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心
理状态的原因
for 多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及
reason,famous等词连用
from 常接抽象名词，表示自然或间接原因
of 用于某些形容词后，后接与感情相关的人或事
over 常用于带有感情色彩的动词。如：cry,quarrel,laugh,sigh等词之后，叙述所发生事情的原因
Her face went red with anger.她气得脸都红了。
The West Lake is famous for its scenery.西湖以它的景色而闻名。
(五)其他常考的介词
1.against
(表示方位)倚靠着……;(表示态度)反对；(表示对比)以……为背景
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.
看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。
2. beyond
(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。
3.except,except for,but,besides,apart from
介词 意义 用法
except 除...外 指整体里面排除部分，其宾语为前面的整体概念的同类语（一类人或
物）
except for 除了 表示除去整体中的一部分，指对非同类事物的排除，它所叙述的事实或
细节部分地修正了句子的主要意思but 除...之外 常与nobody,none,no one,nothing,anything,all,who等连用，此时可与except
换用。后接名词、代词或不定式
besides 除...外（还）有 句中常有other,others,also,else等词，相当于in addition to
apart from 除...（别无），除... 可用来替换besides,except,except for等
外（尚）有
He answered all the questions except the last one.
除最后一个问题没有回答外，其余所有问题他都回答了。
The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
这篇作文写得很好，只是有些拼写错误。
No one but Karl went there.除卡尔外，没有人去那里。
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day,which was named officially____________ the
United Nations on November 27th,2019.
2.(2022·全国新高考I卷)Food waste goes ____________the moral grain.
3.(2021·全国甲卷)Banned from the hotel____________2001,Burchill is now welcome to come back,the Fairmont said.
4.(2021·全国新高考I卷)Some pieces of music can go____________40 minutes and require up to 50page turns,including
back turns for repeat pas-sages.
5.(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they
lived____________,through agriculture.
6.(2020·新课标卷Ⅱ)____________a novelist,I've found a new relationship with libraries.
7.(全国卷I)The team hopes to make it to market____________the near future.
8.(全国卷Ⅱ)____________the past two years,Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero
gravity,and they think they're close to a solution.
9.(全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used every where in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat
____________their hands.
[考点二]介词短语
1.at+名词
at peace处于和平状态
at sea茫然，在大海上
at work在工作
at will任意地
2.beyond+名词beyond compare无与伦比
beyond description难以形容
beyond doubt无疑
beyond one's reach够不着
beyond recognition面目全非
3.by+名词
by accident偶然地
by chance碰巧
by mistake错误地
by hand用手工
by nature天生地
by coincidence碰巧
4.in+名词
in all总计
in advance事先，提前
in common共有，相同
in detail详细地
in general通常，大体上
in need在危难中
in turn轮流
5.in+名词+of
in terms of就……而言
in need of需要
in favor of支持，赞成
in search of寻找
in the form of以……形式
in place of代替
in case of假使
in honour of为纪念
in spite of尽管
in charge of掌管，负责
in possession of拥有，占有
in control of管理，控制，操纵
in celebration of为庆祝in memory of为了纪念……
in support of为支持
6.on+名词
on purpose故意地
on leave在休假
on time准时
on exhibition/show在展出
on fire着火
on sale出售
7.out of+名词
out of sight看不见
out of reach够不着
out of order发生故障
out of breath上气不接下气
out of control失去控制
out of balance失去平衡
8.其他常考短语
as a result of因为，由于
far from远离，远非
for fear of唯恐
instead of代替，而不是
regardless of不管，不顾
along with与……一起
next to紧挨着
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国甲卷，69)Now,Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew
4,700 kilometers_______Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20,planning to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
2.(2022·全国乙卷)Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead_______the train could guide it
like a co-pilot.
3.(2022·全国乙卷)Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is _______great importance,and the
industry is playing its part.
4.(2021·全国乙卷，66)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure
travel,various types_______ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.5.(2021·浙江卷)In 1844 they bought it_______$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their marriage
ceremony in 1842.
6.(2020·新课标卷I)We are often ashamed _______our shortcomings,our mistakes and our failures.
7.(2020·山东卷)Museums must compete_______people's spare time and money with other amusements.
8.(2019·江苏卷改编)Favorable policies are_______ effect to encourage employees' professional development.
9.(2019·天津卷改编)In spite_______all the problems,several of the players produced excellent performances.
10.(2019·新课标Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _______dogs,seven to be exact.
11.(2019·浙江高考)The answer _______this question is not clear.
链接高考
介词在语法填空中的命题点
介词在语法填空题中通常以无提示词的形式进行考查，通常从以下几个方面进行考查：
1.考查常用介词的用法
①(2022·全国甲卷)World Ocean Day,falling _______ June 8th,is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
②(2021·全国甲卷，42)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.It was
built originally to protect the city _______ the Tang Dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
2.固定搭配中的介词使用
①(2022·全国甲卷)And then in late November,Tilly had an operation_______ her leg.
②(2020·新课标卷Ⅱ)Bamboo plants are associated ___________health,abundance and a happy home
专题语法练习
单句语法填空
1.(2021·全国甲卷)When I was 15,my family moved_________Washington.
2.It's a good idea to get students to retell a story _______ their own words.
3.Rose was wild with joy_______ the result of the examination.
4.It was a real race _______ time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it.
5.A serious study of physics is impossible _______ some knowledge of mathematics.
6.I have an appointment _______ Dr.Smith,but I need to change it.
7.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest,look in your local library__________a book about it.
8.100℃ is the temperature _______ which water will boil
9.Nick,it's good for you to read some books _______ China before you start your trip there.
10.He was a good student and scored _______ average in most subjects.
11._________present,they are busy with their homework.
12.As the only child,Jack was _______ possession of all the belongings after his parents died.
13.“Looking at photos gives the subjects a sense _______purpose,and planning to take them is a motivational force,”the
researchers say.14.The Chinese have been eating and developing various kinds of noodles _______thousands of
years.
15.(2022·黄冈二模)The coronavirus pandemic has already had a significant effect _______the way people move about.
一、单项选择
1．（2023·陕西西安·西安中学校考模拟预测）The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he ________
experience.
A．is lack of B．is lacking in C．lacks of D．is lacking of
2．（2023·河南郑州·郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测）Britain’s Prime Minister and the health secretary, the man
________ Britain’s fight against the coronavirus both tested positive for the disease.
A．in honour of B．in the name of
C．in charge of D．in terms of
3．（2023·天津河北·统考二模）Good advertising, ________ people attach positive meaning, can contribute to the sales
of a product.
A．to which B．of which C．for which D．on which
4．（2023·河南郑州·郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测）Surviving________ a little food during the days when he was
buried, he was the only survivor who survived the strong earthquake and he ________ his wife by 10 years with
no________ relatives.
A．on; lived longer; survival B．by; lived longer; surviving
C．by; survived; survival D．on; survived; surviving
5．（2023·河南郑州·郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测）They share________ information ________ a quid pro quo basis.
A．a large amount of; in B．a great number of; on
C．a large quantity of; in D．a great deal of; on
6．（2022·天津南开·统考一模）—How did you make so rapid progress in your English? Do you have any secrets?
—No.Only ________ hard working.
A．in terms of B．in honor of C．by means of D．on behalf of
7．（2022·天津河西·统考二模）Common sense tells that there is still power loss even when you leave the TV
set________.
A．in its own right B．on the edge of your seat
C．in the stand-by mode D．around the corner
8．（2022·天津滨海新·统考一模）The Battle at Lake Changjin is a domestic film made _____ those brave soldiers who
sacrificed in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.
A．in favor of B．in case of C．in memory of D．in place of
9．（2022·天津·耀华中学校考模拟预测）She knew it was dangerous to visit him at night, but she set out ________ therisk.
A．regardless of B．in case of C．in time of D．because of
10．（2020·江苏扬州·统考二模）Being a popular actor or model, a so-called glamorous job, can be a quite hard life, with
a lot of travelling ________ heavy schedules.
A．on account of B．on behalf of C．in regard to D．in relation to
11．（2020·江苏·统考一模）The government agrees that it will provide medicine injections emergencies to children
experiencing severe allergic reactions.
A．in salute to B．in case of
C．in care for D．in return for
12．（2020·江苏·统考一模）Some new degree courses will be carried out the current ones，so that students can gain
success more easily.
A．in respect to B．in terms of
C．in contrary to D．in parallel to
13．（2020·江苏·统考一模） the reality，concrete instructions of this machine should be made to larger speeds and
feeds.
A．Concerning；cater for
B．Concerning；allow for
C．Considering；apply for
D．Considering；allow for
14．（2020·江苏·统考一模）As a command of the instructor，the children called out their names .
A．in turn B．in return C．at times D．in time
15．（2020·江苏·统考三模）_______, his suggestion is not helpful, though it sounds very interesting.
A．Generally speaking B．On the contrary
C．In particular D．To be honest
16．（2020·江苏南通·金陵中学校考三模）—Could you possibly tell me what to do with such sort of situation?
—It’s no good asking me all the time, Anna. You’ll have to learn to think yourself.
A．of B．to C．by D．for
二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2023·江西吉安·江西省泰和中学校考一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词
的正确形式。
Different countries have wildly different forms of greeting.
In the USA, when you pass by someone you know, a nod is acceptable, and you usually shake hands with someone you
first meet. But in Latin countries, a firm handshake 17 (consider) rude. In my home country, Mauritius, when peoplemeet, they usually kiss each other 18 the cheeks. This is also common in France, 19 the act is called
faire la bise. However, this is not 20 universal rule.
During my first week in the USA, I kissed every single girl I met. My friends had to tell me that that was inappropriate,
21 (leave) me in great embarrassment. What is common here, however, is for friends 22 (hug) each other –
something I was not used to. Hugs always make me 23 (frighten) because I don’t really like that. This may seem
strange since even kissing 24 (stranger) is normal in my country. Now that I think about it, I hate cheek-kissing as
well.
Wouldn’t it be 25 (enjoy) to have a greeting code that is 26 (wide) acceptable? I’m not saying we
should start doing that, but we can surely do something to avoid misunderstanding.
参考答案
考点一
1.by 2.against 3.since 4.for 5.in 6.As 7.in 8.For 9.with
考点二
1.from 2.of 3.of 4.of 5.for 6.of 7.for 8.in 9.of 10.of 11.to
连接高考
1.①on ②in 2.①on ②with
专题语法练习
1.to 2.in 3.at 4.against 5.without 6.with 7.for 8.at 9.about/on 10.above 11.At 12.in 13.of 14.for 15.on
参考答案
1．B2．C3．A4．D5．D6．C7．C8．C9．A10．A11．B12．D13．D14．A15．D16．D
17．is considered 18．on 19．where 20．a 21．leaving 22．to hug 23．frightened 24．
strangers 25．enjoyable 26．widely
