2026年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第一套)Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section C

2026年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part III Reading Comprehension 的 Section B 和 Section C

一、Section B 原文与汉语译文

The Star Quality of New Zealand’s Great Barrier Island

A) I was glad I had such terrible jetlag. Wide awake at 3:30am with our nine-year-old daughter on our lodge balcony, I stared for hours at the most incredible night sky I’ve ever seen before the dawn slowly started to rub out the stars on the horizon and the multiple shooting stars faded away.

B) We were going to my wife’s big family reunion in Auckland, New Zealand, but when we found out that Great Barrier Island, just off the coast, had been recently awarded Dark Sky Sanctuary status—a typically remote area that has an “exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights”—we thought it would be the perfect place to relax before our busy schedule. It’s the first island and only the fourth location in the world to achieve this status.

C) After a 28-hour flight with two travel-sick children, our hearts sank when we saw the tiny twin engine 10-seater that was to take us the 90km across the Hauraki Gulf to Great Barrier Island. But we needn’t have worried. Whether it was the gravity force of the plane climbing or the noise of the engine, it put our three-year-old daughter instantly to sleep until we bumped down on the grass at Claris Airport. Our first empty sick bag against all the odds...Things were looking up.

D) Great Barrier Island has no public facilities and the 950 people living there (though only about half permanently) rely on solar and wind energy, and bottled gas for cooking. There are no streetlights. There are no cash machines or banks. The police force comprises a husband and wife, and there’s one postman. It’s not just the lack of light but the lack of noise that’s so delightful on this unique and gorgeous scene. It was first discovered by East Polynesians about 700 years ago and the Maori name for the island is Aotea. Captain Cook gave the island its European name, because it acts as a barrier between the Pacific and the Hauraki Gulf.

E) The climate here is subtropical like Auckland’s. The island boasts a beautiful wilderness with dense forests, glorious, unspoilt sandy beaches and plenty of bays and a few mountainous areas where there are good walking tracks among the wetlands and valleys. You can birdwatch, dive, surf and boat. The best beaches are on the eastern side of the island where the surf is better, too. The sheltered western side is where you’ll find the best diving and boating. Lots of people come here for the fantastic fishing spots around the island. Like a lot of spots in New Zealand, there are whale-watching trips and you might just catch sight of sharks.

F) It’s rare to find an island that really does feel undiscovered—but this is it. When one of my wife’s relations, who comes here regularly, found out that we’d been there, he whispered to us, only half-joking: “Shh—don’t tell anyone!” The locals are a relaxed and friendly bunch—a lot of them told us that it’s like what Waiheke Island (now in effect a suburb of Auckland) was in the 1970s when it was a commune of artists and people wanting to escape the city.

G) Our guide for some of our stay was the inestimable Hilde Hoven, a Dark Sky ambassador who runs Good Heavens with Deborah Kilgallon and Orla Cumisky. They bring their Dobsonian telescope and beanbags (it’s hard work staring up wide-eyed in wonder without neck support), and, our elder daughter was glad to hear, hot chocolate to wherever you are on the island. “It’s odd but when the light readings were done,” said Hilde, explaining how the island was awarded its special status, “they found there was more light pollution on the northern side coming from Fiji, which is about 3,000km away, than Auckland to the south. It’s pretty dark!”

H) Beginning their astronomical PowerPoint demonstration using a green laser pointer, Hilde and Orla showed us the Messier 4 spherical cluster with white dwarf stars, Saturn and its rings, the Southern Cross and the Milky Way, which stretched across the sky. Our daughter was especially taken with Hilde’s narrating of the Maori myth of Maüi’s fish hook to explain the shape of Scorpius. In the fable, Maüi hauled the North Island of New Zealand from the bottom of the ocean with his hook.

I) We stayed at Mount St Paul’s Estate, a luxurious lodge run by the friendly Chris and Teara, both from Canada. Teara used to be a chef at the Langham in Auckland and so dinner, eaten around a huge circular table (made of one of the most ancient trees in the world), was every bit as mouth-watering as you’d expect. Eating pancakes on the balcony overlooking the unspoilt white sandy beach was a great way to start the day.

J) Another highlight was an hour-long walk to Kaitoke hot pools in the centre of the island, through wetlands and a forest, where we whiled away a good hour sitting in the pools shaded from the heat by layers of delicate umbrella-like plants.

K) We also loved visiting the potter Sarah Harrison, who showed us round her studio at Shoal Bay harbour, and her many pots and jugs, plates and bowls and colourful mosaics. In her work, she also uses a lot of materials found on the beach. Our elder daughter loved the gorgeous hidden pool at Medlands beach where the water is separated from the sea in a private rock pool. Other high points were the ancient pōhutukawa trees and the incredible views of Okiwi Basin and Whangapoua beach from the top of Windy Canyon, just a 10-minute hike through a narrow valley up some steep wooden steps on the eastern side of the island.

L) Apparently the island council turned down famous musician Paul McCartney’s application to buy a property at Great Barrier Island because of the unwelcome attention he would have brought. You can see why he wanted to come here; equally, the island knows exactly what kind of star watching it prefers.

汉语译文

新西兰大巴里尔岛的星空品质

A) 我很庆幸自己时差反应那么严重。凌晨3点半，我完全清醒，和我们9岁的女儿一起待在旅馆阳台上，凝视了我此生见过的最不可思议的夜空，一连看了好几个小时，直到黎明慢慢抹去地平线上的星星，多颗流星也逐渐消失。

B) 我们原本要去新西兰奥克兰参加我妻子盛大的家庭聚会，但当我们发现，就在海岸附近的大巴里尔岛最近获得了“暗夜保护区”称号——这通常指偏远、拥有“非凡或卓越星空夜景”的地区——我们觉得，这会是在繁忙日程前放松身心的完美之地。它是世界上第一个获此称号的岛屿，也是全球仅第四个获此称号的地点。

C) 带着两个晕机的孩子飞了28小时后，当我们看到那架要把我们跨越90公里、经豪拉基湾送往大巴里尔岛的小型双引擎10座飞机时，心都沉了。但我们其实不必担心。也许是飞机爬升时的重力感，也许是引擎噪音，总之它让我们3岁的女儿立刻睡着了，直到我们在克拉里斯机场的草地上颠簸着陆。我们第一个呕吐袋居然没用上……情况开始好转。

D) 大巴里尔岛没有公共设施，住在岛上的950人（不过大约只有一半是永久居民）依靠太阳能、风能和瓶装煤气做饭。这里没有路灯，没有取款机，也没有银行。警察队伍由一对夫妻组成，还有一名邮递员。这个独特而迷人的地方令人愉快的，不仅是没有灯光，还有没有噪音。大约700年前，东波利尼西亚人首次发现这里，毛利语称该岛为奥蒂亚。库克船长给了它欧洲名字，因为它在太平洋和豪拉基湾之间起到屏障作用。

E) 这里的气候和奥克兰一样，属于亚热带气候。岛上拥有美丽的荒野、茂密的森林、壮丽而未受破坏的沙滩、众多海湾和几片山区；在湿地和山谷之间有很好的步道。你可以观鸟、潜水、冲浪和划船。最好的海滩在岛东侧，那里冲浪也更好。背风的西侧则最适合潜水和划船。很多人来这里，是为了岛周围极佳的钓鱼点。像新西兰许多地方一样，这里也有观鲸之旅，你还可能看到鲨鱼。

F) 很难找到一个真正让人感觉未被发现的岛屿——但这里就是。当我妻子的一位常来这里的亲戚得知我们去过之后，半开玩笑地低声说：“嘘——别告诉任何人！”当地人轻松友好——很多人告诉我们，这里就像20世纪70年代的怀赫科岛（现在实际上已是奥克兰的郊区），那时它是艺术家和想逃离城市的人聚居的地方。

G) 我们部分行程的向导是令人敬佩的希尔德·霍文，她是一位暗夜大使，与黛博拉·基尔加伦和奥拉·库米斯基一起经营“Good Heavens”。他们带着道布森望远镜和豆袋椅（没有颈部支撑，睁大眼睛惊叹地仰望星空可是很累的），而且我大女儿很高兴地听说，他们还会把热巧克力带到岛上任何你所在的地方。“很奇怪，但当进行光读数时，”希尔德解释说，这座岛是如何获得特殊称号的，“他们发现，北面来自约3000公里外斐济的光污染，比南面来自奥克兰的还多。这里真的很暗！”

H) 希尔德和奥拉用绿色激光笔开始天文幻灯片演示，向我们展示了带有白矮星的M4球状星团、土星及其光环、南十字座和横贯天空的银河。我们的女儿尤其喜欢希尔德讲述毛利神话中毛伊的鱼钩来解释天蝎座形状的部分。在这个传说中，毛伊用鱼钩从海底钓起了新西兰北岛。

I) 我们住在圣保罗山庄园，这是一家由来自加拿大的友善夫妇克里斯和蒂拉经营的豪华旅馆。蒂拉曾是奥克兰朗廷酒店的厨师，所以晚餐——围着一张巨大的圆桌（由世界上最古老的树木之一制成）享用——正如你所期待的那样令人垂涎。在俯瞰未受破坏的白色沙滩的阳台上吃薄饼，是开始一天的好方式。

J) 另一个亮点是步行一小时前往岛中心的凯多可温泉，穿过湿地和森林，我们在那里惬意地待了整整一个小时，坐在池中，层层精致的伞状植物为我们遮挡炎热。

K) 我们也很喜欢拜访陶艺家莎拉·哈里森，她带我们参观了她位于肖尔湾港口的工作室，以及她的许多罐子、壶、盘子和碗，还有色彩缤纷的马赛克。她的作品还使用了许多在海滩上找到的材料。我们的大女儿喜欢梅德兰兹海滩那个迷人的隐蔽水池，那里的水在私人岩石池中与大海分隔开来。其他亮点还包括古老的波胡图卡瓦树，以及从风峡谷顶部看到的奥基维盆地和旺加普阿海滩的壮丽景色；从岛东侧出发，穿过狭窄山谷，沿着陡峭木阶步行10分钟即可到达。

L) 据说，岛议会拒绝了著名音乐家保罗·麦卡特尼购买大巴里尔岛房产的申请，因为他会带来不受欢迎的关注。你可以明白他为什么想来这里；同样，这座岛也很清楚自己更喜欢哪一种“观星”。

Section B 答题策略

36.The author’s daughter slept throughout the last leg of their flight to Great Barrier Island.

答案：C

定位提示： daughter slept / last leg of flight → C段 “it put our three-year-old daughter instantly to sleep until we bumped down on the grass at Claris Airport.”

37.The lodge where the author stayed provided very delicious food.

答案：I

定位提示： lodge / delicious food → I段 “We stayed at Mount St Paul’s Estate... dinner... was every bit as mouth-watering as you’d expect.”

38.Many people are attracted to Great Barrier Island because of the incredible fishing sites around it.

答案：E

定位提示： many people / fishing sites → E段 “Lots of people come here for the fantastic fishing spots around the island.”

39.A well-known artist failed to purchase a house on Great Barrier Island.

答案：L

定位提示： well-known artist / failed to purchase a house → L段 “the island council turned down famous musician Paul McCartney’s application to buy a property...”

40.Unable to fall asleep after a long flight, the author was pleased to enjoy the most gorgeous view of the night sky in his life.

答案：A

定位提示： unable to fall asleep / most gorgeous night sky → A段 “Wide awake at 3:30am... the most incredible night sky I’ve ever seen...”

41.Great Barrier Island is compared to another island which attracted a lot of artists and people who wished to stay away from city life half a century ago.

答案：F

定位提示： compared to another island / artists / escape the city / 1970s → F段 “it’s like what Waiheke Island... was in the 1970s when it was a commune of artists and people wanting to escape the city.”

42.One most memorable part of the author’s visit to Great Barrier Island was a one-hour walk to its centre’s hot springs.

答案：J

定位提示： most memorable / one-hour walk / hot springs → J段 “Another highlight was an hour-long walk to Kaitoke hot pools in the centre of the island...”

43.Great Barrier Island has officially been recognized for its extraordinary starry nights.

答案：B

定位提示： officially recognized / extraordinary starry nights → B段 “had been recently awarded Dark Sky Sanctuary status... exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights...”

44.Great Barrier Island is not connected to any public power supply lines.

答案：D

定位提示： not connected to public power supply → D段 “Great Barrier Island has no public facilities... rely on solar and wind energy, and bottled gas for cooking.”

45.It is strange that light pollution on Great Barrier Island mainly comes from a faraway island to the north.

答案：G

定位提示： strange / light pollution / faraway island to the north → G段 “It’s odd but when the light readings were done... more light pollution on the northern side coming from Fiji, which is about 3,000km away...”

Section B 是四级阅读中典型的 段落信息匹配题，通常文章后有10个陈述句，要求判断信息来自哪一段。它不按顺序出题，难度在于“同义替换”和“定位”。

1. 先读题干，划关键词

不要先通读全文。先看36—45题，每句划出：

人名、地名、时间、数字

动词短语

形容词最高级

因果关系、转折关系

特殊名词，如 Dark Sky Sanctuary、Paul McCartney、hot pools、lodge 等

例如：

36题关键词：daughter slept / flight / Great Barrier Island

37题关键词：lodge / delicious food

39题关键词：well-known artist / failed to purchase a house

45题关键词：strange / light pollution / faraway island to the north

2. 带着关键词扫读段落

不要逐词翻译。重点看每段：

首句

末句

转折词 however / but / yet

引号内容

数字、专有名词

比较级、最高级

3. 识别同义替换

这是匹配题核心。例如：

daughter slept = put our three-year-old daughter instantly to sleep

delicious food = mouth-watering

famous musician = well-known artist

failed to purchase = turned down application to buy

strange = odd

faraway island to the north = Fiji, about 3,000km away, northern side

4. 注意“一段可多用”

题干说明“You may choose a paragraph more than once”，所以不要因为某段用过就排除。但四级 Section B 中通常大多数段落只对应一题，少数会重复。

5. 先易后难

先做带明显专有名词、数字、引号的题，如：

39题 Paul McCartney → L段

42题 hot pools → J段

43题 Dark Sky Sanctuary → B段

45题 Fiji / light pollution → G段

再做抽象概括题，如：

37题 delicious food → I段

41题 compared to another island → F段

6. 控制时间

建议 Section B 用时 10—12分钟。不要在某一段纠结太久。若两个选项都像，优先选有明确同义替换的。

7. 常见干扰

题干中的词在多个段落出现，但逻辑不符。

段落提到同一主题，但并非题干所问的具体信息。

张冠李戴：如把“邻居来吃饭”当成“向邻居求助”。

范围扩大或缩小：如“some animals”变成“all animals”。

二、Section C 原文与汉语译文

Section C 包括两篇 Passage。

Passage One

Is organic food worth the higher price? It’s the classic grocery store dilemma. On the one hand, your family dinner table deserves only the best. On the other hand, your wallet can only stretch so far.

Whether or not to buy organic is a personal decision, said Mike von Massow, professor of Food Agriculture.

Science won’t give a clear-cut answer to the question of whether organic food is “better.” There are often trade-offs and answers become less definitive depending on the product under consideration.

One thing is definitive: Organic and conventionally grown food are equally nutritious. From a nutrition point of view, there is no difference between organic and traditionally grown products.

Organic products don’t necessarily have fewer pesticides; in fact, they may have more. There is also no big difference between organic and non-organic products from a food-safety perspective. Even organic growers use pesticides. Testing shows little if any pesticide remains on conventionally grown products.

In fact, organic farmers often use larger quantities of pesticide because they can only use the natural variety of insect-killers. Chemical pesticides generally kill a much wider range of pests than any single natural pesticide.

The use of animal waste in organic agriculture can also be a factor in the spread of bacteria like E. coli and salmonella. Over the past 10 years, Canada has seen more food-safety recalls for organic products, proportionally, than for conventional products.

On the whole, organic agriculture may have a smaller environmental footprint. That’s mostly because the risk of groundwater contamination from organic farming is lower. Organic farmers never used neonics, the controversial pesticides that have been linked to shrinking bee populations worldwide.

Traditional agriculture has been making “dramatic improvements” to reduce its impact on the environment.

It isn’t a black-and-white picture, though.

Organic farming is much less efficient when it comes to land use, although yields vary considerably depending on the crop.

On the other hand, advocates of organic farming argue yields and efficiency could be significantly improved if the food industry devoted as much research and money to organic farming as it does conventional agriculture.

汉语译文

有机食品值得更高的价格吗？这是杂货店里经典的两难困境。一方面，家里的餐桌理应只摆上最好的食材。另一方面，你的钱包却未必撑得住。

食品农业学教授迈克·冯·马索表示，是否购买有机食品是个人选择。

科学无法对“有机食品是否更好”这个问题给出明确答案。这其中往往存在权衡取舍，答案会根据所考虑的产品而变得不那么确定。

有一点是确定的：有机种植与传统种植的食品营养成分相当。从营养学角度来看，有机产品与传统种植的产品并无差异。

有机食品的杀虫剂未必更少——事实上，它们可能更多。从食品安全角度来看，有机与非有机食品也没有明显差别。即便是有机种植者也会使用杀虫剂。检测显示，传统种植食品上的杀虫剂残留即便有也微乎其微。

事实上，有机农民往往会使用更多的杀虫剂，因为他们只能使用天然杀虫剂。化学杀虫剂的杀虫范围通常比任何一种天然杀虫剂都要广得多。

有机农业中动物粪便的使用，也可能成为大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等细菌传播的诱因。在过去十年里，按比例计算，加拿大有机食品的食品安全召回事件比传统食品更多。

总体而言，有机农业的环境足迹可能更小。这主要是因为有机农业造成地下水污染的风险更低。有机农民从不使用新烟碱类杀虫剂——这种争议性杀虫剂被认为与全球蜜蜂数量减少有关。

传统农业也一直在做出“显著改进”，以降低对环境的影响。

不过，这件事并非非黑即白。

有机农业的土地利用效率要低得多，尽管不同作物的产量差异很大。

另一方面，有机农业的支持者认为，如果食品行业能像对待传统农业一样，为有机农业投入同等的研究与资金，其产量和效率会得到大幅提升。

Section C

Passage One

文章主题：有机食品是否值得更高价格

46. What is the classic grocery store dilemma?

A) Whether or not one should eat organic food.

B) Whether or not one can stretch their wallet far.

C) Organic food costs more but it certainly tastes better.

D) One wants the best food but their budget is limited.

答案：D

定位： 第1段第2—4句。经典两难：一方面想要最好的食材，另一方面钱包有限。

47. What do we learn about organic food from science?

A) Whether it is any better remains uncertain.

B) Whether it is healthier is under consideration.

C) Whether it is more nutritious than conventional food is arguable.

D) Whether it is going to replace conventional food is still unclear.

答案：A

定位： 第3段第1句。“Science won’t give a clear-cut answer to the question of whether organic food is ‘better.’”

48. What does the passage say about organic and non-organic products as far as food safety is concerned?

A) Their difference is the conventions used to test them.

B) They differ in how much pesticide remains on them.

C) One relies on pesticides whereas the other does not.

D) There is no substantial difference between the two.

答案：D

定位： 第5段第2句。“There is also no big difference between organic and non-organic products from a food-safety perspective.”

49. What does the author say about organic farming?

A) It may be blamed for the shrinking bee populations in the world.

B) It minimizes the use of controversial pesticides in its operations.

C) It may impact the environment less than conventional farming.

D) It contaminates groundwater as much as conventional farming.

答案：C

定位： 第8段第1句。“On the whole, organic agriculture may have a smaller environmental footprint.”

50. What do advocates of organic farming argue about its yields and efficiency?

A) They would increase quickly with the emergence of new technologies.

B) They would improve remarkably with more research and investment.

C) They would be achieved along with enormous health benefits.

D) They would considerably lower the cost to the environment.

答案：B

定位： 最后一段。“yields and efficiency could be significantly improved if the food industry devoted as much research and money to organic farming as it does conventional agriculture.”

Passage One 答题策略

1. 题型特点

Passage One 是标准的四级仔细阅读选择题，通常5题，顺序与文章顺序基本一致。题目多考查：

细节理解

同义替换

作者态度

因果关系

转折对比

2. 解题步骤

先读题干，不读选项。

划关键词：人名、专有名词、比较对象、因果词。

回原文定位。

读定位句前后各一句。

对比选项，选“同义替换”项，不选“原词堆砌但逻辑错误”项。

3. 本篇文章重点

46题：经典两难 → 想要最好食材 vs 预算有限。

47题：科学对有机食品是否更好 → 没有明确答案。

48题：食品安全方面 → 有机与非有机无明显差别。

49题：有机农业 → 环境足迹可能更小。

50题：支持者观点 → 更多研究和资金会显著提高产量和效率。

4. 注意转折

文章多次出现：

On the one hand / On the other hand

However

On the whole

It isn’t a black-and-white picture, though.

On the other hand

这些地方最容易出题。尤其注意：

有机食品不一定杀虫剂更少，甚至可能更多。

有机农业环境足迹可能更小，但土地利用效率低。

支持者认为产量效率可通过研究投入提高。

5. 选项排除技巧

绝对化选项常错：all, never, completely, guarantee。

无中生有常错：文章没提的内容。

张冠李戴常错：把传统农业的问题套到有机农业上。

答非所问常错：观点正确，但不是题干所问。

Passage Two

It is still controversial whether we are fundamentally generous or selfish and whether these tendencies are shaped by our genes or environment.

Some evidence points to humans being born cooperative. At later stages in life we routinely work together to reach goals and help out in times of need.

Yet instances of selfish behavior are also plenty. One recent study tested people’s willingness to set aside selfish interests to reach a greater good. It found that being selfish was more advantageous than cooperating. The benefit may be short-lived, however. Another study showed that players who cooperated did better in the long run.

It seems that human nature supports both pro-social and selfish traits. Genetic studies have made some progress toward identifying their biological roots. By comparing identical twins, who share nearly 100 percent of their genes, and non-identical twins, who share about half, researchers have found overwhelming evidence for genetic effects on behaviors. In these twin studies, identical and non-identical twins are asked, for example, to split a sum of money with a peer. Such studies often also rely on careful psychological assessments and DNA analysis.

Other work highlights specific genes as key players. My colleagues and I recently identified a gene linked to altruistic behavior and found that a particular variant of it was associated with more selfish behavior in preschoolers.

According to evolutionary scientists, cooperative behavior may have evolved first among relatives to promote the continuation of their genetic line. As communities diversified, mutual support could have broadened to include individuals not linked by blood. Another possibility is that humans cooperate to gain some advantage, such as boosting reputation. Finally, evolutionary processes take place at the group level. Groups of highly cooperative individuals have higher chances of survival because they can work together to reach goals that are unattainable to less cooperative groups.

Yet almost no behavior is entirely genetic, even among identical twins. Culture, schooling and parenting are important determinants of cooperation. Thus, the degree to which we act cooperatively or selfishly is unique to each individual and depends on a variety of genetic and environmental influences.

汉语译文

我们本质上是慷慨还是自私，以及这些倾向是由基因还是环境塑造的，目前仍存有争议。

一些证据指出，人类天生具有合作意识。在人生的后期阶段，我们通常会为了达成目标而携手合作，并在他人需要时伸出援手。

然而，自私行为的例子也大量存在。近期一项研究测试了人们放下私利以实现更大集体利益的意愿。该研究发现，自私比合作更有利。但这种益处可能十分短暂。另一项研究表明，选择合作的参与者在长远来看表现更好。

人性似乎同时包含亲社会特征和自私特征。基因研究在寻找这些特征的生物学根源方面取得了一些进展。通过比较基因重合度接近100%的同卵双胞胎和基因重合度约一半的异卵双胞胎，研究人员发现了压倒性的证据，证明基因对行为有影响。在这类双胞胎研究中，同卵和异卵双胞胎会被要求，例如，与同伴分配一笔钱。此类研究通常还依赖细致的心理评估和DNA分析。

其他研究强调特定基因是关键因素。我和同事们最近发现了一种与利他行为相关的基因，并发现该基因的一种特定变体与学龄前儿童中更多的自私行为有关。

根据进化科学家的观点，合作行为可能最初在亲属之间演化，以促进其基因谱系的延续。随着社群多样化，相互支持可能扩大到包括没有血缘关系的个体。另一种可能性是，人类合作是为了获得某种优势，比如提升声誉。最后，进化过程发生在群体层面。高度合作的群体有更高的生存机会，因为他们可以共同努力，实现合作度较低的群体无法实现的目标。

然而，几乎没有行为完全由基因决定，即便在同卵双胞胎中也是如此。文化、学校教育和家庭教育是合作的重要决定因素。因此，我们表现得合作或自私的程度对每个人来说都是独特的，取决于多种基因和环境因素的影响。

Passage Two

文章主题：人性中的慷慨与自私、合作行为的基因与环境因素

51. What is the finding of one recent study about being selfish?

A) It may bring certain benefits in the short term.

B) It usually yields more disadvantages than advantages.

C) It serves individual interest rather than a collective’s.

D) It may give way to cooperating in the long run.

答案：A

定位： 第3段第2—4句。“being selfish was more advantageous than cooperating. The benefit may be short-lived, however.”

52. What have researchers found by studying identical and non-identical twins?

A) They are overwhelmingly different in the amounts of genes.

B) One’s behavior is largely determined by their genetic traits.

C) One’s biological roots can be identified by their genes.

D) They differ from each other in their behavior patterns.

答案：B

定位： 第4段第3句。“researchers have found overwhelming evidence for genetic effects on behaviors.”

53. What did the author and colleagues identify in their recent research?

A) A gene-related selfish behavior in preschool children.

B) Key factors that determine one’s altruistic behavior.

C) A specific gene associated with altruistic behavior.

D) Roles played by genes in shaping one’s character.

答案：C

定位： 第5段第2句。“My colleagues and I recently identified a gene linked to altruistic behavior...”

54. What do we learn from evolutionary scientists about cooperative behavior?

A) It may have initially originated in individuals linked by blood.

B) It may have caused the diversification of communities.

C) It helps to build relationships among blood-related people.

D) It guarantees the achievement of goals otherwise unattainable.

答案：A

定位： 第6段第1句。“cooperative behavior may have evolved first among relatives...”

55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A) Cooperative behavior is evident among identical twins.

B) One is born either cooperative or non-cooperative.

C) Genes determine one’s tendency to cooperate.

D) Cooperative behavior may be cultivated.

答案：D

定位： 最后一段。“Culture, schooling and parenting are important determinants of cooperation... depends on a variety of genetic and environmental influences.”

Passage Two 答题策略

1. 文章主题

本文讨论：

人天生是慷慨还是自私？

基因和环境各自作用。

合作行为的进化原因。

合作行为可以被后天培养。

2. 题目定位

51题：近期研究关于自私的发现 → 短期内可能有利。

52题：同卵/异卵双胞胎研究 → 基因对行为有影响。

53题：作者和同事发现 → 与利他行为相关的特定基因。

54题：进化科学家关于合作行为 → 可能最初起源于有血缘关系的个体。

55题：最后一段推断 → 合作行为可以被培养。

3. 关键同义替换

short-lived = in the short term

genetic effects on behaviors = behavior largely determined by genetic traits

a gene linked to altruistic behavior = a specific gene associated with altruistic behavior

evolved first among relatives = initially originated in individuals linked by blood

Culture, schooling and parenting are important determinants = cooperative behavior may be cultivated

4. 注意逻辑关系

Yet / However：转折处常出题。

One recent study / Another study：不同研究结论对比。

According to evolutionary scientists：观点题。

Thus：结论处常出推断题。

5. 推断题技巧

55题问“What can we infer from the last paragraph?”

最后一段说：

几乎没有行为完全由基因决定。

文化、学校教育、家庭教育是合作的重要决定因素。

合作或自私程度取决于基因和环境。

因此可推断：合作行为可以通过后天培养。

不要选“基因决定合作倾向”，因为原文明确说不是完全由基因决定。

6. 排除法

过于绝对的选项：entirely, only, guarantee, determine。

与原文矛盾的选项。

把“可能”说成“必然”。

把“群体合作优势”说成“个人合作确保目标实现”。

三、Section B 与 Section C 通用答题策略

Section B 段落信息匹配

先题后文：先读10个题干，划关键词。

定位优先：专有名词、数字、引号、最高级最先找。

同义替换：不要只找原词，要看改写。

段落可重复：不要因为一段选过就完全排除。

先易后难：明显题先做，抽象题后做。

时间控制：10—12分钟。

不要通读全文：扫读定位即可。

Section C 仔细阅读

顺序原则：题目顺序通常与文章顺序一致。

定位句前后：答案常在定位句前一句或后一句。

同义替换：正确选项多为原文改写。

转折重点：but, however, yet, on the other hand 后常出答案。

观点题：注意 researchers found, scientists argue, advocates argue。

推断题：不选原文直接复述，选合理推断。

排除法：绝对化、无中生有、张冠李戴、答非所问。

时间控制：两篇共约18—20分钟。

四、答案速查

Section B

C I E L AFJBDG

Section C Passage One

DADCB

Section C Passage Two

ABCAD