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高中英语介词短语(prepositional phrase),一篇文章学会动词+不同介词短语的区别
一、动词+介词短语示例
动词+ 介词（介词后接宾语，代词/名词/动名词放介词后面），以下以turn为例，搭配的介词短语，大家能准确得区分意思的不同吗？
turn away
turn in
turn off
turn out
turn over
turn to
turn on
turn down
turn up
二、不同介词代表不同意思：
在这个动介词短语中，很多人对介词的选择比较容易混淆，其实除了少部分词语有特殊的意思外，大部分介词都带有固定的意思：我们逐一了解介词的本质含义：
以turn为例：接不同介词的区别：
1.turn on :
on = 接通连通 → 转动开关接通 → 打开（电器）；引申：突然攻击
turn on the light 开灯
2.turn off
off = 断开脱离 → 转动开关断开 → 关掉；引申：让人反感
turn off the tap 关水龙头
3.turn up
up = 向上、变大、冒出来 ①音量往上调 → 调大 ②从底下 / 暗处冒出来 → 露面，出现；被找到
4.turn down
down = 向下、压低、压下去 ①音量往下 → 调低 ②把请求压下去、打回去 → 拒绝
5.turn to
to = 朝向… 转向某人 / 某个办法 → 求助于；翻到（页码）
turn to sb for help 转向某人求帮助
6.turn over
over 翻过去、翻面 ①翻转、翻过来 ②把事情翻来覆去想 → 仔细考虑 ③把东西交到另一方 → 移交
7.turn in
in 向内，交到里面去（老师办公室、警局）→ 上交；自首
8.turn away
away 远离，把脸/ 人转到远离你的方向 → 转过脸；拒之门外、拒绝接纳
9.turn out
out 向外，原本是“翻出来、倒出来”；引申义： ①事情慢慢展露出来、呈现出来 → 结果是，证明是（最高频） ②产品生产出来 → 生产 ③灯光向外熄灭 → 熄灭灯
其他高频动介词短语：
介词 | 含义 | 常见搭配 | 释义 |
on | 开启、接上、连通 | carry on | 继续 |
go on | 继续；发生 | ||
put on | 穿上；上演；增重 | ||
come on | 快点；加油；进展 | ||
hold on | 等一下；坚持 | ||
keep on | 持续、反复做 | ||
off | 断开、脱离、离开 | put off | 推迟 |
take off | 起飞；脱掉 | ||
set off | 出发；引爆 | ||
break off | 中断；折断 | ||
cut off | 切断；隔绝 | ||
call off | 取消 | ||
up | 向上、加大、出现、完成 | pick up | 捡起；学会；接人 |
give up | 放弃 | ||
wake up | 醒来 | ||
cheer up | 振作起来 | ||
make up | 编造；弥补；化妆；和好 | ||
bring up | 抚养；提出 | ||
speed up | 加速 | ||
add up | 合计 | ||
down | 向下、压低、回落、回绝 | cut down | 砍倒；削减 |
put down | 放下；写下；镇压 | ||
break down | （机器）出故障；崩溃 | ||
calm down | 冷静下来 | ||
slow down | 减速 | ||
write down | 写下 | ||
to | 朝向、指向、诉诸 | turn to | 求助于；翻到 |
lead to | 导致；通向 | ||
stick to | 坚持 | ||
object to | 反对 | ||
devote…to | 致力于 | ||
adapt to | 适应 | ||
over | 翻过、翻转、越过、仔细梳理 | go over | 复习；仔细检查 |
get over | 克服；恢复 | ||
think over | 仔细考虑 | ||
look over | 浏览；检查 | ||
take over | 接管 | ||
hand over | 移交 | ||
in | 向内、进去、提交 | hand in | 上交 |
give in | 屈服；让步 | ||
break in | 闯入；插嘴 | ||
drop in | 顺便拜访 | ||
take in | 吸收；理解；收留；欺骗 | ||
away | 离开、远离、隔开 | put away | 收好，放起来 |
give away | 赠送；泄露 | ||
take away | 拿走 | ||
throw away | 扔掉 | ||
clear away | 清除 | ||
run away | 逃跑 | ||
out | 向外、出来、显露、耗尽 | find out | 查明 |
work out | 算出；锻炼；进展顺利 | ||
carry out | 执行，实施 | ||
come out | 出版；开花；真相显露 | ||
figure out | 弄明白 | ||
leave out | 遗漏 | ||
point out | 指出 | ||
try out | 试验 |
三、特殊习惯固定搭配
综上，我们可以通过动词和介词的本义推出其短语的意思，规则之外也有例外，有些动词短语就无法通过字面意思理解，需要我们特殊记忆，加以理解：
特殊固定搭配：
短语 | 字面义 | 真实含义 | 例句 | 同义词表达 |
bring up | 带上去 | 抚养；提出（话题）；呕吐 | ①She brought up three children alone. | raise; put forward; vomit |
②He brought up a new problem at the meeting. | ||||
make up | 做上去 | 编造；和好；化妆；弥补 | ①He made up an excuse for being late. | invent; reconcile; put on makeup; compensate for |
②They made up after the quarrel. | ||||
take up | 拿起来 | 占据（时间空间）；开始从事 | ①The big table takes up too much room. | occupy; begin to learn |
②She took up painting last year. | ||||
turn out | 转出去 | 结果是；证明是 | It turned out that he had known the truth. | prove to be |
come out | 走出来 | 出版；开花；（照片）拍出来效果 | ①Her new novel will come out next month. | be published; bloom |
②The roses come out in spring. | ||||
get away with | 和… 一起走开 | 做坏事而不受惩罚 | You can’t get away with cheating in the exam. | escape punishment for |
get down to | 到下面去 | 着手认真做（to 介词 + doing） | Let’s get down to discussing the plan. | set about |
go through | 穿过去 | 经历（苦难）；仔细审阅；用完 | ①He went through a hard time during the pandemic. | experience; examine carefully; use up |
②I have gone through all my money. | ||||
put up with | 和… 一起放上去 | 忍受，容忍 | I can’t put up with his rudeness any longer. | tolerate; bear |
stand up for | 为… 站起来 | 支持、维护（某人/ 观点） | You should stand up for your rights. | defend; support |
live up to | 向上活到 | 不辜负（期望） | The film lived up to all our expectations. | meet |
fall through | 掉穿过去 | （计划）落空、失败 | Our travel plan fell through because of bad weather. | fail; collapse |
break through | 冲破 | 突破（难关、封锁）；突然出现 | Scientists hope to break through soon in cancer research. | make a breakthrough in |
carry through | 扛过去 | 完成；使渡过难关 | Determination carried him through the difficulty. | finish successfully; pull through |
come across | 跨过来 | 偶然遇见；给人印象是 | ①I came across an old photo in the drawer. | run into; seem |
②She comes across as a warm person. | ||||
come up with | 和… 上来 | 想出（主意） | Who came up with this great idea? | think of |
keep up with | 和… 一起向上 | 跟上（进度/ 人） | It’s hard to keep up with the rapid changes. | keep pace with |
run out of | 从里面跑出去 | 用完、耗尽 | ①We have run out of petrol. | use up |
②Petrol ran out. | ||||
see to | 看向 | 负责，照料；确保 | ①I’ll see to the arrangements for the party. | take charge of; ensure |
②See to it that all windows are closed. | ||||
make out | 弄上去 | 辨认出；理解；填写 | ①I can barely make out the words in the dark. | recognize; understand; fill in |
②Can you make out what he is saying? | ||||
work out | 做出来 | 锻炼；进展顺利；算出 | ①He works out in the gym every weekend | exercise; turn out; calculate |
②.Everything worked out well in the end. |
四、总结：
短语 | 中文释义 | 例句 | 同义词 |
turn away | ①拒绝；拒之门外 ②转过脸去 | Hundreds of fans were turned away from the stadium.数百名粉丝被拦在体育场外。 | refuse |
turn in | ①上交，提交 ②自首 | Please turn in your papers before class.课前请上交试卷。 | hand in |
turn off | ①关掉（电器、水、煤气）②使厌烦 | Turn off the lights when you leave.离开时关灯。 | switch off |
turn out | ①结果是，证明是 ②生产；制造 ③熄灭（灯） | It turned out that he was right.结果证明他是对的。 | prove (to be) |
turn over | ①翻转，翻过来 ②仔细考虑 ③移交 | She turned over the card to read the back.她把卡片翻过来读背面。 | flip over; think over |
turn to | ①求助于，求教于 ②转向；翻到（页码） | You can turn to me for help.你可以找我求助。 | resort to |
turn on | ①打开（电器）②突然攻击 | Turn on the air conditioner.打开空调。 | switch on |
turn down | ①调低（音量、温度）②拒绝（提议、邀请） | He turned down my invitation.他拒绝了我的邀请。 | refuse; lower |
turn up | ①调高（音量）②出现，露面；被找到 | She turned up at the last minute.她最后一刻出现了。 | appear; increase |
五、练习巩固
1. No matter how hard they tried, their new project ______ at last due to lack of money.
A. broke through B. fell through C. carried through D. went through
2. The teacher asked us to ______ discussing the details instead of chatting uselessly.
A. get away with B. keep up with C. get down to D. come up with
3. It’s unfair that some students seem to ______ copying homework without being punished.
A. get away with B. put up with C. live up to D. make out
4. We must work harder so that we can ______ the expectations of our parents and teachers.
A. stand up for B. live up to C. keep up with D. come across
5. When I tidied the bookshelf, I ______ a letter written by my grandma decades ago.
A. came up with B. made out C. came across D. saw to
6. Nobody in the group could ______ a practical plan to cut down the cost of the activity.
A. come up with B. make out C. work out D. bring up
7. If you cannot ______ his endless complaints any longer, you’d better have a talk with him frankly.
A. stand up for B. put up with C. break through D. see to
8. It was so foggy that I could hardly ______ the road signs beside the highway.
A. work out B. make out C. turn out D. take up
9. Don’t worry. I will ______ it that all the equipment is packed before we leave.
A. see to B. go through C. carry through D. fall through
10. Many young people ______ a new hobby such as painting or yoga to relax themselves after work.
A. make up B. take up C. bring up D. turn out
（参考答案）
1.B- fall through：（计划）落空
2.C- get down to doing：着手认真做
3.A- get away with：（坏事）侥幸逃脱、不受惩罚
4.B-live up to：不辜负
5.C-come across：偶然发现 / 偶遇
6.A-come up with：想出（方案、主意）
7.B-put up with：忍受
8.B-make out：辨认出
9.A-see to it that… 确保
10.B-take up：开始从事（爱好）
