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专题 07 介词和介词短语
（解析版）
三年真题
1. 【2021·全国乙卷】Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,
various types ______ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
1. of
【解析】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态
旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
2. 【2021·全国甲卷】It was built originally to protect the city ______ the Tang dynasty and has now
been completely restored (修复)
2. in/during
【解析】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，
表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
3. 【2021·全国新高考II卷】A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching
over _______ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
3. from
【解析】考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。
from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
4. 【2021·北京】While riding his bike home _______ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking
elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．
4. on
【解析】考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇
人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介
词on。故填on。
5. 【2021·浙江】The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased _______ 2.
1 in women and men.
5. by
【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，
increase by符合语境，故填by。
6. 【2020·全国I卷】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot
of deep craters (环形山)， more so ______ the familiar near side. C
6. than
【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此
处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
7. 【2020·全国III卷】The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth,
Mother Nature.
7. on
【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表
示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
8. 【2020·北京】Over time, the bags fall apart______countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat
some of them.
8. into/to
【解析】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中
一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故
填into/to。
9. 【2020·浙江】This aging of the population is driven______two factors.
9. by
【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。
10. 【2020·浙江】Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world
they lived ______ ，through agriculture.
10. in
【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。
分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先
行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
考频统计
在2020-2022年三年高考真题中，介词和介词短语的考查频率统计如下：
介词和介词短语 考频 出处【2021·全国乙卷】【2021·全国甲卷】【2021·全国新高考II卷】
介词的固定搭配 10次 【2021·北京】【2021·浙江】【2020·全国I卷】
【2020·全国III卷】【2020·北京】【2020·浙江】【2020·浙江】
考点清单
一、表“时间”的介词
介词 用法 例句
表示在某一时刻； at 12: 00，at noon, at
at midnight；at Christmas
表示在不含有“Day"的节假日
in the 1980's/1980s；in
表示“在”一段较长的时间内，如世纪、年、季节、月、
in October；
上午、下午、晚上等
in the morning/afternoon/evening
表示“在”特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、节日或具 on a rainy day；on October the
on 体某天的上午/下午/晚上； first；on National Day；
表示在含有“Day"的节假日
I have worked in this factory
for 后接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久
for ten years.
自从......(到说话的时刻)，后接时间点，说明动作的起 I have lived in this house since
since
点，表示动作从该起点一直持续 ten years ago.
He often falls asleep during the
during ......期间
class.
Tom bore up well under the
在.....期间, 从......开头到结尾:一直到(所指时间包括在内，
through strain of supporting his family
此时与throughout相同)
through his father's illness.
The new road will be
before 早于；在.....之前 completed before the end of the
year.
All of you are to arrive at
by 表示“不迟于.....，在(某时)前”
school by seven o'clock.
until比till 更正式。相关的谓语动间需是延续性动间的肯 I shall wail until ten o'clock.
till/until 定式或瞬间动词的否定式。until/till 后可跟名词、介词短
语或副词
二、表“方位”的介词
介词 用法 例句
表示在某一地域之内的某方位(属于
in Shandong Province is in the cast of China.
该范围)
地
理
位 on 表示与某地相邻的关系 Russia lies on the north of China.
置
表示在某一地域之外的某方位(不属
to Japan lies to the east of China.
于该范围且不相邻)
上 on 在上方，与表面有接触 There are some books on the desk.They found the toy buried beneath a pile of
（反义词：beneath）
leaves.
下
在物体的正上方或覆盖在物体表面 A lamp was hanging over the table.
位 over
（反义词：under）
置 They were playing chess under the tree.
关
The plane flew above the clouds.
系
离开物体表面而在其上方,但不一定
above
是正上方（反义词：below）
I could hear voices in the courtyard below
my window.
穿 through 从内部通过 The moonlight went through the window.
过
，
across 在表面上通过 He walked across the square to meet her.
越
过
over 从某物体的上方越过 The plane flew over the Pacific Ocean.
某人或某物在另两人或两物之间或多
在. between The house stands between two farms.
者中的两两之间
....
之
间
用于三者以上，其所在范围内的人或
among The village lies among hills.
事物常被视为一个整体
三、表“原因”的介词
介词 用法 例句
常与表示闻名、奖罚等意义的形容
for The West Lake is famous for its scenery.
词/动词连用
一般作状语，不作表语，位于句首或
because of He walked slowly because of his bad leg.
句中
The game was cancelled owing to torrential
owing to 通常作状语，一般不作表语
rain.
The team’s success was largely due to her
due to 通常作表语或状语，一般不放在句首
efforts.
It was all a great success--thanks to a lot of
thanks to “幸亏，因为”只作状语
hard work.
四、表“方式”的介词
介词 用法 例句
表示“用”具体的工具，或“用”身
with He is writing a letter with a pen.
体的某部位、器官。
in 指“使用”某种语言、工具或材料等 Write it in ink, please.
by 表示“使用”方法、手段等 Why don’t we go there by taxi?
五、表示“范围”的介词
介词 用法 例句
besides 介词 = in addition to除....外(还有) We have lots of things in common besides副词 = in addition, moreover, furthermore
music.
等, 意为:此外
= not including除.....之外(不再有)，后面
except 可接名词、代词、动名词、副词、that从 We all passed the exam except Tom.
句、when从句作宾语
except 表示“除了....”它所叙述的事实或细节部 The composition is good except for a few
for 分用来修正句子的主要意思 spelling mistakes.
within (范围，程度)在......之内 We are now within range of enemy fire.
beyond (范围，程度)超出，为......所不能及 The handle was just beyond my reach.
六、表示“让步”的介词
介词 用法 例句
尽管 = in spite of，后接名词、代词、 Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is
despite
动名词、副词、that从句 still out of work.
七、介词的固定搭配
1. 与名词的搭配
at +n in +n
at first当初 in cash用现金
at home在家里 in class在上课
at breakfast 在吃早饭 in width 在宽度上
at the moment此刻 in depth在深度上
at once立刻 in detail详细地
at least至少 in danger处于危险之中
at Christmas在圣诞节 in English用英语
at night在夜间 the front of在....前.面(内部)
at present目前 in height在高度上
at last最终 in length在长度上
at war 在交战 in ink用墨水
at work在上海 in shape在外形上
at the cinema在电影院 in size在尺寸上
at noon在中午 in the habit of .....习惯
at school在上学 In the hope of抱...的希望
at a loss 不知所措 in the middle of在...中间
at peace 处于和平中 in this instance在此情况下
at rest 静止 不动 in this respect在这方面
at sea 在海上 in turn 依次
at the same time 同时 in vain徒劳地
at any time 在任何时候 in 2004在2004年
at a distance 隔一段距离 in time及时
at the foot of... 在......脚下 in a minute 一会儿之后
at the risk of... 冒......的危险 in those days在那些日子
at the sight of... 一看到......就...... in town在城里
in the day在白天
in July七月
in the morning在早上
in these days在这些日子
in the train 坐火车
in the countryside 在农村
in the daytime在白天on + n. by + n.
on account of因为 by accident 偶然
on behalf of代表 by air/plane 乘飞机
on condition that在....的条件下 by chance 偶然地
on no account/condition决不 by coincidence 碰巧
on purpose故意地 by force 用暴力
on the basis of因为...基于 by hand 手工
on the occasion of ....时 by mistake 错误地
on Monday星期一 by nature 天生地
on a train在火车上 by oneself独自
on a cold day在寒冷的一天 by the way顺便问
on the New Year's Eve在新年的除夕 by the day 按天算
on the hour准时地 by the end of到...为止
on the way to在....的路上 by the lake在湖边
on the weekend在周末 by weight/volume/size/number 按重量/体积/大小/数量
on time按时
on July the first 七月一日
out of + n under + n
out of balance失去平衡 under attack遭到袭击
out of breath上气不接下气 under consideration在审议中
out of business停业，歇业 under construction在建造中
out of control不受控制 under control 处于控制之下
out of danger脱离危险 under discussion 在讨论中
out of date过时 under pressure(液体或气体)受压力;被迫
out of debt不欠债 under repair在修理中
out of fashion不流行 under treatment 在治疗中
out of luck不走运 under way在进行中
out of one's mind发疯 under the command of... ....的统帅之下
out of office在野，下台 under the control of. ...控制下
out of order出故障 under the direction ....指导下
out of patience不耐烦 under the influence ....影响下
out of season不合时令的 under the protection of..在-的庇护下
out of shape走样的，变形的 under the leadership of.. ..的领导下
out of sight看不到
out of the question不可能
out of trouble 脱离困境
out of work失业
for + n with + n
for example例如 with anger生气地
for years多年 with confidence有信心地
for some reason由于某种原因 with care 小心地
for a moment一会儿 with courage英勇地
with delight/joy高兴地
with difficulty 困难地
with ease 轻而易举地
with fear 害怕地
with interest 兴致勃勃地
with pleasure乐意地
with pride 骄傲地
with satisfaction 满意地
with success 成功地
with kindness亲切地2. 与形容词的搭配
adj. +about adj. + in
be concerned about ...担心. be absorbed in 全神贯注于
be confident about ...有信心 be buried in 埋头于
be crazy about ...迷 be experience in 在......方面有经验
be curious about对...感到好奇 be expert in擅长....
be excited about ...感到兴奋 be interested in .对....感..兴趣
be particular about ....讲究/挑剔 be involved in专心于;参与;涉及
be positive about .对....积极 be lacking in缺乏
be puzzled about ....感到困惑 be located in位于
be serious about .对.....认真 be occupied in忙于
be silent about .....保持沉默 be rich in富有.....
be sorry about ......感到抱歉 be set in位于
be upset about .....感到失望 be slow in迟迟不
be worried about .对....担心 be successful in在.....方面成功
be trapped in被困在.....
be weak in不擅长
adj. +to adj. +with
be accustomed/used to习惯于 be angry with sb.对某人发怒
be attached to附属于;喜爱 be armed with带....武器
be attractive to sb.对某人有吸引力 be busy with 忙于
be beneficial to ....有益 be combined with与.
be blind to没有察觉对....而不见 结合
be close to接近 be concerned/ associated with ...有关,涉及
be contrary to 与..-.相反 be connected with .....有关
be crucial to sth.对某物至关重要 be content/ satisfied with .对....满意
be deaf to .对....充耳不闻 be covered with被....覆盖
be devoted to致力于;投身于 be crowded with充满
be equal to ...平等-....相等 be decorated with被.用....装饰
be essential to .对...必.不可少 be equipped with配备有
be fair to ...公平 be faced with面临;面对
be familiar to .对....说很熟悉 be familiar with ......熟悉
be friendly kind to ....友好友善 be filled with充满
be known to .为.....知 be patient with ......耐心
be limited to被限制到 be piled with堆着
be married to ...结婚 be pleased with ....感到满意
be opposed to反对 be popular with 受到....欢迎
be polite to ...礼貌 be strict with .....对......严格
be related to 与.....有关系
adj. +of adj. +for
be afraid of害怕;担心 be anxious for急切盼望.渴望
be ashamed of ....感到羞耻 be eager for渴望
be aware/ conscious of意识到 be famous for .以.....而著名
be capable of能够 be fit for适合,胜任
be composed of ....组成 be good for .....有好处
be made up of 组成 be known for 因...著名
be fond of喜欢 be late for迟到
be full of充满( =be filled with) be prepared/ready for .为.....做好准备
be ignorant of不知道，不了解 be responsible for ......负责
be proud of .....骄傲 be sorry for .对.....感到抱歉
be short of缺少 be suited for适合......
be sure/certain of确信 be thankful/ grateful for 因......而感激be worthy of值得 be vital for 对......极其重要
adj. +at
be angry at对...感到恼怒 be astonished at ...感到十分惊讶
be bad at不擅长 be delighted at听到......高兴
be disappointed at 对......失望 be good at擅长
be skilled at在......方面很熟练 be surprised at 对......惊讶
变式练习
基础练
1. The Greens have lived in China three years.
2. There is a bed the middle of the room.
3. The papers need to be ready next Friday.
4. The Smiths are praised the way they bring up their children.
5. good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
6. I couldn't have gone through that bitter period your generous help.
7. Soon after dinner Wayne drove off the direction of Paris.
8. Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.
9. If there is an American beside you, you may see him typing away on his laptop, busy work.
10. Her big goal for last December was to provide blessing bags hundreds of the homeless in
Myrtle Beach.
参考答案：
1. for 2. in 3. by/before 4. for 5. Besides
6. without 7. in 8. along 9. with 10. for
提升练
1. its first day of trading, Shake Shack went from $21 a share to just under $ 46 a share.
2. Most people don't pay attention the chairs they use.
3. Mike must be angry me, for he walked past me without even saying hello.
4. He has been so good making furniture that nobody notices his handicap.
5. That evening, the stork flew to the fox's home and knocked the door with her long beak.
6. The sun had already sunk the horizon.
7. the Australian eastern coast lies the world-famous Great Reef.
8. Susan got back into bed and pulled the quilt her head.
9. The temperature of yesterday was 12"C zero in Shandong, and it was very warm for winter.
10. the top of the hill, you can get a better view of the whole city.参考答案：
1. On 2. to 3. with 4. at 5. on/at
6. below 7. Along 8. over 9. above 10. From
