专题 02 阅读理解（说明文）
考查范围：主题、语篇范围
题号 难度 知识点
一、阅读理解
1 较易 社会问题与社会现象,说明文
2 适中 科学技术 ,说明文
3 适中 游戏,说明文
4 适中 环境保护,说明文,气候变化及影响
5 适中 情绪,体育健身 ,说明文
6 适中 科普知识 ,说明文
7 适中 健康饮食 ,说明文
8 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文
9 较难 科普知识 ,说明文
10 适中 信息技术 ,科学技术 ,说明文
11 较难 科普知识 ,说明文
12 适中 环境保护,说明文
13 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,人工智能
14 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,航空航天
15 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文
16 适中 方法/策略,说明文
（一）
（2025届新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区高三下学期一模）
The Influence of Social Media on Youth
Social media has become an integral part of the lives of today’s youth. It offers a platform for them to
connect with friends, share ideas, and express themselves. However, its impact is a double-edged sword.
On one hand, social media provides numerous educational opportunities. Many educational institutions and
organizations use social media platforms to disseminate knowledge. For example, there are language-learning
groups where members can practice speaking with each other, and science-related pages that share the latest
research findings. Youth can access a vast amount of information that can broaden their horizons and enhance their
learning.
Moreover, social media helps in building social skills. Through online communication, young people caninteract with peers from different backgrounds. They learn how to express their opinions clearly, understand
different viewpoints, and develop empathy. For instance, in a debate group on social media, participants learn to
respect others’ ideas while stating their own.
On the other hand, social media also has its downsides. One of the major concerns is the issue of cyber-
bullying. Some individuals use social media platforms to harass, intimidate, or spread rumors about others. This
can have a severe negative impact on the mental health of the victims, leading to depression, anxiety, and low self-
esteem.
Another problem is the addiction to social media. The constant stream of notifications and the need to stay
updated can lead to excessive use. Youth may spend hours scrolling through their feeds, neglecting other important
aspects of their lives such as studies, physical activities, and face-to-face relationships.
In conclusion, social media has a significant influence on youth. While it offers many benefits, it also poses
several challenges. It is essential for parents, educators, and society as a whole to guide the youth to make the most
of social media’s advantages and minimize its disadvantages.
1．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To condemn the use of social media.
B．To promote the use of social media among youth.
C．To only focus on the negative effects of social media.
D．To discuss the positive and negative effects of social media on youth.
2．According to the passage, how does social media benefit youth educationally?
A．It replaces traditional educational institutions.
B．It only focuses on language learning.
C．It makes youth lazy in learning.
D．It provides a platform for knowledge sharing and learning.
3．What negative effect of social media is mentioned in the passage?
A．Building social skills. B．Cyber-bullying.
C．Connecting with friends. D．Enhancing learning.
4．How does the author view the impact of social media on young people?
A．Unconcerned. B．Completely negative.
C．Objective. D．Completely positive.（二）
（2025届新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区高三下学期一模）
Engineer Kerstin Göpfrich builds machines. But rather than building metal devices, she makes tiny ones to
work inside our cells. Göpfrich leads a research group focusing on the “engineering of life” at the Max Planck
Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany.
Our cells are already full of nature- made machines carrying out the daily tasks of living. Many are proteins.
But sometimes our natural protein- machines don’t work right. Broken biomachinery causes many diseases, So
scientists are considering how they might fix faulty proteins. They might wire up artificial nerves to replace
damaged ones.
And the potential for such devices goes beyond making repairs. Scientists are looking at how to give cells
new abilities, hoping that by developing enough novel biomachines, they might make new forms of life. So if a
protein is faulty, why not make a new one in the lab?
Back when Frankie Rawson was a student, he asked his teachers that. Now a nanotechnologist at the
University of Nottingham in England, Rawson has answered his own question, “It turns out that we’ re not very
good at artificially re- creating what biology does.”
Biologists like Rawson and Göpfrich found a workaround. They’re creating nanomachines that do the same
jobs as proteins. With the right design, these nanomachines can do so easier at less cost. They also can be more
stable using fewer ingredients.
To build them, researchers work with many types of materials. Rawson uses carbon nanotubes. Göpfrich
even uses biological molecules, such as DNA．Rather than heal old or damaged body parts, she’d replace them
with new ones.
Scientists have learned to make small synthetic (合成的) biology fixes. Our cells must work together. “Think
of them like the wiring of a house,” Rawson says. Flip a switch, and a light turns on. That’s a big- scale effect. But
each small piece in the system must work properly to get that end effect.
5．What does paragraph 2 intend to tell us?
A．The cost of repairing proteins. B．The prospect for nature- made machines.
C．The challenge of natural protein- machines. D．The background of creating new biomachines.
6．Why is Rawson mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To present scientists’ failure in biology. B．To convey his idea of life engineering.
C．To show making proteins in the lab is hard. D．To explain why nanotechnology is important.7．Which can best explain the underlined word “workground” in paragraph 5?
A．A new dilemma. B．A difficult condition.
C．An alternative solution. D．An unbelievable story.
8．What does the last paragraph mainly express?
A．The effect of proteins on our body. B．The combination of the wiring of a house.
C．The complexity of the human body system. D．The precision required for synthetic biology.
（三）
（2025届自治区普通高考适应性检测分学科一模）
In a world where ever-changing high-end techniques are redefining the lifestyles of “Generation Z”, a game
named Black Myth: Wukong, with its exquisite scenarios and Chinese culture genes, has brought about a mania
among gaming enthusiasts worldwide.
Within 10 hours of its official release globally, the Triple-A game had over two million concurrent players on
Steam. The unexpected success of the game, developed by a private Chinese company over six years, has allowed
people to appreciate exotic Chinese traditional culture in addition to the fun and joy of playing the game.
Wukong, or Monkey King, is an iconic figure from Journey to the West—a Chinese classic novel dating
back about 500 years. Back to the essence, just as Feng Ji, the game’s producer, said,
“The game is good enough in quality to attract games to soak into the Chinese god-evil story.” An ongoing
hot discussion on Reddit’s online game community shows games are “hardworking” on every detail of the novel.
Games combining iconic cultural elements may be regarded as a form of cultural exchange. Indeed, enjoying
the game could be a journey to experience the beauty of Chinese culture—its music, landscapes, architecture,
clothes, or even folk tales. “Traditional culture is right there, and you’ll like it when you see it,” said the game’s art
director, Yang Qi. “What we can do is to give people a closer look through the game.”
China’s abundance of well-preserved historical buildings offered the domestic game developer an innate
advantage. Digitally scanning ancient buildings to present them in the game is more cost-saving and provides a
better authentic experience.
Of course, a game is a game. China will always welcome travelers from around the world who want to
explore and learn more about its profound culture.
As a Reddit user wrote, “I (American) have been waiting so long to have more Chinese influence in the
Western game sphere. Chinese culture and mythology are rich. I hope we can get more stuff like this. Would love togo to China someday.”
9．What does the underlined word “mania” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．challenge B．reflection C．craze D．pursuit
10．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The developer of the game. B．The popularity of the game.
C．The influence of the game. D．The contents of the game.
11．What are the games talking about on Reddit’s online game community?
A．The hard work of producers. B．The description of Chinese culture.
C．The fun of playing the game. D．The plots of Journey to the West.
12．Why is the game popular among players worldwide?
A．It promotes exotic folk tales. B．It protects ancient buildings.
C．It contains traditional Chinese culture. D．It includes breathtaking landscapes.
（四）
（2025届自治区普通高考适应性检测分学科一模）
Yatir forest looks like a normal desert in winter. The only sounds are the buzzing of insects and the
occasional roar of a plane. In spring, though, this place bursts with new life. Pink and yellow wildflowers carpet the
forest floor; camels and horses graze in open meadows. Foxes, rabbits, fieldmice, and snakes all dwell in Yatir - a
human-made oasis on the northwest edge of the Negev Desert, around 30 miles south of Jerusalem.
Planted in the 1960s by the Jewish National Fund (JNF), a non-profit land development agency that manages
more than a tenth of the country, Yatir is Israel’s largest planted forest. Had these hills been left alone, they might
be covered in low shrubs like Jerusalem sage and hairy bread-grass. Instead, four million trees, 90 percent of them
hardy Aleppo pine, spread over almost12 square miles of semi-arid land.
“For us, Yatir is a laboratory where we study the forest’s effect on climate, at the edge of the conditions for
forest growth,” says Rotenberg, who joined the project in 2000. “What we learn now about Yatir will be serving a
warmer, dryer world in many regions. ”
Fifteen years’ worth of measurements in Yatir, beginning in 2001, do show that the forest takes up a
surprising amount of carbon - as much as forests in more humid areas, says Rafat Qubaja, a Palestinian researcher.
Semi-arid shrub and grasslands cover nearly a fifth of the planet’s land, some10 million square miles; if they all
were planted with trees, the Yatir results suggest, they might absorb around 10 percent of current fossil fuelemissions.
At Yatir, Rotenberg says, “we are always surprised by the ability of trees to survive. ” Even during an
extreme drought from 2008 to 2009, when the forest endured 349 straight days without rain, most trees persevered.
“I’m sure if no one touches the forest in 100 years, when you visit here, you’ ll see pine trees standing,”
Rotenberg says, “The forest won’t give up easily. ”
13．What can be learned from the Yatir forest?
A．It’s an oasis before 1960. B．It has an energetic spring.
C．It’s the largest planted forest. D．It presents nothing but sounds.
14．What does the Yatir project aim to do?
A．To diversify current species.
B．To conserve a habitat for new life.
C．To stimulate the growth of trees in the forest.
D．To learn the link between the forest and climate.
15．What does the author imply by mentioning semi-arid shrub and grasslands?
A．Further efforts should be invested.
B．More fossil fuel emissions can be absorbed.
C．Trees are vital to absorb carbon emission.
D．It’s hard to measure Yatir’s effect on climate.
16．What’s Rotenberg’s attitude towards the future of Yatir?
A．Unclear. B．Critical.
C．Confident. D．Dismissive.
（五）
（2025届黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北三省四市教研联合体高三下学期一模）
A new global review of data from the Spanish study found that increasing the number of daily steps, even if
at modest levels, was associated with a reduction in depressive symptom (症状). Researchers led by Jimenez-
Lopez, of the University of Castile-La Mancha, noted there’s already solid evidence that exercise of any kind is a
natural antidepressant. But what about something as easy as walking? To find out, they looked at data from high-
quality studies on daily step counts and their links to mental health.
The new review covered 33 studies with a total of more than 96,000 adults worldwide, including those whoused fitness-tracker devices to calculate their daily steps. Compared to a baseline of 5,000 steps taken per day, folks
who took even 1,000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop in their chances for developing depression, the researchers
found. Those benefits quickly mounted up. Compared to folks walking 5,000 steps per day or less, those who
walked 7,000 steps per day had a 31% lower chances for depression. “In addition, counts above 7,500 steps per day
were associated with a 43% lower frequency of depression,” Jimenez-Lopez and colleagues wrote, and those trends
held true for “all age groups, females and males.” There did seem to be a leveling out of mental health benefits at
about 10,000 steps per day, the data showed.
As has been observed in studies on mental health, up to a level of about 10,000 steps per day causes the
chances for depression to decline. However, the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond
this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.
Furthermore, the new findings add walking to many other forms of physical activity — weight training, yoga
and even Tai Chi — as ways to help prevent depression. “Setting goals for the number of daily steps can be a
rewarding and inclusive public health strategy for the prevention of depression,” the study suggested.
17．What can be inferred about the Spanish study from paragraph 1?
A．It contradicts former study results. B．It looks into effects of any exercise.
C．It focuses on depression treatment. D．It confirms the benefits of walking.
18．What drives changes in frequency of depression in Jimenez-Lopez’research?
A．Step counts. B．Age range. C．Exercise type. D．Gender difference.
19．What can be concluded about walking over 10, 000 steps per day?
A．Risks of other diseases drop sharply. B．Physical health improves dramatically.
C．The stress level declines less obviously. D．Depressive symptoms totally disappear.
20．What is the best title for the text?
A．Exercise Types: Comparing Benefits.
B．Step Counts: A Natural Mood Controller.
C．Fitness Trackers: Promoting Daily Activity.
D．Public Health: Strategies Against Depression.
（六）
（2025届黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北三省四市教研联合体高三下学期一模）
If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that whenanything goes wrong, the fault lies in some great intrigue (诡计) against us. If a co-worker fails the deadline, he
must be trying to beat you to a promotion. When Wi-Fi in a coffee shop is not working, the staff must be lying
about having it just to attract you in.
But the fact is that the simple explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker
thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the Wi-Fi just went wrong. This is where Hanlon’s razor works
— a useful mental model that one should never consider what can be fully explained by neglect (疏忽) as doing
harm on purpose.
Applying Hanlon’s razor, a helpful tool for rapid decision-making and comprehension, in our daily lives
makes us less judgmental, and improve our reasoning skills. Meanwhile, Hanlon’s razor allows us to have more
empathy (同理心) and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others, the value of which is
most pronounced in relationships, business matters, and personal happiness.
We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs, a common response is
to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. When someone messes up around us, we forget
how many times we, too, have done the same. Instead, the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance.
To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem. None of us can ever know what
someone else wants. Inability or neglect is far more likely to be the genuine cause than the desire to hurt. When a
situation annoys us, it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are necessary. Often, the best way to react to
other people causing us problems is by seeking to communicate with them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can
avoid repeats of the same situation.
21．What can we learn about Hanlon’s Razor?
A．It is a way to solve colleagues’ problems.
B．It avoids taking neglect as intentional harm.
C．It is a device for restoring Wi-Fi connection.
D．It identifies who is responsible for mistakes.
22．What do we usually do when things fail?
A．We turn to trustworthy persons. B．We change current situations.
C．We deal with negative emotions. D．We misjudge others’ intention.
23．What does the underlined “the perpetrator” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The mind reader. B．The error maker.
C．The problem solver. D．The event planner.24．What is suggested when others cause problems?
A．Losing temper to them. B．Putting them on the spot.
C．Exchanging ideas with them. D．Turning a blind eye to him.
（七）
（2025届黑龙江省名校协作体高三下学期一模）
Exposure to a high-sugar diet has previously been linked to a raised risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes (糖尿病)
and high blood pressure. Whether this is a causal link is unclear, and investigations into such questions are
hampered since it’s hard for researchers to force people to follow specific diets. But the same isn’t true of wartime
governments, so Gracner at the University of Southern California and her colleagues made use of a situation in
World War Ⅱ that acted like a natural experiment.
In January 1940, a few months into the war, the UK began rationing (配给) food, which included limiting
adults to around 40 grams of sugar daily. When rationing ended in September 1953, people rapidly increased their
sugar consumption.
Gracner’s team analyzed the health records of people surveyed between 2006 and 2019, all raised during the
last few years of rationing and exposed to limited sugar intake before and after birth. The researchers also looked at
the same data from people born a year or so after rationing ended. The two groups had a similar family history of
type 2 diabetes, to enable comparisons between them. Across both groups, the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and
high blood pressure was much lower for those who were raised during rationing. Members of this group had a 35%
lower chance of developing type 2 diabetes by their mid-60s, and those who did so were on average four years later
than those raised after rationing ended.
Grucially, while rationing saw many changes in the diets of British people, it appears that cutting down on
sugar made a big difference. One explanation might be that early exposure to sugar sets up a preference for eating
sweet things throughout life. It could also lead to changes that reduce how well people control blood sugar levels,
raising the risk of type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, Gracner says.
“The results show there are clear benefits in cutting down on sugar, ” says Scott Montgomery in Sweden.
“People should reduce sugar intake to the recommended levels. ”
25．What does the underlined word “hampered” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Strengthened. B．Visualized. C．Anticipated. D．Blocked.
26．What happened after the ending of rationing in the UK?A．A limit was set to adults’ daily consumption of sugar.
B．People’s daily sugar consumption increased sharply.
C．Some people suffered bad health for lack of food.
D．Research began on the effect of poor nutrition.
27．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．What mainly contributed to type 2 diabetes.
B．Why limited exposure to sugar benefited people.
C．How Gracner’s team carried out their research.
D．What age groups were at the risk of high blood pressure.
28．What was the impact of the rationing system in the UK?
A．It delayed people’s developing type 2 diabetes.
B．It left people exposed to sugar at an early age.
C．It raised people’s awareness of the value of food.
D．It reduced people’s ability to control blood sugar level.
（八）
（2025届黑龙江省名校协作体高三下学期一模）
A new study led by PhD candidate Ashley Kim and Professor James Nieh has found that artificial light is not
only a health concern for humans, it also affects the sleep patterns of honeybees and poses a threat to their essential
role as pollinators (传粉者).
“Our research shows just how sensitive honeybees are to changes in their environment, particularly to
something as seemingly harmless as artificial light,” said. Kim of the study: “By disturbing their sleep patterns, we
see clear evidence of reduced sleep periods. This raises significant concerns, not only for bee health but also for the
health of ecosystems that depend on them for pollination.”
Honeybees generally prefer to nest in dark environments, although a small-amount of light can enter from
the entrance. Sleeping bees typically remain immobile but exhibit certain movements if disturbed by nestmates.
Like us, when bees experience a poor night’s sleep, problems in behavior and function emerge. Sleep is
crucial for the health and fitness of groups of bees since they depend on a complicated system of communication
known as the “waggle dance” that informs nestmates about the location of food sources in the environment. Bees
dance more poorly and therefore do not communicate as well if they do not get enough sleep.Through a series of experiments, researchers compared groups of bees that underwent normal sleep in the
dark with others that were subjected to continuous artificial light. The results clearly showed that prolonged (长期
的) exposure to light significantly affected the sleep pattern of honeybees, leading to bad behaviors.
Among the details described in the paper, bees exposed to continuous light slept less and were more
frequently disturbed by other bees compared to those kept in normal darkness. Also, bees exposed to continuous
light exhibited a preference for darker areas within their experimental cages.
“Understanding the factors that affect bee health, such as light pollution, is essential for developing strategies
to protect pollinator populations. With artificial light increasing, this research throws light on how such
disturbances may be harming pollinators.” said Nieh.
29．What effect does artificial light have on bees?
A．Changing the color of bees. B．Reducing the number of bees.
C．Making bees less sensitive. D．Shortening bees’ sleep time.
30．What can we infer about bees from paragraph 4?
A．Sleep is no light matter for bees. B．Bees dance to show the food amount.
C．It is easy for bees to have sleep problems. D．Bees have the same sleep habits as humans.
31．What did researchers find in their experiments?
A．Long sleep leads to bees’ bad behavior. B．Sleeping bees remain motionless completely.
C．Bees under continuous light like darker places. D．Honeybees prefer to nest in bright environments.
32．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．The variety of bees’ sleep pattern. B．The factors that affect bees’ sleep.
C．The harm of artificial light on bees. D．The link between pollinators and ecosystems.
（九）
（2025届吉林省白城市洮北区白城市第一中学高三下学期一模）
Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In
Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s
mystical theories were debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of
reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.
This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陈代谢的) systems, let alone the electronic
products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences for ourmemory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye
Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.
You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest. We sleep in
cycles (周期) , each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM.
As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM
sleep) decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when
waking up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of
REM.
The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer. We recover from emotional hurt
faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to
take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁药) — dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn
to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM
while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.
We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with
quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration (整合) of
unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems
requiring creative solutions.
Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core”
appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we look at diet
and exercise habits.
33．What’s Carl Jung’s view about dreams?
A．They cause chaos. B．They damage immunity.
C．They reveal secrets. D．They mirror reality.
34．Why is the sleep process explained in paragraph 3?
A．To show a dream mainly occurs during REM sleep. B．To prove the minimum sleep time should be
seven hours.
C．To prove dream problems and sleep problems are attached. D．To show people often dream when
waking up in the morning.
35．What conclusion can be inferred from paragraph 5?
A．Dreaming promotes creativity. B．Dreaming helps fight depression.C．The brain still receives new information during REM sleep. D．The brain is paying the price for having
more non-REM sleep.
36．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The importance of sleep lies in dreams. B．The absence of dreams is terrible for us.
C．Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize. D．Dreaming has mystical power of
strengthening memories.
（十）
（2025届吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学高三下学期一模一模）
Statistics show that the market value of global Extended Reality (XR) industry has gone beyond $20.4
billion. XR, an umbrella term including technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and
Mixed Reality (MR), refers to real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated
by wearable devices and computer technology. As XR technologies become more mature, they have been gradually
applied in more scenarios (场景) that are closely related to the daily life of ordinary people, and have seen new
consumer markets in recent years.
The application of XR technologies has made it possible for users to “travel to the past” and “wander in the
universe” through virtual trips. An XR experience store in Shenzhen, recently launched a program e for citizens,
which involved digital tours to the Jurassic period (侏罗纪) and outer space.
XR technologies have also been integrated into the application scenarios concerning smart tourism projects.
XR technologies can help tourist attractions launch systems that enable visitors to better learn about faraway places
and remote times in immersive (沉浸式的) scenes, as well as tourist guide systems and other systems that bring
wonderful experiences for visitors through VR or AR glasses, mobile apps and browsers. Compared with offline
tours, scenarios reproduced by XR technologies can enrich the experiences of users.
China’s Spring Festival Gala last year adopted XR technologies, enabling singers who couldn’t be present at
the gala to give performances remotely.
The XR industry is full of possibilities, and the 5G technology is considered a catalyst (催化剂) for further
stimulating its potential. Last January, the branch of China Mobile, a major Chinese telecommunications operator
in Zhengzhou, built the province’s first “5G+XR” commercial complex in shopping mall.
Industry insiders pointed out that with constant progress being made in the large-scale deployment of the 5G
network and its innovative applications, the “5G+XR” model is producing a large number of new applicationscenarios including social networking, office work, entertainment, exhibition and education, which will provide
broad development space for the XR industry.
37．What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．The historical development of XR technologies.
B．The XR technologies and their commercial value.
C．The challenges faced by the XR industry in the global market.
D．The comparison between XR and other emerging technologies.
38．How does XR help in daily life?
A．Help visitors better plan their travel routes.
B．Take users to travel in outer space in person.
C．Let singers in different places share the same stage.
D．Make tourist attractions more environmentally friendly.
39．What can be inferred from the passage about the “5G+XR” model?
A．It has been widely used in Zhengzhou.
B．It will lead to more people to fail to socialize.
C．It will create many new opportunities for people.
D．It has made traditional shopping malls disappear.
40．How does the writer introduce the use of XR technologies in the text?
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons. D．By explaining reasons.
（十一）
（2025届吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学高三下学期一模）
Evolution can perform spectacular changes. But some organisms like the coelacanth, a modern-day fish,
seem to change very little over eras.
Scientists have long wondered how these species withstand the pressures of natural selection. The current
theory for this “stasis paradox (停滞悖论)” is that stabilizing selection, which favors moderate features, keeps
some species unchanged, unlike directional selection that causes change. However, a study published in the PNAS
contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different features in seemingly unchanging animals
that improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,”says the study’s lead author, James Stroud, a biologist at the Georgia Institute.
Stroud and his colleagues studied four anole lizard(变色龙蜥蜴) species, all relatively unchanged for 20
million years, living on a small island in Florida. The researchers captured members of these populations every six
months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its
sticky toe pads, noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabilizing selection at work
preserving moderate features. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique
features, such as stickier toes survived better in the short term.
In each generation, though, the best features changed — for instance, long legs aided survival in some years
and short legs in others. The direction and strength of selection swung so much that sometimes there was no clear
pattern.
Because the new study shows that natural selection favored extreme features from year to year rather than
moderate ones, its results don’t support the theory of stabilizing selection. Many new features are evolving in the
short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species in stasis may
simply have found the best possible combination of features for lasting success in their environment.
So what happens when a static(静态的) species environment changes more dramatically? To help answer
this bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to Florida to follow ever more generations of the lizards.
41．What is “stasis paradox” according to the text?
A．Directional selection keeps some species unchanged.
B．Some species change rapidly while others remain unchanged.
C．Some species seem free from the pressures of natural selection.
D．Stabilizing selection prefers extreme features keeping species changed.
42．What did Stroud and his colleagues do in the study of anole lizards?
A．Comparing different lizard species and studying their fossils.
B．Studying various features of lizards and their survival.
C．Measuring the survival rate of lizards every year.
D．Focusing on the living conditions of lizards.
43．What did Stroud find in the study of anole lizards?
A．Some features of lizards changed in a short term.
B．Stabilizing selection played a key role in evolution.
C．Many evolved new features can offer a lasting benefit.D．Sharp environment changes caused great effects on lizards.
44．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Stabilizing Selection: The Key to Species Stasis.
B．Stasis Paradox: The Traditional Theory Proven Right.
C．Directional Selection: The Dominant Force in Species Evolution.
D．Rethinking Stasis Paradox: Insights from Anole Lizard Studies.
（十二）
（2025届辽宁省锦州市一模）
Scientists from Argentina are working to understand more about microorganisms ( 微生物) found in
Antarctica that may be able to help clean up pollutants like plastic and diesel (柴油) fuel, anticipating the study
results could be useful for wider environmental issues.
Scientists have a reason for wanting to reduce pollution in Antarctica. The continent is protected by a rule
that says it can be used for research only if it is left in good condition. The scientists found that the microorganisms
can digest the waste created by diesel fuel, which is a common source of heat and electricity at research bases in
Antarctica.
Dr Lucas Ruberto is a biochemist working on the study. He and other scientists went to the Carlini research
base in December. The team carried out tasks related to bioremediation — returning something to it’s natural state.
They cleaned soil affected by diesel fuel by using native microorganisms and plants.
The scientists found that the process, which can be used during Antaretica’s warm season, removed up to 80
percent of pollutants in the soil. Ruberto said the team used microorganisms by adding nitrogen (氮), wetness and
airflow to improve soil conditions. “Basically, with that, we get the microorganisms to biologically reduce, with a
very low environmental impact, the level of pollutants,” Ruberto told reporters.
The scientists are now looking into whether the microorganisms native to Antarctica can eat plastic waste.
They are collecting pieces of plastic from Antarctic waters and looking to see if the microorganisms are degrading
(分解) the plastic. Nathalie Bernard, a scientist in the team, is an expert in plastic biodegradation. She said, “If we
find that it is indeed degrading plastic, the next step will be to understand how it does that.” “The long-term goal,”
she added, “is to create a process in which microorganisms can help clean up plastic and fuel pollution in other
parts of the world.”
45．Why do scientists have to reduce pollution in Antarctica?A．More microorganisms are found there.
B．It can help solve many environmental problems.
C．There is too much waste there created by diesel fuel.
D．They should follow the rule in order to do research there.
46．What do we know about the scientists’ research?
A．Their research has no impact on the environment.
B．They used foreign microorganisms and plants to clean soil.
C．They could remove over half of pollutants in soil in Antarctica’s warm season.
D．They have already improved water condition greatly by using microorganisms.
47．What will the team do first in the future?
A．Do more research in other parts of the world.
B．Master how microorganisms break down the plastic.
C．Clean up all the plastic and fuel pollution in the world.
D．Find out whether microorganisms can degrade the plastic.
48．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To discuss. B．To inform. C．To educate. D．To entertain.
（十三）
（内蒙古自治区赤峰市一模）
An experimental screening method that paired the dogs with artificial intelligence was able to detect the
smell of cancer carried on patients’ breaths. The canine (犬科的)-AI pair was highly accurate and sensitive,
successfully spotting four types of cancer in 94% of cases, according to a report published on November 15 in
Scientific Reports.
“The screening worked just as well detecting early stage cancers as it did later stage cancers,” says Assaf
Rabinowicz, chief technology officer at SpotitEarly, the company that developed the method. “That’s crucial
because early detection can substantially contribute to increasing cancer survival rates.” The method employs dogs’
“amazing sense of smell”, Rabinowicz says. Canines can act like discase detectives, finding faint smells that serve
as cancer’s smell signature.
For this study, Rabinowicz’s team trained Labrador dogs to smell breath samples and sit if they detected
breast, lung, colorectal (直肠) or prostate (前列腺) cancer. However, reading dogs’ body language can be hard, sothe researchers trained an AI model using machine learning and computer vision to interpret the dogs’ signals.
The team partnered with medical centers in Israel to test their system on breath samples from nearly 1,400
participants, 261 of whom had tested positive for one of the four cancer types. With AI, the doggy detectors
identified 245 cases with only 60 false positives out of 1,048 negative samples.
SpotitEarly is planning a larger clinical trial in the United States and aims to report early results in 2026. The
company is now working with Beagle dogs for cancer detection, partly because they’re smaller and easier to train.
But the Labradors who worked in the study are still top dogs and continue to contribute to research and
development, Rabinowicz says.
49．Which of the following best describes the screening method?
A．It cures four kinds of cancers. B．It reduces cancer treatment costs.
C．It removes human involvement in testing. D．It combines dogs and AI to detect cancer.
50．What is the basis of the screening method, according to Rabinowicz?
A．Cancer’s visible signs. B．Dogs’ sense of smell.
C．AI’s calculating system. D．Patients’ medical records.
51．What can be inferred about the future of the detection system?
A．It will be widely promoted in 2026. B．Bigger dogs will join in the research.
C．Further research is required to test the results.D．It will replace traditional detection methods.
52．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A dog-raising guide. B．A science magazine.
C．A medical textbook. D．A technology brochure.
（十四）
（2025届内蒙古阿拉善盟一模）
“If you take a regular piece of paper and try to make it fly, it will flutter, tumble, flip around in the air and do
all sorts of crazy motions,” says Leif Ristroph, an associate professor of mathematics at New York University. “But
if you fold it into a paper airplane, the magic of it is that it doesn’t do all those things,” he says. “It will fly
smoothly.” This awesome ability is why he’s so keen on paper airplanes.
But how smoothly can they fly? Ristroph and a team of fellow scientists decided to test this for the benefit of
science. “To try to understand the math and physics involved, we decided to go simple,” Ristroph says — so simple
that their “paper airplanes” were just small sheets of paper, two inches wide by six inches long, sometimes leftperfectly flat and sometimes folded a bit on each side to give them fins (鱼鳍).
But why study paper airplanes? What’s amazing about them, Ristroph says, “is that there’s no tail that’s
needed”. Most birds and airplanes rely on their tails to keep level while flying. Their wings are used to generate
“lift”, which is the force that overcomes gravity’s tendency to pull objects down. Unless it has a fancy, tailed
design, “a paper airplane does this all in one”, he says. “I doubt our discoveries will change the way passenger
airplanes are designed,” Ristroph says. However, “it could be more useful as we start to think about very, very
small flying aircraft,” such as flying robots and tiny drones for helping search-and rescue teams or monitoring air
quality above cities. Because they may be too small to fit separate lift and stability mechanisms, perhaps they can
offer them together as a simple paper airplane does.
Kids can also benefit from Ristroph’s research. For the typical paper airplane - with paper folded into a
triangular shape - Ristroph suggests experimenting like he did to make it fly smoothly. Put a paper clip on the body
of the plane, the place where you hold it to launch it. Try putting the clip in various spots, forward and backward.
“Sooner or later, you will hit the perfect position and the airplane will gracefully soar.” Ristroph says.
53．Why did Ristroph use “simple sheets of paper” in his experiments?
A．To reduce the costs of scientific research.
B．To illustrate the basic principles of flight.
C．To imitate the flying complexity of birds.
D．To prove the unsteadiness of flat paper.
54．What can be inferred about future small flying robots based on the passage?
A．They will replace passenger airplanes entirely.
B．They require complex tail systems to function well.
C．Their design might combine lift and stability mechanisms.
D．Their development will differ from paper airplane research.
55．How does Ristroph view the practical impact of his research?
A．Cautious. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.
56．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How far can a paper plane go?
B．How was Ristroph’s research carried out?
C．How fast can a paper plane fly?
D．How will Ristroph’s research promote creativity?（十五）
（2025届内蒙古呼和浩特市一模）
Why do we find ugly animals so appealing? And what makes odd-looking creatures so cute?
Evolution (进化) plays a role. According to Austrian zoologist Konrad Lorenz, human attraction to childish
features, such as big eyes, large heads and soft bodies, is an evolutionary adaptation that helps ensure that adults
care for their young, guaranteeing the survival of their species. Odd-looking animals such as blobfish, pugs, and
bulldogs all share these childish qualities that initiate an affectionate response among humans. And these childish
characteristics increase a person’s “protective behavior, attention and willingness to care” for the individual and
reduce the “likelihood of attacks towards a child”, says Marta Borgi, a researcher.
Ugly animals often have other value—some, like the blobfish or the naked mole rat, live in extreme
environments that they have adapted to in remarkable ways. Scientists are keen to study these animals to
understand whether their biology might provide fresh insights that could lead to treatments for human health
conditions such as cancer, heart disease and other deadly diseases.
Our fascination with ugly-cute animals can also be traced back to culturally-based causes. “The ugly-cute
thing is very fashionable,” says Rowena Packer, a lecturer of animal behavior. “This is partly driven by social
media, with many influential people showing off pet pugs and French bulldogs on the Internet,” she says.
But there are some serious welfare concerns around this trend. Vets are urging people not to choose a flat-
faced dog, because they suffer from serious health problems. Pugs and French bulldogs which have been
selectively produced experience breathing difficulties, repeated skin infections and eye diseases.
We may want to rethink our love for “ugly-cute” animals because of their silly features like protruding (鼓出
的) eyes and wrinkly faces.
57．Why do people like ugly animals according to Konrad Lorenz?
A．People appriciate their efforts to survive.B．People appreciate their super adaptability.
C．People are attracted by their childish looks. D．People are fond of their fast response speed.
58．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．What media are changing people. B．How public practices influence people.
C．Whether social media is worth believing.D．Why celebrities show off their pet animals.
59．What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s love for ugly animals?
A．Opposed. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Cautious.60．How does the author mainly answer the questions raised in Paragraph 1?
A．By quoting different researchers’ findings. B．By showing some examples of keeping pets.
C．By observing people’s behavior towards animals. D．By referring to authoritative evolutionary theory.
（十六）
（20252025届内蒙古呼和浩特市一模）
When we encounter a troublesome problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. However, substantial
evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. You
start by asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately. Next, you pool them and
share them among the group without telling the authors. Then, each member evaluates them on his or her own, only
after which do the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options. By developing
and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them, the team can surface and advance
possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile. Given
the urgency of the situation, the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions. Rather, they established a global
brainwriting system to generate individual ideas. A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone. This
specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners, making it possible to save
them.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this
method works. They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation. In brainstorming
meetings, it’s too easy for participation to become one-sided in favor of the loudest voices. The brainwriting
process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation. The goal isn’t to
be the smartest person in the room. It’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity, but it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a
greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means they not only come up with more
brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas. Therefore, it takes collective judgment to find the signal in
the noise and bring out the best ideas.
61．What is special about brainwriting compared with brainstorming?
A．It highlights independent work. B．It encourages group cooperation.C．It prioritizes quality over quantity. D．It prefers writing to oral exchanges.
62．Why does the author mention the Chile mining accident in paragraph 3?
A．To introduce a tool developed during brainwriting.
B．To praise a young man with brainwriting technique.
C．To illustrate a successful application of brainwriting.
D．To explain the role of brainwriting in communication.
63．How does brainwriting promote collective intelligence according to paragraph 4?
A．By blocking the loudest voices. B．By allowing equal involvement.
C．By improving individual wisdom. D．By generating more creative ideas.
64．Which step of brainwriting does the author stress in the last paragraph?
A．Individual writing. B．Group sharing.
C．Personal evaluation. D．Joint discussion.
