ARTICLE · 1160282
剑雅真题精读笔记丨剑16-Test3-Passage3
一、 雅思核心词汇 (Key IELTS Vocabulary)
photoreceptor /ˌfəʊtəʊrɪˈseptə(r)/ (n.) - 感光器，光感受器
A photoreceptor molecule in plants senses light.
resilient /rɪˈzɪliənt/ (adj.) - 有适应力的，坚韧的
The discovery could help breed more resilient crops.
gauge /ɡeɪdʒ/ (n.) - 测量仪；标准 (v.) 测量，评估
Phytochromes act as cellular temperature gauges.
dictate /dɪkˈteɪt/ (v.) - 决定；支配
They dictate plant development in response to temperature.
proportional /prəˈpɔːʃənl/ (adj.) - 成比例的
The pace of change is directly proportional to temperature.
pinpoint /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/ (v.) - 精准定位；明确指出
The research pinpoints the molecular mechanism for the first time.
trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ (v.) - 引发，触发
It triggers the buds of spring.
unpredictable /ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl/ (adj.) - 不可预测的
Weather is set to become ever more unpredictable.
accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ (v.) - 加速，促进
This discovery has the potential to accelerate crop breeding.
thermal /ˈθɜːml/ (adj.) - 热的，热量的
Crops need to be resilient to thermal stress.
bind (to) /baɪnd/ (v.) - 结合，捆绑
Active molecules bind themselves to DNA.
inactivated /ɪnˈæktɪveɪtɪd/ (adj.) - 失活的，不活跃的
In shade, phytochromes are quickly inactivated.
suppress /səˈpres/ (v.) - 抑制，压制
The active state is a growth-suppressing state.
detach /dɪˈtætʃ/ (v.) - 分离，脱离
Molecules detach from DNA, allowing growth to resume.
evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ (v.) - 进化，逐渐形成
This thermo-sensing ability evolved at a later stage.
co-opted /kəʊˈɒptɪd/ (v.) - 利用，借用（现成系统）
It co-opted the existing biological network.
indicator /ˈɪndɪkeɪtə(r)/ (n.) - 指示物，指标
Day length is an indicator of the season.
dual role /ˈdjuːəl rəʊl/ (n.) - 双重角色
The discovery explains the dual role of phytochromes.
culmination /ˌkʌlmɪˈneɪʃn/ (n.) - 顶点，高潮；结果
The findings are the culmination of twelve years of research.
alter /ˈɔːltə(r)/ (v.) - 改变，修改
Scientists can alter gene activity using molecular “scalpels”.
二、 固定词组与搭配 (Fixed Phrases & Collocations)
be responsive to /bi rɪˈspɒnsɪv tu/ (adj. phr.) - 对...反应灵敏
Plants are highly responsive to temperature.
bud early /bʌd ˈɜːli/ - 提前发芽
Warm winters cause trees to bud early.
long to do sth. /lɒŋ tu duː/ - 渴望做某事
...the buds of spring we long to see.
set to become /set tə bɪˈkʌm/ - 注定会变得；预计将
Temperatures are set to become ever more unpredictable.
sensitive to /ˈsensətɪv tu/ (adj. phr.) - 对...敏感
Wheat and rice are sensitive to high temperatures.
in response to /ɪn rɪˈspɒns tu/ (prep. phr.) - 作为对...的反应
Plants develop in response to temperature and light.
escape shade /ɪˈskeɪp ʃeɪd/ - 摆脱荫蔽
Plants grow faster to escape each other's shade.
a different story /ə ˈdɪfrənt ˈstɔːri/ - 情况完全不同
At night, however, it's a different story.
resume growth /rɪˈzjuːm ɡrəʊθ/ - 恢复生长
Detaching from DNA allows plant growth to resume.
rely on /rɪˈlaɪ ɒn/ - 依赖于
Oak trees rely much more on temperature.
dictate development /ˈdɪkteɪt dɪˈveləpmənt/ - 决定发育进程
Using phytochromes as thermometers to dictate development.
well-positioned /wel pəˈzɪʃənd/ (adj.) - 处于有利地位的
Cambridge is uniquely well-positioned to do this research.
三、 长难句解析 (Complex Sentence Analysis)
1. 原文: "Scientists say the discovery could help breed crops that are more resilient to the temperatures expected to result from climate change."
结构分析:
主句:
Scientists say...宾语从句:
(that) the discovery could help breed crops...定语从句 (修饰 crops):
that are more resilient to the temperatures...过去分词短语作后置定语 (修饰 temperatures):
expected to result from climate change中文释义: 科学家表示，这一发现可能有助于培育出对预计由气候变化导致的温度更具适应力的作物。
学习要点: 学习嵌套式的修饰结构，特别是过去分词 (
expected) 作后置定语的用法，这在科技英语中非常普遍。
2. 原文: "Researchers have revealed that molecules called phytochromes – used by plants to detect light during the day – actually change their function in darkness to become cellular temperature gauges that measure the heat of the night."
结构分析:
主句:
Researchers have revealed...宾语从句:
that molecules... actually change their function...插入语/同位语 (解释phytochromes):
called phytochromes – used by plants to detect light during the day –目的状语:
to become cellular temperature gauges...定语从句 (修饰gauges):
that measure the heat of the night.中文释义: 研究人员揭示，一种被称为光敏色素的分子——植物在白天用它来探测光线——实际上在黑暗中会改变其功能，转变为测量夜间热量的细胞温度计。
学习要点: 处理长句时，先识别并暂时忽略插入成分 (
- used by... -)，抓住主干 (molecules change function to become gauges)，再理解修饰部分。
3. 原文: "The lower the temperature, the slower the rate at which phytochromes revert to inactivity, so the molecules spend more time in their active, growth-suppressing state."
结构分析:
“The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...” 结构:
The lower..., the slower...定语从句 (修饰rate):
at which phytochromes revert to inactivityso引导的结果状语从句:so the molecules spend more time...中文释义: 温度越低，光敏色素恢复非活性状态的速度就越慢，因此这些分子处于活跃的、抑制生长的状态的时间就更长。
学习要点: 熟练掌握“越…越…” (
The more... the more...) 的句型，以及so引导的逻辑结果。growth-suppressing是复合形容词，由“名词+现在分词”构成。
4. 原文: "Wigge believes phytochrome thermo-sensing evolved at a later stage, and co-opted the biological network already used for light-based growth during the downtime of night."
结构分析:
主句:
Wigge believes...宾语从句 (包含两个并列谓语):
(that) phytochrome thermo-sensing evolved... and co-opted the biological network...过去分词短语作后置定语 (修饰network):
already used for light-based growth...中文释义: 威格认为，光敏色素的温度感应能力是在后期进化出来的，并且借用了植物在夜晚“停机期”原本用于光控生长的生物网络。
学习要点: 学习
co-opt(借用，吸纳) 这个生动的动词。理解downtime(原指机器停机时间) 在这里比喻植物白天光合作用停止的夜间时段，是拟物化的修辞。
5. 原文: "Recent advances in plant genetics now mean that scientists are able to rapidly identify the genes controlling these processes in crop plants, and even alter their activity using precise molecular 'scalpels'."
结构分析:
主句:
Recent advances... mean...宾语从句 (包含两个并列谓语):
that scientists are able to rapidly identify... and even alter...现在分词短语作后置定语 (修饰genes):
controlling these processes...方式状语:
using precise molecular 'scalpels'(比喻基因编辑技术)。中文释义: 植物遗传学的最新进展意味着，科学家现在能够快速识别作物中控制这些过程的基因，甚至可以使用精确的分子“手术刀”来改变它们的活性。
学习要点: 注意科技文中常见的比喻 (
scalpels)，以及mean that...引出重要结论或意义的句式。are able to... and even...结构体现了能力的递进。
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