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考点：介词（短语）和动词短语
1、技法巧图解
2. 高考真题体验
1、（2022年全国高考乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which
was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
2、（2022年全国高考甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along
the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ______ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20,
3、（2022年全国新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve ___29___ an umbrella species(物种),
bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of
China.
4、（2021年新高考八省联考） In 1844 they bought it 57 ． $1,200 and some land from
Charles Dresser
5、（2021年全国高考甲卷）It was built originally to protect the city 57 ． the Tang
dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
6、（2021年全国高考乙卷）Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and
adventure travel, various types 66 ． trips are now being classified as ecotourism.7、（2021年浙江高考）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI
increased 60 ． 2. 1 in women and men.
8、（2020年北京高考）Over time, the bags fall apart 26 ． countless tiny pieces, and
fish can accidentally eat some of them.
9、（2020年全国高考） Museums must compete 70 ． people’s spare time and money
with other amusements.
10、（2020年全国高考）The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 ．
earth, Mother Nature.
11、（2020年浙江高考）This aging of the population is driven 59 ． two factors.
12、（2019·新课标I卷）Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have
been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently
over a large area.
13、（2019·新课标III卷）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，
seven to be exact.
14、（2019·浙江卷）But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___
this question is not clear.
15、（2018·新课标III卷）I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd
been observing.
3、应试指南
“四种方法”确定介词
(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;
(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法;
(3)根据特殊的结构关系, 如接复合宾语就只能用with或without;
(4)根据介词与动词、形容词、名词等的搭配。
4、高考考点透析
重点一 常考介词★★★★★
1.表时间和方位的介词
用法①at表示时间点；②in表示时间段，与表示较长一段时间的词
搭配；③on表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的
at, in, on
某一天或某些节日；也可表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或
晚上。
两者后均可接时间段，表示“在……之后”，但“in＋时间段”
表示时 in, after
常与将来时连用，“after＋时间段”常与过去时连用。
间的介
for, ①“for＋时间段”表示某行为或状态持续了多久；②“since＋时
词
since, 间点”强调自过去某时延续至今的一段时间；③“from＋时间
from 点”只表示行为或状态的起始点。
before与by都可表示“在……之前”，但by表示“不迟于某
before
时”
by
包括某时在内。
①on指在某物的表面上，其反义词是beneath；②above指
on,
离开物体表面而在其上方，不一定是垂直向上，其反义词是
above,
below；③over 指离开物体表面而在其正上方，其反义词是
over
under。(注意：over还可以表示在……期间)
across,
through ①across指从一平面上“横穿”或“在……对面”；②through
表示方 past, 指从人群或物体内部“穿过，贯穿”；③past表示动态的动作
位的介 over, 发生在某人/某物的旁边；④over表示从上方越过；⑤along表
词 along， 示“沿着”；⑥by与beside均表示“在……旁边”，by含有
by, “倚，凭靠”的意思， beside指两者位置关系。
beside
at, in, at后接较小的地方或门牌号码；in后接较大的地方； on一般指
on 与面或线接触。
in, on, in表示在某一范围之内；on表示与某一地区“毗邻，接壤”；
to, off to表示在某范围之外；off表示“(时空上)离，距”。
Over coffee our host told us a little about the history of the house.
喝咖啡时，主人给我们讲了一些有关这所房子的历史。
In fact, half of the 6,000～7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by
the next century, according to the UNESCO.
根据联合国教科文组织所说，事实上，全球范围内现在被说的六千至七千种语言中，有一
半到下个世纪可能会消失。
(1)在以下短语中，at用于表示时间段的名词前。
at dinner time 在(吃)晚饭时
at weekends/the weekend 在周末(2)当时间名词前有this, that, last, next, every, each, some等词修饰时，通常不用任何介词。
this morning 今天上午
last year 去年
(3)“on＋名词或动名词”结构可以表示“一……就……”。
On my arrival/arriving home, I discovered they had gone.
我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。
2．其他介词
介词 用法
反对，违背，与……相反；触；碰撞；紧靠，倚靠；与……竞争，对阵；
against
以……为背景
①用在表示某地点、场合、方位等的名词前；②用在表示时刻、钟点、期
at 间、……岁、时节等的名词前；③以，按(价格、速度、数量等)；④朝、
向、对着某人/某物的方向
(指程度)深于；(指范围)超出；(指可能性、理解力、能力等)非……可及；
beyond
(时间)晚于
(时间)不迟于，在……之前；常用于结构“by＋the＋单数名词”表示
by “按……计算”；(表示程度、数量)相差；经过，经由；通过(某种方法、
手段)
①(表示目的或功能)为了；②(表示对象或用途)给，对；③(表示原因)因
for 为，由于；④(表示时间、距离、数量)达，计；⑤支持，赞成；⑥至于，关
于，就……而言；⑦(表示去向)往，向；⑧(表示陈述或问题的对象)对于
①(表示地点、场所、位置等)在……里面；在……内；②(表示时间)在……
in 期间；在(一段时间)以内；在……之后；③(表示某人或某物的状态、情况)
处于……中；④关于；在……方面
①(表示接触或由某一表面支撑着)在……上；②(表示时间)在……时候；③
on
关于，有关；④借助于，通过……，以……方式
和……一起，和，同，跟；(伴)随着；具有，带有；由于，因为；(表示方
with
式)用
3.表示“除了”的介词(短语)
介词(短语) 用法
意为“除……之外(还有)”，包括后面所提的人或物，相当于in addition
besides
to。
意为“除……之外(其他的都)”，不包括后面所提到的人或物，表示同类
except 之间的关系。除了名词、代词、动名词之外，其后还可接副词、介词短
语以及that, what, when, where等引导的从句。·He is never late except when he is ill. 除了生病的时候，他从不迟到。
意为“除……之外”，排除的部分与前面的内容不属于同一类，着重用
于对个别状况的补充说明。
except for During her time in the cave, Stefania had been completely alone except for
two white mice.斯特凡尼娅在山洞里的时候，除了两只白鼠，她完全是独
自一人。
意为“除……之外”(＝except)，常用于nobody, none, no one, nothing,
anything, everyone, all之后。接不定式时，如果前有实义动词do，则不定
but
式中的to省略。
He did nothing but play all day long.他整天除了玩什么也没干。
既可相当于besides或in addition to，也可相当于except for。
apart from Apart from the ending, it's a really good film.除了结局，这部电影真的不
错。(相当于except for)
4. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
(1)for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:
I am sorry for what i said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:
He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:
He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。
(4) of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:
The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。
(5) with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。
(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
(7)because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
[提示]
besides还可作副词，意为“另外，而且”，在句中常作插入语。
I don't want to go; besides, it's too late now.
我不想去；而且，现在太晚了
【巧学妙记】
at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连，黎明、终止和开端，at与之紧接着相伴。
周月季年长时间，in须放在其前面， 泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后边。
on指特定某一天，日期、星期和节日前 某天上下和夜晚，依然要在on后站。
今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at、in、on都不用，此乃习惯记心间。【巧学妙记】
at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连，黎明、终止和开端，at与之紧接着相伴。
周月季年长时间，in须放在其前面， 泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后边。
on指特定某一天，日期、星期和节日前 某天上下和夜晚，依然要在on后站。
今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at、in、on都不用，此乃习惯记心间。
重点二 介词短语★★★★★
1.at＋名词
at a loss 不知所措 at dinner 在吃晚餐
at peace 处于和平状态 at dawn 在黎明
at war 在战争中 at work 在工作
2．其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒
at the sight of 一看到……
at the age of 在……岁时
in the face of 面对；面临
in addition (to) 另外；除了
in case of 万一
in charge of 负责；主管
in favour of 赞成；支持
in need of 需要
in no time 立刻
in a hurry 匆忙
in preparation for 为……作准备
in return for 作为回报
of help/use 有帮助的/有用的
of importance 重要的
on behalf of 代表
3．by＋名词
by accident 偶然地 by chance 偶然地
by force 用暴力 by hand 手工地
by mistake 错误地 by the month 按月算
4．beyond＋名词
beyond comparison 无与伦比
beyond control 失控
beyond description 难以描述
beyond doubt 毋庸置疑beyond expression 难以表达
beyond (one's) reach 够不到
5．in＋名词
in bed 在床上；卧床
in danger 处于危险中
in debt 负债
in difficulty 处于困难中
in high spirits 情绪高昂
in need 处于困难中
in order 整齐；井然有序
in surprise 吃惊地
in trouble 在困难中 in use 使用中
6．on＋名词
on a trip 在旅行
on business 出差
on display/show 在展出
on duty 在值班
on holiday/vacation 在度假
on sale 在出售
on strike 在罢工
on the way 在途中
7．out of＋名词
out of balance 失去平衡
out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过期
out of order 出故障
out of work 失业
8．under＋名词
under consideration 在考虑中
under construction 在建造中
under control 在控制之下
under discussion 在讨论中
under pressure 在压力下
under repair 在修理中
under treatment 在治疗中9. 复杂介词型
(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。
because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)；
on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。
(2) 表示“除……之外”。
with the exception of＝ except, except for“除……之外”；
apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当
于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides；
in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。
(3) 表示“有关，关于”。
concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”；
with respect to“关于，就……而言”；
as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。
(4) 表示“在……之前”。
ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”， 还
可表示“领先，优于”；
in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。
(5) 表示“支持，赞成”。
in support of 维护，支持，支援；
in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”
(6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。
in the light of 按照，考虑到 in terms of 就……而言，谈到
according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为
(7) 表示“尽管”。
in spite of 尽管，不管
重点三 动词短语★★★★★
1.常考动词的固定结构和搭配
(1)★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse 控告 cheat 欺骗 cure 治愈 inform 通知
remind 使想起 rob 抢劫 warn 警告 rid 使摆脱
suspect 怀疑 persuade 说服 convince 使信服
You need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热情。
(2)★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：blame 责备 criticize 批评forgive 原谅excuse 原谅
pardon 原谅 punish 惩罚 scold 责备 thank 感谢
praise 赞扬 respect 尊重 admire 钦佩；赞赏
The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching.
这所学校教学优秀，广受赞誉。
(3)★★★ 用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing) sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent 阻止 stop 阻止 keep 阻止
protect 保护 preserve 保护；保存 defend 保卫
ban 禁止 prohibit 阻止；禁止 shelter 保护
You need warm clothes to protect yourself from the cold.
你需要穿暖些，以免着凉。
2．常考的动词短语
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
result from 由……造成，因……而产生
call at 访问(某地)
add to 增加
call for 要求；需要
care about 关心
end up with 以……结束
fix one's eyes on 注视
give in 屈服；上交
get rid of 免除；摆脱
look down on/upon 轻视；看不起
make use of 利用
run out of 用完
take pride in 因……而自豪
live up to 不辜负
come up with 提出take on 呈现
put forward 提出
put up with 忍受
make fun of 取笑
adapt to 适应
refer to 涉及；查阅；指的是
come across (偶然)遇见
pick up 捡起；用车接(某人)；接收；
三维考场·全面提能
维度1 提分训练
单句语法填空(用适当的介词填空)
1．He’s not the person I saw just now. I mistook someone else _______________him.
2．I have no choice _________ to accept his invitation.
3．The power rationing in Jiangsu also forced factories in the key manufacturing (制造业)
industry to cut or even stop their operations________ the end of the month.
4．The weight-loss pills that Amy took had side effects ________ her health and caused her liver
to fail.
5．In 1844 they bought it ________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed
their marriage6．You’ll succeed________ time as long as you love it with passion because life will give back
what you put into it
7．Her old parents watched Mary until she disappeared from sight________ the distance.
8．He had to take the medicine three times a day, so as to be free ________the pain in the leg.
9．Success in life doesn’t happen ________accident. It’s the result of devoting your time and
energy to what you’ve set out to do.
10．He suddenly saw Tom ________(cross) the street, so he pushed his way________ the crowd
to catch him.
11．After seeing the film, they made comments ________some of the parts.
12．The panda is unique________ China, which is well-known to us all.
13．—Are you familiar ________the music?
—Yes, the music is very familiar ________me, but I can’t remember when and where I heard it.
14．I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
15．Warnings about the danger of smoking seem to have little impact ________this age group.
16．Nobody knew why he was often heavily ________debt.
17．The subject of the talk is announced a week ________ advance.
18．I’m writing to offer my congratulations to you ________ winning the gold medal.
19．It suddenly occurred ________ him that he should adopt the homeless child.
20．I’d appreciate it if you could make helpful comments ________ my work.
21．Can you make sense ________ what this writer is saying?
22．________ time, when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it
would cook more quickly.
23．If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your
mum’s home ________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
24．There is no such thing ________ failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another
direction.
25．Imagine you are a student and you share a flat ________another student who you think isn’t
doing her share of the housework.
维度2 易错专练
用括号内单词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变化
The 20th CPC National Congress was held from Oct 16 to 22 in Beijing. Xi Jinping, general
secretary of the CPC Central Committee, delivered a report. The document is divided into three
parts and 15 sections and contains more than 30,000 Chinese characters.
In January, ____1____ was decided to set up a ____2____ (draft) team, with Xi serving as
its head. At that meeting, General Secretary Xi demanded that the preparation work fully
____3____ (grasp) the new features of the times. The document stated: ”China ____4____(commit) to its fundamental national policy of opening to the outside world and pursues a
mutually beneficial strategy of opening up. In the report of the 20th CPC National Congress, the
word “opening-up” was mentioned as many as 29 times. The 20th National Congress of the
Communist Party of China (CPC) provides a new opportunity for China’s high-level opening-up
to the outside world and new momentum for world ____5____ (economy) growth. Up to now,
China ____6____ (sign) more than 200 cooperation documents with 149 countries and 32
international organizations under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). ____7____ the 20th
Congress report points out: We must strengthen our sense of hardship, ____8____ (prepare) for
danger in times of peace and prepare for a rainy day. While 100 years have passed in the history of
the CPC, ____9____ many successes achieved, the country is now faced with new strategic
opportunities in pursuing development.
A strong youth makes a strong country. At this time of their lives, contemporary Chinese
youth have a very broad stage _____10_____ (display) their talents and a very bright prospect to
realize their dreams.
维度3 语篇训练
语法填空
（江苏省盐城市2022-2023学年度高三期中联考质量检测）The Beijing Economic-
Technological Development Area reported a sharp decline in water consumption and a great
improvement in natural and living environment.
Water consumption per unit of GDP for the area, also known ___1___ Beijing E-Town, was
only one-third of Beijing’s average. The ___2___ (efficient) of water use in the area is among the
highest ___3___(global), said an official at the administrative committee of Beijing E-Town.
In the past decade, Beijing E-Town has __4__(far) improved its natural and living
environment,___5___(struggle) to become an ideal place to live and work and an urban area free
of “urban diseases”, which refer to problems facing big cities such as traffic jams and
environmental pollution.
Now, it has become an ideal habitat for animals. Every year, a large group of birds
___6___(spot) in the Beijing E-Town section of the Liangshui River, ___7___was once full of
pollution and had an unpleasant smell. After more than 10 years of pollution control and
management, it___8___(pass) the evaluation by the Ministry of Water Resources in 2020,
___9___(recognize) as one of the first exemplary (典范) rivers in China.
“Beijing E-Town will continue to adopt a people-centered approach to development and
promote the combination of industrial growth ___10___urban development,”said an official of
Beijing E-Town.
