文档内容
必修第一册
高二英语单元测试定心卷
Unit 5 Working the land
能力提升
I.阅读选择
1
A research by the National Center for Health Statistics is seen as an important confirmation of the
“Hispanic mortality paradox (西班牙裔死亡率悖论).”
On average, Hispanics outlive whites by 2.5 years and blacks by 7.7 years. Their life expectancy at
birth in 2006 was 80.6 years, compared with 78.1 for whites, 72.9 for blacks and 77.7 years for the total
population.
The report shows that the Hispanic population has higher life expectancy at birth and at almost every
age despite a socioeconomic status lower than that of whites. “Mortality is very correlated with income,
education and health care access,” says Elizabeth Arias, author of the report. “You would expect the
Hispanic population would have higher mortality, in line with the black population.”
The Hispanic paradox has been documented for more than two decades, but this is the first time the
government has had enough data to issue national numbers. Researchers are struggling to explain why
Hispanics live longer.
“We don’t know,” says David Hayes-Bautista, director of the Center for the Study of Latino Health
and Culture at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine. “We thought it was a problem in the data, but we
can pretty much say this is real.”
Potential factors:
·Culture and lifestyle. Support from extended family and lower rates of smoking and drinking. Latino
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂groups in particular have very strong family and social ties.
·Migration. The “healthy migrant effect” argues that healthy people are more likely to emigrate. And
when immigrants become ill, they might return home and die there.
“Solving the puzzle may help the nation deal with health care issues because Hispanics use health
services less—they make fewer doctors visits and spend less time in hospitals,” Hayes Bautista says. “It’s
clearly something in the Latino culture,” he says.
1.In 2006, Hispanics’ life expectancy is years longer than the average of the total population.
A.2. 5 B.7. 7 C.2. 9 D.80. 6
2.What does the underlined word “outlive” in the second paragraph probably mean?
A.To live longer than.
B.To live shorter than.
C.To die out.
D.To expect to live.
3.What is the main idea of paragraph three?
A.Hispanics were born better than whites.
B.Morality is closely related with health care access.
C.Whites should have longer life expectancy.
D.Even experts can’t explain the phenomenon.
【答案】
1.C
2.A
3.D
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了西班牙裔死亡率悖论，即尽管社会经济地位低于白人，西班牙裔人寿
命更长。
1.
细节理解题。有第二段中的“Their life expectancy at birth in 2006 was 80.6 years, compared with 78.1
for whites, 72.9 for blacks and 77.7 years for the total population.”（2006年，他们出生时的预期寿命为
80.6岁，而白人为78.1岁，黑人为72.9岁，总人口平均寿命为77.7岁。）可知80.6岁-77.7岁=2.9
岁，西班牙裔预期寿命比总人口的平均值长了2.9年。故选C项。
2.
词义猜测题。由第二段“On average, Hispanics outlive whites by 2.5 years and blacks by 7.7 years.
Their life expectancy at birth in 2006 was 80.6 years, compared with 78.1 for whites, 72.9 for blacks and
77.7 years for the total population.”（平均来说，西班牙裔比白人多活 2.5年，比黑人多活7.7年。
2006年，他们出生时的预期寿命为 80.6岁，而白人为78.1岁，黑人为72.9岁，总人口为77.7
岁。）可知西班牙裔比白人活得久，outlive在此处意为“To live longer than”。故选A项。
3.
主旨大意题。由第三段“The report shows that the Hispanic population has higher life expectancy at
birth and at almost every age despite a socioeconomic status lower than that of whites. “Mortality is very
correlated with income, education and health care access,” says Elizabeth Arias, author of the report. “You
would expect the Hispanic population would have higher mortality, in line with the black population.””
（报告显示，西班牙裔人口在出生时和几乎每个年龄段都有较高的预期寿命，尽管社会经济地位低
于白人。该报告的作者伊丽莎白·阿里亚斯说：“死亡率与收入、教育和医疗保健机会密切相
关。”“你会认为西班牙裔人口的死亡率会更高，与黑人人口一样。”）可知西班牙裔人口的死亡
率会与黑人人口一样，但事实是西班牙裔人口拥有更长的寿命，报告作者也弄不明白了，可推断出
第三段主要讲即使是专家也无法解释这种现象。故选D项。
2
People have always been defined by their generation. We had the baby boomers of the 1960s, followed
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂by Generation X and then Generation Y, often referred to as millennials, and the new kids on the block are
Generation Z - aged between 16 and 22. It's easy to classify these young people as all being the same,
sharing the same attitudes towards life—but is that fair?
People from Generation Z, informally called "Z-ers", may be viewed by others as digital natives,
incapable of real-world friendships. But they actually view themselves as hardworking, ambitious and
about to change the world for the better. The previous generation, born between the mid-1980s and late
1990s - the millennials were also thought to have these characteristics. But many people view this new
generation as “mini-millennials" because Z-ers are different and they have their own set of values and
preferences which consumer brands need to cater for.
It's true to say that technology is playing an important part in the lives of Generation Z, particularly in
the area of social media. In fact, they have not known life without it and using it to communicate, share
ideas and campaign is second nature. It means they have more of a say on what we eat, drink and buy than
any generation before them. These young people certainly need to be listened to by retailers （零售商）
and businesses - they are the people with time on their hands and money.
But being a Z-er comes with pressure. One young person says "Many people in Generation Z have
mental health issues because they're unsure what the future will bring." The future always brings
uncertainties but maybe there is pressure for this generation to be the most successful ever.
4.When was a Z-er likely to be born?
A.In 1964. B.In 1975.
C.In 1987. D.In 1999.
5.What do Z-ers see themselves as?
A.Diligent and ambitious. B.Hardworking and incapable.
C.Promising and different. D.Stressed and successful.
6.What're Paragraphs 2&3 trying to argue?
A.Z-ers have known life without social media.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂B.Z-ers pay too much attention to digital devices.
C.Z-ers and the millennials have the same personality.
D.Z-ers become a key driving force in the consumer market.
7.What docs the author think is the real cause of the Z-ers' pressure?
A.Their ambition to be the best.
B.Their uncertainty of the future.
C.Their addiction to digital devices.
D.Their lack of real-world friendship.
【答案】
4.D
5.A
6.D
7.A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了95后这一代人的特点，包括他们对自己的看法，压力和对市场的影
响。
4.
细节理解题。根据文章第一段and the new kids on the block are Generation Z - aged between 16 and 22
（新一代是Z世代，年龄在16到22岁之间）可知，根据推算Z世代可能出生于1999年。故选D
项。
5.
细节理解题。根据文章第二段But they actually view themselves as hardworking, ambitious and about to
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂change the world for the better（但实际上，他们认为自己努力工作，雄心勃勃，即将把世界变得更
美好）可知，95 后认为自己是勤奋的，有抱负的。A.Diligent and ambitious 勤奋有抱负；
B.Hardworking and incapable 努力的和不能胜任的；C.Promising and different 有前途和不同的；D.
Stressed and successful有压力和成功的。故选A项。
6.
推理判断题。根据文章第三段 These young people certainly need to be listened to by retailers and
businesses - they are the people with time on their hands and money（零售商和企业当然需要听取这些
年轻人的意见——他们有的是时间，有的是钱）可知，95后是消费者市场的驱动力。故选D项。
7.
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段The future always brings uncertainties but maybe there is pressure for
this generation to be the most successful ever（未来总是会带来不确定性，但也许这一代人有压力要成
为有史以来最成功的一代）可知，95后真正的压力时他们渴望做到最好。故选A项。
3
Agriculture plays an essential role in the rise of the human civilization. Even though agriculture is
contributing to employment of a significant part of the population in majority nations, over the years, the
percentage of workers has witnessed a steep decline. According to world-wide estimations, not even five
percentage of the population in rich nations is employed in the agricultural sector.
Agriculture is still the backbone of the economy in several nations of Africa. According to data
released by the World Bank in 2017, the top ten countries where agriculture plays a vital role in
employment are in Africa. Burundi, the landlocked nation on the eastern side of the continent, has 91% of
its population dependent on it. However, only 15% of the total agricultural production goes to the market.
Sweet potatoes, beans, bananas and corn, are some major crops produced on the land.
The second largest employment in agriculture was also registered in an African country； Chad with
87% population working on the field. Other nations which follow on the list are： Somalia, Central
African Republic, Malawi, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Niger, Mauritania,
Madagascar and Mozambique. Amid the developing countries of BRICS, it is India where more people are
employed by agriculture. The agriculture in India can be traced back to the era of Indus Valley Civilization.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂By 2017, 43 % of the Indian population is dependent on the agriculture sector for employment.
Meanwhile, many developed countries witness less than 15 percent of their population engaged in the
agriculture sector. These nations include Greece, Malaysia, Russia, New Zealand, the United States, the
United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, Australia, France, Italy, Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and many
others. At the bottom of the list stand United Arab Emirates , Singapore and Hong Kong, with 0 % of its
people employed in agriculture.
8.What does the writer want to highlight in the first paragraph?
A.Agriculture is the foundation of civilization.
B.Agriculture is the main sector of employment.
C.Agriculture is the backbone of the economy.
D.The agricultural population is in sharp decline.
9.Most part of the agricultural produce in Burundi ________.
A.is for family use B.goes to the market
C.is used for export D.goes to the government
10.Where does Central African Republic rank in employment in agriculture in the world?
A.Second. B.Third.
C.Fourth. D.Fifth.
11.We can infer from the text that the larger population in agriculture ________.
A.the more developed the country B.the less developed the economy
C.the more advanced the civilization D.the longer the history of a country
【答案】
8.D
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂9.A
10.C
11.B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述世界农业人口的变化以及某些国家的农业人口比例。
8.
细节理解题。由第一段的第二句“Even though agriculture is contributing to employment of a
significant part of the population in majority nations, over the years, the percentage of workers has
witnessed a steep decline.”可知，即使农业年在大多数国家人口的就业做出重要贡献，但是近几年，
农业人口已经在急剧下降。由此可见，作者在第一段想要强调农业人口在急剧下降。结合选项可知
选项D正确。
9.
推理判断题。由第二段的第三句“Burundi, the on the eastern side of the continent, has 91% of its
population dependent on it. ”和第四句“However, only 15% of the total agricultural production goes to
the market.”可知，布隆迪，这个非洲大陆东边的内陆国家，它91%的人口依赖于农业。但是，所有
农产品中只有的5%进入市场。由此可见，布隆迪的大部分农产品都是用于家庭消费使用。结合选
项可知，选项A正确。
10.
细节理解题。由第三段的第一句“The second largest employment in agriculture was also registered in
an African country； Chad with 87% population working on the field.”和第二句“Other nations which
follow on the list are： Somalia, Central African Republic, Malawi, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Niger, Mauritania, Madagascar and Mozambique.”可知，农业就业第二大的也是
在一个非洲国家：有87%的人口在田地工作的乍得国家。名单上其他紧随其后的国家分别是：索马
里，中非，马拉维，厄立特里亚，几内亚比绍，刚果，尼日尔，毛里塔尼亚，马达加斯加和莫桑比
克。由此可见，中非在世界农业就业排名第四。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
11.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂推理判断题。由第二段的第一句“Agriculture is still the backbone of the economy in several nations of
Africa.”和第四段的第一句“Meanwhile, many developed countries witness less than 15 percent of their
population engaged in the agriculture sector.”可知，农业在非洲的几个国家中仍然是经济的支柱。与
此同时，很多发达国家参与农业部分的人口少于15%。由此可见，农业人口的比例越大，经济越不
发达。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
4
In an early survey conducted in 1888, a billion and a half people inhabited the earth. Now, the
population exceeds seven billion. This means that the world must accommodate a new population roughly
equal to that of the United States and Canada every three years. Even though the rate of growth has begun
to slow down, most experts believe the population size will still pass eight billion soon.
If we examine the amount of land available for this ever-increasing population, we begin to see the
problem. Everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each have about 50,000 square
metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the type of land we would have. Not all
land is useful to humans as it cannot produce food. We can cut out about one fifth of it because it is
permanently covered by snow and ice. Then we can cut out another one fifth because it is desert. Another
fifth is too mountainous or is too great a height above sea-level. A tenth doesn’t have enough soil for crops
to grow - it is bare rock. Now the position begins to look rather mom bleak (荒凉)!
Obviously, with so little land to support us, we should be taking great care not to reduce it further. But
are we? We are consuming its “ capital” , which means its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral
deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades. We are also
doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils,
groundwater and the millions of other species that share earth with us.
The birth of a baby in, for example, Hong Kong, imposes more than a hundred times the amount of
stress on the world's resources as a baby in India. Most people in India do not grow up to own cars or air-
conditioners. Nor do they eat the huge amount of meat and fish that the Hong Kong child does. Their life-
styles do not require vast quantities of minerals and energy. Also, they are aware of the requirements of the
land around them and try to put something back into nature to replace what they take out.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂12.Why does the author mention the example of America and Canada?
A.To emphasize that world population has to be reduced.
B.To give a brief history of the population growth.
C.To stress how quickly the world population is rising.
D.To point out what a large population they have.
13.According to the author, how much per person of the earths surface can be used to produce food?
A.15,000 square metres. B.25,000 square metres.
C.30,000 square metres. D.40,000 square metres.
14.Which of the following belongs to vital resources?
A.Fossil fuels. B.Mineral deposits.
C.Chemical fertilizer. D.Groundwater.
15.When can learn from the passage that _____.
A.different lifestyles require similar quantities of resources
B.a Hong Kong baby consumes more resources than an Indian baby
C.tropical forest are being better used for pastureland
D.nature is powerful enough to destroy an aggressive man
【答案】
12.C
13.A
14.D
15.B
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界人口的快速增长，还有由于我们能用来生产食物的土地太
少，所以我们要保护土地。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This means that the world must accommodate a new population
roughly equal to that of the United States and Canada every three years. Even though the rate of growth has
begun to slow down, most experts believe the population size will still pass eight billion soon.”可知，这意
味着，世界每三年必须容纳大约相当于美国和加拿大的新人口。尽管人口的增长速度已经开始放缓
但大多数专家认为人口规模仍将很快超过80亿。由此可知，作者提到美国和加拿大的例子是为了
强调世界人口的快速增长。故选C项。
13.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Everyone on the planet had an equal share of land, we would each
have about 50,000 square metres. This figure seems to be quite encouraging until we examine the type of
land we would have. Not all land is useful to humans as it cannot produce food. We can cut out about one
fifth of it because it is permanently covered by snow and ice. Then we can cut out another one fifth because
it is desert. Another fifth is too mountainous or is too great a height above sea-level. A tenth doesn’t have
enough soil for crops to grow - it is bare rock.”可知，每人能用来生产食物的土地面积是50，000*（1-
1/5-1/5-1/5-1/10）=15，000。故选A项。
14.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually
thought of as being nonrenewable such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that
share earth with us.”可知，我们还对其他通常不被认为是不可再生的重要资源，如肥沃的土壤、地
下水和与我们共享地球的数百万其他物种，采取同样的行动。由此可知，地下水属于重要资源。故
选D项。
15.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The birth of a baby in, for example, Hong Kong, imposes more than a
hundred times the amount of stress on the world's resources as a baby in India.”可知，例如，在香港出生
的婴儿，是印度婴儿的世界资源消费量的一百倍以上。故选B项。
II.七选五
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多余选项。
Urbanization
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human being lived and died without ever seeing a city.
The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 16 .In fact, nearly everyone lived on
farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first
urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a
living.Britain was only the beginning. 17 .The process of urbanization—the migration (迁徙) of people from
the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people
live and where they live.In 1900, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.
Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 18 .Large cities were
impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about
ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities. 19 .Until modern times, those living in cities were
mainly the ruling elite (精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived
by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus（过剩）food that the rural population
produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the
Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 20 .Today, instead of needing
ninetyfive farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-
farmers.
A.That kept cities very small.
B.The rest live in small towns.
C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.
D.Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.
E.But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.
F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.
【答案】
16.E
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂17.D
18.B
19.A
20.F
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章的主题是城市化。文章讲述了过去城市规模小，农民人口多，到现代化之后，
农民人口变少，但农业产量反而增加，更多的人住在城市，体现了社会的变迁。
16.根据前一句“The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago”可知，此处讲的是以
前城市的情况，即第一座城市仅仅是5500年才出现的，甚至200年前，也只有很少一部分人生活
在城市中。其他几个选项没有关于以前城市的描述。故选择E。
17. 根据前一句的“Britain was only the beginning”可知，英国只是个开始，关键词beginning，因
此后面出现的是soon，句意：英国只是个开始，很快，其他工业国家也变成了城市化社会。故选择
D。
18. 根据前一句的“Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms”可知，目
前，超过82%的美国人住在城市，只有2%的人住在农场，在讲完了82%和2%之后，还有剩下的人
呢，住在哪里呢？因此可以推断出，下一句讲述的是 the rest即，其余的人住在什么地方。因此，
选择B，其余的人住在城镇里。故选择B。
19.根据前一句的“It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities”可知，要有95
个人在农场里工作，才能养活5个城市里的人，因此城市里居住的人肯定要少，规模肯定很小，因
此选择A项，这种原因导致了城市规模很小。故选择A。
20.根据后面的“Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American
farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers”可知，现在一个美国人在农场里工作，可以养
活100多个非农美国人，因此现代化让农民更加多产，让更多的人可以居住在城市里。故选择F。
III.完形填空
In 2000 a report was published about what the earth might be like 20 years from then on. The report
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂was a result of a three-year 21
According to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2020 is not a 22 one. The world will
be more 23 because the population will continue to grow. The population could be 24 6 900
million, almost 2 450 million more than in 1995. More people would move into cities, especially cities in
25 countries. Cities like Cairo and Jakarta probably would 26 have 15 million by then.
Food production will 27 , but not enough to feed all the people. Farmers will grow 90% more
food than they did in 1995, 28 most of the increase would be in countries that 29 produce
enough food for their people. Little increase is 30 in South Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Poor
farming ways are 31 large areas of crop land, changing farms into deserts. More farmland is 32
as cities become larger and more houses are built. 33 will get worse as industrial countries burn more
coal and oil. Many of the world’s 34 could disappear as more and more trees are cut down. Energy
will continue to be a serious problem. The experts say their picture of the earth for the year 2020 35
They only carried out the situation that 36 today. By changing the situation, by 37 the
problems, the picture can be changed. There is 38 time for the nations of the world to work 39
a plan of action. But they warned that 40 too long to make decisions would greatly reduce the
chances of success.
21.A.learning B.project C.notice D.study
22.A.pleased B.pleasant C.safe D.blue
23.A.dangerous B.beautiful C.crowded D.terrible
24.A.no more than B.as many as C.as much as D.as large as
25.A.developing B.developed C.big D.mountainous
26.A.none B.each C.all D.neither
27.A.insist B.reduce C.increase D.continue
28.A.so B.but C.or D.however
29.A.already B.hardly C.partly D.never
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂30.A.wanted B.lacked C.found D.expected
31.A.destroying B.protecting C.disturbing D.interrupting
32.A.saved B.lost C.discovered D.found
33.A.Air pollution B.Water pollution C.Some diseases D.All farmland
34.A.animals B.plants C.forests D.people
35.A.must be true B.will come true C.can't be true D.may be wrong
36.A.happens B.develops C.exists D.appears
37.A.settling B.working out C.answering D.dealing
38.A.no B.still C.less D.plenty of
39.A.about B.in C.out D.for
40.A.working B.suggesting C.spending D.waiting
【答案】
21.D
22.B
23.C
24.D
25.A
26.B
27.C
28.B
29.A
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂30.D
31.A
32.B
33.A
34.C
35.D
36.C
37.A
38.B
39.C
40.D
【解析】
试题分析：文章讲述的是人口迅速增长带来的一系列问题，号召我们一定要尽快采取行动。
21.D考查动词辨析A. learning学习；B. project 项目；C. notice注意；D. study学习；study 意为
“研究”，根据下文，这是指对未来20年地球上的情况变化所作的研究，故选D项。
22.B考查形容词辨析A. pleased高兴的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. safe安全的；D. blue蓝色的；
与后面的人口增长，环境污染等联系起来看，在2010年地球上的状况将会令人不愉快，故选B项。
23.C考查形容词辨析A. dangerous 危险的；B. beautiful漂亮的；C.crowded拥挤的；D. terrible可怕
的；因为人口继续增长，所以世界会越来越拥挤，故选C项。
24.D考查短语辨析A. no more than不在；B. as many as一样多；C. as much as一样多；D. as large as
一样大；指人口数目的多用large，不用small。指人口达到某一数目用“as large as + 数词”，故选
D项。
25.A考查形容词辨析A. developing发展中；B. developed 发达的；C. big大的；D. mountainous多
山的；从现状来看，人口增长快的国家多为发展但不发达的国家；而城市人口急剧增长的则是一些
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂发展中的国家(developing countries)，故选A项。
26.B考查代词辨析A. none没有；B. each每一个；C. all 所有；D. neither两个中一个也没有；前面
提到了两个城市，故此空只能填each。neither具有否定意义，不合句意，不能插入谓语之中，故选
B项。
27.C考查动词辨析A. insist坚持；B. reduce 减少；C. increase 增加；D. continue继续；相临几句是
讲粮食增长问题，故选increase“增长”。
28.B考查连词辨析A. so 因此；B. but但是；C. or否则；D. however然而；前后两句具有转折意义：
农民所生产的粮食将比1985多90%，但多数增产粮食的国家是已经有足够粮食供人们生活的国家，
故选B项。
29.A考查副词辨析A. already已经；B. hardly几乎不；C. partly部分地；D. never从不；由下句可知：
是指已经有足够粮食供人们生活的国家，故选A项。
30.C考查动词辨析A. wanted想；B. lacked缺少；C. found发现；D. known知道；句意为：在亚洲
南部的国家预计增产幅度不大，故选C项。
31.A考查动词辨析A. destroying破坏；B. protecting保护；C. disturbing打扰；D. interrupting打断；
由changing farms into deserts可知：不当农业生产方式毁坏(destroy)了大片生产粮食的土地，故选A
项。
32.B考查动词辨析A. saved救；B. lost失去；C. discovered发现；D. found发现；由于扩建城市，
修建房屋，必然侵占大量农田，故选lost
33.A考查名词辨析A. Air pollution 空气污染；B. Water pollution水污染；C. Some diseases一些疾病；
D. All farmland所有的耕地；由burn coal and oil必然排放大量烟雾，可推知：此处指空气污染，故
选A项。
34.C考查名词辨析A. animals动物；B. plants 植物；C. forests森林；D. people人；由more and
more trees are cut down可推知：此处指森林(forests)可能消失，故选C项。
35.D考查动词的时态A. must be true一定是真的；B. will come true 将会实现；C. can't be true不可
能是真的；D. may be wrong可能是错误的；此句意为：专家说地球到2010年的状况可能会不好，
故选B项。
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂36.C考查动词辨析A. happens发生；B. develops发展；C. exists存在 ；D. makes使；由上下文可知
环境正遭受污染和破坏，专家们只是想保存今天的状况，故选C项。
37.A考查动词辨析A. settling定居；B. working工作；C. answering回答；D. dealing处理；句意，
通过解决问题，这幅图画可以被改变。settle the problems 意为“解决问题”，故选A项。
38.D考查形容词辨析A. no没有；B. still仍然；C. less比较少；D. plenty of许多；句意为：现在还
有时间给世界各国制定行动计划，故选D项。
39.C考查介词辨析A. about 关于；B. in在，里；C. out 出去；D. for为了；句意为：现在还有时间
给世界各国制定行动计划，work out a plan 意为“制定计划”，故选C项。
40.C考查动词辨析A. working工作；B. suggesting建议；C. spending花费；D. waiting等待；句意为：
专家们警告说等待太长的时间作出决定将会极大地减少成功的机会来源，故选C项。
IV.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has allowed all couples to have two children, 41 .(abandon) its decades-long one-child policy.
The change of policy 42 .(intend) to balance population development and address the challenge of an aging
population.
With reference to the new policy, some single-child parents can’t wait to welcome new babies.
However, many factors 43 .(consider), some feel a dilemma, associated with their decision to have one
more child. For one thing, it seems 44 .(benefit) as there are no other children in the family for the only
child to associate with, 45 .may lead to the child feeling lonely at times, especially during 46 .(vocation).
For another, a common argument 47 . having just one child may be more spoiled than one with
brothers or sisters. Many people believe that a single child won't have to learn to negotiate with others, and
respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships. Some think this may leave the child less able to
interact 48 .(good) with people his or her own age than one who has been raised with brothers or sisters.
However, the pressure of giving time and energy to a second child can seem too great, particularly for
those with busy careers, resulting in 49 .(they) selecting to have no more children. For some other parents,
50 . financial burden of having a second child may be the prime consideration.
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂【答案】
41.abandoning
42.is intended
43.considered
44.beneficial
45.which
46.vocations
47.against
48.well
49.their
50.the
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了不同的家庭就是否应该有两个孩子的不同的考虑和看法。
41.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语China和abandon之
间是主动关系，故用现在分词，故填abandoning。
42.考查时态。分析句子结构可知，此处是句子谓语动词，根据前文的 has allowed判断为一般现在
时，intend和主语the change of the policy之间是动宾关系，故用一般现在的被动语态，主语是单数，
故填is intended。
43.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词作定语，consider和逻辑主语factors
之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词，故填considered。
44.考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为seem的表语，故填beneficial。
45.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词 there are no
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂other children in the family for the only child to associate with 在从句中充当主语，故用关系代词
which，故填which。
46.考查名词的数。vocation为可数名词，结合句意可知，此处的“假期”不止一个，故应用复数形
式，故填vacations。
47.考查介词。根据后文having just one child may be more spoiled than one with brothers or sisters.可知，
这里表示“反对”，故填against。
48.考查副词。此处应填副词修饰动词interact，故填well。
49.考查代词。本句考查one’s doing sth作宾语的用法，their selecting to have no more children(他们选
择不要更多的孩子)，故填their。
50.考查冠词。句意：对于其他父母来说，再养一个孩子的经济压力或许是首要考虑的。此处特指
养孩子的经济压力，故用定冠词，故填the。
V.应用文写作
根据下列提示为21st Century Teens写一篇题为 Development of agriculture in China的小短文。
（词数120左右）
1. 中国是一个有十三亿人口的大国。
2. 在过去的二十多年间，中国发生了巨大变化，尤其在农业方面。
3. 中国仅有世界7%的土地，却成功地养活了世界22%的人口。
4. 其耕地(farming land)的灌溉面积是世界上最大的。种植了世界三分之一的大米。渔业也非常重要，
淡水鱼随处可见。
5. 废弃的蔬菜(vegetable waste)被用来养猪、养鸡；人和动物的粪便(waste)产生的气体被用来供热
和做饭。
6. 如果世界上其他地方也像中国一样重视和发展农业，就不会再有饥饿。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________
【答案】
Development of Agriculture in China
China is a large country with a population of 1.3 billion. In the past twenty years, great changes have
taken place in China, especially in agriculture where modern biotechnology plays a an important part.
China only has occupied the world 7% lands, which has supported 22% populations in the world. The
irrigation area of farming land is the largest in the world, which actually has planted the world’s 1/3 rice.
Besides, fishing is also important. Fresh water fish can be seen everywhere. Vegetable waste is used to feed
pigs and chickens. Gas produced from human and animal waste is used for heating and cooking. If the rest
of the world also fully emphasized and developed agriculture like China, there would be no starvation.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文，要求考生根据提示，以Development of agriculture in China为题写一
篇小短文。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁： 提纲类作文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
要求：1. 中国是一个有十三亿人口的大国。
2. 在过去的二十多年间，中国发生了巨大变化，尤其在农业方面。
3. 中国仅有世界7%的土地，却成功地养活了世界22%的人口。
4. 其耕地(farming land)的灌溉面积是世界上最大的。种植了世界三分之一的大米。渔业也非常重要，
淡水鱼随处可见。
5. 废弃的蔬菜(vegetable waste)被用来养猪、养鸡；人和动物的粪便(waste)产生的气体被用来供热
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂和做饭。
6. 如果世界上其他地方也像中国一样重视和发展农业，就不会再有饥饿。。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
take place，play a great important part；is used to；produced from；the rest of
第三步：连词成句
1. China is a large country with a population of 1.3 billion.
2. In the past twenty years, great changes have taken place in China, especially in agriculture where modern
biotechnology plays a great important part.
3. China only has occupied the world 7% lands, which has supported 22% populations in the world. 4. The
irrigation area of farming land is the largest in the world, which actually has planted the world’s 1/3 rice.
5. Fishing is also important.
6. Fresh water fish can be seen everywhere.
7. Vegetable waste is used to feed pigs and chickens.
8. Gas produced from human and animal waste is used for heating and cooking.
9. If the rest of the world also fully emphasized and developed agriculture like China, there would be no
starvation.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but
(also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the
one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作
者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：China only has occupied the world 7% lands, which has
supported 22% populations in the world. 和The irrigation area of farming land is the largest in the world,
which actually has planted the world’s 1/3 rice. 这两句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；使
用了一些固定词组，如take place，play a great important part；is used to；produced from；the rest of
等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分
明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
VI.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Why is the world’s population growing？The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the
explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits，but that people have stopped dropping
dead like flies.In 1900，people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while
increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century，declining birth rate could be a defining one of
the 21st.
Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to
2.5 nowadays.Furthermore，around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now
below the replacement level (i.e.2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing
sub-replacement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially
since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations)，but you’d be wrong.Declining birth rate is a
major problem in many developing regions too，which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work
force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China，for instance.What does it imply？
First ， China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the
country.Second，if other factors such as technology remain constant，economic growth and material
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.
Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992
the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official
figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than
those in 1961.Why is this occurring？Nobody is quite sure，but poor diet and above all long-time
alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don’t bend，Russia’s population will be about the size
of Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the north of India，the population is booming due to high birth rates，but in the south，where
most economic development is taking place，birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist，birth rate is
highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total,25% of India’s
working-age population has no education.In 2030，a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be
totally uneducated.
One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA，it is almost
unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—
2030.Moreover，the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it’s likely to
see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer
term.
【答案】
The impact of dropping birth rate in the 21st century may be disastrous to both developed and
developing countries, resulting in lack of young work force. (要点1) This population problem facing China
will greatly affect its economic growth. (要点2) The earlier death of Russians caused by people's way of
life will also damage its economic future. (要点3) One solution, like America, is to increase its population
through immigration, which will compensate for the decline. (要点4) (71 words)
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作题。文章要求是写一篇60词左右的文章概要。
【详解】
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂分四个要点：第一、出生率的下降也许是灾难，因为这样会缺少劳动力。The impact of dropping
birth rate in the 21st century may be disastrous to both developed and developing countries, resulting in
lack of young work force. (要点1)
第二、中国要面对的这个人口问题会严重影响其经济增长。This population problem facing China will
greatly affect its economic growth. (要点2)
第三、因为生活方式导致俄罗斯人早死也会导致其经济问题。The earlier death of Russians caused by
people's way of life will also damage its economic future. (要点3)
第四、一个解决方案就像美国一样增加移民以增加人口数量，这会弥补人口的衰减。One solution,
like America, is to increase its population through immigration, which will compensate for the decline. (要
点4)
【点睛】
使用高级句型如使用现在分词和过去分词作各种成分：...resulting in lack of young work force.作结果
状语。problem facing China作定语。caused by people's way of life作death的定语。非限制性定语从
句的使用：...immigration, which will compensate for the decline. (要点4)
更多资料添加微信号：hiknow_007 淘宝搜索店铺：乐知课堂
