文档内容
人教版选择性必修第三册全册重点单词短语句型
汇总
Unit 1 Art...........................................................................................................................1
Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle...................................................................................................10
Unit 3 Environmental Protection....................................................................................19
Unit 4 Adversity And Courage.........................................................................................27
Unit 5 Poems...................................................................................................................35
Unit 1 Art
Words and Phrases
1[教材原句P ]In particular，his paintings are set apart from other paintings
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by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
尤其是他的绘画作品，更是以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他
绘画作品中脱颖而出。
(1)in particular尤其；特别
[例1] Why should he notice her car in particular?
他为什么会特别注意到她的车？
[例2] He loves science fiction in particular.
他特别喜欢科幻小说。
[造句] 他的发言是泛指一般情况，不是针对某一个人的。
His statement refers to people in general ， not to anyone in particular .
[知识拓展]
in particular＝particularly 特别；尤其
be particular about 对……挑剔；对……讲究
be particular to... 为……所特有
(2)set apart from使与众不同；使突出；使优于……
[例1] Her clear and elegant writing sets her apart from other journalists.
她的文章清丽典雅，比其他记者高出一筹。
[例2] His strong views about life set him apart from most other Americans.
他有关生活的强烈观点，使他有别于大多数其他美国人。
[造句] 这样做让你在众多的候选人中脱颖而出。Doing so can set you apart from other candidates.
[知识拓展]
set apart for 把(某物)留给……
set about 着手，开始做
set off 出发，启程，引起，使(炸弹等)爆炸
set out 出发，开始做
set aside 节省，保留
set up 建立，树立
set down 写下，放下
set free 释放
2 concentrate...on...把……集中于……
[教材原句P ]As a result，painters concentrated less on religious themes.
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因此，画家对宗 教题材的关注较少。
[例 1] It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of
himself.
是否能专心学习并取得一定成就要靠他自己。
[例2] This helps you to be aware of time and concentrates your mind on the
immediate task.
这有助于你掌握时间，全神贯注于眼前的任务。
[造句] 假如你不更加专心地工作，你将被解雇。
If you don't concentrate more on your work you'll be dismissed .
[知识拓展]
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事
concentrate one's attention/effort/thoughts on/upon...
集中注意力/努力/思想于……
(2)concentration n. 专心；专注
3 influential adj. 有很大影响力的；有支配力的
[教材原句 P ] Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519)，
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Michelangelo (1475－1564)，and Raphael (1483－1520) built upon Giotto and
Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
一些颇具影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇(1452－1519)、米开朗基罗
(1475－1564)和拉斐尔(1483－1520) ，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。
[例1] The MidAutumn Festival is an influential festival observed by us.
中秋节是我们过的一个有很大影响力的节日。
[例 2] We can brainstorm a list of the most influential individuals in the
company.
我们可以集体讨论，列出该公司中最有影响的人员的名单。
[造句] 他是现代爵士乐最有影响力的表演者之一。
He is one of the most influential performers of modern jazz .
[知识拓展]
influence n． 影响，作用，感化力；势力
v. 影响
have influence on 对……有影响
have influence over 有左右……的力量
under the influence of 在……影响下
4 emerge vi.&vt. 出现；浮现；暴露
[教材原句P ] From this，Impressionism emerged in France.
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自此以后，印象派在法国出现了。
[例1] Richard was waiting outside the door as she emerged.
她出现的时候，理查德正在门外等着。
[例2] Mr.Shevardnadze emerged as a major figure in the reform movement.
谢瓦尔德纳泽先生逐渐成为改革运动的重要人物。
[造句] 这就造成了新疾病出现的机会。
This cre ates opportunities for new diseases to emerge.
[知识拓展]
(1)emerge from 出现；暴露(问题、意见等)
It emerges that... 暴露/出现……
(2)emergence n. 出现；兴起
5 convey vt.表达；传递(思想、感情等)；传送
[教材原句 P ] In this work，Monet's aim was to convey the light and
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movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a
detailed record of the scene itself.
在他的作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光和运动——场景给他的主观印象，但不是对场景本身的详细记录。
[例1] A wire is used to convey an electric current.
电线是用来导电的。
[例2] Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators.
管道把热水从锅炉输送到暖气片。
[造句] 当你见到他时，不要忘记帮我向他问好。
Don't forget to convey my regards when you see him .
[知识拓展]
convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达/传递某物
convey sb./sth. from A to B 把某人/某物从A地运送到B地
convey one's feelings/meanings
表达感情/意思
6 focus on 关注；聚焦于
[教材原句P ] While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life，
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others，such as Renoir (1841－1919)，focused on people.
当许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活的场景时，其他人，如雷诺阿，则关
注于人。
[例1] The talks will focus on economic development of the region.
会谈将着重讨论该地区的经济发展。
[例2] What I'm going to do in this lecture is focus on something very specific.
我在今天的讲座中将主要探讨一些非常具体的问题。
[造句] 这里我想着重讲一个问题。
Here I would like to focus on one question in particular .
[知识拓展]
focus v． 集中；聚焦
n. 中心点；焦点
focus...on/upon... 把……集中于……
bring...into focus 使……成为焦点
in focus 对准焦点；清晰
out of focus 没对准焦点；不清晰
7 fond adj. 喜爱
[教材原句P ] Why are you fond of it?
3你为什么喜欢它？
[例1] Over the years，I have grown quite fond of her.
经过这么多年，我越来越喜欢她了。
[例2] He is fond of playing football.
他喜欢踢足球。
[造句] 我们已经喜欢上了这座房子，不想搬家。
We had grown fond of the house and didn't want to leave .
[知识拓展]
be fond of 喜爱；喜欢
be into doing sth. 喜欢，对……有兴趣
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做……
be crazy about 着迷于……，迷恋上……
go in for 爱好，参加
8 representative adj. 典型的；有代表性的 n．代表
[教材原句P ] These pictures are representatives of ink wash animation films.
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这些图片是水墨动画电影的代表。
[例1] Employees from each department elect a representative.
每个部门的员工选举一名代表。
[例 2] Is a questionnaire answered by 500 people truly representative of the
population as a whole?
由500人参加的问卷调查能真正代表所有民众吗？
[造句] 他似乎想当然地认为他应该以代表的身份发言。
He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as a representative .
[知识拓展]
represent vt. 代表；表现；描绘
represent...as... 把……描绘成……
represent sb. to be/as 宣称某人为/是……
represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事
9 decline n. (数量、价格、质量等的)减少；下降；衰落 vi.&vt. 减少；下降；
衰落；谢绝
[教材原句P ] an explanation of the decline in ink wash animation
6水墨动画的衰落的解释
[例1] The company reported a small decline in its profits.
公司报告其利润略有减少。
[例2] Her health was declining rapidly.
她的健康状况迅速恶化。
[造句] 他们的发言人拒绝对这些指控加以评论。
Their spokesman declined to comment on the allegations .
[知识拓展]
(1)decline(from...)to... (从……)下降/减少到……
decline by 下降/减少了……
decline doing/to do sth. 婉言拒绝做某事
(2)fall/go into a decline 开始衰落，衰弱下去；走下坡路
a decline in ……的下降
in decline＝on the decline 在下降，在衰退
10 recognition n. 承认；认出；赞誉
[教材原句 P ] In time，he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists
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China has ever known.
随着时间的推移，他被公认为中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。
[例1] He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition.
他瞥了她一眼，但似乎没认出她来。
[例2] There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform.
人们普遍认识到迫切需要改革。
[造句] 她的工作得到极少的赞誉。
She gained minimal recognition for her work.
[知识拓展]
(1)beyond recognition 认不出来
(2)recognise vt. 辨认出；承认；认可
recognise sb./sth. as... 承认……是……
be recognised as... 被公认为……
recognise that... 承认……；意识到……
11 guarantee vt. 保证；确保；肯定……必然发生 n．保证；保修单；担保物
[教材原句 P ] We guarantee that “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through
8the Ages” will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works.
我们保证“从商朝到清朝：中国艺术历久弥新”将您带到有着惊人的作品收
藏的另一个时代。
[例1] He gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.
他向我保证这种事情绝不会再发生。
[例2] The television comes with a year's guarantee.
这台电视机有一年的保修期。
[造句] 我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不误点。
We cannot guarantee (that) our flights will never be delayed.
[知识拓展]
(1)guarantee sb. sth.(＝ensure sb. sth.)保证某人得到某物
guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee that... 确保……
guarantee sth. for some time 对……保修多久
(2)give sb. a guarantee that... 向某人保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内
12 worthy adj.值得……的；有价值的
[教材原句 P ] If you are not interested in works of art by classical masters，
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contemporary art by representative artists is also worthy of your attention.
如果你对古典大师的艺术作品不感兴趣，当代艺术的代表性也值得你关注。
[例1] A number of the report's findings are worthy of note.
这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。
[例2] They thought the feminist label was too worthy.
他们觉得女权主义者这个称谓太抬举她们了。
[造句] 我们为人民而死，就是死得其所。
When we die for the people , it is a worthy death .
[知识拓展]
be worthy of＋n. 值得……
be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done某事值得被做……
It is/was worthwhile doing/to do sth. 做某事
是值得的
be worth＋n. 值得……，值……be worth doing 某事值得被做
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1 while引导让步状语从句
[教材原句 P ]While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed
2
real people in a real environment.
虽然他的画仍然有宗 教主题，但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
句式分析：句中的while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”，相当于
although。
[例1] While I see what you say，I can't agree with you.
虽然我能理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你。
[例2] While the work was difficult，it was interesting.虽然工作有难度，但
很有趣。
[造句] 虽然他很爱他的学生，但是他对他们要求很严格。
While he loves his students ， he is str ict with them .
[知识拓展]
(1)while还可以作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；在……期
间”；
(2)while可以作并列连词，连接并列句，意为“然而”。
[翻译] ①Jim Coulters will mind the store while I'm away(我不在的时候)．
②I like playing football while you like playing basketball (然而你喜欢打篮
球)．
重点句式2 not...but...不是……，而是……
[教材原句P ]He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but
3
their inner warmth and humanity as well.
他不仅要表现他主题的外在形象，还要表现他们内心的温暖和人性。
句式分析：句中的not...but...表示“不是……，而是……”，连接两个并列的句
子成分，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词必须与靠近的主语的人称和数保持一
致。
[例 1] Reading is fun，not because the writer is telling you something，but
because it makes your mind work.
读书之所以有趣，不是因为作者告诉了你什么，而是因为书本促使你思考。[例2] I did it not because I liked it but because I had to do it.
我做这事不是因为我喜欢它，而是因为我必须做。
[造句] 不是他说的话而是他做的事令人难忘。
It is not the words he says but the things he does are unforgettable .
[知识拓展]
除了 not...but...用就近原则，常见的还有：either...or...；neither...not...；not
only...but also...等。
重点句式3 be thought to...句型
[教材原句 P ]Some of the items on display are thought to have come from
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the collection of Emperor Qianlong (1711－1799)，a great admirer of Shang
Dynasty bronze.
一些展品被认为是出自殷商青铜的崇拜者乾隆皇帝的收藏。
句式分析：sb./sth. be said/thought/believed...to do据说/据认为/据信……
上述结构可以转换为以下结构：
It is said that...据说……
It is thought that...据认为……
It is believed that...人们相信……
[例1] It is said that his child is lost.
据说他的孩子不见了。
[例2] He is often thought to help people in need.
人们常认为他能帮助有需要的人。
[造句] 人们相信他们能够提前完成这项任务。
It's beli eved that they can finish the task ahead of time.
Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
Words and Phrases
1 abuse n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂[教材原句P ] For example，some of them may become involved in tobacco
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or alcohol abuse，which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。
[例1] What went on here was an abuse of power.
这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。
[例2] He turned round and directed a torrent of abuse at me.
他转过身来冲我劈头盖脸地骂了一通。
[造句] 所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。
All the children had been physically and emotionally abused .
[知识拓展]
abuse one's power 滥用某人的权利
alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒
scream/shout abuse 高声谩骂/大声辱骂
child abuse 虐待儿童
social abuse 社会弊端
2 in response to 响应，反应；回答；答复
[教材原句P ] Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take
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in response to the cue.
其次，有一个“常规”，即你根据提示采取的常规行动。
[例1] The quick recovery was truly in response to medication.
这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。
[例2] His letter in response to her request had contained a firm refusal.
对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。
[造句] 这些变化是应我们顾客提出的要求而做出的。
The changes are in response to demand from our customers .
[知识拓展]
(1)response n． 回答，回应；反应
make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答
(2)respond vi. 回答，回应
respond to...with/by... 用……回应……
3 reward n．回报；奖励；报酬vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
[教材原句P ] Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling
14we get from the routine.
第三，有“奖励”，即我们从日常生活中得到的好处或感觉。
[例1] The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for
her!
这位年老的女士给为她找到猫的人提供50美元的奖赏！
[例2] She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.
她因自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。
[造句] 他们辛苦了一天，得好好酬劳一下。
We should reward them generously for a hard day's work .
[知识拓展]
as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因为某事而给某人报酬
in reward of 为酬谢……；作为对……的奖励
in reward＝in return 作为回报/报答
reward sb.for sth. 为某事而以……报答某人
4 rely on依赖；依靠；信赖
[教材原句 P ] The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，
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and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环，依赖不健康零食的坏习惯也就形成了。
[例1] We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here.
我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气到达这儿。
[例2] Don't rely on his ideas，be your own master.
你别总是仰承他的意见，要有自己的主见。
[造句] 我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。
I don't know if I can rely on him ， but I'm willing to take a gamble .
[知识拓展]
(1)rely on＋n./doing... 指望/依靠……
rely on sb./sth. doing/to do... 指望……做……
rely on it that... 指望……
(2)depend on/upon 依赖；依靠
(3)count on/upon 依赖；依靠
5 examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验[教材原句 P ] To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first
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examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向变化，我们首先必须审视、调整我们的习
惯环。
[例1] These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10.
这些观点将在第10章作更为详细的探讨。
[例2] The goods were examined for damage on arrival.
货物到达时检查是否有破损。
[造句] 期末时学生须参加所有学科的考试。
The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of term .
[知识拓展]
(1)examine sb. in/on... 测验某人……
examination n. 审查；调查；考查；考察；
(仔细的)检查，检验
(2)physical examination 体检
6 straight away 立即；马上
[教材原句P ]...and if we are not successful straight away，we often become
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pessimistic and give up.
……如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。
[例1] I told him straight away what I thought of the matter.
我毫不迟疑地把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。
[例2] Let's go to the meeting straight away!
我们马上开会吧！
[造句] 我建议你立即打电话给她。
I suggest you give her a call straight away .
[知识拓展]
(1)straight off/out 毫不犹豫；直率
straight up (询问或强调所说的话的真实性)
真的，确实
(2)表示“立刻，马上”的词组
at once；right now；right away
7 decide on 决定；选定[教材原句 P ]...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some
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changes.
……你必须考虑你的坏习惯并决定一些改变。
[例1] After leaving university，Therese decided on a career in publishing.
大学毕业后，特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。
[例2] We're still trying to decide on a venue.
我们仍然尽力选定一个会场。
[造句] 我已经是个成年人了，我应该决定自己的生活。
I am already an adult ， so I should decide on my own life .
[知识拓展]
(1)decide to do/that＋从句... 决定做……
(2)make a decision 做出决定
come to/arrive at/reach a decision 做出决定
8 make up one's mind下定决心；决定
[教材原句P ] We need to make up our minds and show some discipline，and
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make small changes over time.
我们需要下定决心，表现出一些纪律性，并随着时间的推移做出一些小的改
变。
[例1] Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。
[例2] It is early days yet to make up our minds.
我们要下决心现在还为时过早。
[造句] 我们决心在天黑前完成工作。
We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark .
[知识拓展]
change one's mind 改变主意
keep/bear/have... in mind 记住；牢记在心头
speak one's mind 直言不讳
read one's mind 看出某人的心思
9 compose vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写
[教材原句P ] Life is composed of many elements，such as family，friends，
16
study，work，entertainment and so on.生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、工作、娱乐等等。
[例1] Ten men compose the committee.
委员会由十人组成。
[例2] Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.
莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。
[造句] 她写了一封抗议信。
She co mposed a letter of protest .
[知识拓展]
(1)be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of由……组成
(2)composer n. 作曲家
(3)composition n. 作品；作曲；作文
10 disturb vt. 打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
[教材原句 P ]It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last
17
night.
昨晚用喧闹的音乐打扰邻居是不礼貌的。
[例1] I'm sorry to disturb you，but can I talk to you for a moment?
对不起，打扰你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？
[例2] Don't disturb the papers on my desk.
别把我写字台上的文件弄乱了。
[造句] 这封信使我感到震惊和不安。
The letter shocked and disturbed me .
[知识拓展]
(1)disturb sb./sth. 使某人感到不安/弄乱东西
disturb the peace 扰乱治安
(2)disturbing adj. 令人烦恼的；令人不安的；使人震惊的
disturbed adj. 被扰乱的；感到不安的
(3)be disturbed by/about/at 对……感到忧虑/不安
be disturbed to do sth. 对做某事感到不安
be disturbed that... 担心……
(4)disturbance n. 骚乱；打扰
11 stimulate vt. 激发；促进；刺激
[教材原句P ]This stimulated my motivation.
20这激发了我的动力。
[例1] The article can be used to stimulate discussion among students.
这篇文章可用来活跃学生的讨论。
[例2] Parents should give children books that stimulate them.
父母应给孩子能启发他们的书。
[造句] 展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work .
[知识拓展]
(1)stimulate sb./sth.(to sth.) 刺激/激励某人(某事)
stimulate sb. to do sth. 刺激/激励某人做某事
(2)stimulating adj. 刺激的；有刺激性的
(3)stimulation n. 刺激；激励，鼓舞
12 stress out 焦虑不安；疲惫不堪
[教材原句P ]After starting high school，I felt stressed out and always relaxed
20
by playing computer games.
高中毕业后，我觉得压力很大，总是玩电脑游戏来放松自己。
[例1] And don't stress out about shifting back the time you go to sleep.
就算你的睡眠时间回调了也不要担心。
[例2] Driving in cities really stresses me (out)．
在城市里开车让我真的很紧张。
[造句] 但你不必为期末考试而倍感压力。
But you don't have to stress out about final exams.
[知识拓展]
(1)stress n． 压力；紧张
vt. 强调；重读
the stress of sth. ……的压力
under the stress of... 在……压力下
lay/place stress on... 把重点放在……
(2)stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；心力憔悴的；
重音的；受压的
(3)stressful adj. 紧张的；压力大的
13 absorb vt.理解，掌握；吸收，汲取；吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注[教材原句P ] I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night.
20
我全神贯注，没日没夜地玩游戏。
[例1] The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.
这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。
[例2] It's hard to absorb so much information.
要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。
[例3] This work had absorbed him for several years.
这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。
[造句] 黑色墙壁在白天吸收大量的热。
Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day .
[知识拓展]
(1)absorb...from... 从……中吸收……
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbed adj. 一心一意的；被吸收的
be absorbed in＝be lost in＝be buried in全神贯注于；专心于
14 refresh vt. 使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新
[教材原句P ] I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，
20
and get to meet new friends.
爬山使我精神焕发，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，结识新朋友。
[例1] He refreshed himself with a cool shower.
他冲了个凉水澡凉快凉快。
[例2] The lotion cools and refreshes the skin.
润肤液使皮肤凉爽清新。
[造句] 这一页我已经反复刷新了几次，但是仍未见到任何评论。
I've refreshed the page a few times and still see no comments .
[知识拓展]
(1)refresh oneself 使自己精神振作，恢复活力
refresh oneself with... 用……提神
feel refreshed 感到精神爽快的
(2)refreshing adj. 使清爽的；使人重新振作的；提神的
(3)refreshment n. (精力)恢复；点心Sentence Patterns
状语从句的省略
[教材原句 P ]These bad habits， if left unchecked ，could lead to more
14
serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。
句式分析：if left unchecked是if they are left unchecked的省略形式；if条件句
中如果从句主语和句子主语一致，可以直接跟分词形式。
[例1] If asked，I would say that I belong to the generation of hope.
如果被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。
[例2] If invited to a wedding，you will receive an invitation six to eight
weeks before the event.
如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼之前六到八个星期收到请帖。
[造句] 如果故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的个性和背景。
If told properly ， stories should reveal a lot of facts about your personality
and background .
[知识拓展]
when，while，once，unless等引导状语从句也有类似用法，后面可以跟现在分
词、过去分词、不定式等。
rather than 连接并列谓语
[教材原句 P ]So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)， rather than eat
15
snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)...
所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(暗示)，而不是吃零食，我们可以听一些我们
最喜欢的音乐来代替(常规)……
句式分析：句中的rather than连接并列谓语，listen to和eat。
[例1] Much of the food pleases rather than excites.
这些食物中许多只是让人满意，但并不让人兴奋。
[例2] He decided to write rather than telephone.
他决定写信，不打电话。
[造句] 我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。
Let's get it over with as soon as possible ， rather than drag it out .[知识拓展]
(1)rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。
它构成的句型结构：
prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would rather do...than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
(2) rather than用作介词，与instead of同义。
(3)A rather than B作主语时，谓语要与A在人称、数上保持一致。
Unit 3 Environmental Protection
Words and Phrases
1 starve vi.&vt. (使)挨饿；饿死
[教材原句 P ] An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that
26
from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died.
一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从北极熊尸体的位置来看，北极熊似乎是饿
死的。
[例1] The new job doesn't pay as much but we won't starve!
新工作的工资不多，不过我们不至于挨饿！
[例2] A number of the prisoners we saw are starving.
我们看到的一些囚犯快要饿死了。
[造句] 如果你再浪费粮食，我就让你挨饿。
I f yo u wast e an y foo d agai n ， I wil l starv e you .
[知识拓展]
(1)starve to death 饿死
starve for 渴望；急需
(2)starved adj. 感到很饿的
be starved to death 被饿死be starved of/for 极需；缺乏
(3)starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
2 refer to查阅，参考；涉及，关于；提到，谈起，指的是；提交
[教材原句 P ] The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat
26－27
from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth's surface as shortwave radiation.
“自然”温室效应是指太阳产生的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气并使地
球表面变暖。
[例1] I promised not to refer to the matter again.
我答应过不再提这事了。
[例2] Please refer to the righthand column of page 200 of this dictionary.
请参看这本词典第二百页右面一栏。
[造句] 那句话与她无关。
That remark does not refer to her .
[知识拓展]
refer...to... 把……提交给/委托给
refer to...as... 把……看作/称为……
3 be trapped in 被困在……中
[教材原句 P ] When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases
27
by burning fossil fuels，more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes
Earth's surface temperature to rise quickly.
当人们通过燃烧化石燃料产生大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大
气中，导致地球表面温度迅速上升。
[例 1] If the bus was trapped in the snow，there was virtually no way to
evacuate those four kids.
如果公共汽车被困在暴风雪中，那么几乎没有方法使这四个孩子撤离。
[例2] He was trapped in an unhappy marriage.
他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。
[造句] 她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
She was trapped in the burning house .
[知识拓展]
trap sb.into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入……的圈套；使上当
fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进……的陷阱fall into a trap 掉进陷阱
4 result in 导致；造成
[教材原句 P ] Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further
27
warming and longlasting changes to the global climate.
温室气体排放量的持续增加将导致进一步变暖和全球气候的长期变化。
[例1] Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms.
食物过敏会引发很多不同的症状。
[例2] These policies resulted in many elderly people feeling happy.
这些政策使得许多老人感到幸福。
[造句] 当你有信心的去做某事，就会成功。
When you do something with faith ， it will result in success .
[知识拓展]
result from 由于，由……引起
as a result 结果
as a result of 由于
5 restrict vt. 限制；限定；束缚
[教材原句 P ] We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by
27
restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
我们作为个人也可以通过限制我们生活方式产生的二氧化碳量来减少我们
的“碳足迹”。
[例1] Having small children tends to restrict your freedom.
有年幼的孩子往往会限制你的自由。
[例2] The long skirt restricted her movements.
长裙妨碍了她的行动。
[造句] 不要限制她的适当的活动。
Don't restrict her proper activities .
[知识拓展]
(1)restrict...to... 把……限制在……
be restricted to 限于
restrict sb./oneself to doing sth. 约束……干……
(2)restriction n. 限制规定；限制法规；控制
without restriction 毫无限制6 seize vt. 抓住；夺取；控制
[教材原句 P ] It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate
27
everyone about global warming...
我们有责任抓住每一个机会，教育大家认识全球变暖……
[例1] She tried to seize the gun from him.
她试图抢夺他的枪。
[例2] The army has seized control of the country.
军队已经控制全国。
[造句] 这是我们要明智把握的一个共同机遇。
This is a joint opportunity that we are wise to seize .
[知识拓展]
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
seize...by surprise 突袭……
seize sb.by the arm 抓住某人胳膊
seize on/upon 采用；抓住；利用
7 submit vt.&vi. 提交；呈递；屈服；顺从；认为
[教材原句 P ] According to the report submitted by researchers，between 20
28
and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the
destruction of tropical forests.
根据研究人员提交的报告，每年20%至25%的二氧化碳排放量是由热带森
林的破坏造成的。
[例1] Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March.
完成的方案必须在3月10日前提交上来。
[例2] But I cannot submit，I can become my own master.
但我并不会屈服的，我会成为自己的主人的。
[造句] 被告律师认为这一证据不可采纳。
Counsel for the defence submitted that the evidence was inadmissible.
[知识拓展]
(1)submit sth.to sb. 提交；呈递某物给某人
submit (oneself) to sb./sth. 顺从；屈服
submit that 提议；认为
(2)submissive adj. 服从的；顺从的；恭顺的submission n. 屈服；呈送；提交
8 There is little doubt that...
[教材原句P ]There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
26
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越暖和。
句式分析：There is little/no doubt that...毫无疑问……；doubt后面用that引导
同位语从句；当doubt用于否定句和疑问句时，后面的从句用that引导；用于肯定
句时，后面的从句用whether引导。
[例1] There is no doubt that it was a strange and interesting situation.
毫无疑问，那是一个奇怪而有趣的局面。
[例2] There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问，我们做得对。
[造句] 他是否会来帮助我们还有些疑虑。
There is some doubt whether he will come to help us .
[知识拓展]
(1)I have no doubt that... 我确信……
I have some doubt whether... 我怀疑……
(2)I doubt whether/ifclause 我怀疑……
I don't doubt thatclause 我不怀疑……
Do you doubt thatclause? 你怀疑……吗？
9 not only...but also...
[教材原句 P ]There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in
27
temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters
worldwide， not only causing serious damage， but also costing human lives.
有确凿而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不
仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人员伤亡。
句式分析：句中的not only...but also...表示“不但……，而且……”，连接并列
的句子结构。
[例1] Air not only occupies space，but it also has weight.
空气不仅占据空间，而且它还具有重量。
[例2] Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.
莎士比亚不仅是一个作家，还是一个演员。[造句] 老工人对青年工人不仅言传而且身教。
The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words but in
deeds.
[知识拓展]
(1)not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等。
(2)not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用。not only与but also
后面所连接的词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致原则”，谓语动词的数应与
but also后的名词的数保持一致。
(3) not only放在句首，后接句子要用部分倒装。
10 on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
[教材原句 P ] I'm doing a project on behalf of my school about global
29
warming.
我代表我的学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。
[例1] My father can not be here，but I want to thank you on behalf of him.
我父亲不能前来，我代表他向你们致谢。
[例2] On behalf of the department I would like to thank you all.
我谨代表全系感谢大家。
[造句] 代理人代表他的委托人说话。
The a gent spoke on behalf of his principal .
[知识拓展]
on behalf of＝on sb.'s behalf
in behalf of＝in sb.'s behalf(美国英语)
都可表示“做某人的代表或代言人；为某人之利益”。
11 sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
[教材原句P ] Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic?
29
为什么核能是一个敏感话题？
[例1] She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.
她很能体谅他人的感情。
[例2] Health care is a politically sensitive issue.
医疗卫生是政界的一个敏感问题。
[造句] 证券市场(Stock Exchange)对政局变化非常敏感。
The Stock Exchange is very sensitive to political change.[知识拓展]
(1)be sensitive about/to... 对……敏感的
be sensitive of... 意识到；认识到
It is sensitive of sb.to do sth. 某人做某事是正确的
(2)sensible adj. 明智的
12 disposal n. 去掉；清除；处理
[教材原句 P ] New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and
32
garbage disposal methods.
还引进了有关旅游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规则。
[例1] A few hours later bomb disposal experts defused the devices.
几小时以后拆弹专家拆除了该爆炸装置。
[例2] Do you approve of my disposal of these folds in the curtain?
你赞同我在窗帘中折这些褶吗？
[造句] 安全处理核废物是个大问题。
The safe disposal of nuclear waste is a major problem .
[知识拓展]
(1)at one's disposal 任某人处理；供某人任意使用；
由某人自行支配
(2)dispose v. 排列；布置；安排；使倾向于；
使有意于；使易于
dispose of sb./sth. 应付/解决/处理某人(某事)
13 inspection n. 检查；查看；视察
[教材原句 P ] At the same time，they started to carry out inspections
33
regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses.
与此同时，他们开始定期进行检查，并对滥用权力的旅游组织进行罚款。
[例1] The headmaster went on a tour of inspection of all the classrooms.
校长巡查了所有教室。
[例2] Engineers carried out a thorough inspection of the track.
工程师对轨道进行了彻底检查。
[造句] 可否把你的行李指给我们检查？
Would you mind pointing out your luggage for inspection?
[知识拓展](1)carry out an inspection 展开调查
(2)inspect vt. 检查；视察
inspect...for... 检查/视察
14 tolerate vt. 忍受；包容；容许
[教材原句P ] The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation.
34
村民们再也不能忍受这种情况了。
[例1] This sort of behaviour will not be tolerated.
这种行为是不能容许的。
[例2] I don't know how you tolerate that noise!
我不知道你怎么能忍受那样的噪音！
[造句] 对疼痛的忍受力因人而异。
The ability to tolerate pain varies from person to person .
[知识拓展]
(1)tolerate (doing) sth. 容忍(做)某事
(2)tolerance n. 容忍；宽容
have no tolerance of/for sth. 不能容忍某事/物
(3)tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
be tolerant of/towards sb./sth. 忍受、宽容某人/某事
Sentence Patterns
with＋n.＋v.ing结构
[教材原句P ]Water pollution levels increased， with more household and
32
commercial waste ending up in the river .
水污染水平升高，更多的家庭和商业废物最终流入河流。
句式分析：本句中的“with more household and commercial waste ending up in
the river”是“with＋n.＋v.ing”结构。
[例1] I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。
[例2] With the crowds cheering，they drove to the palace.
在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。
[造句] 他没熄灯就睡着了。
He fell asleep with the lamp burning .[知识拓展]
with复合结构还常用于以下情形：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词
(2)with＋宾语＋副词
(3)with＋宾语＋名词
(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语
(5)with＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)
(6)with＋宾语＋不定式(短语)
Unit 4 Adversity And Courage
Words and Phrases
1[教材原句P ] However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton
38
turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified.
然而，当我申请加入探险队时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不
合格。
(1)turn sb. down拒绝(某人)
[例1] I am afraid our boss will turn me down.
我害怕我老板会拒绝我。
[例2] He has been turned down for ten jobs so far.
到目前为止他申请的十份工作都遭到了拒绝。
[造句] 你认为我应该拒绝他的报价吗？
Do you think I should turn down his offer?
[知识拓展]
turn down 调小
turn up 出现；到场；开大；调高音量
turn around/round 转身
turn out 证明是；结果是
turn to 转向；求助于；查阅turn over 翻转；移交
turn on/off 打开/关闭(开关)
turn in 上交
turn into 变成
(2)qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
[例1] The government has given qualified support to the idea.
政府对这一想法给予了适当的支持。
[例2] Demand has far outstripped supply of qualified teachers.
对有资格教师的需求远远超过了供应。
[造句] 这位女士最适合做这项工作。
The lady is ideally qualified for the job .
[知识拓展]
(1)qualify v. 使具备资格
(2)be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事
be qualified for 具备……资格的；适合担任……的
(3)qualification n. 资格；资历
2 abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃
[教材原句 P ] Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us
38
together...
在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿平静地把我们召集在一起……
[例1] The baby had been abandoned by its mother.
这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。
[例2] Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
[造句] 他们不得不舍弃土地，让侵略军占领。
They had to abandon their lands to the invading forces .
[知识拓展]
abandoned adj. 废弃的；被遗弃的；放任的
abandon oneself to(doing)sth. 纵情/沉溺于(做)某事
abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
with abandon 放任地；放纵地；纵情地
3 belongings n．财物；动产[教材原句P ] We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings，
38
and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.
我们不允许带走大部分私人物品，沙克尔顿把自己所有的黄金都扔掉了。
[例1] She packed her few belongings in a bag and left.
她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。
[例2] 她在那场火灾中失去了所有财产。
She lost all her belongings in the fire.
[造句] 她的许多私人财物都被偷走了。
Many of her personal belongings had been stolen .
[知识拓展]
(1)belonging n. 归属
a sense of belonging 归属感
(2)belong to sb. 属于某人，归某人所有
belong to sth. 是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员，
是(某族类或纲目)的一部分
4 hold on稍等；挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断
[教材原句P ] Hold on now，Perce.
39
要坚持住啊，珀西。
[例1] Can you hold on？I'll see if he's here.
等一下行吗？我去看看他在不在。
[例2] Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.
简决心要守住自己的财产。
[造句] 等一会儿，我得化妆一下。
Hold on for a minute ， I've just got to put on my make up.
[知识拓展]
hold up 支撑起；承受住；延迟，阻碍；抢劫
hold on to 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持
hold back 阻挡；阻拦；隐瞒；控制
hold down 压制；限制
hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；提供；
维持；忍耐
5 furniture n. 家具[教材原句 P ] It took him a lot of vigour/energy to move all the items of
40
furniture inside the house.
他费了很大力气才把房间里所有的家具搬走。
[例1] Each piece of furniture in their home suited the style of the house.
他们家的每件家具都与房子的风格相称。
[例2] We need to buy some new furniture.
我们需要买一些新家具。
[造句] 这种木料太软了，不适合用来做家具。
The wood is too soft to make furniture .
[知识拓展]
(1)a piece of furniture 一件家具
(2)furnish vt. 装修；布置，设置；提供；供应
furnish sth.with sth. 用……布置……
furnish sb./sth.with sth.＝furnish sth.to sb./sth.为某人/某物提供某物
be furnished with 备有；安装有
(3)furnished adj. 备有家具的
6 application n. 申请；请求；应用
[教材原句P ] Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was
40
too young and not qualified enough.
不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，不够资格。
[例1] Applications should be submitted as early as possible.
申请应尽早提交。
[例2] How do the two techniques compare in terms of application?
这两种手法实际运用起来哪个好一些？
[造句] 我想他们已经拒绝我的申请了。
I think they have rejected my application .
[知识拓展]
(1)applicant n． 申请人
(2)apply vt. 申请；应用
apply(to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某事/物
apply to sb./sth. 适用于某人/物
apply sth.to sth. 把……应用于……apply oneself to doing sth. 专注于/集中精力做某事
7 resolution n．决议；解决；坚定
[教材原句P ] For the whole morning，the board of the directors have been
41
discussing the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.
整个上午，董事会一直在讨论来年增加工资的决议。
[例1] The deputies discussed and passed the resolution.
代表们讨论并且通过了大会的决议。
[例2] He made a resolution to study hard.
他下决心好好学习。
[造句] 这些改革主要归功于一个人的坚定决心。
The reforms owe a great deal to the resolution of one man .
[知识拓展]
(1)make a resolution 做出决定
(2)resolve vi.&vt. 决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)
n. 决心；坚定的信念
resolve on (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
8 advertising n．广告活动；广告业
[教材原句 P ] The company launched an advertising campaign to promote its
41
corporate image.
这家公司发起了一场广告宣传活动来宣传公司形象。
[例1] Advertising is an important way of promotion in commercial business.
广告是商品交易中一种重要的促销手段。
[例2] The Chinese government has launched a global advertising campaign in
an effort to lift the reputation of Chinesemade goods.
近日，中国政 府推出一系列全球广告活动，试图提升“中 国制 造”的国
际形象。
[造句] 他们不妨停止在电视上做广告，这样做可能是明智之举。
They mi ght be wise to stop advertising on television.
[知识拓展]
(1)advertise vt.&vi. 公布；宣传；做广告
advertise for... 登广告求……advertise for sb.to do sth. 登广告招聘某人做某事
(2)advertisement n. 广告
9 fall into 养成；染上；陷入
[教材原句P ] Life fell into a regular pattern.
44
生活陷入了一种规律。
[例1] It's a trap too many people fall into.
太多人都掉进了这个陷阱里。
[例2] The boy fell into water and had to be pulled out at once.
这个男孩掉入了水中，必须马上拉上来。
[造句] 债台高筑让他陷入愁城。
Heavy d ebts made him fall into a sea of worries.
[知识拓展]
fall into the habit of... 染上……的习惯
fall out (牙齿或头发)脱落；争吵；闹翻
fall behind 落后
fall down 倒塌
fall over 被……绊倒
fall on/upon 突然降临
10 commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献
[教材原句P ] And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow
45
but painful death.
他还承诺要救我们脱离缓慢而痛苦的死亡。
[例 1] The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price
has been vital to its success.
这家公司保证供货质优价廉的承诺对它的成功起了决定性作用。
[例2] We made a commitment to keep working together.
我们作了承诺要继续在一起工作。
[造句] 我已经对完成这项工作表示过我个人的承诺。
I have expressed my personal co mmitment to finish the job.
[知识拓展]
commit vt. 投入，犯(罪)；做(错事等)；
把……委托于，交付commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth. 承诺某人/自己(做)某事
commit sb./oneself to do sth. 承诺某人/自己做某事
commit to... 忠于……，全身心地投入……
commit a crime 犯 罪
commit suicide 自 杀
Sentence Patterns
so...that...句型
[教材原句 P ]But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with
38
them that I secretly went aboard his ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small
cupboard.
但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热切，所以我偷偷地登上了“坚忍”号，
藏在一个小柜子里。
句式分析：本句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，后面
跟形容词或副词。
[例1] I am so tired that I want to sleep right now.
我是如此的累以至于我想马上睡觉。
[例2] Her parents gave her so many toys that she couldn't possibly play with
them all.
她父母给了她那么多玩具，以至于她都玩不过来了。
[造句] 日程做了精心安排，以使每一讲都没有重复内容。
The programme has been so organised that none of the talks overlap .
[知识拓展]
too...to...结构
[教材原句 P ]...the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to
39make it in our small boats.
……这次航行太危险了，很难让我们所有人都坐上小船。
句式分析：本句中too...to...表示“太……而不能……”，too是副词，后面跟形
容词或副词。
[例1] The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.
这道数学题太难我解不出来。
[例2] Sometimes the oil may be too thick to pour at all.
有时，油可能稠得一点也倒不出来。
[造句] 小男孩还太小不到上学年龄。
The boy is still too young to go to school .
[知识拓展]
在下面结构中too...to...含有肯定意义：
(1)当too后的形容词是表示心情的形容词时，如glad，pleased，surprised，
happy，eager，anxious等，此时，too相当于very或very much。
(2)too...to...与never，not等连用时，也表示肯定意义。
Unit 5 Poems
Words and Phrases
1 to the point切题；中肯
[教材原句P ] The language of these rhymes，like Poem A，is to the point but
50
has a storyline.
这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了，但有故事情节。
[例1] The explanation in this dictionary is concise and to the point.
这部词典里的释义简明扼要。
[例2] The letter was short and to the point.
这封信简短扼要。
[造句] 他话不多，但他说的话既准确又中肯。
He does not talk too much and what he has to say is precise and to the
point.[知识拓展]
beside/off the point 离题；跑题
There is no point in doing sth. 做某事毫无意义。
2 make sense有意义；讲得通
[教材原句P ] The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory，
50
but they are easy to learn and recite.
这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。
[例1] To me，this all just seems to make sense and I think it's readable.
对于我来说，这一切似乎讲得通，我认为它是可读的。
[例 2] What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make
sense of it.
她所讲的话如此令人费解，他们搞不明白她是什么意思。
[造句] 和他争论没有任何意义。
It doesn't make sense to argue with him .
[知识拓展]
make sense of 理解，弄懂
in a sense 在某种意义上
in no sense 决不(位于句首时句子用倒装语序)
There's no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。
3 be made up of 由……组成(构成)
[教材原句 P ] Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is
51
the cinquain，which is made up of five lines.
另一种业余爱好者很容易写诗的简单形式是五行诗。
[例1] My diet is made up of rice and vegetables.
我日常的饮食包括米饭和蔬菜。
[例2] The medical team is made up of three doctors and five nurses.
这个医疗团队由3个医生和5个护士组成。
[造句] 大洋洲(Oceania)主要是由澳大利亚和新西兰组成的。
Oceania is mainly made up of Australia and New Zealand .
[知识拓展]
make up 构成，组成；补上；编造；化妆
make up for... 弥补make out 理解；辨认出
4 tease vi.& vt.取笑(某人)；招惹；逗弄；揶揄
[教材原句P ]Teasing，shouting，laughing
51
爱闹，爱叫，又爱笑
[例1] He teased me mercilessly about going Hollywood.
他毫不留情地嘲笑我想去好莱坞。
[例2] She is always teasing her mother for money.
她老是缠着母亲要钱。
[造句] 他好像心情不好。别去招惹他。
He seems very moody. Don't tease him.
[知识拓展]
(1)tease sb.about... 取笑某人的……
(2)同义短语：
make fun of 取笑
laugh at 取笑；嘲笑
play a trick on 捉弄；戏弄
play a joke on 取笑；戏弄
5 consist of由……组成；由……构成
[教材原句 P ] Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consist of 17
51
syllables.
俳句是一种日语诗歌形式，由17个音节组成。
[例1] What will life consist of on other planets?
在其他的星球上，生命将由什么组成？
[例 2] Listening is thus an active，not a passive，behavior consisting of
hearing，understanding and remembering.
聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动的接受，它包括听、理解和记忆。
[造句] 新的理事会将有大约20名财政部长。
The new council would consist of about 20 finance ministers .
[知识拓展]
(1)consist in 在于；存在于
consist with 与……一致
(2)be made up of＝be composed of 由……组成6 blank adj. 空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的 n. 空白；空格
[教材原句P ] Blank verse is probably one of the most common and influential
52
forms of English poetry.
空白诗可能是英国诗歌中最常见、最有影响的形式之一。
[例1] Put a word in each blank to complete the sentence.
每个空格填入一个单词，把句子补充完整。
[例2] He tore a blank page from his notebook.
他从他的笔记本上撕下一页空白纸。
[造句] 我在她的桌子里找到一支铅笔和几张白纸。
I foun d a penci l an d som e blan k pape r i n he r desk .
[知识拓展]
go blank (屏幕等)出现空白；脑子突然一片空白
blankly adv. 呆呆地，木然地
7 correspondence n. 来往信件；通信联系
[教材原句P ] Browning fell in love with her poetry and then they entered into
53
personal correspondence.
布朗宁爱上了她的诗歌，然后他们就开始了私人通信。
[例1] The editor welcomes correspondence from readers on any subject.
编辑欢迎读者有关任何问题的来信。
[例2] I've got through a lot of correspondence today.
今天我处理了一大批信件。
[造句] 我们保持了很多年的通信联系。
We kept up a correspondence for many years .
[知识拓展]
(1)hold/keep up correspondence with sb.与某人保持通信联系
in correspondence with 和……一致；与……有通信联系
(2)correspond with 和……通信；与……相一致；相符合
correspond to 相符合；匹配，相当
8 polish vt. 修改；润色；抛光 n．上光剂；抛光；擦亮
[教材原句P ] What does Nora mean by saying that she needs time to polish her
54
writing?诺拉说她需要时间来润色她的作品是什么意思？
[例1] I give it a polish now and again.
我不时把它擦亮。
[例2] He polished his glasses with a handkerchief.
他用手绢揩拭眼镜。
[造句] 这项声明是经仔细润色检查后才发表的。
The statement w as carefully polished and checked before release.
[知识拓展]
polish off 很快做完；迅速吃光
polish up 擦亮；磨光；改善；润色
9 wherever引导让步状语从句
[教材原句P ]Wherever it blew，I should know...
56
无论它吹到哪里……
句式分析：wherever“无论在哪里”，引导让步状语从句。相当于no matter
where。
[例1] Wherever she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。
[例2] Wherever he is，he will be thinking of you.
无论他在哪里，他都会想念你。
[造句] 无论到哪儿他都能随即适应新环境。
Wherever he goes ， he readily adapts to new circumstances .
[知识拓展]
(1)wherever，whenever，however，whoever，whichever，whatever 等引导让步
状语从句，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。
(2)whoever，whichever，whatever 等也可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone that
或anything that，但是“no matter＋疑问词”不能引导名词性从句。
Sentence Patterns
“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句型
[ 教 材 原 句 P ] The poems may not make sense and even seem
50
contradictory，but they are easy to learn and recite ．这些诗可能没有意义，甚至看起来自相矛盾，但它们很容易学习和背诵。
句式分析：they are easy to learn and recite是“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”句型。
该句型中不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表达
被动意义。
[例1] My new teacher and classmates are all easy to get along with.
我的新老师和新同学都很好相处。
[例2] Tom was easy to talk to.
汤姆是一个很容易与之交谈的人。
[造句] 新的高速公路大桥很难在这么短的时间内完工。
The new freeway bridge is hard to complete in such a short time .
[知识拓展]
(1)能用于“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构中的形容词有：easy，hard/difficult，
comfortable，interesting，pleasant，safe，dangerous，impossible等，说明的是不定式
的性质。
(2)“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构中，不定式中的动词若是不及物动词，其
后要加上相应的介词。
while作连词的并列句
[教材原句P ]Some rhyme [like B and C]，while others do not.
50
有些押韵(像B和C)，而另一些不押韵。
句式分析：这是一个并列句，此句中的while作并列连词，表示前后两者的对
比，意为“而；然而”。
[例1] He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。
[例2] While their country has plenty of oil，ours has none.
他们国家有充足的石油，而我们国家却没有。
[造句] 汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。
While Tom's very good at science ， his brother is absolutely hopeless .
[知识拓展]
(1)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，当……的时
候”。从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
(2)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，相当于
though。(3)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，相当于as long as。
with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[教材原句 P ]With so many different forms of poetry to choose from，you
51
may eventually want to write poems of your own.
有这么多不同形式的诗歌可供选择，你最终可能会想自己写诗。
句式分析：此句为复杂的简单句。句中“With so many different forms of
poetry to choose from”为with的复合结构，在句中作原因状语。
[例1] With the old man to lead us，we'll have no difficulty going through
the forest.
有这位老人领着我们，我们将会毫不费力地穿过森林。
[例 2] With the children at school，we can't take our vacation when we
want to.
由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时却不能去。
[造句] 还剩下10分钟，你最好快点。
With ten minutes to go ， you'd better hurry .
[知识拓展]
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”称为with复合结构，此结构在句中常作时间、
原因、方式、伴随状语。
其具体形式为：
with＋宾语
