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人教版选择性必修第四册重点单词短语句型汇总
Unit 1 science fiction................................................................................................................- 1 -
unit 2 Iconic attractions..........................................................................................................- 10 -
Unit 3 Sea Exploration............................................................................................................- 19 -
Unit 4 Sharing.........................................................................................................................- 28 -
Unit 5 Launching Your Career.................................................................................................- 38 -
Unit 1 science fiction
Words and Phrases
1 superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
[教材原句 P ] In scifi stories，robots often become superior and take
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over.
在科幻小说中，机器人通常会变得更高级，并接管一切。
[例 1] You're a very superior young woman.
你是一个非常优秀的年轻女性。
[例 2] Team 1 was superior in number to Team 2.
第一组在数量上超过了第二组。
[造句] 这些新产品远远优于老产品。
The new products are far superior to the old ones.
[知识拓展]
superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹
be superior in 在……方面优越
be superior to 胜过；比……好；不为……所动/屈服
rise superior to 超越……；不为……所影响
2 conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
[教材原句 P ] A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT
7BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD
CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.
机器人必须服从人类给它的命令，除非这种命令与第一定律相冲突。
[例 1] He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with mine.
他对自己的观点坚定不移，而这些观点通常和我的相冲突。
[例 2] The two reports of what had happened conflicted with each
other.
关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。
[造句] 这次陈述与他们上个月的陈述相矛盾。
This statement conflicted with the one they made last month.
[知识拓展]
in conflict with 与……冲突/与……矛盾
come into conflict with 与……冲突/与……矛盾
3 turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
[教材原句 P ] Night came as if a lamp was being turned out，and in
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another moment came the day.
黑夜来临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，又过了一会儿，白天来临了。
[例 1] The captain turned out the “no smoking” signs.
队长把“禁止吸烟”的标志牌都翻了过来。
[例 2] He said he was a doctor，but later he turned out to be a
cheat.
他自称是个医生，结果证明他是个骗子。
[造句] 你离开教室时别忘了关灯。
Don't forget to turn out the light when you leave the classroom.
[知识拓展]
turn to 转向；求助于turn in 上交
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn down 关小；调低；拒绝
turn up 出现；到场；出席；出来；来到；
调大(声音、火等)
4 fall away(逐渐)减少；消失
[教材原句 P ] As my pace grew faster，the walls of the laboratory fell
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away，and I was left in the open air.
当我的速度加快时，实验室的墙壁消失了，我已经进入了旷野。
[例 1] I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river，far below
me.
我看到地面陷落到河里面去了，在我脚下很深的地方。
[例 2] You'd scarcely believe anybody could fall away so rapidly.
你简直难以相信一个人会消瘦得这么快。
[造句] 他的老朋友全都离开了他。
All his old friends fell away from him.
[知识拓展]
fall apart 结束；分裂；解体；崩溃
fall back 后退；倒退
fall behind 落后(于对手)
fall down 表现不足(或有误)；失败
5 urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐
[教材原句 P ] I had a strong urge to look at the random things that
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were being flashed before my eyes!
我有一种强烈的冲动去看那些在我眼前闪现的随机的东西。[例 1] She urged me into going to see him immediately.
她劝我立即去看他。
[例 2] We all urged him to go ahead with his plan.
我们都鼓励他实施他的计划。
[造句] 你的进步会促进我们努力学习。
Your progress will urge us to work hard.
[知识拓展]
(1)urge sth./sb.on 催促某物/某人前进
urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge sb.into doing sth. 催促/力劝某人做某事
urge that...(should) ＋动词原形 催促；极力主张……
It is urged that... 坚决要求……；极力主张……
(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望/冲动
(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的
6 test out 检验；测试
[教材原句 P ] It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.
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这项试验将由拉里的夫人克莱尔来测试。
[例 1] Scientists test out theories by experiment.
科学家用实验来检验理论。
[例 2] I wanted to test out the television set before I bought it.
买电视机之前，我要把它好好检验一下。
[造句] 你已经检验过架子上的货物了吗？
Have you already tested out the goods on the shelf?
[知识拓展]
test sb.out 试用，试验，考验(某人)test for 检验﹙成分等﹚；对人﹙或物﹚
做……检测﹙或化验、测试等﹚
put...to the test 使……经受考验；检验；试验
7 appointment n．预约；约会；委任
[教材原句 P ] She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she
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went into an expensive clothes shop.
她按照约定去涂了指甲油，然后走进了一家昂贵的服装店。
[例 1] They made an appointment for the second day of May.
他们在五月二号有个约会。
[例 2] He secured the appointment of professor of English literature
in the university.
他获聘为该大学的英国文学教授。
[造句] 我想预约看医生。
I'd like to make an appointment to see the doctor.
[知识拓展]
(1)have/make an appointment with sb. 约见某人；与某人约会
(2)appoint vt. 委派；任命；指定；约定；确定
appoint sb.to be/as... 任命某人(某职)
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
appoint time/place for... 安排/确定时间/地点……
(3)appointed adj. 约定的；指定的
8 dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
[教材原句 P ] The guests would be arriving soon，so Claire dismissed
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Tony for the rest of the night.
客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。
[例 1] It was not easy to dismiss the matter from his mind.让他不把这件事放在心上很难。
[例 2] He dismissed her suggestion out of hand.
他一口拒绝了考虑她的建议。
[造句] 他很快就被解雇了。
He was soon dismissed from his job.
[知识拓展]
dismiss from 将(某人)从……开除；解雇；使退去
be dismissed from one's service (某人)被免职；被解雇
dismiss fear from one's mind 消除(某人)心里的恐惧
9 declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布
[教材原句 P ] She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her
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the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
她听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于
仅仅使她开心。
[例 1] He declared his true feelings to her.
他向她表明了自己的真实感情。
[例 2] He declared that he would never steal again.
他声明他再也不偷窃了。
[造句] 大多数人宣布拥护和平，反对战争。
Most people declared for peace and against war.
[知识拓展]
(1)declare sb./sth.to be ＋n./adj.宣布/宣称/某人/某事为……
declare that... 宣布/宣称/声明……
declare war on/upon... 向……宣战
declare against 声明反对declare for 声明赞成
(2)declaration n. 宣布，宣告，声明
Sentence Pattern
1 强调句型
[教材原句 P ] It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time
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Machines began its career.
今天十点钟，第一个时间机器开始了它的使命。
[句式分析]
句中 It was at ten o'clock today that 为强调句型：it's＋被强调部分＋
that ＋其他成分。
[例 1] It was John who/that bought an old bike yesterday in a
marketplace.
是约翰昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。
[例 2] It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
直到下车之后我才意识到这事。
[造句] 我把雨伞落在了教室里。
It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.
[知识拓展]
强调句型的基本结构为：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成
分
(1)此结构中 it 没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调部分。
(2)此强调句型只能强调主语、宾语、状语，不能强调谓语。
(3)被强调的成分是表示人的词时用 who/that，而被强调是其他时
(事物、时间、地点等)只能用 that。2 形式主语 it
[教材原句 P ] Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being
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offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom
and integrity and began to trust him.克莱尔觉得，机器人向她表示同情，
这有点荒唐可笑，但是她逐渐钦佩托尼的智慧和正直，并开始信任他
了。
[句式分析]
句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。
[例 1] It is important that you arrive on time.
你准时到达很重要。
[例 2] It is necessary that he come next Monday.
他有必要下周一来。
[造句] 他改变主意很正常。
It is natural that he changed his mind.
[知识拓展]
英语中把主语从句后置，同时把形式主语 it 放在主语位置的常见句
型有：
(1)It is＋过去分词(reported，believed，said，announced 等)＋主语从
句 (该结构可与“Sb./Sth.＋ be＋过去分词＋to do...”结构相互转换)
(2)It＋不及物动词(seem，happen，turn out，appear 等)＋主语从句
(3)It is＋名词词组(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour 等)＋主语从句
(4)It is ＋adj.(clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely 等)＋主语从
句
3 be ＋ being ＋ 形容词
[教材原句 P ] Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as
3good as Gladys.
托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她就像格拉迪斯一样好。
[句式分析]
句中 was being sensitive 为“be ＋ being ＋ 形容词”结构，强调
某人在特定的某个时刻或时候的状况，而不是指这个人一直都是这样
的。
[例 1] Is he being funny?
他是在故意开玩笑吗？
[例 2] The children are being quiet，I wonder what they're up to.
孩子们竟这样安静，我不知道他们又要捣什么鬼。(暗示平时很吵
闹)
[造句] 并非所有人都认为政 府这样做特别慷慨。
Not everyone thinks that the government is being particularly
generous.
[知识拓展]
“be ＋ being ＋ adj.”结构用于陈述句，表示“被陈述对象一时
的反常举止或行为以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备、讽刺等情绪”。
4 suggest that... 建议
[教材原句 P ] He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends
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to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
托尼建议克莱尔邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友到家里来玩，时间就定在
托尼离去和拉里回家之前的那个晚上。
[句式分析]
句中 suggest 表示“建议”，宾语从句谓语动词应用“should＋动词原
形”，should 可以省略。[例 1] They suggested that we should visit a class right away.
他们建议我们马上去听课。
[例 2] I suggested that he rest，and sent him for an Xray.
我建议他休息，并送他去拍了 X 光片。
[造句] 老师建议我直接写信给他。
The teacher suggested that I write him directly.
[知识拓展]
suggest 还可以表示“暗示；表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句用陈述
语气而不用虚拟语气。
unit 2 Iconic attractions
Words and Phrases
1 distribution n．分布；分配；分发
[教材原句 P ] It has to be the kangaroo，as it has a wide distribution
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throughout the country.
这个动物一定是袋鼠，因为它广泛分布在全国各地。
[例 1] Our catalogue lists all our books that are available for general
distribution.
我们在目录中列出所有全面发行的书。
[例 2] The country was noted for its uneven distribution of land
resources.
这个国家以土地资源分布不均匀出名。
[造句] 松树的分布很广。
Pines have a very wide distribution.[知识拓展]
(1)distribution to 分发给
(2)distribute vt. 分配；分发
distribute sth.to/among 把某物分配/发给……
distribute...into... 把……分成……
2 license vt.批准；许可 n．许可证；执照
[教材原句 P ] If you want to hold a koala，you have to go to certain
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licensed zoos...
如果你想抱树袋熊，你必须去某些有许可证的动物园……
[例 1] The authorities license certain shops to sell tobacco.
当局批准特定店铺出售烟草。
[例 2] He was licensed to do no more than send a message.
允许他做的事情只不过是捎个信而已。
[造句] 他们已发了许可证给那家私人旅馆。
They have licensed the private hotel.
[知识拓展]
license sb.to do... 允许或批准某人做某事
be licensed for 获准……
3 violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的
[教材原句 P ] Fortunately，despite their name，they are generally not
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violent towards people.
幸运的是，尽管他们的名字不好听，但它们通常对待人并不暴力。
[例 1] They laid violent hands on him.
他们对他施以暴力。[例 2] The violent winds buried the village in sand.
狂风把村子掩埋在沙中。
[造句] 这个精神病患者很暴力，不得不把他锁起来。
The mad man was violent and had to be locked up.
[知识拓展]
(1)lay violent hands on 对……行凶，对……下毒手
be violent to/towards 对……粗暴
(2)violence n. 暴力；暴行
4 hatch vi.孵出；破壳 vt.使孵出；策划；(尤指)密谋
[教材原句 P ] Its eggs hatch after about ten days...
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它的蛋大约 10 天后破壳……
[例 1] Don't count the chickens before they are hatched.
[谚]鸡蛋还未孵，别忙数鸡雏。
[例 2] I hatched all the arrangement for the dance.
我为舞会做了一切安排。
[造句] 那些蛋孵化了吗？
Have the eggs hatched out yet?
[知识拓展]
hatch eggs 孵蛋
hatch out 孵化出来；结果变成
5 foundation n．创建；基础；地基
[教材原句 P ] The foundation of Australia
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澳大利亚的建立
[例 1] The foundations of the building settled.这房屋的地基下陷了。
[例 2] The foundation of democracy is the will of the people to
preserve liberty.
民主的基础在于人民维护自由的意志。
[造句] 这所旧房子有非常结实的地基。
This old house has a very solid foundation.
[知识拓展]
(1)lay the foundation for 给……打下基础；为……奠定基础
without foundation 无根据的
(2)found vt. 创办；成立；建立
6 political adj.政 治的
[教材原句 P ] Political divisions
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行政区划
[例 1] The students in this university are very political.
这所大学里的学生对政 治很感兴趣。
[例 2] This whole issue has become highly political.
这整个的问题已经变得高度 政 治 化了。
[造句] 我现在要说的是政 治问题。
What I want to talk about now is political questions.
[知识拓展]
(1)for political reasons 由于政 治 原因
political science 政 治学
(2)politics n. 政 治；政 治 活动
7[教材原句 P ] Bakeries，fastfood joints，butcher shops，cafes，and
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restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences
in the world.
面包店、快餐店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆处处提供了世界上一些顶级
的美食体验。
(1)joint n．公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)；关节
adj. 联合的；共同的
[例 1] Are you sure this joint is completely tight?
你能肯定这个连接处很牢固吗？
[例 2] She and Frank had never got around to opening a joint
account.
她和弗兰克还没有抽出时间去开联名账户。
[造句] 这幅画是他们合作的。
This painting is their joint work.
[知识拓展]
(1)out of joint (关节)脱位；脱臼；杂乱无章；混乱；
迷惑
a joint declaration/statement 联合声明
a joint effort 共同的努力
(2)join vt.& vi. 连接；联结；加入
join sb.in (doing) sth.
加入某人做某事；和某人一起做某事
(2)premier adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的 n．首 相；总 理
[例 1] She attends Britain's premier university.
她就读于英国最好的大学。
[ 例 2] This particular name originated with an emperor and apremier.
这个特殊名字的来历与一位 皇 帝和一位丞 相有关。
[造句] 他是那个国家的第一个舞台表演家。
He is the premier stage performer of the country.
[知识拓展]
take the premier place 占第一位，占首席
Chinese premier 中 国 总 理
be of premier importance to 对……非常重要
8 straightforward adj.坦率的；简单的
[ 教 材 原 句 P ] They have a straightforward and freeandeasy
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attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at
home wherever I went.
他们对生活有一种直率、洒脱的态度，无论我走到哪里，他们的友
好和热情都让我感到宾至如归。
[例 1] She gave me a straightforward answer.
她坦率地回答了我。
[例 2] Getting funding for the project was far from straightforward.
为这一项目寻找资金绝非易事。
[造句] 我想你会发现这些都相当简单。
I think you'll find it all quite straightforward.
[知识拓展]
a straightforward person 坦率的人
a straightforward explanation 率直的解释
be straightforward with sb.about sth. 关于……对某人坦率Sentence Pattern
1 until 引导时间状语从句
[教材原句 P ] They sleep and drink milk in that temporary，
20
protected environment until they are about seven or eight months
old．
大约七八个月大之前，它们一直待在那个暂时受保护的环境里睡觉
和吃奶。
[句式分析]
句中until引导时间状语从句，表示“直到……时”。
[例 1] I'll work until he tells me to stop.
我会一直工作到他叫我停下来为止。
[例 2] Until the last minute of the match，the players kept on
playing.
直到比赛的最后一分钟，运动员们仍在奋战。
[造句] 他们将一直等到她回来。
They will wait there till she returns.
[知识拓展]
(1)till 和 until 可以通用，表示主句谓语动词所表达的动作持续到从
句谓语动词所表达的动作发生时为止，在肯定句中，主句要用延续性
动词。
(2) 在否定句中，until 或 till 可以和非延续性动词连用。until 引导
的从句可以放在句首，till 引导的从句一般放在句末。
(3) not until 放在句首时，主句的主谓要倒置，表示加强语气。
2 过去分词短语作状语[教材原句 P ] Located to the south of the equator，below many
14
other countries on the globe，it's often informally referred to as “down
under”．
(澳大利亚)位于赤道以南，并在地球上很多国家的下方，它常被非
正式地称为“down under”。
[句式分析]
句中 Located to the south of the equator 在句中作原因状语。
[例 1] Lost in thought，she nearly ran into a tree.
陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。
[例 2] Left at home，John didn't feel afraid at all.
被留在家里，约翰一点也不觉得害怕。
[造句] 这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。
Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time
now.
[知识拓展]
过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式
等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完
成。
3 can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地想做某事
[教材原句 P ] I can't wait to see all of them!
14
我迫不及待地要看到所有这些东西！
[句式分析]
句中 can't wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待地想做某事”。
[例 1] I can't wait to get out of these wet clothes.我迫不及待地要脱下这些湿衣服。
[例 2] We can hardly wait to see them!
我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！
[造句] 我急切地想见到我的老同学们。
I can't wait to meet my old classmates.
[知识拓展]
can hardly wait to do sth./can hardly wait for sth./cannot wait to do
sth./cannot wait for sth.迫不及待地想做某事
4 wherever 引导让步状语从句
[ 教 材 原 句 P ]They have a straightforward and freeandeasy
15
attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel
at home wherever I went．
他们对生活有一种直率、洒脱的态度，无论我走到哪里，他们的友
好和热情都让我感到宾至如归。
[句式分析]
句中wherever I went为wherever引导的让步状语从句。
[例 1] Wherever the film star goes，there are crowds of people
waiting to see her.
这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
[例 2] Wherever it is possible，the illustrations are taken from
literature.
只要有可能，例证都取自文学作品。
[造句] 无论他在哪儿，我都要找到他。
I will find him wherever he may be.
[知识拓展](1)whenever，wherever，however 引导让步状语从句，相当于 no
matter when/where/how。
(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever 既可引导名词性从句，
也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于 no matter
what/who/which/whom。
Unit 3 Sea Exploration
Words and Phrases
1 mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；恩惠
[教材原句 P ] Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are
32
still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.
正在尽管这种行为在 1982 年就被禁止了，但一些国家仍然在毫不
留情地“谋 杀”这些聪明的生物。
[例 1] We never show mercy to bad people.
我们对坏人是决不留情的。
[ 例 2] It's a mercy that the accident happened so close to the
hospital.
幸亏车祸发生在离医院很近的地方。
[造句] 他受到无情地对待。
He was treated without mercy.
[知识拓展]
(1)show mercy to sb. 怜悯某人
have mercy on 对……表示怜悯at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布；在……的支配中
without mercy 残忍地，毫无同情心地
(2)merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽大的
2 possession n．个人财产；拥有；控制
[ 教 材 原 句 P ] The sea is home to life ， not human beings'
32
possessions.
海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的财产。
[例 1] He carried all his worldly possessions in an old suitcase.
他将所有的个人财物放在了一只旧手提箱里。
[例 2] Anyone in full possession of the facts would see that we are
right.
任何完全了解事实的人都会明白我们是正确的。
[造句] 你是什么时候拥有新房子的？
When did you take possession of your new house?
[知识拓展]
(1)get/take possession of 拥有(占有)
sb.be in possession of sth. 某人拥有/占有某物
sth.be in the possession of sb. 某物为某人所拥有
(2)possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配
be possessed of 具有(某种品质或特征)
be possessed with/by 被……控制
[名师点津]
有无冠词时意义不同的短语：
in possession of 表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常
为表示人的词语；in the possession of 表示被动，意为“被……占有”，
主语通常为表示物的词语。类似的还有：①in charge of 负责……，in the charge of 由……负责
②in control of 控制……，in the control of 被……控制
[小片段助记]
Mr.Grossman's characters are not so much in possession of their
experiences as possessed by them.
3 log vt.把……载入正式记录；记录 n．正式记录；日志；原木
[教材原句 P ] Logging new species will improve our understanding
32
of life on the earth.
记录新物种将提升我们对地球生命的了解。
[例 1] The road was blocked by fallen logs.
倒下的原木堵住了路面。
[例 2] He logged the ship's speed at 10 knots.
他在航海日志中记下船速每小时十海里。
[造句] 试一试先退出再登录。
Try logging off and logging on again.
[知识拓展]
log in/on 进入(系统)，注册，登录
log into/onto... 进入……，登录……
log off/out 退出(系统)，注销
keep a log 记日志
4 set sail 起航；开航
[教材原句 P ] However，merchants and explorers from the East set
26
sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
然而，来自东方的商人和探险家从东向西航行，比哥伦布要早许多
年。[例 1] We set sail at high tide.
我们在涨潮时启航。
[例 2] The ship set sail for Europe.
这艘船启航去欧洲。
[造句] 两个钟头之后，这艘船就启航来中国了。
Two hours later the ship set sail for China.
[知识拓展]
set sail for 开船往，动身往
at full sail(s) 开足马力，张起所有的帆，高速前进
go for a sail 乘船游览
5 extend vt. 扩展；使伸长；延长
[教材原句 P ] A trading route across the sea was also extended along
26
the coasts of the Indian Ocean，centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)．
它是一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋海岸延伸，以锡兰(现
在的斯里兰卡)为中心。
[例 1] The car park has been extended.
那个停车场已被扩建了。
[ 例 2] They asked the government to extend its period of
deliberation.
他们要求政 府延长审议的时间。
[造句] 果树枝伸出墙外。
The branches of the fruit trees extended out over the fences.
[知识拓展]
(1)extend from ...to ... 从……延伸到……
extend out 伸出extend through... 贯穿……；达到整个……的长度
(2)extension n. 延伸，扩展
6 negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商
[教材原句 P ] Here，merchants from China and many other places
26
met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each
other's cultures.
在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起协商贸易问题，
这也使他们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。
[ 例 1] Rents are individually negotiated between landlord and
tenant.
租金由房东和房客单独协商。
[例 2] They have refused to negotiate on this issue.
他们拒绝就这一问题进行谈判。
[造句] 我设法同当局进行了成功的协商。
I managed to negotiate successfully with the authorities.
[知识拓展]
negotiate a price 商谈价格
negotiate with 同……协商；谈判；交涉
negotiate for 为……谈判
negotiate into 通过谈判使进入
7 withdraw vi.& vt.(使)撤回；撤离
[教材原句 P ] Although China withdrew from further expeditions
26
after 1433，these land and sea routes remained active channels between
other cultures for centuries.
虽然中国在 1433 年以后退出了进一步的探险活动，但这些陆上和
海上的路线几个世纪以来一直是其他文化之间交流的活跃通道。[例 1] The general decided to withdraw his soldiers.
那位将军决定撤军。
[例 2] He didn't withdraw his remarks and apologize.
他既没收回发言，也没道歉。
[造句] 由于受伤，他不得不退出比赛。
He was forced to withdraw from the competition due to injury.
[知识拓展]
(1)withdraw from 从……撤出，撤回
withdraw money from the bank 从银行取款
withdraw one's eyes from 把视线从……移开(不再看……)
withdraw a remark 收回发言
(2)withdrawal n. 收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款
8 bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合
[教材原句 P ] The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation
27
and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds
between China and the rest of the world.
这一倡议的目的是鼓励在历史悠久的丝绸之路地区开展合作和贸
易，并加强中国与世界的联系。
[例 1] A strong spiritual bond exists between them.
他们俩在精神上紧密地结合在一起。
[例 2] This glue makes a good firm bond.
这种胶水粘得很结实。
[造句] 他用了六七个字就解释清楚了他们之间的关系。
In half a dozen words，he had explained the bond that linked them.
[知识拓展]bond between ……之间的联系
bond...to 把……粘在……上；使……结合
9 in hand 在手头；可供使用
[教材原句 P ] Hundreds of years on，and with the latest technology in
27
hand，the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive
China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
数百年过去了，在掌握了最新技术的情况下，贸易需求和加强关系
的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋，走向遥远的未来。
[例 1] I haven't any money in hand.
我手头一分钱都没有。
[例 2] Your remarks do not bear on the matter in hand.
你的话和目前这件事没有关系。
[造句] 咱们来干手头这件事吧。
Let us address ourselves to the matter in hand.
[知识拓展]
at hand 在手边，在附近
by hand 由人工，用人力
hand in hand 手牵手，携着手
go hand in hand with 与……共同行动；与……相配合；
与……一致；与……结合在一起
out of hand 无法控制，不可收拾
Sentence Pattern
1 so that 引导目的状语从句[教材原句 P ] We need to understand what is happening to our
32
planet so that we can take action.
我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。
[句式分析]
句中 so that“为了，以便，目的是”，引导目的状语从句，相当于 in
order that(为了)。
[例 1] I set up the computer so that they could work from home.
我把电脑设置好，这样他们就可以在家办公了。
[例 2] He encouraged his son to make friends with those around him
so that he could adapt himself to the new surroundings easily.
他鼓励儿子跟周围的人交朋友，这样，他就能很容易适应新环境了。
[造句] 我会告诉你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。
I will tell you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself.
[知识拓展]
(1)so that 从句中常常使用情态动词 can/could，may/might，
will/would 等。so that 引导的目的状语从句不能放于句首，而 in order
that 引导的目的状语从句既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。
(2)当 so that 或 in order that 引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句
的主语一致时，从句可变为 so as to 或 in order to 的动词不定式短语。
2 what 引导名词性从句
[教材原句 P ] In ancient times，silk from China found its way
26
overland to India，the Middle East，and Rome，along what became
known as the Silk Road．
在古代，中国丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就
是有名的“丝绸之路”。[句式分析]
句中 what became known as the Silk Road 为 what 引导的名词性从
句，作介词 along 的宾语。
[例 1] They've done what they can to help her.
他们已经尽力帮助了她。
[例 2] He is no longer what he was.
他已经不是以前的那个样子了。
[造句] 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
[知识拓展]
what 在名词性从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。该从句在结构上
相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。
3 as 引导非限制性定语从句
[教材原句 P ]Over the centuries，further trading allowed more
26
exploration of the regions to the west of China，as recorded in Du
Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century．
几个世纪以来，随着贸易的进一步发展，中国西部地区得到了更大
的开发，这一点在 8 世纪杜环的《经 行 记》中有所记载。
[句式分析]
句中 as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth
century 是关系代词 as 引导的非限制性定语从句，as 指代整个主句的内
容。
[例 1] As is known to the United States，Mark Twain is a great
American writer.
美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。[例 2] He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case.
他忘了带笔，这是常有的事。
[造句] 正如我曾告诉过你的，这也是你工作的一部分。
As I told you before，this is also part of your work.
[知识拓展]
(1)as 引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句
的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。
(2)as 在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用 it 作形式主语，
后接 that 引导的主语从句或用 what 引导的主语从句来转换。
Unit 4 Sharing
Words and Phrases
1 tune n. 曲调；曲子 vt.调音；调节；调频道
[教材原句 P ] But then I began to hear about the work she was doing
44
in Tanzania，a country that has many health problems，and now I am
singing a different tune.但是之后我开始听到她在坦桑尼亚的工作，那里
有很多健康问题，(所以)现在我有了不同的看法。
[例 1] How long has it been since you've had a mechanic tune this
engine?
你已经有多长时间没请汽车修理工调整这台引擎了？
[例 2] His ideas are in tune with the times.他的思想适合时代的潮流。
[造句] 钢琴和小提琴好像不合调。
The violin and the piano seem to be out of tune.
[知识拓展]
(1)in tune 合调子
in good tune 音调准确；协调；融合
out of tune 走调
sing a different tune 对某事有了新的看法
(2)tune up 给(乐器)调音，定调
2 contract vt. 感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n. 合同；契
约
[教材原句 P ] Many dangerous diseases which are rare in China are
44
quite commonly contracted in Tanzania.
很多在中国罕见的危险疾病在坦桑尼亚是很容易感染上的。
[例 1] Bad habits are easy to contract.
坏习惯很容易养成。
[例 2] Once you have reached formal agreement，you should enter
into a contract with the other party.
你一旦达成正式协议，就应该和对方签订合同。
[造句] 他们已立约承建一条穿越非洲的铁路。
They have contracted to build a railway across Africa.
[知识拓展]
(1)sign a contract 签订合同
keep a contract 遵守或履行合同
make a contract with 与……签定合同
(2)contract in 承诺参加contract out 包出(某事项或某工程)；拒绝参加
3 relay vt.转发；转播 n．接力赛；接班的人
[教材原句 P ] Today，I want to relay to you that I'm proud of the
44
work my mother has done，and I am now supportive of it.
今天，我想告诉你们的是，我为我妈妈所做的工作感到骄傲，我现
在也非常支持她的工作。
[例 1] The program is being relayed by satellite.
节目正在通过卫星转播。
[例 2] This metal tower is used to relay television signals to distant
villages.
这个金属塔是用于向遥远的村子转播电视讯号的。
[造句] 她向我们转达了那则消息。
She relayed the information to us.
[知识拓展]
relay to 转达给……
work in/by relays 轮班工作
a relay race 接力赛
4 pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷
[教材原句 P ] In the future，I pray that you will do the same.
45
在未来，但愿你也会这样做。
[例 1] We hope and pray that no one gets hurt.
我们希望并祈祷没有人受伤。
[例 2] He prayed to be forgiven.
他祈求宽恕。
[造句] 我们恳求你放了这个孩子。
We pray you to set the child free.[知识拓展]
pray sb.to do sth. 请求某人做某事
pray for 为……祈祷
pray sb.for sth. 向某人恳求某事物
pray that 但愿
5 mail n．邮件；信件；邮政 vt.邮寄；发电邮给
[教材原句 P ] I've been dying to have some of my favourite sweets，
38
and it's always nice to get mail!
我总是非常想吃一些我最喜欢的糖果，所以收到邮件总是很愉快
的！
[例 1] I've just come out to mail some letters.
我刚出来要寄几封信。
[例 2] I mailed him a letter yesterday.
昨天我给他邮去一封信。
[造句] 在意大利寄一封信要多少钱？
How much does it cost to mail a letter in Italy?
[知识拓展]
(1)mail sb.sth.＝mail sth.to sb. 给某人邮寄某物
mail out 邮寄出去
(2)by mail 以邮寄方式
6 chorus n. 合唱曲；合唱团 vt.合唱；齐声说
[教材原句 P ] When I reach the school grounds，I'm greeted by a
38
chorus of “good morning” from the boys.
当我到达学校时，迎接我的是男孩子们异口同声“早上好”的声音。
[例 1] Never before have I heard this song sung in chorus.我从来没有听过这首歌的合唱。
[例 2] The papers all chorused the praises of the President.
各报都异口同声地对总统表示赞扬。
[造句] 观众齐声对他报以一阵热烈的掌声。
He was met with a chorus of applause from the audience.
[知识拓展]
a chorus of 齐声；异口同声
in chorus 异口同声
7 not to mention 更不用说；且不说
[教材原句 P ] There's no electricity，running water or even textbooks，
38
not to mention laptops，tablets，or other modern devices!
那儿没有电，没有自来水，甚至没有课本，更别提笔记本电脑、平
板电脑或者别的现代化设备了！
[例 1] Old folk and children alike are all against the proposal，not to
mention the youth.
老人、小孩都不赞成这个建议，更不用说年轻人了。
[例 2] Ade is handsome and smart，not to mention being a good
athlete.
艾德不但是个好运动员，而且既潇洒又精明。
[造句] 他们有三只狗要照顾，更别提那只猫和鸟了。
They have three dogs to look after，not to mention the cat and the
bird.
[知识拓展]
as mentioned above 如上所述
be (not) worth mentioning (不)值得一提
Don't mention it. 不要客气，不用谢。8 shade vt. 给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗 n. 阴凉
处；灯罩；阴影部分
[教材原句 P ] Another teacher and I walked for two and a half hours
38
to get there—first，up a mountain from where we had fantastic views，and
then down a shaded path to the valley below.
我和另一位老师走了两个半小时才到达那里——首先，我们爬上了
一座山，从那里我们可以看到美妙的景色，然后沿着一条阴凉的小路
走到下面的山谷。
[例 1] He bought a green shade.
他买了一个绿色灯罩。
[例 2] Store the bottle of medicine in the shade.
把这瓶药放在阴凉处。
[造句] 我遮住眼睛以避阳光。
I shaded my eyes from the sun.
[知识拓展]
(1)in the shade 在阴凉处，阴暗处；默默无闻
put... in the shade 使黯然失色；使相形见绌
a shade of 少许，微微
(2)shade from 遮挡住
9 wrinkle vt.& vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起 n．皱纹
[教材原句 P ] Tombe's father，Mukap，a man with a strong jaw and a
38
wrinkled forehead，led us to his house.汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，是一个下
巴结实，前额满是皱纹的男人，带我们去了他的家。
[例 1] Don't wrinkle the carpet.
别弄皱地毯。
[例 2] Her skin was still without a wrinkle.她的皮肤仍然没有皱纹。
[造句] 她的眼睛周围开始出现细细的皱纹。
Fine wrinkles started to appear around her eyes.
[知识拓展]
(1)wrinkle (up) one's forehead 皱起额头
wrinkle with age 老得皮肤皱起
(2)wrinkles in one's face 脸上的皱纹
without wrinkles/a wrinkle 没有皱纹
(3) wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的
10 ripe adj.成熟的；时机成熟的
[教材原句 P ] He then placed the hot stones in an empty oil drum
39
with kau kau (sweet potato)，ripe corn，and greens.
然后，他把滚烫的石头放在一个空油桶里，里面放着考考(红薯)、
成熟的玉米和青菜。
[例 1] Some of the apples were not quite ripe.
一些苹果不太熟。
[例 2] The time was ripe to talk about peace.
和谈的时机已经成熟。
[造句] 解决这个问题的时机已经成熟。
The problem is ripe for settlement.
[知识拓展]
(1)be ripe for ……的时机成熟；准备就绪；
即可……；适于……
(2)ripen vt.& vi. 成熟，使成熟
11 drag vt. 拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动[教材原句 P ] My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we
39
dragged ourselves down the mountain towards home.
在我们下山回家的路上，我的肌肉酸痛，膝盖发抖。
[例 1] They dragged the fallen tree clear of the road.
他们把倒下的树从路上拖走。
[例 2] He dragged behind the others.
他在别人后面慢吞吞地走着。
[造句] 我每天都不得不迫使自己从床上爬起来。
I have to drag myself out of bed each day.
[知识拓展]
drag in 把……拉进来；硬把(某人)拉进(某事)
drag on 拖延；使拖延；拖长(声调、字眼等)
drag oneself along (慢吞吞地)拖着脚走
drag up 拉上，拔出；故意提起(不愉快的往事)
Sentence Pattern
1 现在完成进行时
[教材原句 P ] You see，my mother is a medical doctor，and for the
44
last two years，she has been working as a volunteer consultant in
Tanzania，Africa.
你知道，我母亲是一名医生，在过去的两年里，她一直在非洲坦桑
尼亚做志愿顾问。
[句式分析]
句中 has been working 是现在完成进行时。它表示一个动作开始于
过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。
[例 1] The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国有 2 000 年的造纸历史。
[例 2] I have been learning English since three years ago.
三年以来我一直在学英语。
[造句] 她已经睡了 6 个小时，到现在还没有醒来。
She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.
[知识拓展]
现在完成进行时的结构为：have/has been doing，表示动作从某一
时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下
去。
2 before 引导时间状语从句
[教材原句 P ] The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry
38
experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the
test tube spilling everywhere!
几天前，我正给孩子们做化学实验的演示，我还没有明白怎么回事，
混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅得到处都是！
[句式分析]
句中 before 引导时间状语从句，意为“没来得及”。另外 before 除
了其基本意思“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“(……之后)才；以免；
免得”之意。
[例 1] It will be some time before we know the full results.
还要过一些时间我们才能知道全部结果。
[例 2] The magazine was snatched from my hand before I could
read it.
我还没来得及看那期杂志，它就被从我手里抢走了。
[造句] 我每天睡觉前锻炼。Every day I exercise before I go to sleep.
[知识拓展]
(1)“It was＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常
用一般过去时。
(2)“It was not long before...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去
时。
(3)“It will not be long before...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一
般现在时。
(4)“It will be＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”。从句
常用一般现在时。
3 doubt whether... 怀疑；不相信
[教材原句 P ] To be honest，I doubt whether I'm making any
38
difference to these boys' lives at all.
说实在的，我真的不知道我教的课是否会对这些孩子的生活有所影
响。
[句式分析]
句中 doubt 用作动词，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中 doubt 后
面的从句由 whether/if 引导。
[例 1] Everything is clear now，no one would doubt what will be
done.
一切都很清楚，没有人对所要做的事怀疑。
[例 2] We don't doubt that he can do a good job of it.
我们并不怀疑他能把这事做得很好。
[造句] 我怀疑杰克会不会驾驶帆船。
I doubt whether Jack could manage a sailing boat.
[知识拓展](1)There is (some) doubt 之后常接 whether 引导的从句，表“怀疑是
否会……”；there is no doubt 后常接 that 引导的从句，表示“对……毫
不怀疑”。
(2)doubt 用作动词时，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中 doubt 后
面的从句由 whether/if 引导；在疑问句或否定句中 doubt 后面的从句由
that 引导。
Unit 5 Launching Your Career
Words and Phrases
1 attend to 关怀；照料；处理
[教材原句 P ] We are building a team of keen young people to help
55
us attend to hundreds of students from all over the world.
我们正在组建一个由热心的年轻人组成的团队，帮助我们照顾来自
世界各地的数百名学生。
[例 1] He offered to go and attend to the matter.
他主动提出来处理这件事。
[例 2] You must attend to your studies.
你必须注意你的学习。
[造句] 他日夜仔细照料伤员。
He carefully attended to the wounded soldiers day and night.
[知识拓展]attend on/upon sb. 伺候或照顾某人
attend school/church 去上学/做礼拜
attend a meeting/a lecture 参加会议/听演讲
2 fry n. 油煎的食物 vt.& vi. 油炸；油炒；油煎；晒伤
[教材原句 P ]Camel rides，barbecue & fry，calligraphy，purse sewing，
56
knitting with wool，etc.
骑骆驼、烧烤和油煎食品、书法、绣荷包、织毛衣等。
[例 1] Would you like a fry in the morning?
你早晨喜欢吃油炸食品吗？
[例 2] We'll fry if we stay too long in this hot sun.
我们如果在这样酷热的阳光下待久了，皮肤会晒伤的。
[造句] 油煎 4 分钟左右，直到洋葱变软。
Fry for about 4 minutes until the onion has softened.
[知识拓展]
fry up 油煎；油炸；油炒
fried chicken 炸鸡
have other fish to fry 有别的事；另有企图
French fry 油炸马铃薯，薯条
3 priority n．优先事项；首要的事；优先
[教材原句 P ] I have been captain of my school table tennis team for
56
two years，so I know how to lead and decide on priorities.
我曾担任学校乒乓球队队长两年，所以我知道如何领导和决定事情
的轻重缓急。
[例 1] Getting food，medicine and blankets to flood victims is the
most urgent priority.为洪水灾民提供食物、药物和毯子是当务之急。
[例 2] Material possessions have always been a low priority for
Mike.
对迈克来说，物质的追求一直都是次要的。
[造句] 把各项任务按重要程度依次列出来。
List the tasks in order of priority.
[知识拓展]
a top priority 最优先考虑的事
according to priority 依次
give (first) priority to 给……以(最)优先权
take priority of 比……居先；得……优先权
4 acquire vt. 获得；购得
[教材原句 P ] Remember，the knowledge you acquire and the
58
diligent attitude you develop in high school will be invaluable in the real
world.
记住，你在高中学到的知识和养成的勤奋态度在现实世界中是无价
的。
[例 1] Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all
the information you need to know.
只有提很多不同的问题，你才能收集到你所需要的信息。
[例 2] The company has recently acquired new offices in central
London.
公司最近在伦敦市中心弄到了新的办公室。
[造句] 我们应当取得更多的第一手资料。
We should acquire more firsthand information.
[知识拓展]acquire a good knowledge of 精通……知识
acquire the habit of 养成……的习惯
5 bounce vi.& vt.(使)弹起；上下晃动 n. 弹性；弹跳；活力
[教材原句 P ] Some people know what they want to do from a young
50
age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads.
有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想
法在脑子里晃来晃去。
[例 1] Short sound waves bounce off even small objects.
短声波在很小的物体上也能反射回来。
[例 2] The ball bounced up and down.
球上下弹跳。
[造句] 球弹得很高，她没有接住。
The ball bounced high and she missed it.
[知识拓展]
(1)on the bounce 在弹起时；接二连三地
(2)bounce around/about 蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去
bounce into 蹦蹦跳跳地进入；猛然冲进
6 head start 起步前的优势
[教材原句 P ] Getting a head start in considering your future career
50
may help you for the rest of your life.
提前考虑你未来的职业可能对你今后的人生很有用。
[例 1] Being able to speak French gave her a head start over the
other candidates.
会说法语使她比其他候选人占优势。
[例 2] Joe has a head start.He began to study early than we did.乔比我们占优势，他准备功课比我们早。
[造句] 良好的教育会让你的孩子在人生的起跑线上比别人领先
一步。
A good education gives your child a head start in life.
[知识拓展]
at the start 刚开始；在起跑线
at the start of 在……开始的时候
a fresh start 新的起点，新的开始
take a fresh start 重新开始
from start to finish 自始至终，彻头彻尾
7 debt n. 债务；欠款
[教材原句 P ] Help and advise people in serious debt
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帮助和建议严重负债的人
[ 例 1] He did not look forward to being in debt because his
restaurant was no longer popular.
他不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。
[例 2] This young couple are always in debt because they never
consider their incomes before buying something.
这对年轻的夫妇总是负债，因为他们在买东西时从不考虑自己的收
入。
[造句] 失业后她开始欠债。
After she lost her job，she began to run into debt.
[知识拓展]
in debt 负债
out of debt 不欠债
pay off debts 还清债务get/run into debt 负债
owe sb.a debt 欠某人一个人情
get out of debt 还债
8 profile n. 简介；概述；侧面轮廓 vt. 扼要介绍；概述；写简介
[教材原句 P ] Categorise employee profiles
50
归类员工档案
[例 1] He presented his best profile to the camera.
他在照相机前呈现自己最好看的侧面轮廓。
[例 2] The story was given a low profile in today's papers.
今天的报纸很低调地报道这个故事。
[造句] 他侧面朝我坐着。
He sat in profile to me.
[知识拓展]
in profile 从侧面看；以侧面
draw in profile 画侧面像或轮廓
a profile of ……的简介或概述
high profile 鲜明的姿态
low profile 低姿态；不出头露面；不惹人注意
keep a low profile 保持低调
9 spy n. 密探；间 谍 vi.从事间 谍活动
vt. 突然看见；发现
(牛津词典)He spied for his government for more than ten years.
他做过十多年的政 府间 谍。
[例 1] We spied three figures in the distance.
我们看见远处有三个人影儿。[例 2] He denied acting as an enemy spy.
他否认自己是敌方间 谍。
[造句] 我肯定邻居在暗中监视我。
I'm sure my neighbours spy on me.
[知识拓展]
spy on/upon sb. 暗中监视某人；侦察某人
spy into sth. 侦察某事
spy sth.out 暗中查明某事，秘密了解清楚某事
Sentence Pattern
1 as soon as possible 尽快
[教材原句 P ] I look forward to hearing from you as soon as
56
possible．
我期待着尽快收到你的来信。
[句式分析]
句中as soon as possible表示“尽快”。
[例 1] It is wise to seek help and counsel as soon as possible.
尽快寻求帮助和建议乃明智之举。
[例 2] We agreed to contact again as soon as possible.
我们同意尽快再次联系。
[造句] 请尽快做决定。
Please make your decision as soon as possible.
[知识拓展]
(1)as soon as 引导时间状语从句，当主句用一般过去时时，从句中
用一般过去时或过去完成时。
(2)as soon as 可以表将来的事，这时主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。(主将从现)
2 状语从句的省略
[教材原句 P ] As an adult，one of the first questions you are asked
50
when meeting someone new is，“What do you do？”
作为一个成年人，当你遇到一个不认识的人时，你会被问到的第一
批问题之一是：“你是做什么的？”
[句式分析]
句中 when meeting someone new 是一个省略句，补全后为：When
you meet someone new。
[例 1] Work hard when (you are) young，or you'll regret.
少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
[例 2] While (she was) walking along the river bank，she was
singing a pop song.
她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
[造句] 做作业的时候不要听音乐。
Don't listen to music when (you are) doing your homework.
[知识拓展]
当 when，while，before，after，unless，as if，if 等引导的状语从句
中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是 it，且从句谓语中含有 be 动词
时，可以省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。
3 现在分词短语作后置定语
[教材原句 P ] This，however，is not always easy.Some people know
50
what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a
few ideas bouncing around in their heads．
然而，这并不总是那么容易。有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。
[句式分析]
句中 bouncing around in their heads 为现在分词短语作名词 ideas 的
后置定语。
[例 1] They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock
musicians.
他们在报上登了一则广告，寻求摇滚乐乐师。
[例 2] The building being built is our teaching building.
正在盖的楼房是我们的教学楼。
[造句] 站在窗边的那个人是我们的老师。
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
[知识拓展]
(1)现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主
谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
(2)单个现在分词作定语，放在所修饰词的前面，而现在分词短语
作定语则放在所修饰词的后面。
