曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
专题九 推理判断
五年高考
A组 新高考卷题组
Passage 1(2022新高考Ⅰ,B)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was
to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late.
Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days
passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could
have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the
moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how
much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables
rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were
a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.
Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of
donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in
Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered
more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的)
produce that otherwise would have rotted(腐烂) in fields. And the strawberries?Volunteers
will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part
in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly
shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,” Curtin says.
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1.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
2.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
3.What does Curtin's company do?
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4.What does Curtin suggest people do?
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
答案
1.B 2.B 3.D 4.A
Passage 2(2022新高考Ⅱ,D)
As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as
it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among
people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and
it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the
University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine
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is finding that even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may
help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not
exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two
groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic(无氧) exercise—balance
training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity
aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two
years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts,”
says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could
now fill a lot better and pump(泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those
who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when
the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong
exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's
findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger
groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest
difference.
1.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A.The right way of exercising.
B.The causes of a heart attack.
C.The difficulty of keeping fit.
D.The aging process of the heart.
2.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A.Diet plan.
B.Professional background.
C.Exercise type.
D.Previous physical condition.
3.What does Levine's research find?
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A.Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B.High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C.It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D.The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
4.What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A.Making use of the findings.
B.Interviewing the study participants.
C.Conducting further research.
D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.
答案
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C
Passage 3(2021新高考Ⅰ,B)
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside
pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. “I'm not a trained
musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner
for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the
musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became
just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at
once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right
spot,”Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes
and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage
communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page
turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page
to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall
off the stand,” Mr Titterton said. “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
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Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms
Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He's interested in the music, feeling
every note, and I have to say:‘Turn, turn!’”“Robert is the best page turner I've had in my
entire life.”
1.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A.Read music.
B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs.
D.Fix the instruments.
2.Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage?
A.Boring. B.Well-paid.
C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.
3.What does Titterton need to practise?
A.Counting the pages.
B.Recognizing the “nodding”.
C.Catching falling objects.
D.Performing in his own style.
4.Why is Ms Raspopova's husband “the worst page turner”?
A.He has very poor eyesight.
B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music.
D.He forgets to do his job.
答案
1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D
Passage 4(2020新高考Ⅰ,B)
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her
goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from
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University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a
bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at
a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school,
Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there
was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help
her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college
to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she
loves:nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in
Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could
drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great
support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to
cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer
sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing
important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my
kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an
important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation
graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
1.What did Jennifer do after high school?
A.She helped her dad with his work.
B.She ran the family farm on her own.
C.She supported herself through college.
D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
2.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?
A.To take care of her kids easily.
B.To learn from the best nurses.
C.To save money for her parents.
D.To find a well-paid job there.
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3.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A.Her health.
B.Her time with family.
C.Her reputation.
D.Her chance of promotion.
4.What can we learn from Jennifer's story?
A.Time is money.
B.Love breaks down barriers.
C.Hard work pays off.
D.Education is the key to success.
答案
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C
Passage 5(2020新高考Ⅰ,C)
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after
seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to
the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral
Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the
Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from
Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying
up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he
meets on his way:Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful
English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid
workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker
side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way
to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he
attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in
Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
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Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a
well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are
decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a
travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and
vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
1.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A.His friends' invitation.
B.His interest in the country.
C.His love for teaching.
D.His desire to regain health.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Developing a serious mental disease.
B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
3.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Romantic. B.Eventful.
C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.
4.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To introduce a book.
B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer.
D.To recommend a travel destination.
答案
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A
B组 课标全国卷、省(区、市)卷题组
Passage 1(2022全国乙,B)
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In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy
Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to
teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive
clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held
together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing
Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy
Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they
realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare
baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some
mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children
weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which
of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the
building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding
snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the
people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her
horse, looking down from a hill top:“When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a
rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small
animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
1.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A.To teach in a school.
B.To study American history.
C.To write a book.
D.To do sightseeing.
2.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A.They enjoyed much respect.
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B.They had a room with a bathtub.
C.They lived with the local kids.
D.They suffered severe hardships.
3.Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising?
A.The extreme climate of Auburn.
B.The living conditions in Elkhead.
C.The railroad building in the Rockies.
D.The natural beauty of the West.
4.What is the text?
A.A news report. B.A book review.
C.A children's story. D.A diary entry.
答案
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B
Passage 2(2022全国乙,D)
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as
Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g
of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that
today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,
putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data
of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is
expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school
sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by
manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million
fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to
Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p
for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
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However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and
are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and
most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than
1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar
tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in
schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great
importance, and the industry is playing its part.
1.Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A.To collect money for schools.
B.To improve the quality of drinks.
C.To protect children's health.
D.To encourage research in education.
2.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A.They turned to overseas markets.
B.They raised the prices of their products.
C.They cut down on their production.
D.They reduced their products' sugar content.
3.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A.Most alcoholic drinks. B.Milk-based drinks.
C.Fruit juices. D.Classic Coke.
4.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A.It is a short-sighted decision.
B.It is a success story.
C.It benefits manufacturers.
D.It upsets customers.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B
Passage 3(2021全国乙,B)
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When almost everyone has a mobile phone,why are more than half of Australian homes
still paying for a landline (座机)?
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't
own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically
everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter
(29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who
still have a landline,a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a
security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of
emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is
naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and
then,compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number
for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your
household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a
home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be
honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the
point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone(using
Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline?How long until they go the way of gas street lamps
and morning milk deliveries?
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A.Their target users.
B.Their wide popularity.
C.Their major functions.
D.Their complex design.
2.What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit. B.Argue.
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C.Remember. D.Remark.
3.What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A.They like smartphone games.
B.They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C.They keep using landline phones.
D.They are attached to their family.
4.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A.It remains a family necessity.
B.It will fall out of use some day.
C.It may increase daily expenses.
D.It is as important as the gas light.
答案
1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B
Passage 4(2021全国乙,D)
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think
about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That's why
I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.”His comment
struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布
局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of
creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise
levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85
decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant;
however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar
to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since
the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in
response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level
of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative
thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of
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thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to
focus. This kind of “distracted focus”appears to be the best state for working on creative
tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we
can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus.
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the
creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise
while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A.It helps him concentrate.
B.It blocks out background noise.
C.It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D.It encourages face-to-face interactions.
2.Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A.Total silence. B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels.
3.What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A.Personal privacy unprotected.
B.Limited working space.
C.Restrictions on group discussion.
D.Constant interruptions.
4.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A.He's a news reporter.
B.He's an office manager.
C.He's a professional designer.
D.He's a published writer.
答案
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D
Passage 5(2021浙江,B)
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We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk
from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to
do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone.
Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split
between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming
up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised
that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was
able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He
realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself
“marketing director for Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as
a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which
charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of
getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of
really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the
age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life.” His own children have got into the
habit of playing outside now:“We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to
come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as
they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
1.What is the problem with the author's children?
A.They often annoy the neighbours.
B.They are tired of doing their homework.
C.They have no friends to play with.
D.They stay in front of screens for too long.
2.How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A.By making a documentary film.
B.By organizing outdoor activities.
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C.By advertising in London media.
D.By creating a network of friends.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Let Children Have Fun
B.Young Children Need More Free Time
C.Market Nature to Children
D.David Bond:A Role Model for Children
答案
1.D 2.A 3.A 4.C
Passage 6(2020课标全国Ⅰ,C)
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most
likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer
Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.
But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg
swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form
that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an
assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most
calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800
calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn
walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more
calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.
According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body
weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times
their body weight with each step.
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As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are
uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress
on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in
adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a
coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A.They must run long distances.
B.They are qualified for the marathon.
C.They have to follow special rules.
D.They are good at swinging their legs.
2.What advantage does race walking have over running?
A.It's more popular at the Olympics.
B.It's less challenging physically.
C.It's more effective in body building.
D.It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
3.What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A.Getting experts' opinions.
B.Having a medical checkup.
C.Hiring an experienced coach.
D.Doing regular exercises.
4.Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?
A.Skeptical. B.Objective.
C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B
Passage 7(2020课标全国Ⅱ,D)
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I
was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.
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Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out
adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job
and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning
in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源)of entertainment. It
was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out
books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice
and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the
wonderment of books.
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of
going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their
local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风
港)for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in
their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为)and I think all writers should support
libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share
library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you
can.
1.Which word best describes the author's relationship with books as a child?
A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy.
C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
2.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Pleasure from working in the library.
B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
3.What does the author call on other writers to do?
A.Sponsor book fairs.
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B.Write for social media.
C.Support libraries.
D.Purchase her novels.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reading:A Source of Knowledge
B.My Idea about Writing
C.Library:A Haven for the Young
D.My Love of the Library
答案
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D
Passage 8(2019课标全国Ⅰ,C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for
biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-
spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that
gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the
cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard
could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and
the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard
can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to
the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.
Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word
“touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to
recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The
researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is
mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
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1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A.To reduce pressure on keys.
B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system.
D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A.It'll be environment-friendly.
B.It'll reach consumers soon.
C.It'll be made of plastics.
D.It'll help speed up typing.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A diary.
B.A guidebook.
C.A novel.
D.A magazine.
答案
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.D
Passage 9(2019北京,B)
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business
AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the
invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth, instead of destroying them.
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It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy
bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was
sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can't I make a
healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?”With that in
mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that
she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting
trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to
learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only
using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her
father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to
sell Moore's product—CanCandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is
enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might
bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.
Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.
Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of
AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky
could be the limit for Alice Moore.
1.How did Moore react to her dad's warning?
A.She argued with him.
B.She tried to find a way out.
C.She paid no attention.
D.She chose to consult dentists.
2.What is special about CanCandy?
A.It is beneficial to dental health.
B.It is free of sweeteners.
C.It is sweeter than other candies.
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D.It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
3.What does Moore expect from her business?
A.To earn more money.
B.To help others find smiles.
C.To make herself stand out.
D.To beat other candy companies.
4.What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?
A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C.Positive thinking and action result in success.
D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
答案
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C
Passage 10(2018课标全国Ⅰ,D)
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of
something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)
well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as
these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same
things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at
the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each
product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the
device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early
1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and
box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players,
smartphones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in
2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-
room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you
have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic
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devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old
devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop
monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy
consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during
the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution(解决方案)?The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers
also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics
that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They
found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop
computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
1.What does the author think of new devices?
A.They are environment-friendly.
B.They are no better than the old.
C.They cost more to use at home.
D.They go out of style quickly.
2.Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A.To reduce the cost of minerals.
B.To test the life cycle of a product.
C.To update consumers on new technology.
D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
3.Which of the following uses the least energy?
A.The box-set TV.
B.The tablet.
C.The LCD TV.
D.The desktop computer.
4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A.Stop using them. B.Take them apart.
C.Upgrade them. D.Recycle them.
答案
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.A
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Passage 11(2018浙江11月,A)
The most welcome sight on a cold, wet winter night in London is the familiar shape of a
London taxi cab approaching with its yellow “for hire” sign shining brightly. That shows it is
ready to pick you up. Travelling by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place
to another. It is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered.
The main reason for this is the drivers, who are called “cabbies.” Many of them are true
Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special
dialect(方言)of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and
all of them love to talk. A simple twenty-minute journey across town can become very
interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk
about the driver's Aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure, it will never be boring. Cabbies know
all the latest news about film stars, the Royal Family, government leaders, and popular singers
or actors and actresses.
They also know the best places to eat, shop and relax. And they can take you straight to any
large hotel, department store, theatre or museum. They know the shortest way possible
without even looking at a map, because everyone who wants to become a taxi driver must
pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi. The exam is called
“The Knowledge.” It is a written test, and in it drivers are asked the shortest way from one
place to another. They must take into account the time of day—in rush hour, a longer route(路
线)may be quicker—and describe the best way. Moreover they must never forget the one-way
streets!
1.From what can we tell that someone is a Cockney?
A.Their interest. B.Their manners.
C.Their speech. D.Their appearance.
2.What does the author suggest by mentioning “Aunty Nellie” in paragraph 2?
A.Passengers are full of curiosity.
B.Cabbies' topics are wide-ranging.
C.Aunty Nellie is popular in London.
D.Londoners are friendly to each other.
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3.What is the purpose of “The Knowledge”?
A.To qualify one to drive a taxi.
B.To assess one's driving skills.
C.To test drivers' ability to write.
D.To check taxi drivers' memory.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.A
Passage 12(2018浙江6月,A)
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain.
People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson
Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing
press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many
works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a
lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and
publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels
and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as
moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the
pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling
off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a
numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were
published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to
name a half-dozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences
from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific
progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No
one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a
distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and
important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
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1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A.They were difficult to understand.
B.They were popular among the rich.
C.They were seen as nearly worthless.
D.They were written mostly by women.
2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress .
A.his reputation in France
B.his interest in modern art
C.his success in publication
D.his importance in literature
3.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To remember a great writer.
B.To introduce an English novel.
C.To encourage studies on culture.
D.To promote values of the Victorian age.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.A
三年模拟
A组 考点基础题组
Passage 1(2022湖北十一校第二次联考,A)
The Hear Clear Go Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aid is a popular member of our
rechargeable hearing aid family for a good reason: It combines great performance with
incredible value! This hearing aid features advanced third-generation digital technology at an
unbelievably affordable price. The Go is packed with the same key technologies that all high-
end digital hearing aids share while leaving out the extra fancy bells and whistles that increase
costs and require expensive adjustments. With the Go, you'll hear clearly while saving a lot of
money.
With the Go's included charging station, you won't have to keep buying and replacing tiny
hearing aid batteries! You'll love the lightweight design. The Go is pre-programmed for most
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moderate to significant hearing losses—no costly professional adjustments needed. They are
shipped directly to you and will help you hear better right out of the box!
You can spend thousands on an expensive hearing aid, or you can spend just$239 on a
hearing aid that is great for most hearing losses (only $199 each when you buy a pair—hear
up to 3 times better than wearing just one). We are so sure you will love your hearing aids.
We offer a 100% Money Back Guarantee—Risk-free if you are not satisfied for any reason.
No costly professional appointments needed! With our free telecare, you can call our friendly
and caring staff from the comfort and safety of your home to discuss your hearing aid care.
1.What do we know about the Go?
A.Its price is unbelievably low.
B.It features fancy bells and whistles.
C.It includes a charging station.
D.It needs expensive professional adjustments.
2.How much should you pay to buy a pair?
A.$239. B.$ 478. C.$199. D.$398.
3.Where is the text most likely from?
A.A magazine.
B.A research paper.
C.A travel brochure.
D.A scientific journal.
答案
1.C 2.D 3.A
Passage 2(2022重庆第一次联合诊断,B)
I was always a reader. As a kid, I walked to the library several times a week and stayed
up late reading with a torch. I did my undergraduate degree in English and went on to get a
master's in literature. When I created my online profile, I made my screen name
“missbibliophile”. Filling out the “favorite books” section, I let my taste in literature speak for
me:One Hundred Years of Solitude, A Moveable Feast, White Teeth, The Namesake, The
Known World.
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But I realized it had been more than two years since I had read most of those titles. I had
stopped reading gradually, the way one heals or dies.
David was my online friend. His profile said he liked to read, so I asked him about his last
book. His face lit up and his fingers danced. I told him I only read one book that year. “But
it's June. Read a book!” he said.
I was painfully aware of the glaring hypocrisy (虚伪) in my life. I defended the virtues of
bookstores in the age of online retailing and bought books, and they sat on every surface until
my house appeared to wear books the way one wears clothes.
His suggestion of “reading a book” echoed in my head. One afternoon, I picked up one I'd
bought only for its poetic title. I had a hard time getting into it. Whenever I was tempted to
give up on it, I thought of David. I pushed through the first two chapters and discovered a
new narrator and I loved the alternating points of view. I read at lunch and on my walk home,
occasionally lifting my eyes to avoid strangers and the uneven road surface. I stayed up late
and finished the book.
I felt great and proud of myself. The last time I'd pulled an all-nighter to read, I was 12. I felt
he was pushing me to be more of the person I used to be.
1.Why did the author purposely list many classics in her profile?
A.To show her taste.
B.To list the books she had read.
C.To fill out the form.
D.To indicate her ability.
2.How much do we know about David?
A.He is interested in dancing.
B.He is excited about books.
C.He is curious about the Internet.
D.He is patient with strangers.
3.How did the author try to appear fond of reading?
A.By refusing online books.
B.By decorating her house with books.
C.By wandering about bookstores.
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D.By constantly buying different books.
4.Why did the author feel proud of herself?
A.She stayed up all night.
B.She finished reading a book.
C.She regained passion for books.
D.David pushed her to read.
答案
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C
Passage 3(2022辽宁名校联盟3月联考,B)
The other day, I was purchasing some gifts in a store. Standing at the counter was an
elderly lady who immediately drew my attention. She looked to be at my mother's age. I
smiled at her while noticing her shock of white hair, clear blue eyes behind her glasses and
the gentle smile.
She smiled back and asked, “What's your name?”I replied, “Seena. What's yours?” Her
answer was “What a lovely name. My name is Rose.”
After putting away her wallet, Rose searched through her bag and wasn't having an easy time.
She asked me, “Would you mind helping me look for something in my bag? It's so heavy, and
I can never find anything.” Rose was melting my heart.
“Sure. What are you looking for?” I asked. She replied, “I need to find my telephone book so
I can call a taxi.” I asked her where she was going, and Rose responded with “Simpson
House”. I felt a warm connection with my new acquaintance and said, “I pass right by
Simpson House. I'd be happy to drive you home.” Rose responded jokingly, “Are you sure
I'm a good person?” I replied, “I am as sure as I can be. Let's go.”
We walked out to my car and I opened the door for her. She said, “I'm OK getting in but I
need some help with the seatbelt.” It reminded me of all the times my mom waited for my
assistance to get into my car.
When I was driving, Rose said, “In all my years, nobody ever offered to give me a ride. I feel
blessed to know you.” Rose did most of the talking, and we laughed a lot.
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We arrived at her place. I got out of the car to meet her on the passenger's side and to open
her door. She said, “I can get out.” Rose's parting words were “I hope I see you again,” and
mine were “I would like that.” With a wave, we both left.
1.Why was Rose melting Seena's heart?
A.Rose looked elegant and powerful.
B.Seena felt trusted by a stranger.
C.Rose praised Seena for the lovely name.
D.Seena was happy to be younger than Rose.
2.What was Rose trying to find in her bag?
A.Her wallet. B.Her cellphone.
C.Her glasses. D.Her telephone book.
3.Why did Seena mention her own mother?
A.To stress Rose's positive life.
B.To show her love for her mother.
C.To imply Rose was in great need of help.
D.To remind herself to care more about her mother.
4.What kind of person is Rose?
A.Helpful and serious.
B.Honest and optimistic.
C.Considerate and ambitious.
D.Humorous and independent.
答案
1.B 2.D 3.A 4.D
Passage 4(2022湖南学业质量第二次联合检测,C)
Like many parents working from home while their kids are learning remotely, we've
been looking for creative ways to connect with our children—and nowhere has this been truer
than in the kitchen.
Kitchen science, as Liz Heinecke, author of Kitchen Science Lab for Kids calls it, doesn't
require any fancy equipment or ingredients (原料)—and, best of all, in the era of remote
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education, we can combine science lessons with everyday meal preparations. By helping with
cooking, kids can engage in lively, project-based lessons. Actually, even the easiest recipes
include both simple and complex scientific concepts.
Kitchen science isn't just about what we're cooking. It's also about understanding why it's
worth taking the time to figure out how ingredients and temperature interact and why
substances behave the way they do. Everyone involved will learn something.
For example, we all know oil and water don't mix easily, but we can change this by adding
mustard (芥末酱) to the oil and water to make a salad dressing. This is an opportunity to
teach kids about the science of emulsions (乳剂). Adding lemon juice to a vegetable stops
that vegetable from turning brown;cabbage changes color when you add vinegar to it. Both of
those phenomena are the result of chemical reactions. In the classroom, it can be hard to see
how scientific concepts will be applied outside the lab. But when kids see these concepts
work in the real world, that sparks curiosity and learning.
“Every time you step into your kitchen to cook, you put science to work. In fact, physics and
chemistry come into play whenever you steam, bake, freeze or boil. Thus, every time you step
into the kitchen, it's an opportunity for everyone to learn more about science,” Liz Heinecke
said.
1.What are parents expected to do in the kitchen?
A.Ask kids to cook a meal on their own.
B.Do scientific experiments in the kitchen.
C.Pay attention to cooking ingredients.
D.Combine scientific concepts with recipes.
2.What does the fourth paragraph indicate?
A.Raw materials are important in the kitchen.
B.Procedures to cook dinner must be followed.
C.Cooking can inspire kids' interest in studying science.
D.Family education is more important than school education.
3.What can we learn from Liz Heinecke's words?
A.Cooking can benefit both kids and parents.
B.Parents need to master different cooking skills.
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C.Lab experiments can be repeated at home.
D.Schools should offer cooking courses.
4.What does the author intend to tell us in the text?
A.To practice healthy eating habits.
B.To learn food science out of the lab.
C.To turn meal preparations into family learning.
D.To teach kids some recipes for cooking in the kitchen.
答案
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C
Passage 5(2021河北“五个一名校联盟”第二次诊断,B)
A PhD student in Michigan defended her paper while wearing a skirt made of rejection
letters she received while studying. Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters—from
scholarships, academic journals, and conferences—then folded each one into a fan. She
connected them in rows, and by the end she designed the item into a skirt and wore it.
She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize
rejection and take pride in overcoming it.“The whole process of revisiting those old letters
and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to
succeed,”she said. “A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way.”
Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science at Michigan
State University, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes
it's important for students to get into the habit of applying for things, and to get used to the
feeling of being rejected, so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes
their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the spot in the academic journal, that's okay.
They'll still learn something in the process.
As for Caitlin? Her rejections over the years have led to great things: Since her doctorate,
she's won a scholarship to do further research on urban agriculture in Germany.
Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what
the future holds?“I'm prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way,”she
joked heartily. “Maybe I'll make a longer skirt.”
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1.What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters?
A.She received 17 rejection letters in total.
B.29 of her rejection letters were from journals.
C.The rejection letters were connected into a fan.
D.She made some rejection letters into a skirt.
2.What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action?
A.Favorable. B.Ambiguous.
C.Skeptical. D.Opposed.
3.Which of the following words can best describe Caitlin?
A.Creative and considerate.
B.Caring and determined.
C.Optimistic and humorous.
D.Generous and intelligent.
4.Which of the following may Caitlin agree with?
A.Hard work pays off.
B.Education is the entrance to success.
C.Self-respect earns more respect.
D.One needs to normalize failures.
答案
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.D
Passage 6(2020山东日照校际联考,D)
Hybrid cars, also called hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs), are cars that use more than one
source of energy to run. They differ from the majority of cars on the road today in several
ways. The main difference is that HEVs run on gasoline and electricity. An HEV has a
battery-powered motor as well as an engine that runs on gasoline.
A hybrid car is a bit more expensive to produce than a regular car even though its engine
is smaller. The reason for the greater expense is that the engine is more complex. It has
specialized mechanisms that allow it to operate using gasoline and electric power. It also
contains a computer that works differently from those of regular cars. Even though it is more
expensive to purchase, it costs less to own than gas-powered cars. When an HEV is at a
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stoplight or going at a speed below 15 miles per hour, its special computer tells it to run just
on electric power. When the computer senses that the car needs more power, it puts the
gasoline engine back to work. The computer is constantly deciding whether the car will use
electricity, gas, or a combination of the two.
Because the HEV has electric power to help it run, it uses much less fuel than most cars. They
can get from 50 to 60 miles per gallon on average. The high mileage saves money for the car
owner and conserves precious supplies of petroleum. Hybrid cars help the environment in
other ways, too. For example, when the HEV is using electric power, it does not send out
poisonous smoke that pollutes the air.
Despite the differences between hybrid cars and regular cars, HEVs offer the same feel as
regular cars. They run in the same way and speed up and stop in the same way, too. HEVs,
though, are generally smaller than gasoline-powered cars. Their rounded, aerodynamic frame
helps add to their fuel efficiency but unfortunately does not add to the amount of space inside
the vehicle.
1.Which statement best explains the characteristics of an HEV?
A.Safe and reliable.
B.Expensive but long-lasting.
C.Smaller engine, greater power.
D.High price, low carbon.
2.The transformation between the gasoline and electricity in an HEV is operated by .
A.the engine B.the battery
C.the computer D.the driver
3.For what purpose was the HEV invented?
A.To save energy.
B.To provide better service.
C.To lower the expense of purchase.
D.To give the drivers a different feeling.
4.Where does the passage probably come from?
A.A health report.
B.A science magazine.
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C.A vehicle advertisement.
D.A travel journal.
答案
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B
B组 综合提升题组
Passage 1(2022广东深圳外国语学校二检,B)
Wherever on the globe she may be, humanitarian Nyamayaro keeps close to her native
Africa by carrying a yellow dress. “It reminds me of the bright, beautiful African sky I used to
see in my small village,” she tells People. Nyamayaro's life path wasn't always so high-
profile. Growing up, she assumed she'd spend her life contributing to her village, and farming
in the fields like the other women around her. But a chance encounter with a United Nations
worker that came amid a severe drought altered that path forever.
“I will never forget that day,” Nyamayaro says. “A child died from hunger every five
seconds, and I almost became one of those children. A severe drought had hit our village
when I turned 8 years old and suddenly, my paradise changed overnight and there was
nothing to eat or drink. I thought I was going to die. It felt like there was no way of getting
out of this. But then this incredible thing happened. An African, who was a United Nations
humanitarian, found me, and gave me a bowl of porridge that saved my life.” The chance
encounter provided more than just lifesaving nourishment—it opened the doors as to what
could be possible for her, who immediately set her sights on working for the United Nations
just like her savior.
“I thought I wanted to be like her, so that one day I could change the lives of others. I'm so
grateful for that moment which was very devastating, because it gave my life so much
meaning and purpose. The woman showed me what was possible. Sometimes one moment
can really change your entire life.”
Just as the United Nations worker opened her eyes to opportunities previously unknown,
Nyamayaro hopes girls from Africa can do the same for children growing up in villages just
like her, as she knows her story is not unique.
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1.Why is a yellow dress mentioned in paragraph 1?
A.It stands for her bright future.
B.It highlights her personal preference.
C.It is related to the scenery of her hometown.
D.It is the lucky color of her hometown.
2.Why did Nyamayaro want to be a humanitarian?
A.To get rid of the poverty as soon as possible.
B.To shoulder the responsibility of helping others.
C.To seek for chances to broaden her mind.
D.To set an example to the whole country.
3.What does Nyamayaro's career story tell us?
A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B.Success means getting a person's desires satisfied.
C.Ups and downs make one strong.
D.Where there's a will there's a way.
4.Where is this passage most likely from?
A.A magazine. B.A novel.
C.A brochure. D.A guidebook.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A
Passage 2(2022湖北十一校第二次联考,B)
If you were to throw a banana peel out of your car while driving along the motorway,
that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it's part of a fruit—right?
Actually, no. A banana peel can take up to two years to be naturally processed, and with a
third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, that's a whole lot of discarded banana
peels. An orange peel, as well as a cigarette butt, has a similar biodegrading(生物降解)term
to that of a banana peel, but tin cans last up to 100 years; and plastic bottles last forever, as do
glass bottles.
Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its
animals for longer, we can't merely measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its
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lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short length of biodegrading time, more than
120 tons of cigarette-related litter is discarded in the UK every day.
It's not a cheap habit either: To keep the streets clean annually costs UK taxpayers ￡500
million, and when you include the green spaces, that goes up to ￡l billion. So, it's not
surprising that if caught fly-tipping you could face a ￡20,000 fine or even jail time and, if
you disposed of something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve.
Regardless of how severe these punishments might seem, however, among the reported cases
only 2,000 were found guilty out of 825,000, so we still have a long way to go in making sure
people obey the rules.
1.What does the underlined word “discarded” in para. 1 mean?
A.Harmless. B.Processed.
C.Thrown. D.Long-lasting.
2.Which of the following has the longest biodegrading term?
A.Glass bottles. B.Tin cans.
C.Cigarette butts. D.Banana peels.
3.What can we know from the passage?
A.The severity of rubbish can be measured by its lifetime.
B.Quite a few people were found guilty of illegally littering.
C.Every year UK taxpayers spend 500 million pounds keeping streets free of dirt.
D.Cigarette-related litter and peels can be ignored for their fairly short lifetime.
4.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To inform readers of different biodegrading terms.
B.To call for people not to litter illegally.
C.To encourage people to use fewer plastic bags.
D.To stress the importance of good behavior.
答案
1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B
Passage 3(2022湖南学业质量第二次联合检测,D)
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We've all been there, when a really essential item that you had to order online arrives in
such an unbelievable amount of packaging that it makes you feel like it's an unprepared game
of passing the parcel.
It's made even worse by the fact that some of the packaging can't be recycled. In fact, 10
million tonnes of packaging waste are produced in the UK every year. A lot of this ends up in
landfill, two-thirds of which could have instead been recycled.
The good news, however, is that how packaging waste is managed is in for a BIG shake-up in
line with the “polluter pays principle”. By placing the main point of duty to pay on brand
owners, they will be encouraged to choose more sustainable packaging options which are
recyclable and reusable as much as possible. Otherwise, they will have to pay higher fees.
This is a system known as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)—meaning that those who
have control over packaging design decisions will be encouraged to do the right thing for the
planet at the beginning and consider what happens at the end of the packaging's life from the
start.
What this means is that instead of local authorities picking up the bill for household waste
management, companies will have to pay for managing your household packaging waste, and
they will be met with the associated little costs too.
And, as an added bonus, the new EPR laws on packaging will also mean that producers are
required to put clear mandatory (强制性的) labelling on packaging. For example, this could
be “RECYCLE” or “DO NOT RECYCLE”. Of course, we hope that the “DO NOT
RECYCLE” category labelling is the minority. It is aimed that by 2030, 78% of packaging
will be recycled in the UK.
1.What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A.Two-thirds of packaging waste is recycled.
B.Over-packaging is often the case in life.
C.The quality of goods cannot be guaranteed.
D.Online shopping is getting less popular.
2.Who will be responsible for paying packaging waste costs according to the law?
A.Designers. B.Producers.
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C.Customers. D.Local authorities.
3.What can the EPR laws lead the brand owners to do?
A.Pay higher taxes and recycle packaging waste.
B.Put clear labelling on packaging and promote sales.
C.Cut packaging waste and improve packaging recycling.
D.Follow the packaging design trend and the right things.
4.What can be learned about the items ordered online in the future?
A.Their labelling on packaging will be simple and generous.
B.The majority of their packaging needn't be recycled.
C.They will be of high quality and inexpensive.
D.They'll arrive in the right amount of recyclable packaging.
答案
1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D
Passage 4(2022湖北部分重点中学4月联考,D)
Chinese scientists have identified a new protein that restricts HIV infection, a discovery
that could pave the way for the development of new drugs against the virus. The protein, P-
selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), which exists in human cells, can inhibit (抑制) the
process by which HIV reproduces, according to research published in the science journal
Nature Microbiology this month.
However, the study also showed that PSGL-1 can be negatively affected by Vpu—an
accessory (附属) protein of HIV—which can neutralize the ability of PSGL-1 to resist HIV.
Further research is under way to develop a drug that can inhibit the HIV protein so that
PSGL-1 can restrict HIV, according to Tan Xu, a researcher at Tsinghua University's School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, a leading author of the study.
Several other proteins in human cells that could resist HIV have been discovered over the past
10 years, but the virus can also evade (避开) them. PSGL-1 shows particular promise in that
it can inhibit HIV in multiple ways—especially by blocking the infectiousness of virus
offspring, Tan said.
“We are starting to research into small molecule (分子) compounds in the hope of finding one
that can restore PSGL-1's anti-HIV function. In this way, we can develop a very effective
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antiviral drug for people with HIV/AIDS,” he said. Tan said it will require at least three to
five years for the research to reach the preclinical stage, and more time after that before a
clinical trial is possible. The research was conducted by researchers at Tsinghua University in
Beijing, Fudan University in Shanghai and George Mason University in the United States.
Existing treatment methods for people with HIV/AIDS, which mostly rely on a combination
of different drugs, can prevent the disease from progressing but cannot cure it, and long-term
use of drugs can result in drug resistance.
An estimated 37 million people in the world live with HIV, according to the Joint United
Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The study provides new leads to developing antiviral
drugs, Tsinghua University said in a statement.
1.What can we learn about PSGL-1 from the passage?
A.Both the protein PSGL-1 and the protein Vpu are HIV proteins.
B.PSGL-1 can restrict the function of the protein Vpu.
C.PSGL-1's molecule compounds have been identified.
D.The protein PSGL-1 functions better than others in resisting HIV.
2.What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?
A.The existing treatment for AIDS are far from perfect.
B.It will be a decade before the antiviral drugs is put on the market.
C.American scientists played a leading role in the research.
D.HIV/AIDS will no longer be a deadly problem owing to the new discovery.
3.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.There is a long way to go before curing AIDS.
B.More people are faced with the threat of HIV.
C.Chinese scientists are leading the way in curing AIDS.
D.A new protein to resist HIV was confirmed by scientists.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A guidebook. B.A fiction.
C.A magazine. D.A brochure.
答案
1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C
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Passage 5(2021广东六校第三次联考,B)
I entered a cabinetmaking(家具制造)program. I didn't think I would be good at making
furniture. I'm not handy. Nobody in my family is.
I had great teachers, but making furniture is hard. There are so many steps and something can
go wrong at each one. I couldn't even get organized. My toolbox always looked as if a
hurricane had gone through it.
I didn't fully know what I was committed to in the beginning, but I kept attending classes. I
tried to be wrapped up in math. The projects forced me to solve new kinds of problems. My
brain started to build new connections. Working in this new physical manner and giving it
100 percent of my effort had huge benefits for my mental health. I got over my fear of
embarrassment and asked for help at every opportunity.
I spent that year truly learning. True learning is the most challenging experience, especially
for those of us who are learning a new set of skills. I could understand exactly what was
wrong with the furniture I made, but I couldn't fix those problems. And yet, I kept trying. I
failed again and again, until I learned to fail better.
In the end, I finished the program—with honors, no less! My grades were helped by my good
written work. I also learned how to use tools. Having to constantly push myself to step
outside my comfort zone has made me a more well-rounded person.
Maybe most importantly, the school gave me a more realistic idea of my strengths and
limitations. I'm stronger than I thought!
1.What can we know about the author from the first two paragraphs?
A.She had a gift for making furniture.
B.She lacked practical skills.
C.She disliked making everything in a mess.
D.She went to the program to surprise her family.
2.What was the biggest challenge the author encountered?
A.Physical condition.
B.Psychological preparation.
C.To know how to correct mistakes.
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D.Not being good at math.
3.What do you think of the author?
A.Hard-working and determined.
B.Confident and efficient.
C.Cooperative and creative.
D.Modest and talented.
4.What did the author benefit most from the project?
A.She won an award for good writing.
B.She became stronger both mentally and physically.
C.She became skillful at making furniture.
D.She had a better understanding of herself.
答案
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D
Passage 6(2020重庆直属校3月检测,D)
In the 19th century, an Arab physician known as Ibn Zuhr conducted some animal
research to assess the surgical procedures that could be applicable to humans. Since then,
animal testing has been considered to be the most efficient way to develop new drugs. New
medical treatments and drugs are tested on animals first to determine their effectiveness or
safety levels before they are finally tested on humans. However, it remains controversial
whether it is morally right or wrong to use animals for medical or commercial experiments.
The use of animals for medical purposes is seen to be necessary by many scientists.
Researchers usually begin their trials using rats. If the tests are successful, further tests are
done on monkeys before using human beings. For testing, such tiered(分层的) rounds are
important because it reduces the level of error and any negative side effects. Some argue that
animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments and that there is no
adequate alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system. Moreover, there are
regulations for animal testing that limit the misuse of animals during research, which serves
as evidence that animals are well taken care of and treated well instead of being intentionally
harmed.
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However, some other experts and animal welfare groups have opposed such practice, terming
it inhumane(不人道的) and claiming it should be banned. According to Humane Society
International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force-feeding, radiation
exposure, operations to deliberately cause damage and frightening situations to create
depression and anxiety. They also hold the view that animals are very different from human
beings and therefore make poor test subjects. Drugs that pass animal tests are not necessarily
safe. Animal tests on the arthritis(关节炎) drug Vioxx showed that it would have a protective
effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause more than 27,000 heart attacks
before being pulled from the market.
It's safe to say that using animals for tests will continue to be debated in many years to come.
Despite the benefits of animal testing, some of the animal welfare organizations' concerns
need to be addressed with adequate regulations to ensure that animals are treated humanely.
1.Why is animal testing considered necessary?
A.Because rats are more similar to humans than monkeys.
B.Because other testing alternatives may not replace the need for animals.
C.Because animal testing can spare humans any side effect.
D.Because animal testing has been in practice since the 19th century.
2.What suffering do animals go through during experiments?
A.Eating poisonous food.
B.Being killed deliberately.
C.Breathing in polluted air.
D.Having unnecessary operations.
3.What does the example Vioxx in Paragraph 3 tell us?
A.Arthritis is hard to cure.
B.Some drugs need to be withdrawn from the market.
C.Animal tests cannot necessarily produce accurate results.
D.A drug should be tested many more times before its release.
4.What action will the author probably agree with?
A.Experts try hard to determine whether animal tests are harmful.
B.The authorities issue a new law to guarantee animal rights during research.
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C.Scientists reduce the number of animals used in research.
D.Relevant organizations show more concern about the animals' welfare.
答案
1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B
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