文档内容
上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
复旦大学附属中学 2022 学年第二学期
高一年级英语期中考试试卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25 分)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end
of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read
the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question
you have heard.
1. A. At a train station. B. At a bank.
C. At a box office. D. At an airport.
2. A. Have a physical examination.
B. Wait for the repairman to arrive.
C. Buy a new cell phone for the woman.
D. Find out what is wrong with the cell phone.
3. A. Prepare for a test. B. Continue the game.
C. Have a break. D. Go to bed.
4. A. A travel agency. B. Sales strategies.
C A job opportunity. D. Tour news.
.
5. A. Writing poems. B. Holding a contest.
C. Listening to music. D. Playing with his earphone.
6. A. Tony lacks confidence in his own match.
B. The woman dislikes tennis matches.
C. Most people will find the matches exciting.
D. The man agrees with Tony’s opinion.
7. A. The club members aren’t available. B. The Internet doesn’t work.
C. She doesn’t have time to do it. D. The email hasn’t been ready.
8. A. Exciting. B. Well-paid.
C. Boring. D. Tough.
第 1 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
9 A. He has lost interest in working here. B. He is glad not to be fired.
.
C. He will leave the company soon. D. He likes the tiring job.
10. A. Do as little exercise as she can. B. Do moderate physical training.
C. Repeat the training every other week. D. Avoid weight-lifting exercise.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you
will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and
the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear
a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer
to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. His father seldom asked others to help with the work.
B. He was considered to be able to take the responsibility.
C. He was the first one to undertake the job in his family.
D. His father gave him six dollars for his efforts.
12. A. His father scolded him severely.
B. His father took back the money.
C. His father made him do the cutting again.
D. His father cut the leaves himself.
13. A. One can benefit a lot from working with his father.
B. Manual laborers shouldn’t be looked down upon.
C. One should always take the hob seriously.
D. Teenagers tend to be careless.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. About 17%. B. About 30%. C. About 50%. D. About 70%.
15. A. Female population is smaller than male population.
B. Female access to the Internet cannot bring economic growth.
C. Fewer women than men could afford mobile phones and service.
D. The Intel corporation preferred male employees.
16. A. Cause and effect. B. Definition and explanation.
第 2 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
C. Comparison and contrast. D. Problem analysis and solution.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.
17. A. A person who loves fast food and has a good appetite.
B. A person who buys the book, watches TV and cooks a little.
C. A person who cooks food with good ingredients and eats it.
D. A person who has a strong interest in food but rarely cooks.
18. A. Cut the costs of buying food.
B. Find sources of quality meat.
C. Write cookbooks for others to learn from.
D. Cook different parts of an animal in different ways.
19. A. A large number of people are unable to afford food.
B. It’s more and more difficult to find suitable food.
C. The fast pace of life costs us the tradition of cooking.
D. Poverty robs people of the ability to cook and share food.
20. A. Economical food. B. What a foodie is.
C. Cooking skills. D. How to be a good cook.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary (40 分)
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and
D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Because Venus lost the water it originally had, most of its carbon dioxide ________ in its atmosphere, causing the
planet to become very warm.
A. remained B. was remained
C. had remained D. had been remained
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：因为金星失去了原来的水，大部分二氧化碳留在了大气中，导致这颗行星变得
非常温暖。根据前文lost可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，remain“留下”是不及物动
词，没有被动语态。故选A项。
2. It seems that oil ________ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A. had leaked B. is leaking
第 3 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
C. would have leaked D. has been leaking
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：看来这根管子漏油已经有一段时间了。我们必须把机器拆开才能把它修好。根
据句意和时间状语for some time可知，此处可用现在完成进行时，表示过去某一时间开始的动作，一直持
续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去。故选D项。
3. The young technician made one rookie mistake after another in the competition, which suggests that he
________ have followed his master’s instructions.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：这位年轻的技术员在比赛中犯了一个又一个新手错误，这表明他
不可能听从他师傅的指示。A. can’t不可能；B. needn’t不需要；C. mustn’t一定不能；D. shouldn’t不应
该。表示对过去的情况进行推测，应用“情态动词+have+过去分词”的形式，结合句意可知，此处表示年
轻的技术员不可能听从了他师傅的指导，can’t have done意为“不可能已经做了”。故选A项。
4. Up to 500 million Nomura’s jellyfish were reported ________ into the sea by 2005, one of the worst years.
A. to drift B. to be drifted C. to have drifted D. to be drifting
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，到2005年，有多达5亿只野村水母漂流入海，这是最糟糕的
一年之一。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语，设空处位于reported后，在句中作主语补足语，逻辑主语Up to
500 million Nomura’s jellyfish与动词drift之间为主动关系，结合by 2005可知，drift的动作已经完成，应
用to have done。故选C项。
5. Cities inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers rather than on to the car manufacturers
________ cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.
A. whose B. who C. where D. when
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：城市不可避免地将清洁空气的成本转嫁给了个人司机，而不是汽车制造
商，而汽车制造商的欺骗才是我们有毒污染的真正原因。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修
饰前面的名词manufacturers，这是一个限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主干成分，先行词表示人，结合句意
第 4 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
可知，此处表示“汽车制造商的欺骗”，设空处在句中作定语，应用whose引导。故选A项。
6. Committee member John Burland, an engineer from England ________ saved London’s clock tower Big Ben from
collapse, has received many awards and medals.
A. whom B. who C. where D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：委员会成员约翰·伯兰是一名来自英国的工程师，他拯救了伦敦的大本
钟，使其免于倒塌，他获得了许多奖项和奖章。分析句子可知，先行词an engineer from England，指人，
关系词在从句中作主语成分，此处为关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句。故选B项。
7. Because trains deliver passengers to city centres rather than airports in the suburbs, they can out-compete flights
on routes of up to 800km, ________ trains run at 200kph or more.
A. as soon as B. as long as C. so that D. as if
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：由于火车将乘客运送到市中心而不是郊区的机场，只要火车以
200公里或更高的时速运行，它们就能在长达800公里的航线上胜过飞机。A. as soon as一……就……；B.
as long as只要；C. so that以至于；D. as if好像。根据“trains run at 200kph or more.”可知，只要火车以
200公里或更高的时速运行，它们就能在长达800公里的航线上胜过飞机。as long as引导的是条件状语从
句。故选B。
8. ________ implementing these new measures is not easy, one positive sign is that residents started actively
negotiating with those tasked with their implementation.
A. While B. Once C. Because D. Whether
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然实施这些新措施并不容易，但一个积极的迹象是，居民们开始积极与
负责实施这些措施的部门进行谈判。A. While当……时、虽然，可引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句；B.
Once一旦，引导条件状语从句；C. Because因为，引导原因状语从句；D. Whether是否，引导名词性从
句。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导从句，结合从句中的is not easy和主句中的one positive sign可知，
主从句之间存在转折关系，此处应表示“虽然实施这些新措施不同意”，为让步状语从句，用while引导。
故选A项。
9. Every employee needs to find their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in ________ is their field
第 5 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
of employment.
A. whoever B. wherever C. whatever D. whenever
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：每个员工都需要找到自己独特的价值贡献，使他们在自己的就业领域脱
颖而出。分析句子可知，设空处位于介词in后，在句中引导宾语从句，从句中缺主语，结合句意可知，此
处表示物，应用whatever引导。故选C项。
10. Concerns were raised ________ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure a
decision of guilty.
A. what B. why C. where D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有人担心，可能会鼓励证人在法庭上夸大他们的故事，以确保有罪判
决。分析句子可知，分割式同位语从句结构完整、不缺意义，用that引导该从句，对抽象名词
Concerns“担忧”的内容进行补充解释和说明。故选D项。
11. ________ farmers devoted some of their land to growing crops for their horses rather than using this land to
grow food for their families.
A. So greatly were horses valued that B. Such valuable were horses that
C. So greatly horses were valued that D. Such valuable horses were that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：马的价值如此之高，以至于农民们将部分土地用于为马种植作物，而不是用
这些土地为家人种植粮食。在so…that…结构中，若将so+adj./adv.置于句首，则其后的主句要用部分倒
装，即so+adj./adv.+系动词+主语的结构，A项是部分倒装，B项和D项中such不能够修饰形容词，C项
未倒装。故选A项。
12. ________ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.
A. Unpopular as has white been B. As unpopular white has been
C. As white has been unpopular D. Unpopular as white has been
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装结构和从句。句意：虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。as是连词，
第 6 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
引导让步状语从句时，往往使用部分倒装结构，构成“形容词+as+主语+谓语”结构。故选D。
13. Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary ________ from them to help rebuild the
economy.
A. commitment B. appointment C. instrument D. requirement
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在银行已经恢复元气，我们期待他们会做出巨大的承诺来帮助重建
经济。A. commitment承诺；B. appointment预约；C. instrument仪器；D. requirement要求。根据空后“to
help rebuild the economy”可知，句子表示“我们期待他们会做出巨大的承诺来帮助重建经济”，因此空格
处是“承诺”。故选A。
14. The police soon established the murderer’s true ________ and he was quickly caught.
A. authority B. personality C. dignity D. identity
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：警方很快查明了凶手的真实身份，他很快就被抓住了。A. authority专
家、权威人士；B. personality个性、品格、名人；C. dignity尊严、自尊；D. identity身份。根据句意可
知，应该是查明了真实身份，identity符合句意。故选D项。
15. City planners should bear in mind that social development and balance of nature should go in ________.
A. combination B. sympathy C. harmony D. association
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：城市规划者应该牢记社会发展和自然平衡应该和谐相处。A.
combination结合；B. sympathy同情；C. harmony和谐；协调；D. association联合。根据“social
development and balance of nature”可知，社会发展和自然平衡应该协调一致。故选C。
16. Study shows that scary movies, easy ________ to weapons and improper Internet games, greatly contribute to
campus violence.
A. response B. objection C. access D. solution
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，恐怖电影，容易获得武器和不正当的网络游戏，极大地促
进了校园暴力。A. response回复；B. objection反对；C. access获得；D. solution解决方案。根据后文“to
第 7 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
weapons”指容易获得武器，应用access to。故选C。
17. —Why did you quit your job?
—It was good _____ its working conditions, but the salary was too low.
A. on behalf of B. in honor of C. in favor of D. in terms of
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——你为什么要辞职？——它的工作条件很好，但是薪水太低了。
A. on behalf of代表；B. in honor of 向……致敬；C. in favor of赞同；D. in terms of就……而言。根据答
语，但是薪水太低，可知就条件而言是不错的。由此可知，D项符合题意。故选D项。
18. As Google Glasses get closer to its launch, their potential for misuse is beginning to ________ people.
A. dawn on B. settle for C. shoot at D. scream for
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：随着谷歌眼镜离发布越来越近，人们开始意识到它们被滥用的可
能性。A. dawn on被理解，明白；B. settle for勉强接受；C. shoot at向……射击；D. scream for强烈要求，
为……尖声喊叫。根据句意可知，人们开始意识到这种可能性。故选A项。
19. Between 1940 and 1959, overfishing in Alaska led to crashes in salmon populations so ________ that in 1953
the state was declared a disaster area.
A. appealing B. severe C. slight D. vital
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1940年至1959年间，阿拉斯加的过度捕捞导致鲑鱼数量锐减，以
至于1953年该州被宣布为灾区。A. appealing吸引人的；B. severe严重的；C. slight轻微的；D. vital重要
的。根据“in 1953 the state was declared a disaster area”可知，此处为形容词severe“严重的”，满足句意要
求。故选B项。
20. Compared with effortless tasks, writing a poem about a worm in a mysterious poetic meter is a(n) ________
one, but artificial intelligence was the clear winner.
A. depressing B. ultimate C. practical D. challenging
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与毫不费力的任务相比，用神秘的韵律写一首关于蠕虫的诗是一项
第 8 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
具有挑战性的任务，但人工智能显然是赢家。A. depressing令人沮丧的；B. ultimate最后的；C. practical实
际的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。空格处应填形容词修饰代词one，根据句意，与毫不费力的任务相
比，说明用神秘的韵律写一首关于蠕虫的诗不是一件简单的事，而是一件有挑战的事情。故选D项。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that
there is one word more than you need.
A. coated B. dulled C. evolutionary D. hit E. originally F. gazes
G. newly-discovered H. secured I. tribes J. ultimately K. enthusiasts
Lao Gan Ma: The Chinese Chilli Crisp Hot in the West
For some, cooking during lockdowns was a chance to try out the kind of time-consuming, complicated food
preparation that the rush of ordinary life makes impossible. For others, it was an experience of boredom. Making
three meals a day, especially if your diners included small children, was a yawn defined.
Enter condiments (酱料). They satisfied both ____21____. For the ____22____, it was a chance to make the
sauces usually provided by the local shops that sell cooked foods. For the weary, a jar of something spicy or sour was
an easy way to enliven the cheese toasties. Chilli crisp—a glowing red oil, heady with chilli and heavy with crisp
pieces of garlic as well as black beans and sesame—became the sauce of the moment. The place it has ____23____
in many fridge doors since then hints at how foods become fashionable.
People in China may have been confused by the ____24____ joy with which those in countries such as America
seized on chilli crisp. They have been eating varieties of the stuff for centuries. Lao Gan Ma, made in the south-
western province of Guizhou, is the most famous brand. Its founder, Tao Huabi, started selling noodles ____25____
with the sauce in 1989, setting up a factory a few years later. Her face ____26____ out seriously from every label on
the 1.3m bottles the company says it now produces a day.
It took a pandemic to bring the delicacy to the rest of the world’s attention. Chilli crisp had many of the necessary
characteristics to be a(n) ____27____. It is spicy, but not overly so. It is spread out on noodles, as ____28____
intended, but it can also be added to fried eggs and other dishes familiar to Americans. It satisfies humans’ love of
第 9 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
crispy foods, rooted in a(n) ____29____ preference over many generations since crispness is often an indicator of
freshness.
Today’s question is not whether people will keep eating it. The liberation of post-pandemic dining has not
____30____ the delight of the condiment. The East Asian population in America and Britain is growing. Many new
brands have joined Lao Gan Ma. Like salsa, which once seemed exotic, chilli crisp is set to become a cupboard staple.
【答案】21. I 22. K 23. H
24. G
25. A 26. F 27. D 28. E
29. C
30. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的老干妈辣椒酱很受西方人喜欢。
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：它们让两伙人都满意。此处应用名词作宾语，由上文提到的“For some...For others”可
知，此处指两伙人，应用名词tribe，表示“一伙人”，由two可知，应用复数，故选I。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：对于爱好者来说，这是一个制作酱汁的机会，酱汁通常由当地出售熟食的商店提供。由
下文“For the weary, a jar of something spicy or sour was an easy way to enliven the cheese toasties.(对于疲惫的
人来说，一罐辛辣或酸味的东西是让奶酪烤面包充满活力的简单方法。)”和第一段提到的两种人可知，此
处指的是热爱做饭的这一伙人，应用名词enthusiast表示“爱好者”，作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式
表示泛指，故选K。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：从那时起，它在许多冰箱门上都占据了一席之地，这暗示着食物是如何变得时尚的。
“it has____in many fridge doors since then”是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the place，此处在定语
从句中作谓语动词，由下文“in many fridge doors”可知，此处指在冰箱获得的位置，应用动词secure，此
处应用过去分词与have构成现在完成时，故选H。
【24题详解】
考查形容词。句意：中国人可能对美国等其他国家的人们新发现辣椒酱而感到困惑。由下文“They have
been eating varieties of the stuff for centuries.”可知，美国等其他国家的人们喜欢吃各种各样的东西，所以中
国人对他们刚刚发现辣椒酱而感到困惑，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词joy，表示“新发现的”，应用
newly-discovered，故选G。
第 10 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【25题详解】
考查动词。句意：其创始人陶华碧于1989年开始销售浇有酱汁的面条，几年后成立了一家工厂。此处表
示“用……覆盖”应用动词coat，句中有谓语，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名
词noodles，且动词coat和noodles是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司表示，现在每天生产130万瓶，从每一个标签上都能看到她的脸都严肃地凝视
着。此处在主句中作谓语，表示“凝视”，用动词gaze，且句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在是，主语
是单数，gaze应用三单形式，故选F。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：辣椒脆皮具有许多必要的特性，可以成为一种热门食物。此处应用名词作宾语，表示
“很受欢迎的人（或事物）”，应用名词hit，由a可知，应用单数，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查副词。句意：按照最初的意图，它可以放在面条上，但也可以添加到煎蛋和其他美国人熟悉的菜肴
中。上文“Its founder, Tao Huabi, started selling noodles__5__with the sauce in 1989”提到老干妈最初是浇在
面条上的，由此可知，此处指按照最初的意图，应用副词originally作状语，修饰动词intended，故选E。
【29题详解】
考查形容词。句意：它满足了人类对酥脆食物的热爱，这源于多年来进化的偏好，因为酥脆通常是新鲜度
的指标。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词preference，表示“进化的”，应用形容词evolutionary，故选
C。
【30题详解】
考查动词。句意：疫情后餐饮业的解放并没有削弱调味品的乐趣。此处在句中作谓语动词，由下文“The
East Asian population in America and Britain is growing.”可知，疫情后餐饮业的解放并没有削弱调味品的乐
趣。此处应用动词dull表示“减少；削弱”，由have可知，应用过去分词形式与have构成现在完成时，故
选B。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45 分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,
B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Scientific discovery is popularly believed to result from the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist
Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein. Our view of such unique contributions to science often
____31____ the person’s prior experience and the efforts of their lesser-known predecessors (前任者).
第 11 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
____32____ such greats as Darwin and Einstein—whose remarkable contributions are duly celebrated — we
suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one
step back, as well as one or more steps to the right or left. This evolutionary view of human innovation weakens the
idea of ____33____ genius and recognizes the accumulative nature of scientific progress.
Consider one ____34____ scientist: John Nicholson, a mathematical physicist working in the 1910s who
assumed the existence of ‘proto-elements’ in outer space. By combining different numbers of weights of these proto-
elements’ atoms, Nicholson could recover the weights of all the elements in the then-known periodic table. These
successes are all the more noteworthy given the fact that Nicholson was ____35____ about the presence of proto-
elements: they do not actually exist. Yet, amid his often fanciful theories and wild guesses, Nicholson also
____36____ a new theory about the structure of atoms. Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic
theory, ____37____ this interesting idea to come up with his now-famous model of the atom.
What are we to make of this story? We propose that science is constantly ____38____, much as species of
animals do. In biological systems, organisms may display new characteristics that ____39____ random genetic
mutations (变异). In the same way, random or accidental mutations of ideas may help pave the way for
_____40_____ in science. _____41_____ mutations prove beneficial, the animal or the scientific theory will continue
to thrive and perhaps reproduce.
_____42_____ for this evolutionary view of behavioral innovation comes from many domains. Consider one
example of an influential innovation in US horseracing. The so-called ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup (马镫) placement, in
which the rider’s foot in his left stirrup is placed as much as 25 centimeters lower than the right, is believed to give
important speed advantages when turning on egg-shaped tracks. It was developed by a relatively unknown jockey
named Jackie Westrope. Had he _____43_____ the speed advantage that would be provided by riding acey-deucy?
No. He suffered a leg injury, which left him unable to fully bend his left knee. His _____44_____ just happened to
coincide with enhanced left-hand turning performance.
Plenty of other stories show that fresh advances can arise from error, misadventure, and also pure serendipity
— a happy _____45_____. The time seems right for abandoning the naive notions of intelligent design and genius,
and for scientifically exploring the true origins of creative behavior.
31. A. overlooks B. enriches C. questions D. reflects
32. A. Aiming at B. Longing for C. Holding back D. Setting aside
33. A. native B. creative C. subjective D. sensitive
34. A. stressed B. unrecognized C. celebrated D. respected
35. A. suspicious B. concerned C. wrong D. guilty
第 12 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
36. A. tested B. rejected C. accepted D. proposed
37. A. got rid of B. made room for C. jumped off from D. put up with
38. A. struggling B. reversing C. evolving D. shrinking
39. A. result from B. contribute to C. depart from D. relate to
40. A. priorities B. trials C. advances D. obstacles
41. A. If B. Until C. While D. Unless
42. A. Responsibility B. Prejudice C. Dislike D. Support
43. A. doubted B. neglected C. foreseen D. exceeded
44. A. motivation B. modification C. dedication D. publication
45. A. occasion B. life C. accident D. ending
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. C 36. D 37. C 38. C 39. A 40. C 41.
A 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了我们对一些伟人独一无二的科学贡献的看法往往忽视了前辈之
前的经验和努力。科学创新更多的是一个试错的过程，是科学进步不断积累的结果。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们对这种独一无二的科学贡献的看法往往忽视了这个人之前的经验和鲜为人
知的前辈们的努力。A. overlooks忽视；B. enriches丰富；C. questions质疑；D. reflects反应。由上文“Our
view of such unique contributions to science often”和下文“the person’s prior experience and the efforts of their
lesser-known predecessors”可知，我们认为科学贡献只属于某个或某几个人的看法往往忽视了一个人之前
的经验和鲜为人知的前辈的努力，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：撇开达尔文和爱因斯坦这样的伟人不谈，他们的杰出贡献受到了应有的赞扬，
我们认为创新更多的是一个试错的过程，前进两步有时会后退一步，也可能会向右或向左走一步或多步。
A. Aiming at旨在；B. Longing for渴望；C. Holding back阻止；D. Setting aside把……放一旁。由下文“we
suggest that innovation is more a process of trial and error, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one
step back, as well as one or more steps to the right or left.”和上文提到的人们认为科学发现是博物学家查尔
斯·达尔文和理论物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦等智力明星的天才结晶可知，作者认同达尔文和爱因斯坦
的贡献得到了应有的赞扬，但是作者还认为创新需要试错，也就是说除了达尔文和爱因斯坦的成就外，还
有之前前辈的经验和努力也值得赞扬，所以此处指撇开达尔文和爱因斯坦这样的伟人不谈，故选D。
【33题详解】
第 13 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种对人类创新的进化观削弱了创造性天才的观念，并承认了科学进步的累
积性。A. native本地的；B. creative有创意的；C. subjective主观的；D. sensitive敏感的。由上文“This
evolutionary view of human innovation”和上文提到的“the sheer genius of such intellectual stars as naturalist
Charles Darwin and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein”可知，对达尔文和爱因斯坦这种天才，应该赞扬他
们的贡献，但是也应该肯定前辈的经验和努力，由此可知，这种创新的进化观削弱了创造性天才的观念，
故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想想一位未被认可的科学家：约翰·尼科尔森，一位在1910年代工作的数
学物理学家，他假设外太空中存在“原始元素”。A. stressed焦虑的；B. unrecognized未被认出的；C.
celebrated著名的；D. respected受人尊敬的。由下文“scientist: John Nicholson, a mathematical physicist
working in the 1910s who assumed the existence of ‘proto-elements’ in outer space.”可知，此处举例子说明前
辈的那些错误也是有意义的，这些前辈往往是没有被认可的，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到尼科尔森对原始元素存在的看法是错误的：它们实际上并不存在，这
些成功更值得注意。A. suspicious怀疑的；B. concerned关心的；C. wrong错误的；D. guilty内疚的。由下
文“they do not actually exist.”可知，尼科尔森对原始元素存在的看法是错误的，因为实际上它们并不存
在，故选C。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他经常异想天开的理论和疯狂的猜测中，尼科尔森还提出了一个关于原子结
构的新理论。A. tested测试；B. rejected拒绝；C. accepted接受；D. proposed建议。由下文“a new theory
about the structure of atoms”可知，尼科尔森提出一个关于原子结构的新理论，故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖得主、现代原子理论之父尼尔斯·玻尔从这个有趣的想法中跳出来，
提出了他现在著名的原子模型。A. got rid of摆脱；B. made room for腾出空间；C. jumped off from从……
跳出来；D. put up with忍受。由下文“this interesting idea to come up with his now-famous model of the
atom.”可知，尼尔斯·玻尔从这个有趣的想法中跳出来，提出了他现在著名的原子模型，故选C。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们认为科学在不断发展，就像动物物种进化一样。A. struggling挣扎；B.
reversing修正；C. evolving进化；发展；D. shrinking缩水。由下文“much as species of animals do”和“In
biological systems, organisms may display new characteristics”可知，此处指就像动物物种进化一样，科学在
不断发展，故选C。
第 14 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在生物系统中，生物体可能会因随机基因突变而表现出新的特征。A. result
from起因于；B. contribute to有助于；C. depart from离开；D. relate to与……有关。由上文“organisms
may display new characteristics that”和下文“random genetic mutations (变异)”可知，生物体新的特征是由
于随机基因突变造成的，故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，思想的随机或偶然突变可能有助于为科学进步铺平道路。A. priorities优
先权；B. trials实验；C. advances进步；D. obstacles障碍。由上文“In the same way, random or accidental
mutations of ideas may help pave the way for”可知，思想的随机或偶然突变可能有助于为科学进步铺平道
路，故选C。
【41题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：如果突变被证明是有益的，动物或科学理论将继续茁壮成长，也许还会繁
殖。A. If如果；B. Until直到；C. While当……时候；D. Unless除非。由下文“mutations prove beneficial,
the animal or the scientific theory will continue to thrive and perhaps reproduce.”可知，此处表示一种假设，应
用if引导的条件状语从句，故选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对这种行为创新的进化观点的支持来自许多领域。A. Responsibility责任；B.
Prejudice偏见；C. Dislike不喜欢；D. Support支持。由下文“Consider one example of an influential
innovation in US horseracing.”可知，作者举了一个美国赛马界有影响力的创新例子，来证明对这种行为创
新的进化观点的支持来自许多领域，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是否已经预见了骑“acey-deucy”马镫位置能有速度优势？A. doubted怀疑；
B. neglected忽视；C. foreseen预见；D. exceeded超过。由上文“The so-called ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup (马镫)
placement, in which the rider’s foot in his left stirrup is placed as much as 25 centimeters lower than the right, is
believed to give important speed advantages when turning on egg-shaped tracks. It was developed by a relatively
unknown jockey named Jackie Westrope(所谓的“acey-deucy”马镫位置，即骑手的脚放在左马镫中，比右马
镫低25厘米，被认为在蛋形赛道上转弯时具有重要的速度优势。它是由一位相对不知名的骑师Jackie
Westrope发明的)”和下文“No. He suffered a leg injury, which left him unable to fully bend his left knee.”可
知，骑师Jackie Westrope发现了这种“acey-deucy”马镫位置，但这是偶然发现的，并不是他提前能预测
到的，此处提出问题：他是否已经预见了骑“acey-deucy”马镫位置有速度优势？下文对此做出否定回
答，即证明了他没有预测到“acey-deucy”马镫位置有速度优势，故选C。
第 15 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的动机恰好与左手转弯表现的增强相吻合。A. motivation动机；B.
modification修正；C. dedication奉献；D. publication出版。由下文“just happened to coincide with enhanced
left-hand turning performance.”和上文提到他因为腿部受伤，导致左膝无法完全弯曲。这使他碰巧发现了有
速度优势的“acey-deucy”马镫位置，由此可知，他发明“acey-deucy”马镫位置的动机和左手转弯表现的
增强相吻合，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多其他故事表明，新的进步可能来自错误、不幸，也可能来自纯粹的偶然发
现——一场幸福的意外。A. occasion场合；B. life生活；C. accident意外；D. ending结尾。由上文“Plenty
of other stories show that fresh advances can arise from error, misadventure, and also pure serendipity—a happy”
和上文举的Jackie Westrope在受伤后碰巧发现了会有速度优势的“acey-deucy”马镫位置，这完全是一场
意外，由此可知，新的进步可能来自错误、不幸，也可能来自纯粹的偶然发现——一场幸福的意外。故选
C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose
the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The tennis ball is such an unassuming object in our lives that we take its appearance for granted. Who hasn’t
stumbled upon one of them, forgotten, in the far corner of their closet or garage? Despite its passive presence, one of
the most crazy internet debates of 2018 centered on its distinctive color: Is it actually yellow, or is it green? The shade
in question originates from an unlikely source: David Attenborough, the legendary British documentarian known
internationally for his Planet Earth series, played a central role in how we see the tennis ball today.
The sport of modern tennis was born out of the English game of lawn tennis, which by most accounts was
invented in the 1870s. Lawn tennis was an outdoor adaptation of the indoor racket game “real tennis,” which itself
was an adoption of the French pastime jeu de paume, or “the palm game.” After many iterations (迭代), including
balls made of cork, wool, and even human hair, the tennis ball found what was then its ideal form: a ball made of a
rubber core encased in white or black melton, a tightly woven and felted fabric.
For nearly a century, tennis balls were white or black. It wasn’t until 1972 that tennis balls took on their bright
neon colour. At the time, Attenborough was working as a studio controller for the BBC. In the late 1960s he had led
the charge for the BBC to broadcast Wimbledon, perhaps the most iconic of tennis tournaments, in color for the first
第 16 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
time ever.
Broadcasting tennis in color brought the matches to life, but it made tracking the ball on screen difficult—
especially when it fell near the white courtlines. So the International Tennis Federation undertook a study that found
that yellow tennis balls were easier for home viewers to see on their screens. An official 1972 ITF rule change
required that all regulation balls have a uniform surface and be white or yellow in color. However, Wimbledon did
not change the ball color to yellow until 1986.
In 1991, the Chicago Tribune ran a story about white tennis balls making a comeback. In reality, most
manufacturers never stopped producing white balls in smaller quantities. Grant Golden, a former United States clay
court champion, declared that the comeback of white tennis balls would “go right down the toilet” because “the
yellow ball is perfect.”
The unmistakable shade of the tennis ball is officially called “optic yellow” by the ITF. The next time a tennis
ball comes rolling out from the recesses of your closet, take a moment to regard the power of its humble design.
46. According to paragraph 2, tennis originated from _________.
A. English real tennis B. French palm game
C. English lawn tennis D. French indoor racket
47. Which of the following is most likely to be the major reason for changing the ball color to yellow?
A. The comment made by Grant Golden.
B. The production of tennis balls with a rubber core.
C. The proposal raised by David Attenborough.
D. The finding of a study conducted by ITF.
48. Which of the following statements is true about Wimbledon, the tennis tournament?
A. Tennis balls at Wimbledon adopted a bright neon color in 1972.
B. Attenborough was the first to convince BBC to broadcast Wimbledon on TV.
C. It wasn’t until the late 1960s that Wimbledon was broadcast in color.
D. Golden suggested that white tennis balls make a comeback to Wimbledon.
49. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The new color of tennis balls
B. The unmistakable history of modern tennis
C. The evolution of broadcasting tennis matches
D. David Attenborough’s contributions to Wimbledon
【答案】46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A
第 17 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了网球颜色的更迭。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The sport of modern tennis was born out of the English game of lawn tennis,
which by most accounts was invented in the 1870s.(现代网球运动起源于英国的草地网球，大多数人认为草地
网球发明于19世纪70年代。)”可知，现代网球起源于英国的草地网球。故选C项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“So the International Tennis Federation undertook a study that found that yellow
tennis balls were easier for home viewers to see on their screens. An official 1972 ITF rule change required that all
regulation balls have a uniform surface and be white or yellow in color.(因此，国际网球联合会进行了一项研
究，发现黄色的网球更容易让家庭观众在屏幕上看到。1972年国际网联正式修改了规则，要求所有规则用
球的表面必须统一，颜色必须为白色或黄色。)”可知，国际网球联合会研究发现黄色的网球更容易让观众
在屏幕上看到，所以于1972年统一修改了规则，将网球颜色统一为白色或黄色。故选D项。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At the time, Attenborough was working as a studio controller for the BBC. In
the late 1960s he had led the charge for the BBC to broadcast Wimbledon, perhaps the most iconic of tennis
tournaments, in color for the first time ever.(当时，阿滕伯勒是BBC的演播室控制员。20世纪60年代末，他
带领英国广播公司首次用彩色电视转播了也许是最具代表性的网球锦标赛温布尔登网球公开赛。)”可知，
直到20世纪60年代末，温布尔登网球公开赛才第一次用彩色电视转播，C项正确；根据“However,
Wimbledon did not change the ball color to yellow until 1986.(然而，温布尔登直到1986年才将球的颜色改为
黄色。)”可知，温布尔登网球公开赛是直到1986年才将球的颜色改为黄色，A项错误；根据文章倒数第
二段“Grant Golden, a former United States clay court champion, declared that the comeback of white tennis balls
would “go right down the toilet” because “the yellow ball is perfect.”(前美国红土冠军格兰特·戈尔登宣称，白
色网球的回归将“彻底失败”，因为“黄色的网球是完美的”。)”可知，Golden宣称白色网球的回归将
“彻底失败”，D项错误；B项文章没有提到。故选C项。
【49题详解】
主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，文章第一段“Despite its passive presence, one of the most crazy internet debates
of 2018 centered on its distinctive color: Is it actually yellow, or is it green?(尽管它的存在很被动，但2018年最
疯狂的互联网辩论之一集中在它独特的颜色上：它实际上是黄色的，还是绿色的?)”提出了论点，网球的
颜色成为2018年最疯狂的互联网辩论之一；第二段介绍了网球的起源；第三、四、五、六段介绍了网球
颜色的更迭。由此可知，A项“The new color of tennis balls(网球的新颜色)”更能概括文章主题。故选A
第 18 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
项。
(B)
50. ________ thinks kids are having an effect on the climate movement?
A. Joyce Sidman B. Ellen Nam
C. Naomi Klein D. Kushal Konwar Sarma
51. Which of the following statements is true about the three books?
A. Hello, Earth! is a collection of poems by young children.
B. How to Change Everything provides solutions to climate issues.
C. The Elephant Doctor of India is a non-fiction about a veterinarian.
D. Each of the three books deals with a specific environmental problem.
52. The passage is most likely from _________.
A. a scientific journal B. an animal brochure
第 19 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
C an environmental report D. a children’s magazine
.
【答案】50. C 51. C 52. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是三本关于我们的星球以及生活在这里的动植物的新书。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二本书介绍部分的“Klein believes that kids have the power to make a difference. She
wants readers to speak up. “Young people are already leading the climate movement...[They’re] raising the alarm
and leading the way toward solutions.”(Klein相信孩子们有能力做出改变。她希望读者能说出来。“年轻人
已经在领导气候运动……（他们）敲响了警钟，引领人们找到解决方案。”)”可知，Naomi Klein认为孩
子们对气候运动有影响，故选C。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三本书的介绍“The Elephant Doctor of India tells the true story of Dr. Kushal Konwar
Sarma, who grew up in a vllage in Assam, India.(《印度的大象医生》讲述了Kushal Konwar Sarma医生的真
实故事，他在印度Assam的一个村庄长大。)”可知，《印度的大象医生》是一部关于一位兽医的纪实小
说，故选C。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“For our Earth Day special issue, we’re featuring three new books
about our planet—and the plants and animals that live here.(在我们的地球日特刊中，我们将推出三本关于我们
的星球以及生活在这里的动植物的新书。)”，第一本书介绍中的“She told TIME for Kids she was inspired to
use poetry to show young readers the beauty and importance of the environment.(她告诉《儿童时代》杂志，她
受到启发，用诗歌向年轻读者展示环境的美丽和重要性。)”，第二本书介绍的“How to Change Everything,
by NAOMI KLEIN, is a tool kit for young activists who want to fight climate change.(NAOMI KLEIN的《如何
改变一切》是为想要对抗气候变化的年轻活动人士提供的工具包。)”和第三本书的介绍中的“JANIE
CHODOSH, who wrote the book, told TFK she hopes Sarma’s story will give kids “a sense of wonder” and
“inspire them to care about the natural world.”(这本书的作者JANIE CHODOSH告诉TFK，她希望Sarma的
故事能给孩子们“一种惊奇感”，并“激励他们关心自然世界”。)”可知，由“特刊”两个字可知，这篇文
章是杂志里的，这三本书都是给孩子写的，因此本文是来自于儿童杂志，故选D。
(C)
If you ask something of ChatGPT, an artificial-intelligence (AI) tool that is going viral, the responses you get
back are almost instantaneous, utterly certain and often wrong. It is a bit like talking to an economist. The questions
第 20 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
raised by technologies like ChatGPT yield much more indecisive answers. But they are ones that managers ought to
start asking.
One issue is how to deal with employees’ concerns about job security. Worries are natural. An AI that makes it
easier to process your expenses is one thing; an AI that people would prefer to sit next to at a dinner party quite
another. Being clear about how workers would redirect time and energy that is freed up by an AI helps foster
acceptance. So does creating a sense of agency: research conducted by a team in Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) found that an ability to override (凌驾于) an AI makes employees more likely to use it.
Employees at Tapestry, a set of luxury brands, were given access to a forecasting model that told them how to
assign stock to stores. Some used a model whose logic could be interpreted; others used a model that was more of a
black box. Workers turned out to be likelier to overturn models they could understand because they were, mistakenly,
sure of their own intuitions (直觉). Workers were willing to accept the decisions of a model they could not explain,
however, because of their confidence in the expertise of people who had built it. The qualifications of those behind
an AI matter.
The different ways that customers respond to humans and to algorithms (算法) is a booming area of research.
In a recent paper Gizem Yalcin of the University of Texas at Austin and her coauthors looked at whether customers
responded differently to decisions — to approve someone for a loan, for example, or a country club membership —
when they were made by a machine or a person. They found that people reacted the same when they were being
rejected. But they felt less positive about an organisation when they were approved by an algorithm rather than a
human. The reason? People are good at explaining away unfavourable decisions, whoever makes them. However, it
is harder for them to attribute a successful application to their own charming, delightful selves when assessed by a
machine. People want to feel special, not reduced to a data point.
The picture that emerges from such research is messy. It is also dynamic: just as technologies evolve, so will
attitudes. But it is crystal clear on one thing. The impact of ChatGPT and other AIs will depend not just on what they
can do, but also on how they make people feel.
53. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the author thinks economists are likely to ________.
A. be unconfident about their own standpoints
B. provide unreliable suggestions to the public
C. be frequent users of such AIs as ChatGPT
D. serve as qualified consultants for managers
54. According to the second and third paragraphs, which of the following statements is correct?
A. AI would be more accepted if it joins in social events like dinner parties.
第 21 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
B. Directors should find ways to remind employees of their false intuitions.
C. The finding of MIT research conflicts with the implication of Tapestry case.
D. Workers tend to accept a model hard to understand due to a sense of agency.
55. According to the passage, Gizem Yalcin’s finding best explains that people ________.
A. tend to forecast negative judgements whoever the maker
B. react the same when receiving favorable assessments
C. refuse to be rated by a machine employed by a company
D. value their distinctive features in a particular situation
56. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. employees’ and customers’ attitudes to AI
B. questions managers should ask AI tools
C. the research and development of AI techs
D. different ways of assessing AI applications
【答案】53. B 54. D 55. D 56. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以目前正很火的一款人工智能工具ChatGPT为例子，提出像ChatGPT
这样的技术的使用，尽管很智能，但管理者们应该从实际考虑思考一些问题：其中一个问题是如何处理员
工对工作保障的担忧，而另一个问题则是来自客户对人工智能的态度。
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“If you ask something of ChatGPT, an artificial-intelligence (AI) tool that is
going viral, the responses you get back are almost instantaneous, utterly certain and often wrong. It is a bit like
talking to an economist.(ChatGPT是一款人工智能(AI)工具，目前正火得很，如果你问它一些问题，你得到
的回答几乎是即时的、绝对肯定的，而且经常是错误的。这有点像与一位经济学家交谈。)”可知，与
ChatGPT谈论问题就像与经济学家交谈一样，得到的是几乎即时、十分有底气但常常是错误的答复。由此
可推知，在作者看来，经济学家向公众表达的想法或建议并不值得信赖，不可靠。故选B项。
【54题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Workers were willing to accept the decisions of a model they could not
explain, however, because of their confidence in the expertise of people who had built it. The qualifications of
those behind an AI matter.(然而，工人们愿意接受他们无法解释的模型的决定，因为他们对构建模型的人的
专业知识充满信心。人工智能背后的人的资格很重要。)”可知，工人们更愿意接受自己无法理解的AI智
能模型，而他们在执行这种AI决定是出于对于人工智能背后的构建模型的人的专业度的信任，即，在履
第 22 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
行一种代理。因此，选项D“Workers tend to accept a model hard to understand due to a sense of agency.(由于
代理意识，员工倾向于接受一种难以理解的模式。)”是正确论述。故选D项。
【55题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“However, it is harder for them to attribute a successful application to their
own charming, delightful selves when assessed by a machine. People want to feel special, not reduced to a data
point.(然而，当被机器评估时，他们很难将成功的申请归功于自己迷人、令人愉快的自我。人们想要感觉
特别，而不是被简化成一个数据点。)”可知，当人们被机器认定为申请成功时，就会认为自己被简化成了
一个数据点，而不是由于自己本身有魅力或讨人喜欢。由此可知，Gizem Yalcin的发现最好地解释了人们
在特定情况下看重自己的独特特征。故选D项。
【56题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章关键句第二段“One issue is how to deal with employees’ concerns about job
security.(其中一个问题是如何处理员工对工作保障的担忧。)”，倒数第二段“The different ways that
customers respond to humans and to algorithms is a booming area of research.(顾客对人类和算法的不同反应是
一个蓬勃发展的研究领域。)”以及末尾段内容“But it is crystal clear on one thing. The impact of ChatGPT
and other AIs will depend not just on what they can do, but also on how they make people feel.(但有一点是非常清
楚的。ChatGPT和其他人工智能的影响不仅取决于它们能做什么，还取决于它们给人的感觉。)”可知，文
章主要从员工和顾客两个角度探讨了他们对于人工智能的感觉。选项A“employees’ and customers’
attitudes to AI(员工和客户对人工智能的态度)”贴合主旨。故选A项。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence
can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Michelle Yeoh’s Astounding First Oscar Win at 60 Makes History
There’s no stopping Michelle Yeoh.
Not only did Yeoh claim her first Oscar win for the hit film Everything Everywhere All At Once, but she did it
while making history as the first Asian woman to win Best Actress.
____57____ She’s been an actor for nearly 40 years, but it’s taken the huge success of Everything Everywhere
All At Once to elevate her to a new height of fame and recognition. Her tremendous performance as Evelyn, an Asian-
American immigrant mother struggling to make ends meet finally uncovered her exceptional talent and personal
appeal to the rest of the world.
Thankfully, she’s no longer in the shadows; it’s her moment, and all we can do as spectators is embrace her
journey. From Hong Kong martial arts films to Hollywood favorites like James Bond and The Mummy, she’s been
第 23 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
making an impact since the very beginning. ____58____ In the eighties, as she started out in the male-dominated
Hong Kong film industry, men viewed her with distrust and a touch of fear. But the former Miss Malaysia didn’t let
up: she kept up with the men and often surpassed them in the gym, training day and night until she was satisfied with
her progress.
____59____ She dedicated her win to “the Asian community and anyone who has ever been identified as a
minority.” “For all the little boys and girls who look like me watching tonight, this is a beacon of hope and
possibilities. This is proof-dream big and dreams do come true. And ladies, don’t let anybody tell you you’re ever
past your prime.”
What’s so admirable about Yeoh is that she’s never let rejection or doubt spoil her vision. ____60____ In this
case, it was Everything Everywhere All At Once, but even if the movie hadn’t received the applause it did, Yeoh
would have carved out something else to lift her up.
A. Many people told her to call it quits, believing that she’d already reached the glass ceiling.
B. Yeoh took the stage to deliver a touching speech with advice to never give up on your dreams.
C. The actress has been on a roll over the past year-surfing from one high to another.
D. This is a woman who has been so assured about her abilities from the start that she continued to strive and strive
until the right opportunity came her way.
E. However, her road is paved with obstacles, and she’s not hesitant in raising awareness about prejudice she’s
encountered throughout her career.
F. Rather than letting these failures define us we need to use them as a chance to learn and grow.
,
【答案】57. C 58. E 59. B 60. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了60岁的杨紫琼获得了奥斯卡影后，成为首位奥斯卡亚裔影
后。
【57题详解】
根据空后内容“She’s been an actor for nearly 40 years, but it’s taken the huge success of Everything Everywhere
All At Once to elevate her to a new height of fame and recognition.(她已经当了近40年的演员，但直到《瞬息全
宇宙》的巨大成功才把她的名气和认知度提升到一个新的高度。)”可知，下文讲述的是杨紫琼从演多年，
直到这部电影的成功才将她的知名度等提升到一个新的高度。选项C“The actress has been on a roll over the
past year-surfing from one high to another.(这位女演员在过去的一年里一直顺风顺水——从一个高潮到另一个
高潮。)”与下文内容一致，指的是杨紫琼的事业一直在稳步上升。故选C。
第 24 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【58题详解】
根据空后内容“In the eighties, as she started out in the male-dominated Hong Kong film industry, men viewed her
with distrust and a touch of fear. But the former Miss Malaysia didn’t let up: she kept up with the men and often
surpassed them in the gym, training day and night until she was satisfied with her progress.(上世纪80年代，当她
开始进入男性主导的香港电影行业时，男人们对她充满了不信任和一丝恐惧。但这位前马来西亚小姐并没
有放弃：她赶上了男选手，并经常在健身房超越他们，日以继夜地训练，直到她对自己的进步感到满意。)”
可知，下文主要讲述的是面对男性对她的质疑，杨紫琼不断努力，直到自己满意。选项E“However, her road
is paved with obstacles, and she’s not hesitant in raising awareness about prejudice she’s encountered throughout her
career.(然而，她的道路充满了障碍，她毫不犹豫地提高人们对她在职业生涯中遇到的偏见的认识。)”讲述
的正是她努力提高自己，战胜别人对自己的偏见。故选E。
【59题详解】
根据空后内容“She dedicated her win to “the Asian community and anyone who has ever been identified as a
minority.” “For all the little boys and girls who look like me watching tonight, this is a beacon of hope and
possibilities. This is proof-dream big and dreams do come true. And ladies, don’t let anybody tell you you’re ever
past your prime.”(她将自己的胜利献给“亚裔社区和任何曾经被认定为少数族裔的人”。“对于所有像我一样
正在观看今晚晚会的小男孩和小女孩来说，这是一座希望和可能性的灯塔。这就是证明——梦想大，梦想
就会成真。女士们，不要让任何人告诉你们，你们的黄金时代已经过去了。”)”可知，下文是杨紫琼获奖
后发表的演讲内容。选项 B“Yeoh took the stage to deliver a touching speech with advice to never give up on
your dreams.(杨紫琼上台发表了一篇感人的演讲，并建议大家永远不要放弃自己的梦想。)”引出下文演讲的
具体内容，与下文一致。故选B。
【60题详解】
根据空前内容“What’s so admirable about Yeoh is that she’s never let rejection or doubt spoil her vision.(杨紫琼
令人钦佩的是，她从不让拒绝或怀疑破坏她的愿景。)”可知，杨紫琼从不让拒绝或怀疑破坏她的愿景，是
一个令人钦佩的人。而下文“In this case, it was Everything Everywhere All At Once, but even if the movie
hadn’t received the applause it did, Yeoh would have carved out something else to lift her up.(这部电影的名字是
《瞬息全宇宙》，但即使这部电影没有获得如此多的掌声，杨紫琼也会创造出别的东西来提升自己。)”仍然
讲述的是杨紫琼会不断提升自己。选项D“This is a woman who has been so assured about her abilities from the
start that she continued to strive and strive until the right opportunity came her way.(这是一个从一开始就对自己
的能力非常自信的女人，她一直在努力奋斗，直到合适的机会出现。)”呈上讲述杨紫琼对自己很自信，让
人钦佩；同时引出下文，这部电影《瞬息全宇宙》是她展现自己的机会。故选D。
Ⅳ. Productive Grammar (10 分)
第 25 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Wandering Earth Ⅱ: A Happy Union Between Science and Film
In 2023, during the Chinese Lunar New Year, a science fiction film from China called The Wandering Earth Ⅱ
was released globally and received an overwhelming response from audiences. In the past three days, it ____61____
(attract) over 20 million viewers worldwide. The film is set in a future world ____62____ the Sun is dying out and
Earth is facing an approaching apocalypse (末世) in just 100 years. Instead of seeking refuge in spacecraft, mankind
decides to take the planet with them on a journey out of the Solar System, ____63____ (drive) by their longing for
their beloved home, Earth.
Back in 2019, the film The Wandering Earth, which ____64____ (adapt) from a short story by author Cixin Liu,
became a huge success at the Chinese box office. Four years later, director Frant Gwo and his team created a brand
new, prequel to the original story. The attention to detail in creating a believable future world is evident in the film’s
use of cutting-edge technology, ____65____ its inclusion of scientific concepts such as the construction of the Space
Elevator and the development of Digital Life. The film’s ability to combine stunning visuals with thought-provoking
concepts ____66____ (make) it stand out in the science fiction genre. Also, the focus on the science behind the story
not only adds to the realism of the future world but also helps to engage audiences on a deeper level. This combination
of entertainment and education is a rare find and shows ____67____ science fiction can be used to inspire curiosity
and encourage people to think critically about the future.
Glancing at the list of science consultant teams and organizations ____68____ (contribute) to the scientific and
technical advice for this film, we could find a deep collaboration (协作) between film and science that further
highlights the director’s commitment to creating a believable portrayal of the future. This not only adds to the film’s
credibility but also demystifies scientific concepts and makes them ____69____ (accessible) to audiences.
From the scientific community’s perspective, these collaborations are highly valuable. Scientists’ involvement
in film production can significantly enhance the quality of the films, ____70____ also spreading science and
technology to the masses. We eagerly anticipate the emergence of more exceptional films that result from the
harmonious blend of science and film.
【答案】61. attracted
62. where 63. driven
64. was adapted
65. and 66. makes
第 26 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
67. how 68. contributing
69. more accessible
70. while
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是《流浪地球Ⅱ》这部电影，它是科学与电影的完美结合。
【61题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的三天里，它吸引了全球超过2000万的观众。由“In the past three days”可知，
句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填attracted。
【62题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这部电影的背景设定在未来的世界里，太阳正在消亡，地球正面临着100年后即将
到来的世界末日。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词world是地方，关系
词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：人类没有在宇宙飞船中寻求庇护，而是决定带着地球一起离开太阳系，因为他们
对自己心爱的家园——地球的渴望。句中谓语是decides，空格处用非谓语动词作状语，由by可知，空格
处用过去分词表被动，故填driven。
【64题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：早在2019年，根据作家刘慈欣的短篇小说改编的电影《流浪地球》
就在中国票房上取得了巨大成功。该空定语从句谓语动词，作从句主语的which指代先行词the film The
Wandering Earth，电影是由小说改编而来，句子用被动语态，由“Back in 2019”可知，句子用一般过去时
的被动语态，即was/were done，从句主语单数，因此空格处是was adapted。故填was adapted。
【65题详解】
考查连词。句意：影片对尖端技术的运用，以及太空电梯的建造和数字生活的发展等科学概念，都体现了
对细节的关注，营造了一个可信的未来世界。“cutting-edge technology”和“its inclusion of scientific
concepts such as the construction of the Space Elevator and the development of Digital Life”是并列关系，且句
子是肯定句，因此用and表并列，故填and。
【66题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这部电影将令人惊叹的视觉效果与发人深省的概念相结合的能力使其在科幻
类型中脱颖而出。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语ability是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单
数，故填makes。
【67题详解】
第 27 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
考查宾语从句。句意：这种娱乐和教育的结合是一种罕见的发现，它表明科幻小说可以用来激发好奇心，
鼓励人们对未来进行批判性思考。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，根据语境可知，句
子表示“这种娱乐和教育的结合表明科幻小说是如何用来激发好奇心，鼓励人们对未来进行批判性思考
的”，空格处意为“如何”，表方式，用how引导宾语从句，故填how。
【68题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：浏览一下为这部电影提供科技建议的科学顾问团队和组织的名单，我们可以发现
电影和科学之间的深度合作，进一步凸显了导演对创造可信的未来描绘的承诺。句中谓语是could find，空
格处用非谓语动词，“science consultant teams and organizations”和contribute之间是主谓关系，因此空格
处用现在分词表主动，作后置定语，故填contributing。
【69题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：这不仅增加了影片的可信度，也使科学概念变得不那么神秘，让观众更容易
理解。由“This not only adds to the film’s credibility but also demystifies scientific concepts”可知，句子表示
“这不仅增加了影片的可信度，也使科学概念变得不那么神秘，让观众更容易理解”，空格处用形容词比
较级more accessible作宾补，故填more accessible。
【70题详解】
考查连词。句意：科学家参与电影制作可以显著提高电影的质量，同时也将科学技术传播给大众。根据语
境可知，句子表示“科学家参与电影制作可以显著提高电影的质量，同时也将科学技术传播给大众”，由
空后的spreading可知，空格处用while，表示“与……同时”，故填while。
Ⅴ. Translation (15 分 3+3+4+5)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
71. 要想炒饭口感更佳，必须充分搅拌米粒。(so that)(汉译英）
【答案】The rice grains must be thoroughly stirred so that fried rice tastes better.
【解析】
【详解】考查目的状语从句。根据提示可知，此处需用so that引导的目的状语从句；分析句子可知，此处
可将“要想炒饭口感更佳”处理为目的状语从句，“必须充分搅拌米粒”处理为一“米粒”为主语的主句；
表示“米粒”可用rice grains；表示“必须充分搅拌”可用must be thoroughly stirred，主语rice grains与动
词stir之间为被动关系；表示“要想炒饭口感更佳”可用so that fired rice tastes better。故翻译为The rice grains
must be thoroughly stirred so that fried rice tastes better.。
72. 我们的祖国大地到处都是壮丽的山川。(dot) (汉译英）
【答案】Our motherland is dotted with magnificent mountains and rivers.
【解析】
第 28 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【详解】考查动词短语、名词、形容词和名词短语。根据句意可知，表示“我们的祖国大地”为名词Our
motherland；表示“点缀着，遍处是”为动词短语be dotted with；表示“壮丽的”为形容词magnificent；表示
“山川”应为名词短语mountains and rivers，结合句意可知，该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为：Our motherland is
dotted with magnificent mountains and rivers。
73. 羽毛球场上形势瞬息万变，球员险胜后教练才如释重负。(not...until) (汉译英）
【答案】The situation on the badminton court was changing rapidly, and the coach didn’t feel relieved until the
players narrowly won.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时和过去进行时。表示
“羽毛球场上形势瞬息万变”the situation on the badminton court was changing rapidly，用过去进行时，主谓
一致，副词rapidly修饰动词；表示“球员险胜后教练才如释重负”为the coach didn’t feel relieved until the
players narrowly won，until引导时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时的否定结构，not…until表示“直到……
才”；用连词and连接。句首字母大写，故可翻译为The situation on the badminton court was changing
rapidly, and the coach didn’t feel relieved until the players narrowly won.
74. 那是他第一次登台即兴演讲，结果他的镇定自若和旁征博引深深地打动了评委们。(turn out) (汉译英）
【答案】It was his first impromptu speech on stage, and it turned out that he impressed the judges with his
composure and breadth of insight.
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、名词、介词短语、固定句型、动词。根据句意可知，表示“即兴的”为形容词
impromptu；表示“演讲”为名词speech；表示“在舞台上”为介词短语on stage；表示“结果是……”为固
定句型it turn out that；表示“用……给某人留下印象”为动词短语impress sb with sth；表示“评委们”为名
词the judges；表示“他的镇定自若和旁征博引”为名词短语his composure and breadth of insight，结合句意
可知，该句应为一般过去时。故翻译为：It was his first impromptu speech on stage, and it turned out that he
impressed the judges with his composure and breadth of insight.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing (15 分)
75. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启学校高一学生李磊，你校学生会正在组织学生社团的创建活动。你打算成立美食社或者某运
动社，你决定选择其中一个。请你写一份申请信，信件内容应包括：
1. 具体社团名称，如足球社等;
2. 你成立该社的理由。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第 29 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Student Union,
Hearing that you are calling on students to set up student association, I am so interested in it and decide to write
a letter to apply for founding a sport association.
Named as football association, it aims at gathering students to do some sports after the class. The reasons why I
decide to set up football association are as follows. To begin with, so many students share the common interest of
playing football. Besides, with the increasing burden of study, plenty of students hope to find a way to reduce their
pressure. Playing football is a good choice. It not only can help to relieve stress, but it also can develop students’
cooperative ability. Last but not least, the FIFA World Cup is coming. The best way to cheer for it is to involve in it.
I hope you can consider my application carefully. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Lei
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是明启学校高一学生李磊，你校学生会正在组织学生社团的创
建活动。你打算成立美食社或者某运动社，你决定选择其中一个。请写一封申请信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in → have interest in
目的是：aim at → aim to / with the purpose of
首先：to begin with → to start with / first of all
许多、大量：plenty of → a number of / lots of
2.句式拓展
同义句
原句：It not only can help to relieve stress, but it also can develop students’ cooperative ability.
拓展句：Not only can it help to relieve stress, but it also can develop students’ cooperative ability.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that you are calling on students to set up student association, I am so interested in
it and decide to write a letter to apply for founding a sport association.(运用了现在分词短语作状语、that引导的
宾语从句和and连接的并列结构)
【高分句型2】The reasons why I decide to set up football association are as follows.(运用了why引导的限制性
第 30 页 共 31 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
定语从句)
第 31 页 共 31 页
