专题 03 阅读理解（记叙文+新闻报道+议论文+书评）
考查范围：主题、语篇范围
题号 难度 知识点
一、阅读理解
1 较难 科普知识 ,科学技术 ,说明文
2 适中 社会问题与社会现象,夹叙夹议
3 较难 哲理感悟,议论文
4 较难 科普知识 ,夹叙夹议,时间管理
5 适中 旅游观光,记叙文,个人经历
6 适中 新闻报道,善行义举（个人）
7 适中 科普知识 ,新闻报道
8 适中 文学形式与文学作品,说明文
9 适中 日常生活 ,发明与创造 ,记叙文
10 适中 美术与摄影,社会问题与社会现象,新闻报道
11 适中 社会问题与社会现象,说明文
12 适中 社会问题与社会现象,议论文,人工智能
13 较易 记叙文,善行义举（个人）
14 适中 记叙文,生活故事
15 适中 课程,记叙文
16 适中 哲理感悟,议论文
17 较难 语言与文化 ,议论文,人工智能
（一）
（2025届河南省信阳市固始县固始县永和高级中学一模）With the help from an artificial language (AL)
model, MIT neuroscientists have discovered what kind of sentences are most likely to fire up the brain’s key language
processing centers. The new study reveals that sentences that are more complex, because of either unusual grammar
or unexpected meaning, generate stronger responses in these language processing centers. Sentences that are very
straightforward barely engage these regions, and meaningless orders of words don’t do much for them either.
In this study, the researchers focused on language-processing regions found in the left hemisphere (半球) of
the brain. By collecting a set of 1,000 sentences from various sources, the researchers measured the brain activity of
participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they read the sentences. The same sentences
were also fed into a large language model, similar to ChatGPT, to measure the model’s activation patterns. Once the
researchers had all of those data, they trained the model to predict how the human language network would respondto any new sentence based on how the artificial language network responded to these 1,000 sentences.
The researchers then used the model to determine 500 new sentences that would drive highest brain activity
and sentences that would make the brain less active, and their findings were confirmed in subsequent human
participants. To understand why certain sentences generate stronger brain responses, the model examined the sentences
based on 11 different language characteristics. The analysis revealed that sentences that were more surprising resulted
in greater brain activity. Another linguistic (语言的) aspect that correlated with the brain’s language network responses
was the complexity of the sentences, which was determined by how well they followed English grammar rules and
bow logically they linked with each other.
The researchers now plan to see if they can extend these findings in speakers of languages other than English.
They also hope to explore what type of stimuli may activate language processing regions in the brain’s right
hemisphere.
1．What sentences make our brain work harder?
A．Lengthy. B．Logical.
C．Straightforward. D．Complicated.
2．What is the function of the AL model in the research?
A．To examine language network. B．To reduce language complexity.
C．To locate language processing area. D．To identify language characteristics.
3．How did the researchers carry out their study?
A．By conducting interviews. B．By collecting questionnaires.
C．By analyzing experiment data. D．By reviewing previous studies.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．AL Model Stimulates Brain Activities
B．AL Model Speeds Up Language Learning
C．AL Model Reveals the Secrets of Brain Activation
D．AL Model Enhances Brain Processing Capacity
（二）
（2025届河南省五市高三下学期一模）“Where can I find your disability section?” This was the question
that baffled Waterstones staff when asked by Dr Hannah Barham Brown. It should have been a pretty straightforward
answer. Hannah was looking for the part of the shop where non-fiction books about disability and by disabled authors
were kept, but the question drew a blank.This is because most bookshops don’t have a specific place for non-fiction disabled books. Where there are
sections for non-fiction books on important sections of identity such as race, gender and social studies, disability has
been forgotten about again.
Hannah took to social media to share her disappointment and it resonated(共鸣)with much of the disabled
community. After being asked by one Waterstones staff member if she could fill a shelf, she sourced a long list that
could take up a whole bookcase. And there is a huge number of them to choose from. There are also some incredible
new and upcoming books by disabled voices. And hopefully, in the coming years, my own memoir book will also sit
alongside them.
From my own experience, the book-writing world is a hard space to access as a disabled woman. We’re
constantly told there isn’t a market for our books or cheated off by agents and publishers who say they already have
something similar—when often the only similarity is that we’re disabled women. Not having our own section feeds
these problems. The response I’ve had to this campaign shows that the demand for these books is there.
Growing up I would get swept up in stories of regular girls having adventures—but as someone treated with
multiple conditions from the age of nine onwards, I very rarely saw myself in the pages I was pouring over. Growing
up I never saw myself in books and it was one of the reasons I struggled to accept my disabilities. Hopefully disabled
kids will grow up learning they’re fine just as they are.
5．What does the underlined word “baffled” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Amused. B．Moved. C．Confused. D．Angered.
6．What is the problem with books for the disabled in the bookstore?
A．Few of them are published.
B．No special areas are for them.
C．The latest ones are in short supply.
D．They are seen as non-fiction books.
7．What can be inferred about the author?
A．She is a writer. B．She is a teacher.
C．She is a historian. D．She is a librarian.
8．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To donate books to the disabled.
B．To promote books from the disabled.
C．To support education for the disabled.
D．To address reading needs for the disabled.（三）
（2025届河南省五市高三下学期一模）What if everything happens for a reason? Burnt toast theory, a
modern view on this classic idea, suggests that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives
happens for a bigger reason.
Imagine you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work. According to burnt toast theory, this tiny
inconvenience can cause a domino effect (多米诺效应). Your morning gets delayed by three to five minutes—just
enough time to leave the house later than usual and avoid a potential car accident. Or perhaps you catch a later train,
missing an awkward encounter with someone you don’t intend to see. You might even meet someone new whom you
wouldn’t have otherwise met, leading to a friendship or romantic connection.
When we feel like things are outside our control, that can be scary. The burnt toast theory can help some people
let go of their need for control and take negative situations more positively.
However, while maintaining a positive mindset can be beneficial, over-optimism can lead to “poisonous
positivity”. When we only allow ourselves to focus on positive thoughts, we are denying ourselves the chance to
properly deal with challenges and difficult situations to better ourselves, focusing on creating a false positive façade
(假象) instead. By constantly avoiding negative experiences, we might ignore their real impact on us and fail to
acknowledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel worse about ourselves, and may lead to pushing down
negative feelings or experiences, and refusing to acknowledge or deal with them fully.
Instead of focusing purely on positive thinking, working towards developing a growth mindset may be more
helpful. You don’t always have to look for life’s silver linings, or even the meaning behind a little burnt toast.
Sometimes things happen, and they suck. But as long as we take time to acknowledge how these things make us feel,
and recognize that we can’t always control everything around us, we can still work towards improving ourselves, and
how we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.
9．What can be inferred from the burnt toast theory?
A．Life is a process, not destination. B．Lost in the east, gained in the west.
C．Life is full of endless challenges. D．Lost time will never be found again.
10．Which can be an outcome from “poisonous positivity”?
A．Loss of chances to grow. B．Failure to acknowledge others.
C．Inability to control emotions. D．Decline in physical health.
11．Which can be seen as a growth mindset mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．Finding reasons for failure.B．Avoiding pushing others too hard.
C．Accepting life and making it better.
D．Keeping a positive mindset and working hard.
12．Which is the best possible title for the text?
A．Bum Toast Theory: Find a True Self
B．Bum Toast Theory: Lead a Positive Life
C．Burn Toast Theory: More than Positivity
D．Burn Toast Theory: How to Live Actively
（四）
（2025届河南省名校联盟高三一模）I talked with a friend recently who is overwhelmed by her workload.
She asked me what tips I might have for her around time management. That question surprised me. I’ve never thought
of myself as someone with great time management skills, mostly because I tend to avoid rigid productivity systems,
believing that they limit creativity.
It wasn’t until we parted that it hit me. I don’t focus on time management, but on energy management.
Somewhere along the way, I learned that the time something takes is secondary to energy. I would argue that you
could work six hours on a task that gives you energy and feel fresh and ready for what’s next. Or, you could spend
three hours on a tiring and unfulfilling task and need to check out for the rest of the day.
I’m a fan of making lists and getting things crossed off the list. But maturity has taught me that satisfaction
comes not from crossing things off the list, but intentionality about what goes on the list. If everything on the list is
an energy waste, how will it feel to get those things done?
Russ Hudson, a teacher, said something recently that blew the doors open for me on this concept. He spoke
about the energy of frustration (懊恼), but it could be applied to any negative emotion. He said that frustration is an
addictive emotion because it causes us to be stressed. Hudson said, “Life force gets trapped in frustration.” So that
extensive energy I spend being frustrated is trapping life force energy that might go to more useful, productive,
creative pursuits.
In a world that often focuses on getting the most out of every hour, it’s about time we should change our focus.
We should pay attention to how our energy changes throughout the day, and learn how to create, use, and save it. It’s
not hard to start thinking this way. We just need to be more aware of ourselves and make careful choices.
13．Why is the author’s friend mentioned in paragraph 1?
A．To lead in the topic.B．To clarify a definition.
C．To present a common phenomenon.
D．To share a personal experience.
14．What is the author’s core argument about productivity?
A．Completing tasks quickly guarantees satisfaction.
B．Making task lists lays the foundation for achievements.
C．Energy management matters more than time management.
D．Strict time management systems are essential for success.
15．According to Russ Hudson, why is frustration problematic?
A．It wastes time that could be used for work.
B．It makes people ignorant of their limitations.
C．It leaves people trapped in their comfort zone.
D．It stops people pursuing something meaningful in life.
16．What might be talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Ways to reduce negative emotions in work.
B．The relationship between energy and creativity.
C．The disadvantages of focusing on time management.
D．Examples of managing energy through awareness and choices.
（五）
（2025届河南省创新发展联盟高三下学期一模）I was staying on the island of Kos and the friend I have
there wanted to show me a nice beach on the island of Telendos. To visit Telendos, we had to take the boat to
Kalymnos, drive through the island to the other side and take the boat to Telendos from there. This short drive through
Kalymnos was enough for me to appreciate the island’s beauty.
Kalymnos is world-famous for its sponge (海绵) divers, so I wanted to meet at least one. I had been told that
they were supposed to be difficult-to-reach people. In fact, my experience was out of kilter with this widely-held
view. Five minutes after I arrived, I met Antonis, who was selling his sponges on his boat by the harbour. Through a
brief exchange, I learned he used to be a sponge diver, but now he has retired.
I asked him whether he had a warehouse (货仓) where we could go together. He was surprised and told me
that there was not much to see or photograph in his warehouse. He gave me directions to more modern ones. When
people say things like that to me, I know that this is the place I will probably be photographing. However, I took thetime to go and see the modern warehouses, which I didn’t care for too much, photographically speaking. Just by
chance, I saw Antonis wandering around. I asked him again if we could go to his warehouse. It was not far away, so
he agreed.
As I had expected, his warehouse was a feast for my eyes. It was just what I had in my mind. I wasted no time
and asked to take his photo.
As I traversed the island, the sight of traditionally clothed women got positive reactions, even from locals not
accustomed to such dresses. A voluntary visit to an elderly villager’s home, warmly welcomed, added a close touch
to my cultural journey.
17．What does the underlined part “was out of kilter with” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Was contrary to. B．Cast light on.
C．Was consistent with. D．Had something to do with.
18．How did Antonis react to the author’s request to visit his warehouse at first?
A．Excitedly. B．Unwillingly. C．Impatiently. D．Anxiously.
19．Why did the author show little interest in modern warehouses?
A．They were not easy to reach. B．He didn’t find them well-equipped.
C．They were not appealing for photography. D．He didn’t trust what Antonis had recommended.
20．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To display the natural beauty on Kalymnos.
B．To show the daily life of the locals on Kalymnos.
C．To share his personal travel experience on Kalymnos.
D．To introduce the unique profession of sponge divers on Kalymnos.
（六）
（2025届山西省高三下学期一模一模）A supermarket in Manchester, UK, has introduced a “quiet hour”
to assist autistic (患自闭症的) customers. The ASDA branch in Cheetham Hill, led by manager Simon Lea, has
created a special time during which the store becomes much quieter and calmer. During this hour, escalators (手扶
电梯) are stopped, in-store music and televisions are turned off, and the usual crowd and noise of the store are
minimized. This initiative aims to help people who are sensitive to noise and may find the typical shopping experience
intense, especially those with autism.
The idea for this project was brought out when Simon witnessed a young boy having lost control of emotions
in the store. The boy, who was with his mother, became upset by the loud noises around him. Simon, who saw theboy’s mother looking terribly tired, offered the child a football to calm him down. When the boy started playing with
the ball, his mood immediately improved. This moment inspired Simon to think about how the store could better
support customers with autism and other sense-related issues.
Simon’s goal is to create a more welcoming environment for everyone. He believes that the quiet hour will
benefit not only people with autism but also those who suffer from anxiety or other mental health conditions, as he
himself has struggled with anxiety in the past. The store also provides a special map for autistic customers, with
pictures instead of words, to make it easier to get around.
Tom Madders, Head of Campaigns at the National Autistic Society said, “We are very pleased to hear that
ASDA are introducing a ‘quiet-hour’ in its Manchester store. This initiative is a great example of an organization
taking the trouble to understand how autistic people experience the world and we hope other businesses are inspired
to follow their example. ”
21．Why is the “quiet hour” introduced at ASDA?
A．To improve the store’s efficiency. B．To attract more customers to the store.
C．To help people who are sensitive to noise. D．To offer discounts for special-needs customers.
22．What inspired Simon Lea to launch the initiative?
A．His observation of a child with autism struggling.
B．His personal experience with dealing with anxiety.
C．Complaints from customers about excessive noise.
D．Suggestions from a mother of a child with autism.
23．What is Simon Lea’s belief about the “quiet hour”?
A．It will primarily benefit people with children.
B．It will be successful in attracting new customers.
C．It will make the store more efficient and organized.
D．It will help those with autism and mental health issues.
24．What is Tom Madders’s reaction to ASDA’s changes?
A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Concerned.
（七）
（2025届山西省高三下学期一模一模）Research reveals that not only brain cells, but also cells from other
body parts, can store memories. This discovery offers new insights into memory function and potential treatments
for memory-related issues, according to New York University. The research aimed to explore whether non-brain cellscontribute to memory by applying the massed-spaced effect — a principle suggesting that information is remembered
better when learned over multiple periods rather than through intensive study in a single session.
In their study, published in Nature Communications, scientists investigated two types of non-brain human
cells in a laboratory setting. These cells were exposed to various chemical signals, similar to how brain cells respond to
neurotransmitters (神经递质) during learning. In response, the non-brain cells activated a “memory gene”— the
same gene that brain cells use for detecting patterns and restructure their connections to form memories. To monitor
this process, the researchers engineered the cells to produce a fluorescent protein, allowing them to track when the
memory gene was turned on or off.
The results showed that these cells could detect repeated chemical signals, similar to neurotransmitter bursts
in the brain, rather than extended ones. This mirrors how brain cells register learning with spaced breaks instead of
learning everything all at once. When signals were spaced out, the “memory gene” was activated more strongly and
for a longer time than when delivered all at once. “This reflects the massed-spaced effect,” says Kukushkin, a clinical
associate professor at NYU. “It shows that repeated learning is a fundamental property of all cells.”
“This discovery opens new doors for understanding how memory works and could lead to better ways to
enhance learning and treat memory-related issues,” observes Kukushkin. “It also suggests that in the future, we may
need to treat our body like the brain, considering how systems such as digestion or cancer cells ‘remember’ patterns
to regulate blood sugar or respond to the pattern of cancer treatment. ”
25．What does the massed-spaced effect illustrate?
A．The brain stores memory during deep sleep.
B．Spacing learning over time improves memory.
C．Memory is stored only when repeated continuously.
D．Learning everything in one session reduces memory.
26．What does the underlined phrase “fluorescent protein” refer to?
A．A neurotransmitter produced by brain cells.
B．A type of chemical signal released by cells.
C．A protein found only in brain-related research.
D．A substance that indicates active memory genes.
27．What can be learned from the research in paragraph 3?
A．All cells possess the basic characteristic of repeated learning.
B．Cells do not respond to chemical signals during learning.
C．Intensive learning is more effective than spaced learning.D．The brain only uses extended bursts of neurotransmitters.
28．What could be a suitable title for this article?
A．Exploring Memory Function in the Brain.
B．The Role of Non-Brain Cells in Memory Storage.
C．How Brain Cells Detect Patterns during Learning.
D．The Impact of Chemical Signals on Memory Formation.
（八）
（2025届陕西省西安市新城区西安中学一模）Elon Musk has offered a prize of $100m for the best carbon
capture proposal. I can save his committee a lot of time. The money should go to Peter Wohlleben, whose book The
Hidden Life of Trees was the most encouraging blockbuster of 2015. Wohlleben’s idea is this: do nothing about trees.
Stop fiddling with them, thinking that we can deal with climate change better than nature. If we fiddle, our Romes
will burn.
The Hidden Life of Trees argued that trees are social. It shows that they can be our saviors. But it’s terribly
hard to let ourselves be saved. We think we can be the authors of our salvation (拯救). Of course, there are things we
could and should be doing, but in terms of forestry practice, often what’s billed as part of the solution is part of the
problem.
Anyone who has planted a tree in their garden knows that it has a far-reaching effect — it makes your garden
cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Forests cool by transpiring (蒸发). If there’s no water, there’s no cooling.
Drought can kill trees fast, but trees have many ways of dealing with it, and Wohlleben sets them out. As a species,
we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behavior — and that’s how trees survive, too. Trees learn
from their past harms and produce younger ones programmed with those lessons. They regulate their growth by
changing the rate at which they drip (点滴)-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.
Deciduous (落叶的) forests in particular remove greenhouse gases effectively as long as they live. Cut them
down and burn them and you’re releasing carbon dioxide not just from the wood, but also from the forest floor.
Deciduous trees are not “harvest-ready” at 200 years: they are teenagers. We must interrogate comforting expressions
such as “renewable energy”, and learn the real cost of our toilet paper.
If we don’t learn to do nothing about trees, they will eventually be alone anyway—but without us. Wohlleben
brilliantly and readably shows us how urgent and how hard it is to do nothing.
29．What does Wohlleben suggest for carbon capture?
A．Fight climate change. B．Leave trees alone.C．Save the earth. D．Change forestry species.
30．How do trees survive the drought?
A．They slow their growth. B．They lose all their leaves.
C．They stop absorbing water. D．They get help from humans.
31．What can we infer from the text?
A．We can cope with climate change successfully. B．Trees can adjust their growth by themselves.
C．It is hard to stop releasing carbon dioxide. D．It is urgent to regulate the growth of trees.
32．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To illustrate the carbon capture system. B．To give an account of the survival of trees.
C．To clarify a proposal for a reward. D．To recommend a book.
（九）
（2025届陕西省菁师联盟一模）At the end of 2015, Delhi’s air pollution was so alarming that the high court
said it was like “living in a gas chamber”. To tackle the problem, inspired by policies adopted in other countries and
regions, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal introduced driving restrictions on private vehicles beginning 1 January 2016:
Cars with odd and even number plates would be allowed to run on alternate days. But this created a problem of
transportation, to which Akshat Mittal found a solution, a website called odd-even. com.
It was a neat carpooling fix for thousands of city workers—odd-numbered car owners were matched with
even-numbered ones, based on timings, gender, profession and age. They could book a one-way ride or a return
journey, using their cars by turns. Quite simple really, but it took a 13-year-old to figure it out. The website got over
30,000 registrations during the first phase alone.
As an unusually focused teenager, Akshat doesn’t see himself as any different from other kids. His favorite
subjects are mathematics and physics and he loves playing badminton. But rare at his age, the 10th grader sees himself
as a “someone who identifies problems and tries to solve them by making products, using technology”. Encouraged
by his father, he has been doing basic web programming. “I always wanted to learn new languages”—but it looks
like computing is the language of his choice.
Now 15, Akshat has come a long way. He sold his website to the ride-sharing app. Orahi in April 2016. Among
the youngest entrepreneurs in the world, he is now working on a project called Change My India, a platform for
change-makers to connect and solve societal problems.
Akshat’s contributions have not been ignored——apart from extensive media coverage, he has been recognized
by The Global Education & Leadership Foundation and invited to speak at TEDx and VCCircle.33．Why did Akshat Mittal set up odd-even. com website?
A．To discuss driving restrictions.
B．To raise awareness of air pollution.
C．To aid with Delhi’s vehicle registration issue.
D．To address a transportation problem for city workers.
34．What’s paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Who are qualified for registration. B．Why car owners are matched randomly.
C．How Akshat Mittal’s solution works. D．What is supposed to be done to book a journey.
35．Which of the following best describes Akshat?
A．Emotional. B．Creative. C．Inflexible. D．Humorous.
36．What do we know about Akshat’s entrepreneurial journey?
A．He has the courage to take risks. B．He will be involved in multiple projects.
C．He’s widely honored for his work. D．He intends to buy a ride-sharing app.
（十）
（2025内蒙古自治区赤峰市一模）A Munich art museum worker has been fired for adding one of his own
drawings to the collection without permission, which occurred in February.
The Pinakothek der Moderne showcases art by Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Nam June Paik and Max Ernst,
among many others. The uninvited artist is not named in news accounts; the managers want to discourage others
trying the same thing, unless, of course, they’re Banksy. We know only that the unauthorized artwork was 23 by 47
inches.
Museums and galleries have limited space and budgets, and often display what they know people want to see.
“Sometimes it can feel like it’s the same 25 artists always being exhibited in museums,” Clara Lieu, a former Rhode
Island School of Design professor, told us. “I laughed softly when I saw this story,” she added. “It’s an exhibition
opportunity that has never crossed my mind.”
Nevertheless, she hopes other artists won’t follow with their own unapproved wall hangings, adding “Today,
most of the time we look at artworks is on a phone. That makes museums even more important, to create experiences
where we can engage with art more deeply. But all artists have a fundamental desire for their artworks to be seen.”
I wonder if museums and galleries might consider having Open Wall nights, the way comedy clubs have Open
Mic nights. Let people who paint, sculpt, knit, spray-paint, put their work on a real museum wall or base for a night,
with permission.An Open Wall night might open a window through which more artists can be spotted and reminds us, too, that
creating something with the power to charm, dazzle, or fascinate is not as easy as just hanging art on a wall.
37．What is mentioned about the worker’s artwork?
A．It measured 23 by 47 inches. B．It was stolen from the museum.
C．It was inspired by Salvador Dali. D．It was modeled after Banksy’s works.
38．What is Clara Lieu’s attitude to the art incident?
A．Amused yet disapproving. B．Critical yet sympathetic.
C．Indifferent and uncaring. D．Enthusiastic and supportive.
39．What does the author suggest museums and galleries do?
A．Display more works of famous artists. B．Encourage artists to create digital artworks.
C．Increase their budgets to collect more artworks. D．Offer more space for artists to show their works.
40．What does the article mainly discuss?
A．A worker got fired for stealing artworks.B．Artists are frustrated with few shows.
C．An incident starts museum-access talks. D．Museums should focus on digital artworks.
（十一）
（2025内蒙古自治区赤峰市一模）We all know someone like the ‘know-it-all’, who will enthusiastically
lecture you about any topic or area, despite obviously having little to no expertise in what they’re talking about-and
often, even though you do. Why would anyone assume superior knowledge to everyone else, about every possible
subject matter? There are several quirks of human psychology that help explain this behaviour.
One is the phenomenon of ‘naive realism’, which describes how people naturally assume that their perception of
the world reflects objective reality. In actuality, everything we perceive and ‘know’ about the world has been filtered
through a complex net of cognitive biases (认知偏差), sensory shortcuts and more. Once we encounter people whose
understanding of the world is very different to our own, naive realism leads us to assume they are wrong.
Another potential cognitive bias at work is ‘The illusion (错觉) of information adequacy’. Put simply, this
describes how though many people lack sufficient information to make correct judgements about something, they’ll
assume the opposite. It’s logically very hard to recognise and take account of what we don’t know.
For example, someone notices their female co-worker running to the bathroom to be sick every morning. Based
on just this information, they could conclude “she’s pregnant!” and plan to congratulate her. However, she reveals
her sickness is due to chemotherapy (化疗). Since the first person made a conclusion with painfully insufficient
evidence, they had the illusion of information adequacy.A combination of illusion of information adequacy and naive realism can make people believe they know more
than they actually do. But even then, there’s still clearly more at work. For instance, some psychologists believe that
the human brains tend to seek a sense of autonomy also accounts for the ‘know-it-all’ phenomenon. Besides, the
pursuit of social status may drive the ‘know-it-all’ people to keep their superiority and dominance as well.
Thus, the contradiction emerges: to become a ‘know-it-all’, you have to know far too little.
41．According to the passage, people with “naive realism” likely_____.
A．think their perception is always right B．quickly change their world view
C．have complex cognitive biases D．respect others’ different views
42．Why does the author mention the example of the female co-worker?
A．To show how people make correct judgments.
B．To illustrate “illusion of information adequacy”.
C．To clarify the link between pregnancy and chemotherapy.
D．To explain the importance of having sufficient information.
43．How does the pursuit of social status influence “know-it-all” behavior?
A．It has no direct connection. B．It urges theme to learn more.
C．It encourages more modesty. D．It forces them to seek authority.
44．What does the author imply by the underlined words?
A．People with a lot of knowledge are less likely to be “know-it-all”.
B．“Know-it-all” actually have vast amounts of knowledge but don’t show it.
C．The more knowledge one has, the more likely they are to be “know-it-all”.
D．There is no relationship between knowledge amount and being “know-it-all”.
（十二）
（2025届内蒙古阿拉善盟高三下学期一模）After 25 years at Mumsnet, the UK’s most popular website for
parents, I thought I’d seen it all with big tech, but Google’s push to change UK copyright law for uncompensated
content scraping (抓 取) left me stunned. We’ve experienced the direct impact of this, launching the first British
legal action against OpenAI for scraping our content — likely for training its large language model (LLM) — without
approval, a clear copyright violation (侵权).
You might wonder why using online content for AI training is a problem, given Google’s data collection for
search purpose since the dawn of the Internet. When websites allow Google to access their data, they receive a clear
return on investment: the heightened search traffic that originates from being listed in Google’s search rankings. Incontrast, AI training is building models such as ChatGPT to provide the answers to any prospective questions, and
that will mean people no longer need to go elsewhere for solutions. And it is building those models with illegally
scraped content from the very websites it is ready to replace.
Allowing the AI companies to simply steal content isn’t just unfair to publishers who see no reward for the
work they put in, or the risks they take, it’s also an existing threat to them and eventually counterproductive. If
publishers disappear because the AIs have swept up all their traffic, then who’s left to produce the content to feed the
AI models?
Mumsnet is fortunate to be in a stronger position than many, as much of our traffic is direct, not search-engine
driven. An AI chatbot can give a “Mumsnet-style” answer to a parenting question, but they’ll never be as funny about
parking wars, and they’ll never offer the emotional support that helps around 1,000 women leave abusive partners
each year. But if these trillion-dollar giants are allowed to exploit content producers, and get away with it, they will
destroy many of them, and all the jobs dependent on them.
45．What does the underlined word “traffic” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Flow of information. B．Engine of websites.
C．Function of chatbot. D．Model of AI training.
46．What’s the ultimate effect of using unpaid content?
A．Innovation in language models. B．Rejection of AI-generated data.
C．Decline of content supply. D．Wider accessibility to websites.
47．What gives Mumsnet an advantage over AI chatbots?
A．It boasts strong search function.
B．It covers a wide range of human concerns.
C．It features humanized interaction.
D．It has a distinctive question-and-answer style.
48．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To explore AI’s role in future content creation.
B．To advocate the acceptance of content scraping.
C．To voice worries over tech giant’s misuse of content.
D．To discuss the cooperation of tech giants and publishers.
（十三）
（2025届青海省西宁市大通县一模）A New Hampshire woman has raised nearly $400, 000 for an elderlydisabled man named Donald, who has been battling to keep up with bills while caring for his wife. The story began
when Jenelle encountered Donald at a pawn (典当) shop in Manchester, where he was unwillingly pawning jewelry
to cover his bills.
Donald shared with Jenelle the hardships he was facing: His rent had increased, and he was finding it
increasingly difficult to make the pot boil while caring for his wife. He feared they might lose their home and that his
beloved wife could end up in a care facility due to their financial pressure. Deeply moved by his situation, Jenelle
immediately took action. She gathered $1, 300 from her own savings and contributions from friends and family to
help the 90-year-old. A video she shared of Donald receiving the money quickly went viral, recording the moment he
called Jenelle “a hero”.
The outpouring of support didn’t stop there. Jenelle set up a GoFundMe page for Donald, and the response
flooded in. Donations poured in from around the world, bringing the total to nearly $400, 000. In an update, Jenelle
shared the emotional moment she told Donald about the incredible generosity of strangers. “I told him it meant that
everyone in the world was seeing this and stepping forward to donate,” she said. “Even before I told him the amount,
he was already extremely emotional and couldn’t believe the kindness of strangers across the world.”
Despite the outpouring of support, Donald remained humble, insisting he didn’t deserve it and that he was just
an ordinary man. But as Jenelle explained to him, he’s much more than that to the countless people who have been
touched by his story. Jenelle plans to keep the fundraiser open until she and Donald can meet with an agent to ensure
the money is safely managed. This remarkable act of kindness shows how the generosity of strangers can transform
lives, offering hope and security to those who need it most.
49．What is Donald’s difficulty?
A．Pawning his jewelry. B．Renting a house.
C．Making ends meet. D．Managing his movement.
50．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．How Jenelle started the movement. B．Hardships Donald and Jenelle shared.
C．What was Donald’s fear in his life. D．Why Donald called Jenelle “a hero”.
51．Which best describes the donation after GoFundMe?
A．Limited. B．Massive. C．Occasional. D．Regular.
52．What can be concluded from the text?
A．Distant water cannot quench present thirst. B．Many hands make light work.
C．A single tree cannot support a forest. D．Good deeds deserve good rewards.（十四）
（2025届四川名优校联盟高三下学期一模）It was while touring Mississippi that John Ingall first spotted
the plant that would change his life: the hardshell gourd (葫芦), a squash-like fruit with a thick, woody skin. After
that, he saw them almost everywhere he went: carved gourds in porches, hanging gourds, gourds reimagined as
lanterns and bird boxes. “I developed an interest,” Ingall says.
Ingall worked for 45 years as a farmer, but had never seen fruit turned into art before, nor considered himself
in the least bit artistic. “I was so involved with farming, I didn’t have time to be. But I thought, ‘I’ll try it.’”
When he returned to his farm in Warwickshire, Ingall planted a few among the tomatoes. In no time, the vines
had grown to 6ft tall. Walking through the tunnel some weeks later, he parted the foliage and was surprised to see
some enormous fruit growing.
Ingall grew up in the Kent countryside, and knew from childhood that he wanted to be a farmer. His father was
a banker, his mother a housewife. “They were very against me going into farming,” he says. But Ingall was set on
the idea: “I had a pretty romantic idea of what it would be like farming and living in the countryside.” Over that
period, Ingall’s establishment evolved gradually through 15 years of intensive dairy farming to less intensive beef
farming, then organic farming and now, to rewilding.
“I don’t really enjoy surprises. I like things to progress steadily.” he says. Yet his gourds have empowered him
to surprise himself. “I’d like to introduce gourd art to more people here. It’s a form with great potential.”
Ingall started by making lanterns, and now incorporates (包含) stained glass into the shells. He also creates
what are known as thunder gourds: “Fix a drum skin to it, and when you shake it, it makes a sound like thunder.
People come to our open studio, see a gourd hanging and don’t know what it is. Then I shake it — and jaws drop.”
As well as selling gourds through his personal studio, Ingall markets them at art fairs, donating profits to fight
the climate crisis. “It’s very fulfilling. Gourds are an entirely sustainable canvas for many types of art.” he says.
53．What did Ingall find during his Mississippi tour?
A．A new plant native to the city. B．An innovative farming method.
C．The city’s art environments. D．Gourds turned into works of art.
54．What do we know about Ingall as a farmer?
A．He became rich by farming. B．He improved the crop variety.
C．He liked change in a controlled way. D．He was grateful to his parents’ opposition.
55．What was special about Ingall’s gourd art?
A．It can surprise people. B．It is environment-themed.
C．It is for personal collection. D．It will be put on the market.56．What is the passage mainly about?
A．A new art gaining global popularity.
B．A profitable plant with a potential market.
C．A farmer who turned a crop into works of art.
D．An artist with an environmental consciousness.
（十五）
（2025届四川省巴中中学高三下学期一模）“Being overly logical and rational is the wrong way to make
important life decisions,” says Michael Puett in his class, after a student asks how to deal with the issues at the
crossroads of life. “Decisions are made from the heart. In Chinese, ‘mind’ and ‘heart’ are inseparable. We would
make better decisions when we let our rational and emotional sides blend (融合) into one.” Puett is one of the scholars
who teach students ancient Chinese philosophy at Harvard University.
Puett has seen more students who are feeling pushed onto a very specific path towards very concrete career
goals. Thus, he set up the course and helped the college students struggling to find their place in the world figure out
how to have a good life and create a good society. His course has gone viral among the Harvard students.
One of Puett’s former students, Adam Mitchell, attracted by Chinese philosophy, was once at a loss. During
that time, majors related to finance and economics were quite popular. Few students would choose humanities. Adam
had intended to major in economics. But after his introduction to the professor’s course, he chose to follow his own
heart and study Chinese, and knew what his life goal was.
Puett believes we should train ourselves to be ‘spontaneous’ (率性的) in daily life, much like practicing the
piano to play effortlessly, instead of relying only on rational decision-making. At the end of each class, Puett challenges
his students to put the Chinese philosophy into practice in their everyday lives. “I’m not trying to give my students
really big advice. Instead, I just want to give them a sense of what they can do daily to transform how they live.”
57．What is Puett’s suggestion for decision-making?
A．Follow rules and guidelines. B．Integrate heart and mind.
C．Depend on reason and logic. D．Rely on emotions and feelings.
58．Why does Puett teach students Chinese philosophy?
A．To spread Chinese culture. B．To make students more rational.
C．To make his course popular. D．To offer guidance for a better life.
59．Why does the author mention Adam Mitechell?
A．To show Puett’s influence on students. B．To recommend Puett’s course to others.C．To explain the struggles in philosophy. D．To inspire major changes in students.
60．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Students’ learning process. B．Practical daily tasks.
C．Puett’s teaching approach. D．After-class assignments.
（十六）
（2025届四川省巴中中学一模）In today’s fast-paced world, joy can often feel hard to find. However, Zadie
Smith offers a refreshing perspective on the concept of joy and its significance in our lives, in her essay Joy. Through a
blend of personal anecdotes, literary references, and thought-provoking insights, Smith explores the complexities of
joy and its relationship to happiness.
Smith explores the definition and perception of joy, distinguishing it from happiness, which originates from
internal contentment rather than external circumstances. She finds joy in small pleasures of life, such as interactions
with a child or observing daily routines. While society often views joy as short-lived or shallow, prioritizing grand
achievements and material pursuits, Smith challenges this notion, arguing that joy in simple things significantly
enhances our well-being.
One of the key aspects of Smith’s essay is her exploration of the role of literature in capturing and conveying
joy. She claims that by immersing ourselves in the stories and experiences of others, we can broaden our horizons
and find joy in the shared human experience. This insight emphasizes the importance of storytelling and the arts in
fostering a sense of joy and connection in society.
Smith also digs into how identity shapes our understanding of joy, reflecting on her multicultural background
and its influence on her views. She highlights how joy is often rooted in cultural legacy and individual experiences,
emphasizing the value of embracing diverse identities.
Furthermore, Smith examines the role of community and social connections in fostering joy. She argues that
joy is often connected with our relationships and the sense of belonging we get from them. Sharing laughter or
celebrating together with others can make our joy stronger and build a sense of community.
Zadie Smith’s essay Joy offers an exploration of joy and its significance in our lives and encourages us to
reevaluate our understanding of joy and seek its presence in our everyday lives.
61．How does Smith think people can find joy?
A．By appreciating ordinary moments of daily life.
B．By achieving great success and acquiring wealth.
C．By seeking contentment in external circumstances.D．By focusing on personal growth through self-reflection.
62．What role does literature play in pursuing joy?
A．It provides entertainment for society. B．It distracts us from problems.
C．It promotes understanding of others. D．It helps us find life’s meaning.
63．What influences our view of joy according to Smith?
A．Financial status and social recognition. B．Cultural heritage and social relationships.
C．Professional success and personal value.D．Physical health and educational background.
64．What’s the text?
A．A commentary. B．A news report.
C．A book review. D．A personal narrative.
（十七）
（2025·河南省信阳市固始县高级中学第一中学一模）A few days ago, I watched a video of myself talking
in perfect Chinese. I’ve been studying the language on and off for only a few years, and I’m far from fluent. But
there I was, pronouncing each character just as a native speaker would. “My favorite food is sushi,” I said — wo zui
xihuan de shiwu shi shousi.
I’d created the video using software from a Los Angeles-based artificial-intelligence start-up called HeyGen.
The technology, which only needs a single selfie and a script to generate deepfake videos of real people “saying”
almost anything, is a testament (证明) to the advancements in AI language tools. This got me thinking about the
declining interest in language learning with fewer students enrolling in foreign language courses and the decrease of
English proficiency among young people in some places.
AI translation, integrated into social media and messaging platforms, seems to be everywhere. Even language-
learning apps are using AI-generated content in their marketing. However, language translation is an art rather than
a science. Something enormous will be lost in exchange for that convenience. As Anne, a Chinese translator said,
“Building a ladder between widely different languages, such as Chinese and English, is sometimes as difficult as a
doctor building a bridge in a patient’s heart,”
Language learning fosters cultural competency, a skill that AI cannot simply copy. Learning a different way to
speak, read, and write helps people discover new ways to see the world. No machine can replace such a profoundly
human experience. Deborah Cohn, a language professor, emphasizes that language learning is actually about
understanding and connecting with different cultures; Instead of abandoning language courses in favor of AI, some
educators advocate for emphasizing the intercultural aspects of language learning. Paula Krebs of the MLA pointsout that even with a “universal translator”, sometimes, the greater meaning of people’s utterance (言辞) remains a
mystery.
In essence, while AI language tools offer convenience, they lack the depth and cultural insight that comes from
human language learning. The challenge and beauty of learning a language are in understanding the cultural
tapestry (织锦) that weaves through words, something AI has yet to achieve.
65．Why does the author give the example in paragraph 1?
A．To promote the language software.
B．To show off his Chinese language skills.
C．To prove learning a language is a wasted effort.
D．To encourage critical thinking about AI language tools.
66．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．AI translation deserves more attention.
B．Language apps play a key role in marketing.
C．Language translation is far beyond technology.
D．Learning a different language is an uphill battle.
67．What is the key benefit of learning a language according to the passage?
A．Better digital literacy.
B．Improved translation skills.
C．Deeper cultural confidence.
D．Effective intercultural interaction.
68．What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A．AI language tools offer convenience.
B．AI facilitates language learning in terms of culture.
C．AI is far from perfect in helping language understanding.
D．AI has achieved success in the development of language learning tools.
