曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
专题九 推理判断
题组一
Passage 1 (2020天津,B改编) 词数479
“They tell me that you’d like to make a statue(塑像) of me—is that correct, Miss
Vinnie Ream?”
The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the
United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn’t have dared to ask you, but my
teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner.”
President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors—they’ve all tried to make the best of this
ordinary face, but I’m afraid there’s not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream?
A bust(半身像)?”
Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. “Of
course—I shouldn’t have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a
young woman your size.”
Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small
does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I’ve
driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not
exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do!”
The President’s eyes brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated
you as I didn’t know your background.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he
sighed, “I’d like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I
possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice
was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my
clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project
while you are at your desk.”
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The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand
warmly, “I’ve heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming
and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me
soon.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
1.How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie’s request?
A.Pleased. B.Thrilled.
C.Regretful. D.Doubtful.
2.Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting .
A.her experience from other projects
B.her innocent childhood in the country
C.the heavy labor she had done before
D.the skill she picked up in Wisconsin
3.Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to .
A.achieve effects of natural lighting
B.keep all her tools within easy reach
C.observe the President at a right angle
D.avoid disturbing the President’s work
4.What message does the story convey?
A.A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
B.Experience helps to promote excellence.
C.Ups and downs make one strong.
D.Devotion requires enthusiasm.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。主题语境为人与社会。主题语境内容为有志者事竟成。文
章介绍了一个十七岁的少女Vinnie想为林肯总统塑造一个雕像,她用她的自信和周全一
步步打消了总统的疑虑,最终获得了总统的许可。本文旨在培养学生坚韧的思想品质。
1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:林肯总统对Vinnie的请求的最初反应是什么?根据文
章第四段林肯的回答“Painters, sculptors—they’ve all tried to make the best of this
ordinary face, but I’m afraid there’s not much hope.”以及第五段中“Of course—I shouldn’t
have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your
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size.”可知林肯的话里充满了疑问,他认为对这么小的女孩子来说这个工程太大。故答案
为D项(怀疑的)。A:高兴的;B:狂喜的;C:后悔的。
2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:Vinnie通过强调 证明了她能做全身雕塑的能力。
根据文章第六段Vinnie的回答中“I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a
full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend to do!”可知,
女孩子曾经做过体力活,她有自信能做好雕像。故C项(她以前做过的体力活)正确。A:
她的来自其他项目的经验;B:她在乡村纯真的童年;D:她在Wisconsin学到的技巧。
3.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为: Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落来 。根据文章
倒数第三段可以推断出, Vinnie工作时坐在角落里是为了不影响林肯工作,故答案为D
项(避免打扰总统的工作)。A:获得自然光效果;B:使她所有的工具能触手可及;C:在合适
的角度观察总统。
4.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:这个故事传递了什么信息?文章讲述了Vinnie想给林
肯塑造雕像,这件事对一个十七岁的女孩子来说实属不易, 但是在老师的鼓励下,她向总
统提出了请求,用自己的经验和周到的考虑一步步打消了总统的疑虑并得到了总统的应
允。 由此可以总结出整篇文章传递了只要有坚强的意志就会成功的信息,故答案为A
项(有志者事竟成)。B:经验有助于促进卓越;C:兴衰浮沉使人坚强;D:奉献需要热情。
[长难句] If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon,
I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.如果我把黏土带到这
里且每天下午工作三个小时,我就能在您工作的时候完成大部分项目。
本句是一个主从复合句。If 引导状语从句。根据从句中 were to 和主句中的could可
知此句使用了虚拟语气。
Passage 2 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,C) 词数 261
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for
biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-
spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that
gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the
cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard
could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and
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the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard
can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to
the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with.
Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word
“touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to
recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The
researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is
mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A.To reduce pressure on keys.
B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system.
D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A.It’ll be environment-friendly.
B.It’ll reach consumers soon.
C.It’ll be made of plastics.
D.It’ll help speed up typing.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A diary.
B.A guidebook.
C.A novel.
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D.A magazine.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是科学与技术,主题语境内容为科技发展。
文章介绍了Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置——智能键盘,来保护私
人的电子空间,并希望这种设备能尽快进入市场,服务消费者。本文侧重培养学生的创新
能力。
1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们为什么研发智能键盘?根据文章第一段可知,
现在一些阻止别人进入私人电子空间的技术成本仍然很高。因此,来自Georgia Tech的
研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置——智能键盘,来应对这个问题。所以答案为D项:
减少电子空间保护的成本。A:减轻对按键的压力;B:提升打字的精确度;C:取代密码系统。
2.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使智能键盘这项发明成为可能?根据第二段第四
句“These patterns are unique to each person.”可知,因为每个人的打字模式各不相同,所以
智能键盘能识别人的身份,保护人的隐私。所以答案为C项:打字模式因人而异。A:计算
机更容易操作;B:指纹扫描技术发展很快;D:数据安全措施有保证。
3.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们对智能键盘期待什么?根据文章最后一段最
后两句话,研究者们说键盘应该直接商业化,智能键盘主要是由价格低廉的塑料类配件制
成,团队希望它在不久的将来进入市场。所以答案为B项(它将很快到达消费者手里)。
A:它将是环保的;C:它将用塑料制造。此项为干扰项,用塑料制造是事实,但不是将来发生
的事;D:它将有助于加速打字。
4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:这篇文章最有可能来自哪里?文章介绍了一种新的保
护电子空间隐私的设备——智能键盘,并且希望产品能很快走进市场。本文语言客观严
谨,属于科普类文章,故答案为D项:杂志。A:日记;B:旅游手册;C:小说。
[长难句] Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-
cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. 来自Georgia Tech的研
究者说他们想出了一种低成本的解决这个问题的设备:智能键盘。
该句主干为Researchers say that they have come up with a low-cost device。from
Georgia Tech为介词短语作后置定语,修饰Researchers;that gets around this problem是
定语从句, 修饰先行词device。
Passage 3 (2019天津,C改编) 词数 379
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How does an ecosystem(生态系统) work? What makes the populations of different
species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer,
scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how
much each one eats.
With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.
Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When
a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are
strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs
may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long
term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(灭绝)of one of them.
And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species
becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep
species from driving one another to extinction.
Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small
changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s,
scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control
over the size of populations of other species—including species they did not directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to
be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on
land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the
ecological balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the
system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a
breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention
is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点), it is
remarkably difficult for them to return.
1.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?
A.The living habits of species in food webs.
B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.
C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.
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D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.
2.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?
A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.
B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.
C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.
D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.
3.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?
A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.
B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.
C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.
D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.
4.How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?
A.By getting illegal practices under control.
B.By stopping us from killing large predators.
C.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.
D.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为自然环境。地球上的
生态系统是如何运转的呢?物种之间有的关系非常紧密,有的关系疏远,科学家用数学模
型来弄清生态系统运转的奥秘。本文有助于培养学生的思维品质。
1.B 细节理解题。本题题干意为:在食物网数学模型的帮助下科学家们已经发现了什么?
第二段第一句话(利用这种模型,科学家们已经弄清了一些在食物网运行过程中的关键原
则)与B项(影响生态系统食物网的规则)相符,故选B项。A:在食物网中物种的生活习惯。
C:研究生态系统中物种的方法。D:食物网中关系疏远和关系紧密的区别。
2.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:如果食物网顶端的捕食者数量大量减少,会发生什么
事?根据第三段第一句(数学模型也揭示出食物网可能不稳定,顶端的捕食者的小小变化
都会给整个生态系统造成巨大影响)可知,当食物网顶端的捕食者数量大幅度减少时,食
物网中的其他物种的数量会受到意想不到的影响,故选D项。A:它们直接捕食的猎物物
种会灭绝。文中没有提及会灭绝,排除A项。B:它们不直接捕食的物种会变成顶端捕食
者。C:其他物种的生活环境会保持不变。
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3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第四段的例子中我们可以得出什么结论?第四段中
以人类在海洋中捕食顶端捕食者鳕鱼和在陆地上大量杀死顶端捕食者狼为例来解释说
明第一句话。结合These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.可知A项(不
受控制的人类活动极大地打乱了生态系统)与此相符,故选A项。B:快速的经济发展威胁
到了动物的栖息地。C:具有商业价值的物种控制了其他物种。D:工业活动有助于保持
食物网稳定。这三项文中均没有提及。
4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:一个预警系统会如何帮助我们保持生态平衡?根据最
后一段的描述:这套预警系统可以告诉我们什么时候调整将生态系统推向崩溃的人类活
动或甚至能将生态系统从崩溃边缘拉回。预防是关键,因为一旦生态系统超过了其临界
点,那就非常难恢复了。D项(这套系统通过发出紧急信号来要求我们采取预防措施)与
此相符,故选D项。A:通过控制非法行为。B:通过阻止我们捕杀大型捕食者。这两项文
中没有信息提及。C:通过把遭到破坏的生态系统拉回到正常状态。 预警系统本身不能
做到这一点,它只能给人类发出信号。
[长难句] Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,
where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire
ecosystems.数学模型也揭示出食物网可能是不稳定的。在食物网中,顶端捕食者的小小
的变化会对整个生态系统产生巨大的影响。
本句是一个主从复合句。逗号前面部分是句子的主句。逗号后是关系副词where引导
的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词food webs。
Passage 4 (2019江苏,C)话题:社会进步 难度:难 词数:444
Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences
than the washing machine?Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most
recent changes?
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However,
they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology)revolution,
represented by the internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making
things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial
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society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业), with negative
consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved
the international community to worry about the “digital divide”between the rich countries and
the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing
countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is
whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those
less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more
affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every
child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that
those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy
programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of
alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent
changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that
now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people
have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great
technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.
Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary
regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic
policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career
choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under-
valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong
directions.
1.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to .
A.a lack of confidence in technology
B.a slow progress in technology
C.a conflict of public opinions
D.a waste of limited resources
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2.The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should .
A.take people’s essential needs into account
B.make their programmes attractive to people
C.ensure that each child gets financial support
D.provide more affordable internet facilities
3.What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A.Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B.Believing that the world has become borderless.
C.Ignoring the power of economic development.
D.Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
4.What can we learn from the passage?
A.People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B.Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C.Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D.Economic policies should follow technological trends.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为社会进步与人类文明。
本文告诉我们应正确认识科技发展趋势并顺势而为。本文有助于培养学生的思维品质。
1.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于新科技的影响的错误判断会导致 。根据文
章第二段第二句话However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of
scarce resources. (然而,它们有实实在在的影响,因为它们导致了对稀缺资源的错误使
用。)可知答案为D项(对有限资源的浪费)。A项:对科技缺乏信心;B项:科技的缓慢进步;
C项:舆论的冲突。
2.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:第四段中的例子建议捐赠者应该 。根据第四段
第三句话可知答案为A项(考虑人们的基本需求)。B项:让他们的计划吸引人;C项:确保
每一个孩子都能得到经济资助;D项:提供更多负担得起的互联网设施。
3.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:是什么导致许多政府取消了必要的管制?根据文章第
五段第一、三句可知答案为B项(相信世界已经变得无国界)。A项:忽略了科技进步的
影响;C项:忽视了经济发展的力量;D项:过度强调国际交往的作用。
4.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文章中我们可以推断出什么?根据文章最后一段第
二句话可知答案为B项(传统科技在今天仍然占有一席之地)。A项:应该鼓励人们多捐
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款;C项:正确的职业选择对个人成功至关重要;D项:经济政策的制定应该遵循科技发展
趋势。
高级词块 1.fascination/ˈfæsɪˈneɪʃn/ n.迷恋,着迷 2.revolution/ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ n.革命
3.facility/fəˈsɪləti/ n.设施,设备
长难句 As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to
believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological
progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.因此,在过去的
二十年左右,许多人开始相信,无论今天发生什么变化,都是伟大的科技进步的结果,而不
顺应它将会像试图把时钟转回来一样。
本句中主句主语为many people, 谓语为have come to believe, 宾语为that引导的宾语
从句。
Passage 5 (2018浙江11月,A) 词数 304
The most welcome sight on a cold, wet winter night in London is the familiar shape of a
London taxi cab approaching with its yellow “for hire” sign shining brightly. That shows it is
ready to pick you up. Travelling by taxi in London is not just a way of going from one place
to another. It is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered.
The main reason for this is the drivers, who are called “cabbies.” Many of them are true
Cockneys. This means they were born in the heart of London and speak their own special
dialect(方言)of English. All of them know every street and famous building in the city, and
all of them love to talk. A simple twenty-minute journey across town can become very
interesting. You may have a discussion about the government and its leaders or a friendly talk
about the driver’s Aunty Nellie! One thing is for sure, it will never be boring. Cabbies know
all the latest news about film stars, the Royal Family, government leaders, and popular singers
or actors and actresses.
They also know the best places to eat, shop and relax. And they can take you straight to any
large hotel, department store, theatre or museum. They know the shortest way possible
without even looking at a map, because everyone who wants to become a taxi driver must
pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi. The exam is called
“The Knowledge.” It is a written test, and in it drivers are asked the shortest way from one
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place to another. They must take into account the time of day—in rush hour, a longer route(路
线)may be quicker—and describe the best way. Moreover they must never forget the one-way
streets!
1.From what can we tell that someone is a Cockney?
A.Their interest.
B.Their manners.
C.Their speech.
D.Their appearance.
2.What does the author suggest by mentioning “Aunty Nellie” in paragraph 2?
A.Passengers are full of curiosity.
B.Cabbies’ topics are wide-ranging.
C.Aunty Nellie is popular in London.
D.Londoners are friendly to each other.
3.What is the purpose of “The Knowledge”?
A.To qualify one to drive a taxi.
B.To assess one’s driving skills.
C.To test drivers’ ability to write.
D.To check taxi drivers’ memory.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。文章介绍了伦敦出租车司机的特点。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many of them are true Cockneys. This means they
were born in the heart of London and speak their own special dialect of English.”可知,这里
的Cockneys指的是当地人,他们讲特殊的方言。因此通过一个人的言语,我们能判断他
是不是伦敦东区人,故选C。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“You may have a discussion about the government
and its leaders or a friendly talk about the driver’s Aunty Nellie!”可知介绍乘客可以和出租
车司机谈论很多事情,因此选B,意为“出租车司机的聊天话题非常广泛”。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...because everyone who wants to become a taxi
driver must pass a very difficult examination in order to get a license to drive a taxi. The
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exam is called ‘The Knowledge.’”可知,想成为一名伦敦出租车司机,你必须通过这项很难
的考试“The Knowledge”,因此这项考试的目的是使人们具备从事开出租车的资格。
Passage 6 (2018浙江6月,A) 词数 313
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain.
People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson
Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing
press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many
works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like“By a
lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and
publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels
and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as
moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the
pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling
off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a
numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were
published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to
name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences
from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific
progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No
one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a
distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and
important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A.They were difficult to understand.
B.They were popular among the rich.
C.They were seen as nearly worthless.
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D.They were written mostly by women.
2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress .
A.his reputation in France
B.his interest in modern art
C.his success in publication
D.his importance in literature
3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To remember a great writer.
B.To introduce an English novel.
C.To encourage studies on culture.
D.To promote values of the Victorian age.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国小说的发展以及狄更斯在小说发展过
程中的重要作用。
1.C 细节理解题。从第一段的整体叙述尤其是最后一句Novels, for the most part, were
looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.可知,在18世纪,小说被认为是几乎没有用
的东西。A项:它们很难懂;B项:它们在富人中很受欢迎;D项:它们主要是由女人写的。
这三个选项均与文章不符。
2.D 推理判断题。第二段主要介绍了狄更斯的重要地位,在本段的最后,作者把狄更斯
和《蒙娜丽莎》相比就是为了突出他在文学上的重要性。故选D项。
3.A 推理判断题。本文主要讲述了狄更斯在小说发展史上的重要作用,尤其是文章最后
一句But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for
our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知,作者呼吁人们要记
住他,因此A项正确,意为“纪念一位伟大的作家”。B项:介绍一本英文小说;C项:鼓励
文化研究;D项:宣传维多利亚时代的价值观。这三个选项都不符合文章的主旨。
[长难句] In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first
professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in
both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver
Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.1870年,当狄更斯去世的时候,
全世界都沉痛悼念这个世界上第一位专业的作家兼出版商;他非常出名,深受人们的喜爱。
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他使小说的出版和读者人数急剧增加。他小说中的主人公——从奥利弗·特维斯特到小
蒂姆——被认为是道德的标准。
when引导时间状语从句,the world mourned him as its first professional writer and
publisher是主句。who和whose均引导定语从句。
Passage 7 (2018天津,B)话题:人物轶事 难度:难 词数:407
When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the
home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it
into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum.
She asked, “Do you have the address?”“No, but I’ll recognize it, there was a picture in the
magazine.”
“Oh, stop. There it is!”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped
talking and stared at us.
“May I help you?”a man asked.“No,”I said.“We’re fine.”Tour guides got on my nerves. What
if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in?Sally had gone
upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with
curiosity. What was their problem?I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed
a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are?”he asked. I turned sharply.“The
McNay Art Museum!”He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels
Street.”“What’s this place?”I asked, still confused.“Well, it’s our home.”My heart jolted(震
颤). I raced to the staircase and called out,“Sally!Come down immediately!”
“There’s some really good stuff(艺术作品)up there.”She stepped down, looking confused. I
pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying,“Sorry, please forgive us, you
have a really nice place.”Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth,
laughing. She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh,
Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter
a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?”
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“Yes. But how do you know?We never told anyone.”
“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never
realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a
museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I’ve always wanted to thank you.”
1.What do we know about Marian McNay?
A.She was a painter.
B.She was a community leader.
C.She was a museum director.
D.She was a journalist.
2.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?
A.She disliked people who were nosy.
B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers.
C.She knew more about art than the man.
D.She mistook him for a tour guide.
3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?
A.Puzzled.
B.Concerned.
C.Frightened.
D.Delighted.
4.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?
A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.
B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.
C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.
D.The event happening in the house was more significant.
5.What could we learn from the last paragraph?
A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.
B.People should spend more time with their family.
C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.
D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。30年前,作者和朋友去参观一家博物馆,由于不知道具体地
址误入别人的家,主人对她们的到来感到很困惑,而作者对主人的表现也感到很困惑……。
30年后,作者与房主的女儿偶遇,得知自己曾经的误入使她意识到人们不该对身边的美视
而不见。
1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于Marian McNay我们了解什么?根据第一段中
“once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay(曾经是一个名叫Marian McNay
的水彩画画家的家)”可知Marian McNay是一名画家,故答案为A项。
2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者为什么拒绝房子里的男人的帮助?根据第四段中
“Tour guides got on my nerves.(导游总会使我感到心烦)”可知,作者当时之所以拒绝其帮
助是因为她误认为那个男人是导游,故答案为D项。A:她不喜欢爱窥探的人;B:当与陌生
人讲话时她会感到紧张;C:她比那个男人对艺术了解得更多。
3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:在被大厅中的人们盯着看时,作者感觉怎么样?根据第
四段中作者心里想的话“What was their problem?”可知,作者当时感到很困惑(Puzzled),
故答案为A项。B:担心的;C:害怕的;D:高兴的。
4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者只用了一点儿文字描述真正的McNay博
物馆?根据倒数第四段中的内容可推知:作者误入别人家这件事使她在参观真正的
McNay博物馆时一直感到很紧张,担心再出现什么意外。由此可知在那个房子里发生的
事更重要,故答案为D项。A:真正的博物馆没有足够的艺术作品使她感兴趣;B:她感到非
常不安而不能在那家真正的博物馆中待很长时间;C:与那个房子相比,McNay博物馆令人
失望。
5.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从最后一段我们能得知什么?根据最后一段中的I
never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before.可知:人们往往会对
身边的美视而不见,故答案为C项。
高级词块 1.get on one’s nerves刺激或烦扰某人 2.splendid/ˈsplendɪd/adj.绝好的
Passage 8 (2018天津,D)
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing?How many kinds of wildflowers
can be seen from your front door?If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you’ll have no
trouble answering these questions.
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Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child’s day is filled with
fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions
that were sharp to us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺
激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it
takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel
before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky
Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream.
The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they
unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot
spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷)many of us have with naming things. I saw
bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-
crowned kinglet”and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never
learned what it was doing.
The pressures of “time”and“destination”are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many
hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before
dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.
I asked them what they’d seen. “Oh, a few birds,”they said. They seemed bent on their
destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter
where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and
you will open a new dimension to your life.
1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more .
A.anxious to do wonders
B.sensitive to others’ feelings
C.likely to develop unpleasant habits
D.eager to explore the world around them
2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.
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B.To stop complaining all the time.
C.To follow the teacher’s advice.
D.To admit mistakes honestly.
3.The bird watchers’ behavior shows that they .
A.are very patient in their observation
B.are really fascinated by nature
C.care only about the names of birds
D.question the accuracy of the field guides
4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A.The natural beauty isn’t attractive to them.
B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should .
A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C.open our mind to new things and ideas
D.try our best to protect nature
答案
[语篇解读] 研究发现,与孩子相比,成人对周围事物的感知能力更差。如何才能唤醒这
种感知能力呢?文章举例说明并对此给出了答案。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中孩子和成年人的对比可知,大部分人在孩提时代更善于
观察,每天都充满魅力、新奇与惊奇,好奇心使我们每个人都具有一种天生的感知能力。
但是那些对小时候的我们来说很明显的差别变得模糊了,我们对新刺激、新观点变得麻
木了。由此可推断,与成年人相比,在好奇心的驱使下,孩子更渴望去探索周围的世界。
2.A 推理判断题。本段开头指出,要唤醒关注周围环境的意识首先不要预测自己会看到
什么、会感受到什么,这会妨碍我们的感知能力。而且作者用实际的例子证明了这个观
点,故推断出A项符合作者的观点,意为“要避免贸然下结论”。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,野鸟观察者只关心鸟的名字,不再关注鸟本身
和鸟的行为。由此可见C项正确,意为“只关心鸟的名字”。
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4.B 细节理解题。倒数第二段开头提到,“时间”和“目的地”的压力进一步阻止人们
去关注周围的环境。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,远足者们一心想要到达目的地,故
B项符合文章内容,意为“他们专注于及时赶到营地”。
5.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,下次你散步时,无论在什么地方,都应
该欣赏各种景色,倾听各种声音,接受各种感觉,带着这种心境漫步,你会为生活开辟新领
域。由此可知A项符合文章内容,作者建议我们充实感官来感受世界的奇迹。
Passage 9 (2018江苏,D)
Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-
worth, a major study warned.
It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public approval they
get online, often through “likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their
image on the web.
The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s Commissioner (专
员) Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional
risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the
tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users
to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities
and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to demand “likes” for their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond
to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. However,
those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”,
suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.
Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their
appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and
increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.
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She said: “Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when
they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous
pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”
As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way
that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but
also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.
Miss Longfield added: “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss
something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are
following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”
“For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.”The Children’s
Commissioner for England’s study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were
using social media platforms largely for play.
However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that
as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware
of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the
report found.
However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of
incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities (名人) or more
brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all
hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children
for the emotional minefield (雷区) they faced online. And she said social media companies
must also “take more responsibility”. They should either monitor their websites better so that
children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger
users.
Javed Khan, of children’s charity Barnardo’s, said: “It’s vital that new compulsory age-
appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to
deal with the growing demands of social media.”
“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”
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1.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?
A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.
B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.
C.They were required to give quick responses.
D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.
2.Some social app companies were to blame because .
A.they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration
B.they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters
C.they encouraged youngsters to post more photos
D.they didn’t stop youngsters from staying up late
3.Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to .
A.less friendliness to each other
B.lower self-identity and confidence
C.an increase in online cheating
D.a stronger desire to stay online
4.According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to .
A.circulate their posts quickly
B.know the qualities of their posts
C.use mobile phones for play
D.get more public approval
5.What should parents do to solve the problem?
A.Communicate more with secondary schools.
B.Urge media companies to create safer apps.
C.Keep track of children’s use of social media.
D.Forbid their children from visiting the web.
6.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The influence of social media on children.
B.The importance of social media to children.
C.The problem in building a healthy relationship.
D.The measure to reduce risks from social media.
答案
第 22 页 共 155 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
[语篇解读] 研究发现,青少年变得依赖社交媒体来找到自我价值。他们中很多人都以
网上的点赞量来衡量自己的地位,这在很多方面带来了不利影响。因此家长、学校和媒
体应该肩负起更多的责任。
1.B 推理判断题。题干句意:为什么一些中学生们感到压力巨大?根据第三段第二句可
知,社交媒体公司使孩子们在情感方面面临危险,因为这些开始上中学的年轻人并未做好
准备去应对网络带来的巨大压力。由此可知B项与文章内容一致,意为“他们并没有为
情感方面的危险做好充分准备”。
2.A 推理判断题。题干句意:一些社交应用程序公司应该受到谴责,因为 。根据
第四段可知,尽管有些社交应用程序应该要求用户至少满13岁,但是这些应用程序还是
受到孩子们的欢迎。由此可见,社交应用程序公司并没有充分检查用户的注册,故A项符
合文章内容。
3.B 细节理解题。题干句意:孩子们与他人在网上进行比较可能导致 。根据第九
段可知,随着孩子交际圈的扩大,他们会与他人在网上进行比较,这会严重损害他们的自我
认同、自信心以及发展自我的能力,由此可见B项符合文章内容。
4.D 推理判断题。题干句意:根据Life in Likes,随着孩子们的成长,他们变得更加渴望
。根据第十一、十二和十三段可知,这项研究发现8岁的孩子利用社交媒体平台主要是
为了玩儿,而到10岁左右时,他们上网就开始变得焦虑了,到了11岁时,他们更加关注自
己的网络形象,他们要确保自己发布的内容受到别人欢迎。由此判断,随着孩子的成长,他
们上网更加渴望得到他人的赞同。
5.C 推理判断题。题干句意:要解决这个问题,家长应该做什么?由倒数第一段可知C项
“跟踪孩子们对社交媒体的使用”符合题意。故选C。
6.A 主旨大意题。通读全文可概括得知,文章主要介绍了一项研究发现:随着孩子们的
成长,社交媒体给他们带来了不利影响,故A项符合文章主旨,意为“社交媒体对孩子们
的影响”。
Passage 10 (2017课标全国Ⅰ,B) 词数 290
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey
Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be
heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.
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I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the
ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier
for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been
able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the
basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly
calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a
recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to
adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much
information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The
homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and
saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by
the greatest sight of all—LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably
continue to do so.
1.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?
A.Efforts made in vain.
B.Getting injured in his work.
C.Feeling uncertain about his future.
D.Creatures forced out of their homes.
2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?
A.To rescue a woman.
B.To take care of a woman.
C.To look at a baby owl.
D.To cure a young owl.
3.What made the chick calm down?
A.A new nest. B.Some food.
C.A recording. D.Its parents.
4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
第 24 页 共 155 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
A.It’s unexpected. B.It’s beautiful.
C.It’s humorous. D.It’s discouraging.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,讲述了一位志愿者成功救助一只落到地上的猫头鹰雏鸟的
故事。作者为猫头鹰雏鸟编织了一个鸟巢放在树上,并请人播放猫头鹰雏鸟叫声的录音,
最终成功引回猫头鹰雏鸟的父母来照顾它。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain”可知,
拯救野生生物的工作有时令人心碎,因为动物不一定能活下来,也就是说可能会徒劳无功,
由此可知答案为A项。B:在工作中受伤;C:对未来不确定;D:生物被迫离开栖息地。以上
三项在文中均未被提及,故全部排除。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “She had found a young owl on the ground.”和第三
段中的“I examined the chick and it seemed fine.”可知,作者接到一位居住在Muttontown
的妇女的电话,于是赶过去看看这只雏鸟的情况。选项C中的“look at(检查)”与文中的
“examined”相对应,故答案为C项。
3.A 细节理解题。题干中的“calm down”是关键词。文中第四段指出,作者把雏鸟放进
特意为它做的鸟巢后,它很快安静了下来,由此可知新的鸟巢使雏鸟平静了下来,故答案为
A项。其他选项的信息是故事发展到后期出现的,故排除。
4.B 推理判断题。短文的最后三句描写作者看到巢中的小猫头鹰十分健康、活跃,最令
人喜悦的是它的父母给它觅来了午餐。由此可以推断小猫头鹰今后也将得到其父母的
悉心照料。作者对事件结局的感受通过“the greatest sight”表现出来,与文章第一段中的
“beautiful”相呼应。因此答案应为B项。
Passage 11 (2017课标全国Ⅱ,D) 词数 288
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists,
Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send
out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured
parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture
of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
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Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a
plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the
neighbors react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty.
They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the
attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now
becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The
damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay
safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just
made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was
talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was
exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more
intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole
lot going on.
1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?
A.It makes noises.
B.It gets help from other plants.
C.It stands quietly.
D.It sends out certain chemicals.
2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?
A.The attackers get attacked.
B.The insects gather under the table.
C.The plants get ready to fight back.
D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.
3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .
A.predict natural disasters
B.protect themselves against insects
C.talk to one another intentionally
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D.help their neighbors when necessary
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.The world is changing faster than ever.
B.People have stronger senses than before.
C.The world is more complex than it seems.
D.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为介绍科普知识的说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家所揭示的植物抵御
昆虫袭击和传递信息的奥秘。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知,当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释
放出被称为VOCs的化学物质;由第二段第一句可知,所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这
种反应,故D项正确。植物被攻击时会释放出化学物质,而不是制造噪音,故排除A;释放
出的化学物质是对其他植物的警示,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助,故排除B;根据第一
段首句可排除C项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,某些植物受到攻击时,会释放出某种香味,将攻击者
的天敌吸引过来,由此可知当它们到来时,情况发生了反转,原先享用午餐(侵害树木)的攻
击者将会成为其天敌的午餐,即成为被攻击者,故A项正确。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文章前三段所描述的树木在遭到昆虫袭击后的反应,加之第四段
所介绍的树木的损伤情况和周边树木接到警报后的反应,可以概括出植物能够保护自身
不受昆虫侵害这一点。故正确答案为B。
4.C 推理判断题。最后一段提到,150多年前,达尔文就曾想到生物世界比我们所看到、
听到的更加繁忙,更加吵闹,也更加亲密,我们的感官不够强大,很多东西未被感知到。由
此可推断出,这个世界比其表面看上去更加复杂,故C项正确。
Passage 12 (2017天津,B改编) 词数 359
Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up
a hill for a panoramic(全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I
paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.
Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted
herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate
the view.
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Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I
would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take
just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me
from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that.
Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the
photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the
image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes
because this woman is engaging with it.
This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined”it,
now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is
captured(捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very
private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized(使……永存).
In some ways, she lives in my house.
Perhaps we all live in each other’s spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us
that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection,
for something that is greater than us.
That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women,
separated only by a thin square of glass.
1.What happened when the author was about to take a photo?
A.Her camera stopped working.
B.A woman blocked her view.
C.Someone asked her to leave.
D.A friend approached from behind.
2.In the author’s opinion, what makes the photo so alive?
A.The rich color of the landscape.
B.The perfect positioning of the camera.
C.The woman’s existence in the photo.
D.The soft sunlight that summer day.
3.The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand .
A.the need to be close to nature
B.the importance of private space
第 28 页 共 155 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
C.the joy of the vacation in Italy
D.the shared passion for beauty
4.The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon .
A.a particular life experience
B.the pleasure of traveling
C.the art of photography
D.a lost friendship
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在作者的一次旅途中,作者发现了一个非常值得
拍摄的美景,就在作者即将拍摄之际,镜头中出现了一个“破坏”风景的女人身影。万般
无奈苦苦等待后,这张照片中还是留下了她的身影,却有了意想不到的效果。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “...a woman approached from behind, and planted
herself right in front of my view.”可知,就在“我”即将拍摄之际,一位妇女挡住了“我”
的视线。所以答案为B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “And now when I look at it, I think her presence in
the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow
comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.”可知答案为C项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 “...that we all appreciate beauty, that we all
share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.”可
知答案为D项。A项:接近大自然的需求;B项:私人空间的重要性;C项:在意大利度假的
快乐。这三项与作者提及挂在自己卧室的这张照片没有关联。
4.A 推理判断题。作者在意大利游玩时,拍摄了一张有趣的照片,这张挂在卧室里的照
片让作者有了一些启发。由此推断出作者的启发来自生活中的一次特别的经历,所以答
案为A项。
Passage 13 (2017北京,D)话题:人工智能 难度:中 词数:455
Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer
robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial
intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we
really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of
cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency
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with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that
the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with
living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born,
nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that
the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with
the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by
disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are
not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super
intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the
chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of
computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of
firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real
world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is
secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not
easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent
machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI
researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams
—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just
“switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.
Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous
physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power
in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933,
physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A.run out of human control
B.satisfy human’s real desires
C.command armies of killer robots
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D.work faster than a mathematician
2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might
be able to .
A.prevent themselves from being destroyed
B.achieve their original goals independently
C.do anything successfully with given orders
D.beat humans in international chess matches
3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .
A.help super intelligent machines work better
B.be secure against evil human beings
C.keep machines from being harmed
D.avoid robots’ affecting the world
4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?
A.It will disappear with the development of AI.
B.It will get worse with human interference.
C.It will be solved but with difficulty.
D.It will stay for a decade.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。本文主要讲述了人工智能如果有了某种特定的目标,它便
会不择手段地去生存并去实现自己的目标。如果放任不管,人类也许会失去对人工智能
的控制。解决这个问题虽然是有可能的,但并非易事。
1.A 主旨大意题。根据第一段的第一句和第二句可知,人工智能有可能会超出人类的控
制,Norbert Wiener创立的控制论也说明了这一点。
2.A 推理判断题。由第二段中的“a wish to preserve its own existence”以及“it is a
logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if
it is dead”可以看出,有特定目标的机器会保护自身免受破坏,故选A。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some researchers argue that we can seal the
machines..., using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the
real world.”可以得知,一些研究者认为利用防火墙可防止机器影响到现实世界。
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4.C 细节理解题。由最后一段的首句“Solving the safety problem well enough to move
forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.”可知,很好地解决安全问题并取得进展是
有可能的,但是绝非易事,C项符合文章内容。
高级词块 1.artificial intelligence(AI)人工智能 2.mathematician /ˌmæɵəməˈtɪʃn/n.数学
家 3.seal /siːl/v.密封;封上 4.coexist /ˌkəʊɪɡˈzɪst/v.共存;(尤指)和平共处
Passage 14 (2017江苏,C)
A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging
antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the
resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头)that
deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon,
Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a
crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines
or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are
free(users pay,in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born
giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more
valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected
from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned
into new services:translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet
companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a“God’s eye view”of
activities in their own markets and beyond.
This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like
Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time, one of them would
become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent,
two ideas stand out.
The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century.
When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine
when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资
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产)when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an
established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a
new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.
The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data
and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers
what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could
order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.
Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don’t want a
data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.
1.Why is there a call to break up giants?
A.They have controlled the data market.
B.They collect enormous private data.
C.They no longer provide free services.
D.They dismissed some new-born giants.
2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A.Data giants’ technology is very expensive.
B.Google’s idea is popular among data firms.
C.Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position.
D.Data can be turned into new services or products.
3.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could .
A.kill a new threat
B.avoid the size trap
C.favour bigger firms
D.charge higher prices
4.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?
A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure.
B.Governments could relieve their financial pressure.
C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.
D.Small companies could get more opportunities.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,属于社科类文章。文章说明了人们在受益于大数据的同时,
还成就了一些通过数据发财的商业巨头。为了防止这些巨头控制某一领域和市场,政府
需要采取行动。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“Such situation”可知答案在第一段,第一段
暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场,故答案为A项。
2.C 事实细节题。根据第三段最后两句可知答案是C项。
3.B 事实细节题。根据第五段第二、三句可知选B项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,
故选D项。
Passage 15 (2016课标全国Ⅱ,D)
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism—if
they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them
after a disastrous shipwreck(海难),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of
survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the
damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to
take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the
southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force
a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more
than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole
early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The
Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey,
completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a
film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer
who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914
voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and
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gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most
of which have never before been published.
1.What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?
A.They were made last week.
B.They showed undersea sceneries.
C.They were found by a cameraman.
D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.
2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?
A.Frank Hurley.
B.Ernest Shackleton.
C.Robert Falcon Scott.
D.Caroline Alexander.
3.What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?
A.Artistic creation.
B.Scientific research.
C.Money making.
D.Treasure hunting.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Frank Hurley的照片讲述了那次航行的背景。
1.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可知,Frank Hurley的照片拍摄于1914年到
1916年,大多数是在经历海难后,在没有生存的希望的情况下拍摄的,由此可判断它们记
录了一次海难。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的The journey was intended to achieve more than
what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.以及下句可知,1912年Robert Falcon Scott到达
了南极,而Endurance航行的目的是超越他,但是遭遇了海难,由此可判断Robert Falcon
Scott到达南极的时间更早。
3.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句中的a thoroughly commercial effort可
知,Alexander认为那时的冒险完全是一种商业行为,也就是为了赚钱,因此可判断选C项。
Passage 16 (2016课标全国Ⅲ,C)
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If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to
see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day
itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October
around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To
people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala
in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in
existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of
anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’s Head which is more
of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best
varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with
perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your
conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-
themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately
gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try
visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.
1.What can people do at the apple events?
A.Attend experts’ lectures.
B.Visit fruit-loving families.
C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.
D.Taste many kinds of apples.
2.What can we learn about Decio?
A.It is a new variety.
B.It has a strange look.
C.It is rarely seen now.
D.It has a special taste.
3.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.A practical idea.
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B.A vain hope.
C.A brilliant plan.
D.A selfish desire.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To show how to grow apples.
B.To introduce an apple festival.
C.To help people select apples.
D.To promote apple research.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文,介绍了苹果节的有关情况。在苹果节期间,你可以品尝到各
种苹果。文中还提及了一些特殊的品种和苹果节的一些特色活动。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and
often taste,a wide variety of apples.可知可以品尝到很多品种的苹果。故选D。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of
classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans可知选C。
3.B 猜测词义题。根据you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it可知
种此种苹果不易,故选B。
4.B 推理判断题。通读全文,可以知道作者的目的是介绍苹果节。
Passage 17 (2016课标全国Ⅲ,D)
Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news.
Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that
information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are
discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found
that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media,”says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of
Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you
share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to
think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication—e-mails, Web posts and reviews,
face-to-face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的),
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but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared
more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?To test for
that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news
stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague
analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in
the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He
found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling
with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative
feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be
aroused(激发)one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive
an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new
book,“Contagious:Why Things Catch On.”
1.What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A.News reports.
B.Research papers.
C.Private e-mails.
D.Daily conversations.
2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A.They’re socially inactive.
B.They’re good at telling stories.
C.They’re inconsiderate of others.
D.They’re careful with their words.
3.Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Berger’s research?
A.Sports news.
B.Science articles.
C.Personal accounts.
D.Financial reviews.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B.Online News Attracts More People
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C.Reading Habits Change with the Times
D.Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
答案
[语篇解读] 新闻媒体为了吸引人们的眼球,常常报道不好的消息或悲惨的事情,但是随
着网络的发展情况有了变化。研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传
播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,人们更倾向于传播正能量的文章
等。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Those are the classic rules for the evening
broadcasts and the morning papers. 可知传统规则适用于新闻报道,故答案是A。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知大众媒体只关心是否吸引你的眼球,而不关心你
的感受,但是当你和你的朋友分享故事的时候,你会非常关心你朋友的反应,不希望对方认
为你是一个冷漠的、不体贴的人。C选项符合文意。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话可知科学类的文章比非科学类的文章被写
入邮件的可能性大得多,故B选项正确。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据文章的第一段可知,坏消息传播得更快。如果新闻里有流血事件,
那么这条新闻会成为头版头条,引起人们的注意。但是现在情况发生了变化,研究者通过
追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打
败了坏消息,故D选项正确。
Passage 18 (2016北京,B)
Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan,14,has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Living just a few
blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“It’s the
ocean that makes Rockaway so special,”she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East
Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to
Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many
of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people
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were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to
temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.
Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare
time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water
and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me,”Natalie says, “but I can always
choose how I deal with it.”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.
Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection
when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids:Christopher, who received a new
basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to
bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April,
she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The
streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but
Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”
1.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found .
A.some friends had lost their lives
B.her neighborhood was destroyed
C.her school had moved to Brooklyn
D.the elderly were free from suffering
2.According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?
A.The people helping Rockaway rebuild.
B.The people trapped in high-rise buildings.
C.The volunteers donating money to survivors.
D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.
3.How did Natalie help the survivors?
A.She gave her toys to other kids.
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B.She took care of younger children.
C.She called on the White House to help.
D.She built an information sharing platform.
4.What does the story intend to tell us?
A.Little people can make a big difference.
B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C.East or west, home is best.
D.Technology is power.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。飓风桑迪袭击了Natalie的家乡Rockaway,损失很大,一些
人的援助行为鼓舞了Natalie,她创办了一个网站来帮助家乡的人们。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段开头“...they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知B项
正确。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第四段开头第一句可知帮助Rockaway进行重建的人们鼓舞了
她,包括带来捐赠品的志愿者、帮助他人的邻居以及帮助老人的青少年们,故A项正确。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知Natalie创办了一个网站,发布需要帮助的幸存
者的信息,从而可以让捐赠者们找到捐赠的对象,由此可知她建立了一个信息分享平台,故
D项正确。
4.A 推理判断题。从整篇文章可以得知,Natalie虽然年纪不大,但是她在飓风后家乡的
重建过程中,创办了一个信息分享平台,为他人提供了巨大的帮助,故A项正确。
Passage 19 (2016天津,A)
A Language Programme for Teenagers
Welcome to Teenagers Abroad!We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language
learning.
Our Courses
Regardless of your choice of course, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and
effectively.
Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign
language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas—speaking, listening, reading and writing.
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Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week,
guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning(see table below).
Course Type Days Number of Lessons Course Timetable
Standard Course Mon—Fri 20 lessons 9:00—12:30
20 lessons 9:00—12:30
Intensive Course Mon—Fri
10 lessons 13:00—14:30
Evaluation
Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills.The majority of
them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not
available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.
Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be
more than 15 participants in each class.
Arrivals and Transfer
Our programme offers the full package—students are taken good care of from the start
through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their
accommodation in comfort. We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in
advance.
Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary Requirements
Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which
consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased
by the student individually.
We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information
about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements,
an extra charge may be made for providing special food.
1.How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?
A.It is less effective.
B.It focuses on speaking.
C.It includes extra lessons.
D.It gives you confidence.
2.When can a student attend Standard Course?
A.13:00—14:30 Monday.
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B.9:00—12:30 Tuesday.
C.13:00—14:30 Friday.
D.9:00—12:30 Saturday.
3.Before starting their programme, students are expected to .
A.take a language test
B.have an online interview
C.prepare learning materials
D.report their language levels
4.With the full package, the programme organiser is supposed to .
A.inform students of their full flight details
B.look after students throughout the programme
C.offer students free sightseeing trips
D.collect students’ luggage in advance
5.Which of the following may require an extra payment?
A.Cooked dinner.
B.Mealtime dessert.
C.Packed lunch.
D.Special diet.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为应用文,题材为广告类。文章介绍了一家名为“Teenagers Abroad”的
语言培训机构为青少年开办的短期培训课程的相关情况。
1.C 细节理解题。由Our Courses部分中的“Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard
Course, with 10 additional lessons per week”可知,Intensive Course是在Standard Course的
基础上,每周额外增加10节课。故答案为C。
2.B 细节理解题。由表格中的Standard Course一行的信息可知,B项正确。
3.A 细节理解题。由Evaluation部分中的“The majority of them take an online language
test before starting their programme.”可知,大多数参训的学生在开始培训前要进行一次在
线语言测试,故选A。
4.B 推理判断题。由Arrivals and Transfer部分的首句可推知,课程的组织者应该自始至
终照看好学员,故选B。
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5.D 推理判断题。由最后一句“...an extra charge may be made for providing special
food.”可推知,对于所提供的特殊饮食,需要加收额外的费用。故选D。
Passage 20 (2016江苏,C)
El Niño, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fishermen
who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced
the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Niño sees warm water, collected over
several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow
westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more
from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Niño in 1997-98
helped America’s economy grow by$15 billion, partly because of better agricultural
harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes
in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east
Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Niño may relieve the
drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Niño, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage
worth$36 billion around the globe. But such Niños come with months of warning, and so
much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the
Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the
past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding
afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on
reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better
sewers(下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of
bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and
medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil
conflict is related to El Niño’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the
link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for
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disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and
wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters
linked to El Niño, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
1.What can we learn about El Niño in Paragraph 1?
A.It is named after a South American fisherman.
B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
2.What may El Niños bring about to the countries affected?
A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C.Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.
D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .
A.more investment should go to risk reduction
B.governments of poor countries need more aid
C.victims of El Niño deserve more compensation
D.recovery and reconstruction should come first
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A.To introduce El Niño and its origin.
B.To explain the consequences of El Niño.
C.To show ways of fighting against El Niño.
D.To urge people to prepare for El Niño.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象名称的由来、发生的时间、
造成的影响,督促人们加强风险前资金的投入,改进基础设施,为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好
准备。
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的El Niño sees warm water, collected over several
years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards
weaken, or sometimes the other way round.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了大海中水流方向的变
化。故选D。
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2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on
balance, than they lose.可知总的来说富裕国家收获的比失去的多,故C项正确。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第三句According to the Overseas Development
Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone
on reducing risks in advance...可知在过去二十年里仅有12%的灾难救济资金用于提前降
低风险,因此第四段旨在说明应该投入更多的资金来降低风险。
4.D 主旨大意题。综合全文内容并结合文章最后一段可知本文旨在督促人们为厄尔尼
诺现象做好准备。
Passage 21 (2016江苏,D)
Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to
become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was
just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future. However, one person wanted to
change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and
was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. Her times were not exactly
impressive, but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other
coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to
offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions. Their cooperation quickly
produced results, and a few years later at Jamaica’s Olympic trials in early 2008, Shelly-Ann,
who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of
the sprint(短跑).
“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she
must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear
again without signs. But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder.
At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently
by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold. She did it
again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin, becoming world champion with a
time of 10.73—the fourth fastest time ever.
Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come
about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but
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smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities
known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with
her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a
really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann’s friends and family were
caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from
where she lived. Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. She ran at the school
championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a
family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in
Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby.Maxime’s early entry into the adult world
with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in
Waterhouse’s roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-
Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.
It didn’t take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse.
On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment
finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty,
surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.
But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in
Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets
stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply
disappeared for a few days. “I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She
plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in
Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to
fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.
As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions aren’t made in gyms. Champions are made from
something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.”One of the things Shelly-
Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.
1. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?
A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.
B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.
C.She had big problems maintaining her performance.
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D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.
2.What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?
A.She would become a promising star.
B.She badly needed to set higher goals.
C.Her sprinting career would not last long.
D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all.
3.What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?
A.Her success and lessons in her career.
B.Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit.
C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.
D.Her early entrance into the sprinting world.
4.What can we infer from Shelly-Ann’s statement underlined in Paragraph 5?
A.She was highly rewarded for her efforts.
B.She was eager to do more for her country.
C.She became an athletic star in her country.
D.She was the envy of the whole community.
5.By mentioning Muhammad Ali’s words, the author intends to tell us that .
A.players should be highly inspired by coaches
B.great athletes need to concentrate on patience
C.hard work is necessary in one’s achievements
D.motivation allows great athletes to be on the top
6.What is the best title for the passage?
A.The Making of a Great Athlete
B.The Dream for Championship
C.The Key to High Performance
D.The Power of Full Responsibility
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了在北京奥运会上获得
女子100米短跑金牌的牙买加运动员Shelly-Ann的奋斗故事,也给那些想取得成功的人
一个启示:要有渴望、有梦想、有愿景。
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1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的描述可知,从她身上教练看到了一个伟大成功的开始,
看到了她身上有东西可以被开发出来,尽管这些东西被其他教练忽视了。由此推断出这
位教练决定训练Shelly-Ann是因为他看到了Ann身上的那股巨大潜力。故答案为B项。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的描述:她就是那种偶尔出名一次的人(one-hit),会在毫
无征兆的情况下又销声匿迹了(disappear again without signs)可知答案为C项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的描述:她下决心不会让她的孩子在Waterhouse一直
过这种贫穷的生活可知答案为C项。
4.B 推理判断题。本段描述:Shelly-Ann在北京奥运会获得金牌后她那个充满凶杀和暴
力的家乡也一下子安静了好几天。她说:我有很多能量为我的祖国去燃烧,由此推断出她
说这句话的目的就是想为自己的国家做更多的贡献,所以答案为B项。
5.D 推理判断题。拳王阿里说:冠军不是产生于体育馆,是产生于自己内心的某种东西。
要有渴望、有梦想、有愿景。由此推断出阿里认为做一件事的动机会让运动员达到巅
峰。故答案为D项。
6.A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是一位教练如何发现了Shelly-Ann并把她培养成世界
冠军的历程。所以答案为A项:一个伟大运动员的形成。
Passage 22 (2016天津,B)
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As
he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize
that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps
can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the
last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working
toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became
a “vo-tech”student(技校学生). They’re called“motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him“motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good
kid,” I wanted to say.“And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear
dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).
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But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in
clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when
I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $ 800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said
Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件) from a junkyard, and
ability from vo-tech classes. The cost was $ 25 instead of $800.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-
toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own
relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics,
and architects need builders. Most importantly, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones
in footsteps or anywhere else.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
1.What used to be the author’s hope for his son?
A.To avoid becoming his clone.
B.To resemble him in appearance.
C.To develop in a different direction.
D.To reach the author’s unachieved goals.
2.What can we learn about the author’s children?
A.His daughter does better in school.
B.His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C.His son tried hard to finish homework.
D.His son couldn’t write his book reports.
3.The author let his son repair the car because he believed that .
A.his son had the ability to fix it
B.it would save him much time
C.it wouldn’t cause him any more loss
D.other motorheads would come to help
4.In the author’s eyes, motorheads are .
A.tidy and hard-working
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B.cheerful and smart
C.lazy but bright
D.relaxed but rude
5.What did the author realize in the end?
A.It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B.It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C.Architects play a more important role than builders.
D.Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为教育类。每一个人都希望自己的儿子和自己一
样,不是在容貌上,而是在人生的足迹上。作者通过自己儿子的成长经历意识到,做父亲的
全然不需要让儿子变成另一个自己。
1.D 推理判断题。由首段“As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more
unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably
accomplish what you hoped for.”可推断出作者原来一直希望儿子能跟随自己的脚步来实
现自己未实现的目标,故答案为D项。
2.A 推理判断题。由第二段“Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports
weren’t written until the final threat.”可排除C项(他儿子努力完成作业);文中并未提及他
的儿子不会写读书报告,故排除D项;根据第三段“...working toward her master’s degree”,
可排除B项(已经获得硕士学位);根据第二段对儿子的介绍(他儿子不爱学习,功课不好),
对照第三段“My daughter is a university graduate...”可推知她的女儿上学功课很好,故答
案为A项。
3.C 细节理解题。由第六段尾句“I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to
lose.”(我对此感到怀疑,但还是让他去做了,因为我没有任何损失。)可知选C项(那不会
给他造成更多损失)。
4.B 观点态度题。由倒数第三段“They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed
world. And their minds are bright despite...”可知答案为B项(cheerful and smart)。
5.A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段尾句“Most importantly, I have learned that fathers don’t
need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.”(最重要的是,我意识到为人之父不必将自己的
事业或者其他东西得以继承。)及文章最后一句可知选A项。
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[高级词块] honor rolls光荣榜
[长难句] You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably
accomplish what you hoped for.你开始意识到你的儿子跟随你的脚步很可能会完成你
希望做的事情。
that引导宾语从句,作动词realize的宾语;what引导宾语从句,作动词accomplish的宾语;in
your footsteps为插入语。
Passage 23 (2016北京,D)
Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and
the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of
adolescence,during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult
responsibilities.
For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and
support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two
decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell
phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to
help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter
of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that
they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of
exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking
about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe
spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority
views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群
体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If
students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are
not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
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Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against
another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders. If
acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or
aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are
reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national
emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy
and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be
replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include
recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the
necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.
1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?
A.Sympathetic.
B.Disapproving.
C.Supportive.
D.Neutral.
2.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means .
A.change
B.choice
C.text
D.extension
3.According to the author, what role should college play?
A.To develop a shared identity among students.
B.To define and regulate students’ social behavior.
C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.
D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.
4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
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I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)
C:Conclusion
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是议论文,题材为学校教育类。大学时期应该是学生成长的一个重要
时期,学生应在这段时期学会独立和发现。但是现在的大学时期却成了青春期的延续,大
学没有教给学生独立,也没有让学生学会发现。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段可知,作者不赞同大学生继续接受父母的指导。
sympathetic同情的;disapproving不赞成的,不同意的;supportive支持的;neutral中立的。
2.A 猜测词义题。根据语境可知此处表达的是“大学时期是一个从家庭庇护到独立和
承担成人责任的转化时期”,所以答案为A项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知答案为D项。
4.C 推理判断题。文章第一段引入主题,第二段描述了大学时期是怎样变成青春期的延
续的,第三段提出如何解决这一问题,第四段和第五段提出了解决这个问题的原因,最后进
行总结。故选C项。
[高级词块] a sense of belonging归属感
[长难句] Every college discussion about community values, social climate and
behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student
autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-
discovery.大学里有关团体价值观、社会风气和行为的每一项讨论都应该包含对学生自
主和自我管理发展重要性的认识,包含对安全和自我发现之间必要矛盾的认识。
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本句为简单句,其主干为Every college discussion should include recognition,三个of短
语作定语。
题组二
Passage 1 (2015课标全国Ⅰ,B)
The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,so when
the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota,Florida,my bags were packed before you could
say“sunshine”.I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C),thinking of beaches and
orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air,I sent up a small prayer of
gratefulness.Swimming pools,wine tasting,and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours,not 4 in
the afternoon)filled the weekend,but the best part—particularly to my taste,dulled by months
of cold-weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that
proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.
The market,which was founded in 1979,sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m.to 1
p.m.,rain or shine,along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries;the
red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck;and most of all,the
tomatoes:amazing,large,soft and round red tomatoes.
Disappointed by many a broken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,I’ve refused to buy winter
tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home
they’re unfailingly dry,hard,and tasteless.But I homed in,with uncertainty,on one particular
table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand,full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my
fist.These were the real deal—and at that moment,I realized that the best part of Sarasota in
winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing
again for months.
Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepened when I learned that
Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the
Sarasota Ritz Carlton,where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very
night.Without even seeing the menu,I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.
1.What did the author think of her winter life in New York?
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A.Exciting. B.Boring.
C.Relaxing. D.Annoying.
2.What made the author’s getting up early worthwhile?
A.Having a swim.
B.Breathing in fresh air.
C.Walking in the morning sun.
D.Visiting a local farmers’ market.
3.What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?
A.They are soft.
B.They look nice.
C.They taste great.
D.They are juicy.
4.What was the author going to do that evening?
A.Go to a farm.
B.Check into a hotel.
C.Eat in a restaurant.
D.Buy fresh vegetables.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是个人经历。纽约寒冷的冬天很是无趣,所以当有机会
去佛罗里达州的Sarasota过周末时,我马上就收拾好行李出发了。在那里的经历真是让
人回味无穷,在那里还见到了与纽约不一样的西红柿。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun
place to spend time this winter...可以看出作者认为寒冷的东北地区是一个无趣的地方,故
B项正确。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句...was a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers’
market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.可知,作者认为Sarasota农
场之行使得早起非常值得。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句No matter how attractive they look in the store...可
以看出纽约冬天出售的西红柿看起来很吸引人,故B项正确。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的...a newly opened restaurant...where—luckily for me
—I was planning to have dinner that very night.可知作者打算在那天晚上去饭店美餐一顿。
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Passage 2 (2015课标全国Ⅰ,D)
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening,as on every Thursday
night,psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes,coffee
drinking and the“talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It
isn’t always easy.The customers—some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2(plus
drinks)per session—are quick to intellectualize(高谈阔论),slow to open up and connect.“You
are forbidden to say‘one feels,’or‘people think’,”Lehanne told them.“Say ‘I think,’‘Think
me’.”
A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed?It couldn’t seem more un-French.But
Lehanne’s psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself:It’s trying to help the city’s
troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in
the French lifestyle—longer working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger generation’s
desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the
situation.Cafes focused around psychology,history,and engineering are catching on,filling
tables well into the evening.
The city’s“psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort,are among the most popular
places.Middle-aged homemakers,retirees,and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk
about love,anger,and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne’s group just to
learn to say what they feel.“There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,”says Maurice
Frisch,a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People
have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology
cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn’t exist,”she says.“If life
weren’t a battle,people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldn’t be
France.
1.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?
A.Learn a new subject.
B.Keep in touch with friends.
C.Show off their knowledge.
D.Express their true feelings.
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2.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A.They are less frequently visited.
B.They stay open for longer hours.
C.They have bigger night crowds.
D.They start to serve fast food.
3.What are theme cafes expected to do?
A.Create more jobs.
B.Supply better drinks.
C.Save the cafe business.
D.Serve the neighborhood.
4.Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A.They bring people true friendship.
B.They give people spiritual support.
C.They help people realize their dreams.
D.They offer a platform for business links.
答案
[语篇解读] 心理学家Lehanne开设了一家主题咖啡店,在这里顾客可以敞开心扉,自由
表达自己的真实情感。她希望把自己的咖啡店推广到整个法国,因为法国人需要这样的
“心理咖啡店”。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true
feelings.以及本段最后一句Lehanne所说的话中“Say‘I think,’‘Think me’.”可以看出
Lehanne鼓励来咖啡店的顾客表达自己的真实情感。故D项符合文章内容。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to
changes in the French lifestyle—longer working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger
generation’s desire to spend more time at home.可知,这些年以来,巴黎的咖啡店都成为法国
人的生活方式发生改变的受害者,如法国人工作时间变长,非常喜欢快餐,年轻一代更渴望
待在家里面(而不愿去咖啡店)。故A项符合文章内容。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change
the situation.可知,许多新的主题咖啡店的出现是为了改变法国咖啡店的现状,故C项正确。
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4.B 推理判断题。最后一段指出中年家庭主妇、退休人员、失业人员会到这样的“心
理咖啡店”向心理学家畅谈自己的爱情、愤怒和梦想,“心理咖啡店”会给他们巨大的安
慰,因而是最受欢迎的地方之一。故B项符合文章意思。
Passage 3 (2015课标全国Ⅱ,C)
More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to
university.It used to be called the“year off”between school and university.The gap-year
phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between
entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.
This year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put
off their entry until next year,according to statistics on university entrance provided by the
University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year.Tony Higgins
from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students
who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with,and complete,their
chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,”he said.
But not everyone is happy.Owain James,the president of the National Union of
Students(NUS),argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are
being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now
aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.It is not surprising that
more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the
degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and
the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,”he said.
1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
A.It is flexible in length.
B.It is a time for relaxation.
C.It is increasingly popular.
D.It is required by universities.
2.According to Tony Higgins,students taking a gap year .
A.are better prepared for college studies
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B.know a lot more about their future jobs
C.are more likely to leave university in debt
D.have a better chance to enter top universities
3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?
A.He’s puzzled.
B.He’s worried.
C.He’s surprised.
D.He’s annoyed.
4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A.Attend additional courses.
B.Make plans for the new term.
C.Earn money for their education.
D.Prepare for their graduate studies.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是在间隔
年期间赚取上大学的费用的现象。
1.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话和第三段第一句话可知,越来越多的学生在
被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是选择经历一个间隔年。故选C。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Tony Higgins认为学生经历间隔年可以为未来的大
学教育做充分的准备,使他们变得更成熟和更有责任感。故选A。
3.B 推理判断题。在第四段中出现了evidence of student hardship,being forced into
earning money,are forced to work等体现Owain James观点倾向的词语。由此可判断他对
间隔年这一现象表示担忧。
4.C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知绝大部分学生在假期通过打工挣学费。故选
C。
Passage 4 (2015天津,D)
Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk,I went to a friend.He looked at
me for a moment,and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had:Be bold
and brave—and mighty(强大的)forces will come to your aid.
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Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past,it was seldom
because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from
trying at all.On the other hand,whenever I had plunged into deep water,forced by courage or
circumstance,I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.
Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat.And there is
nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we
possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideas—even physical strength greater than most
of us realize.
Admittedly,those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical
ones.A college classmate of mine,Tim,was an excellent football player,even though he
weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting
a huge player,who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,”said Tim.“I was so
frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)
—and stopped him cold.”
Boldness—a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired
overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds
up.Surely,there will be setbacks(挫折)and disappointments in life;boldness in itself is no
guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than
the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.
So,always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are
greater than you ever dreamed.
1.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?
A.He faced huge risks.
B.He lacked mighty forces.
C.Fear prevented him from trying.
D.Failure blocked his way to success.
2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?
A.Swallow more than you can digest.
B.Act slightly above your abilities.
C.Develop more mysterious powers.
D.Learn to make creative decisions.
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3.What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?
A.His physical strength.
B.His basic skill.
C.His real fear.
D.His spiritual force.
4.What can be learned from Paragraph 5?
A.Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.
B.Trying without success is meaningless.
C.Repeated failure creates a better life.
D.Boldness can be gained little by little.
5.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A.To encourage people to be courageous.
B.To advise people to build up physical power.
C.To tell people the ways to guarantee success.
D.To recommend people to develop more abilities.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为人生哲理。作者通过朋友的建议告诉读者,要勇
敢地去尝试自己没有把握的事情,即便是失败也比从未尝试过要好很多。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop
me from trying at all.可知,作者过去没有实现目标通常都是因为害怕失败而没有去尝试,
故选C项。
2.B 猜测词义题。根据本段下文内容可知,我们都有比自己意识到的更大的潜在力量,
甚至包括体力,由此可推断出此处指“要做略微超出你的能力的事情”。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段首句可知那些强大的力量是精神力量。Tim成功防
守就是源自精神力量,他的身体条件不及普通运动员。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话“Boldness...is not one that can be acquired
overnight.”可知,勇敢无畏不能在一夜之间就被培养出来,D项意为“勇敢无畏可以逐渐
得到”,符合该段段意。
5.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,作者建议读者去尝试略微超出自己的能力的
事情,这样就会发现自己的能力比想象中的还大。由此可判断出A项正确。
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Passage 5 (2015天津,C)
One day when I was 12,my mother gave me an order:I was to walk to the public
library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to
defeat my strange problem—inability to read.
In the library,I found my way into the“Children’s Room”.I sat down on the floor and pulled a
few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of
a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,the first and only animal companion I ever had as a
child.He was my secret sharer,but one morning,he was gone,given away to someone who had
the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle.
There on the book’s cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的)to my dog.I ran my
fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title,Amos,the Beagle
with a Plan.Unknowingly,I had read the title.Without opening the book,I borrowed it from the
library for the summer.
Under the shade of a bush,I started to read about Amos.I read very,very slowly with
difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly,I got the main idea of the story about a dog
who,like mine,had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back
home.That dog was my dog,and I was the little boy in the book.At the end of the story,my
mind continued the final scene of reunion,on and on,until my own lost dog and I were,in my
mind,running together.
My mother’s call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something:I had read a
book,and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I could not read.But I had read
it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.
I never told my mother about my“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experience that summer,but she saw
a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And
years later,she was proud that her son had read thousands of books,was awarded a PhD in
literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.The power of the words has
held.
1.The author’s mother told him to borrow a book in order to .
A.encourage him to do more walking
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B.let him spend a meaningful summer
C.help cure him of his reading problem
D.make him learn more about weapons
2.The book caught the author’s eye because .
A.it contained pretty pictures of animals
B.it reminded him of his own dog
C.he found its title easy to understand
D.he liked children’s stories very much
3.Why could the author manage to read the book through?
A.He was forced by his mother to read it.
B.He identified with the story in the book.
C.The book told the story of his pet dog.
D.The happy ending of the story attracted him.
4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.The author has become a successful writer.
B.The author’s mother read the same book.
C.The author’s mother rewarded him with books.
D.The author has had happy summers ever since.
5.Which one could be the best title of the passage?
A.The Charm of a Book
B.Mum’s Strict Order
C.Reunion with My Beagle
D.My Passion for Reading
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。12岁时,作者的妈妈为了解决作者不能
阅读的问题,要求作者那年夏天去图书馆至少借一本书。但就是这次图书馆之行改变了
作者,之后作者读书越来越多,成绩越来越好,多年后取得了让妈妈感到骄傲的成就。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者的妈妈让作者去图书馆至少借一本书,
这是她解决作者阅读问题的武器,故C项正确。
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2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,图书封面上的小猎兔狗吸引了作者,这让他想起了
自己曾经养过的一只小猎兔狗,他们亲密无间,作者把自己的秘密与它分享,但后来这只小
猎兔狗被送给了他人,作者一直挂念着它。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段可知,作者读了这本书,因为他认为书中讲到的故事和自
己的经历相似,他认为书中的小猎兔狗就是他自己养过的那只小猎兔狗,想象着和它重逢
的场面。由此可判断出作者能把这本书看完,就是因为他和书中的故事产生了共鸣。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“...was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his
own books,articles,poetry and fiction.”可知,作者被授予文学博士学位,写了很多自己的书、
文章、诗歌以及小说,故A项“他成了一名成功的作家”正确。
5.A 主旨大意题。通过作者的经历可以得知,一本封面上有小猎兔狗的书改变了他的一
生,故A项“一本书的魅力”符合文章大意。
Passage 6 (2015重庆,E)
The values of artistic works,according to cultural relativism(相对主义),are simply
reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view,however,fails to explain the
ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.
History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major
language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls,as
Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from
today’s popular art,even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart
in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
In a 1757 essay,the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of
taste are uniform(不变的)in human nature”,the value of some works of art might be
essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand
years.Works of this type,he believed,spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature
and could continue to exist over centuries.
Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For
example,evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting
themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to
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experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by
a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.
1.According to the passage,what do we know about cultural relativism?
A.It introduces different cultural values.
B.It explains the history of artistic works.
C.It relates artistic values to local conditions.
D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.
2.In Paragraph 2,the artists are mentioned in order to show that .
A.great works of art can go beyond national boundaries
B.history gives art works special appeal to set them apart
C.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts
D.great artists are skilled at combining various cultures
3.According to Hume,some works of art can exist for centuries because .
A.they are results of scientific study
B.they establish some general principles of art
C.they are created by the world’s greatest artists
D.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature
4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A.Are Artistic Values Universal?
B.Are Popular Arts Permanent?
C.Is Human Nature Uniform?
D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为历史文化类。艺术作品的价值是什么?根据文化相对
主义的观点,这些作品就是当地社会和经济状况的反应。但这种观点与跨文化交流和跨
世纪流传的事实相悖,一位伟大的艺术家的创作就如同一位伟大的科学家的发现一样,是
永恒的。
1.C 推理判断题。文章第一段第一句话对文化相对主义进行描述:艺术作品的价值就是
当地社会和经济状况的反应。由此可以推断出:文化相对主义把艺术作品的价值与当地
的状况联系在了一起。故选C项。
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2.A 推理判断题。第二段作者提到了莎士比亚、莫扎特以及一个日本画家,他们的作品
在历史长河中跨越了国界。由此推断出作者提及这些艺术家是为了表明伟大的艺术作
品会超越国界的限制,故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推断选D项。
4.A 主旨大意题。本文围绕艺术作品的价值展开了讨论,作者以实际例子说明了艺术作
品的价值是跨文化、跨世纪的。故选A项。
Passage 7 (2015浙江,C)
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in
darkness happily,the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜
间活动的)species on this planet.Instead,we are diurnal creatures,with eyes adapted to living
in the sun’s light.This is a basic evolutionary fact,even though most of us don’t think of
ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the
night:We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—
whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result
of bad lighting design,which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the
sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light
levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life,including ourselves,have
adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world,some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars,leaving behind a vacant
haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the
original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth
—is wholly beyond our experience,beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country,when nothing could be further from
the truth.Among mammals alone,the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a
powerful biological force,and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁).The effect is so
powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being“captured”by searchlights on
land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night,birds tend to
collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
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Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a
million times brighter than normal,throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of
joint,including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light
pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures,we do need darkness. Darkness is as
essential to our biological welfare,to our internal clockwork,as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and
cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real
sense,light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe,to forget the scale
of our being,which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky
Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.
1.According to the passage,human beings .
A.prefer to live in the darkness
B.are used to living in the day light
C.were curious about the midnight world
D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon
2.What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably refer to?
A.The night.
B.The moon.
C.The sky.
D.The planet.
3.The writer mentions birds and frogs to .
A.provide examples of animal protection
B.show how light pollution affects animals
C.compare the living habits of both species
D.explain why the number of certain species has declined
4.It is implied in the last paragraph that .
A.light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C.human beings cannot go to the outer space
D.human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
5.What might be the best title for the passage?
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A.The Magic Light.
B.The Orange Haze.
C.The Disappearing Night.
D.The Rhythms of Nature.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。人类的眼睛习惯了阳光下的生活,所以
作者认为人类属于日间活动的物种。但是晚上的灯光造成了光污染,这对人类自身、对
动物等都是不利的。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Instead,we are diurnal creatures...”可以得知,人类
日间活动,眼睛习惯了阳光下的生活,B项与文章内容一致。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,把人类归为日间活动的物种才可以解释人
类在晚上所做的事情,也就是使夜晚充满灯光,由此可知it指代the night。
3.B 推理判断题。第四段和第五段提到了光污染对鸟类和青蛙的影响。光是一种强大
的生物力量,对许多物种来说它就像磁铁一样。鸟类无法逃脱陆地上的探照灯和海洋油
井平台上的灯光,而且还可能会撞上有光的建筑。青蛙因为光污染而放弃了某些行为,如
晚上用叫声来吸引异性的繁殖行为。概括这两段可知,作者以此来说明光污染确实影响
到了动物。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“...light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true
place in the universe,to forget the scale of our being...”可知,光污染让我们看不到自己在宇
宙中真正的位置,由此作者暗示人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的位置。
5.C 主旨大意题。概括全文可知,由于光污染,夜晚被照得通亮,这对人类自己、对其他
生物都是有害的,因而“消失的夜晚”可以概括文章大意。
Passage 8 (2015四川,B)
Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on disability for a bad back,he bought a small
farm in the country,just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables,fruit trees
and even kept bees for honey.
And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin’s chicken house in exchange for manure(肥
料).The smell really burned the inside of your nose.When we complained about the terrible
smell,Dad said the stronger the manure,the healthier the crops,and he was right.For
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example,just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell,and the taste
was even sweeter.
As the vegetables started coming in,Dad threw himself into cooking.One day,armed with a
basket of vegetables,he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a
pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages,eggplants,potatoes,corns,onions and carrots.For
about half an hour,the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally,Dad turned off the
stove,the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we
thought Dad’s pile of chicken manure was bad,this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off
the lid,the smell nearly knocked us out.
Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad
was it?The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!
Determined,Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didn’t look
that bad,and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell,it didn’t offend the nose
so much,either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition,but it was
surprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup!
1.Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgin’s chicken house regularly?
A.To earn some money for the family.
B.To collect manure for his crops.
C.To get rid of the terrible smell.
D.To set a good example to us.
2.What can we infer about Dad’s stew?
A.It is popular among the neighbors.
B.It contains honey and vegetables.
C.It looks very wonderful.
D.It tastes quite delicious.
3.What does the underlined word“offend”in the last paragraph mean?
A.To attract.
B.To upset.
C.To air.
D.To shut.
4.What can we learn about Dad from the text?
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A.He is an experienced cook.
B.He is a troublesome father.
C.He has a positive attitude to life.
D.He suffers a lot from his disability.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为日常生活类。作者的爸爸患上背疾之后,仍然不断尝
试新事物。他买了个小农场种蔬菜、果树甚至养蜜蜂。为了让蔬菜长得更好,他用臭烘
烘的鸡粪作肥料。后来他又开始做菜,他做的菜虽然也是臭气熏天的,邻居闻到了都以为
是我们家煤气泄露了,但是菜的味道还是不错的。
1.B 细节理解题。由文章第二段第一句And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgin’s
chicken house in exchange for manure.可知爸爸是为了收集肥料。
2.D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“but it was surprisingly edible,and we drank up every
last drop of soup!”可知爸爸的炖菜是非常美味的,故选D。
3.B 猜测词义题。文章最后一段第二句 It didn’t look that bad,...,it didn’t offend the nose
so much,either.表示“它看起来没有那么糟糕,……,也没有让我的鼻子很难受”。由look
that bad 可以推出offend the nose表示使鼻子难受,故选To upset。attract吸引;air使……
通风;shut关上。
4.C 推理判断题。根据全文可知爸爸不断地尝试各种新鲜事物,因此可推知爸爸对生活
有积极乐观的态度。
Passage 9 (2015陕西,C)
The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but,unfortunately,full-sun
production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how
coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very
existence of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.
On a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds
and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物
种)that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest
home.As a result,many species are quickly dying out.
On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also
threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests’ plant and animal
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life,and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for
certain diseases.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water
locally,and eventually the world’s groundwater.
Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could
mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a
slight change in the world’s climate,and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also
leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are
contributing to acidic(酸性的)soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local
environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade-
grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and
mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
1.What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?
A.It limits the spread of new growing techniques.
B.It leads to air pollution and global warming.
C.It slows down the loss of shade trees.
D.It improves local soil conditions.
2.The purpose of the text is to .
A.entertain B.advertise
C.instruct D.persuade
3.Where does this text probably come from?
A.An agricultural magazine.
B.A medical journal.
C.An engineering textbook.
D.A tourist guide.
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
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(P:Paragraph)
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。主要介绍了full-sun coffee production对
人类生活和环境造成的影响。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句话可知,full-sun coffee production造成了空气污染
和温室效应。故选B。
2.D 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段可知,作者写这篇文章主要是为了地球和人类的未
来,劝说大家购买shade-grown coffee,故选D。
3.A 推理判断题。本文主要探讨了full-sun coffee production对环境等造成的影响,与农
业有关。故选A。
4.A 推理判断题。文章第一段提出full-sun production造成的破坏,接下来的三个段落
分别从“On a local level”“On a more global level”和“Both locally and globally”三个层面
进行了论述,最后一段对全文进行总结并号召大家购买shade-grown coffee,故选A。
[评析 本题考查考生对文章结构的分析能力。抓住段落主题句和线索提示词是解决此
类问题的主要方法。通读全文,容易发现每一段的首句都提示了段落的主题。通过梳理
它们之间的关系可确定正确答案。
Passage 10 (2015江苏,C)
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have
volunteers to help with the organization’s activities.To do so,it should help to understand why
people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several
factors that motivate people to get involved.For example,people volunteer to express personal
values related to unselfishness,to expand their range of experiences,and to strengthen social
relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs,people may not wish to
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participate.To select volunteers,you may need to understand the motivations of the people you
wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community
service,some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately,these
programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor(e.g.,“I volunteer
because it’s important to me”)to an external factor(e.g.,“I volunteer because I’m required to
do so”).When that happens,people become less likely to volunteer in the future.People must
be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer,what leads them to remain in their positions over time?To
answer this question,researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track
volunteers over time.For instance,one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a
year.One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the
amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.Although this result may not
surprise you,it leads to important practical advice.The researchers note that attention should
be given to“training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or
provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in
the degree to which people view“volunteer”as an important social role.It was assumed that
those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would
also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participants indicated the degree to which the
social role mattered by responding to statements such as“Volunteering in Hospital is an
important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers’ expectations,they found a
positive correlation(正相关)between the strength of role identity and the length of time
people continued to volunteer.These results,once again,lead to concrete advice:“Once an
individual begins volunteering,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role
identity...Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their
contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
1.People volunteer mainly out of .
A.academic requirements
B.social expectations
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C.financial rewards
D.internal needs
2.What can we learn from the Florida study?
A.Follow-up studies should last for one year.
B.Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C.Strategy training is a must in research.
D.Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
3.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
A.Individual differences in role identity.
B.Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C.Role identity as a volunteer.
D.Practical advice from researchers.
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A.How to Get People to Volunteer
B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C.How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest
D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类,内容是分析影响志愿者参与志愿者活动
并坚持下去的原因。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句To select volunteers,you may need to understand
the motivations of the people you wish to attract.和第三段第三句...shift people’s wish of
participation from an internal factor...to an external factor...可知,人们做志愿者主要是出于
内在的动机,即内在需求,故选D项。
2.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句...attention should be given to“training
methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with
strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.可知,志愿者“必须做好心理上
的准备”,故选B项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中people view“volunteer”as an important social role
以及第二句中those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal
identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work可知,这些人们把志愿者身份
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看作是一种重要的社会角色,并且最有可能激励志愿者继续工作的就是这种role
identity。故选C项。
4.A 主旨大意题。本文分析了人们参与并坚持志愿者活动的原因,所以“如何让人们参
与志愿者活动”是最好的标题,故选A项。
[高级词块]
1.motivate sb. to do sth. 促动、激发某人做某事
2.shift...to...把……变成……
3.make...a must使……成为必不可少的事物
[长难句
原句:The researchers note that attention should be given to“training methods that
would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for
coping with the problem they do experience”.
译文:研究人员注意到应该注意让志愿者对棘手的局面有充分准备,或者给他们提供用来
处理他们确实会遇到的问题的策略的训练方法。
分析:本句为主从复合句。note后是一个that引导的宾语从句;methods后是that引导的
定语从句。prepare...与provide...为并列谓语。
Passage 11 (2015湖南,C)
Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly?Imagine
having your entire house,garage,and yard inspected at any time—with no warning.Inspections
were a regular part of lighthouse(灯塔)living,and a keeper’s reputation depended on the
results.A few times each year,an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station.The
inspections were supposed to be a surprise,but keepers sometimes had advance notice.
Once lighthouses had telephones,keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was
approaching.After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard,the
keeper’s family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first.As soon as someone
spotted the boat,everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.The
keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap.Children of keepers remember
inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking
for dust.
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Despite the serious nature of inspections,they resulted in some funny moments.Betty Byrnes
remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.At
the time,people did not have dishwashers in their homes.In an effort to clean up
quickly,Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan,covered them with a cloth,and
stuck them in the oven.If the inspector opened the oven door,it would look like bread was
baking.He never did.
One day,Glenn Furst’s mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered
their house.Like floor wax,the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood.This
time,though,she used a little too much oil.When the inspector extended his hand to greet
Glenn’s mother,he slipped on the freshly oiled surface.“He came across that floor waving his
arms like a young bird attempting its first flight,”Glenn later wrote.After he steadied
himself,he shook Glenn’s mother’s hand,and the inspection continued as though nothing had
happened.
1.What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?
A.It was carried out once a year.
B.It was often announced in advance.
C.It was important for the keeper’s fame.
D.It was focused on the garage and yard.
2.The family began making preparations immediately after .
A.one of the members saw the boat
B.a warning call reached the lighthouse
C.the keeper put on the dress uniform and cap
D.the inspector flew special flags in the distance
3.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would .
A.result in some fun
B.speed up washing them
C.make her home look tidy
D.be a demand from the inspector
4.If the inspector had opened the oven door,he would have seen .
A.an empty pan
B.many clean dishes
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C.pieces of baked bread
D.a cloth covering something
5.The inspector waved his arms .
A.to try his best to keep steady
B.to show his satisfaction with the floor
C.to extend a warm greeting to Glenn’s mother
D.to express his intention to continue the inspection
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为社会生活类。对于灯塔管理员来说,接受各种出其不
意的检查已经成为他们的家常便饭。那么,他们是如何应对这种检查的呢?
1.C 细节理解题。从第一段第三句“Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse(灯
塔)living,and a keeper’s reputation depended on the results.”可知C项正确。
2.A 细节理解题。 从第二段第三句“As soon as someone spotted the boat,everyone
would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.”可知A项正确。
3.C 推理判断题。由第三段第二句“Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not
have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.”和第四句“In an effort to clean up
quickly,Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan,covered them with a cloth,and
stuck them in the oven.”可以推断出答案为C。
4.D 推理判断题。由第三段第四句和第五句“In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs.
Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth, and stuck them in
the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking.”可以推
断出答案为D。
[评析 不能误解原文中的“it would look like bread was baking”而想当然地选择C,而
应该在理解整段内容后加以判断。
5.A 推理判断题。由第四段中“When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenn’s
mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. ‘He came across that floor waving his
arms...’”以及“After he steadied himself...”可以推断巡视员是因为地面太滑而挥舞手臂以
尽力维持身体平衡。
Passage 12 (2015湖北,B)
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What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t a prerequisite for a modern
grow-your-own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles,Loe and her family
grow,can(装罐)and preserve much of the food they consume.
Loe is a master food preserver,gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website,where
she shares her tips and recipes,with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to
control what’s on their plate.
Loe initially went to school to become an engineer,but she quickly learned that her
enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my
own food and started growing my own herbs(香草)and foods for that fresh flavor,”she
said.Engineer by day,Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small
piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.
“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,”Loe said.Through her website Loe
emphasizes that“anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)?
Plant some herbs.A window?Perfect spot for growing.Start with herbs,she
recommends,because“they’re very forgiving.”Just a little of the herbs“can take your regular
cooking to a whole new level,”she added.“I think it’s a great place to start.”Then?Try
growing something from a seed,she said,like a tomato or some tea.
Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does.With every planted food,Loe
noted,there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a
time capsule in a canning jar,”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your
food,knowing where it comes from.”
In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating,another joy comes from passing
this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children:“Influencing them and telling
them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger
picture,”she said,“that if we don’t take care of the earth,no one will.”
1.The underlined word“prerequisite”(Para.1)is closest in meaning to“ ”.
A.recipe B.substitute
C.requirement D.challenge
2.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?
A.They are used daily.
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B.They are easy to grow.
C.They can grow very tall.
D.They can be eaten uncooked.
3.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?
A.It can preserve their best flavor.
B.It can promote her online sales.
C.It can better her cooking skills.
D.It can improve their nutrition.
4.What is the“the bigger picture”(Para.6)that Loe wishes her children to understand?
A.The knowledge about good food.
B.The way to live a grow-our-own life.
C.The joy of getting in touch with foods.
D.The responsibility to protect our earth.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是日常生活类。Loe的做法向我们证明,家里的阳台、
窗户等都可以成为种植的好地方,不必非得有大的农场。Loe还把自己的种植方法在网
站上与别人分享,并告诫自己的孩子要关爱我们的地球。
1.C 猜测词义题。由第一段第二句可知,Loe所种的地只有0.1英亩,由此可知现代“自
种自用”的生活方式不必有大的农场。requirement需要的事物。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“they’re very forgiving”可以得知,Loe推荐先从种植
香草开始,因为它们容易种植。forgiving宽容的,宽大的。
[评析 本题命题角度独特,难度适中。要求考生能准确把握forgiving一词的含义。
3.A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知,把自己种植的食物进行罐装,可以保持它们最好
的味道。
4.D 推理判断题。在最后一段的最后一句中,Loe告诉孩子们“如果我们不照顾我们的
地球,没有人会去做”,由此可以看出Loe想让孩子们理解的the bigger picture就是指
“保护地球的责任”。
Passage 13 (2015湖北,E)
Science has a lot of uses.It can uncover laws of nature,cure diseases,make bombs,and
help bridges to stand up.Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a
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temptation(诱惑)to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.David Brooks,author of
The Social Animal:The Hidden Sources of Love,Character,and Achievement,appears to be
the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.
Brooks gained fame for several books.His latest book The Social Animal,however,is more
ambitious and serious than his earlier books.It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty
topics.The book focuses on big questions:What has science revealed about human nature?
What are the sources of character?And why are some people happy and successful while
others aren’t?
To answer these questions,Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科).Considering
this,you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts.But Brooks has structured his
book in an unorthodox(非常规的),and perhaps unfortunate,way.Instead of introducing
scientific theories,he tells a story,within which he tries to make his points,perhaps in order to
keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica,the hero and heroine in his story,live
through childhood,we hear about the science of child development,and as they begin to date
we hear about the theory of sexual attraction.Brooks carries this through to the death of one of
his characters.
On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired.As one would expect,his writing is
mostly clear and,to be fair,some chapters stand out above the rest.I enjoyed,for instance,the
chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.While Harold and Erica are
certainly not strong or memorable characters,the more serious problems with The Social
Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into
science.
1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to .
A.illustrate where science can be applied
B.demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book
C.remind the reader of the importance of science
D.explain why many writers use science in their works
2.According to the author,which of the following could be a strength of the book?
A.Its strong basis.
B.Its convincing points.
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C.Its clear writing.
D.Its memorable characters.
3.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?
A.Contradictory.
B.Supportive.
C.Cautious.
D.Critical.
4.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?
A.Problems with the book.
B.Brooks’s life experiences.
C.Death of the characters.
D.Brooks’s translation skills.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文。题材为社会科学类。科学的用处很多,这吸引了很多人用
科学去解释问题,但实际上有些问题是无法用科学解释的。Brooks在他最近的一本书中
就用科学来解释了一个本不属于科学范畴的故事。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s
always a temptation(诱惑)to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.”可以得知,科
学用处巨大,所以吸引人们用科学去解释一些问题。Brooks和众多作家一样,也没能经得
起科学的诱惑。因而作者在文章开头提到科学的作用,就是为了说明众多作家在作品中
引入科学的原因。
2.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“As one would expect,his writing is mostly clear
and,to be fair,some chapters stand out above the rest.”可以看出,这本书的优点是通俗易懂,
有些章节异常出色。
3.D 推理判断题。概括全文可知,Brooks在自己书中极力用科学去解释本不属于科学
范畴的问题,这对问题解决是没有什么帮助的,因此作者对这本书是持批评态度的。
4.A 推理判断题。文章末尾指出,这本书中存在很多严重的问题,有些问题是Brooks企
图用科学去解释他所写的故事。由此可推断出,接下来文章可能要讲到这本书中存在的
一些问题,A项符合文章内容。
Passage 14 (2015福建,D)
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Life can be so wonderful,full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of
challenges,setbacks(挫折)and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances,we generally still have
dreams,hopes and desires—that little something more we want for ourselves and our loved
ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem,because when we go to
change the way we do things,up come the old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱)that stopped us from
seeking what we wanted in the first place.
This tension between what we feel we can have and what we’re seemingly able to have is the
niggling(烦人的)suffering,the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think it’s easier to
just give up.But we’re never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have
more.The intelligence behind that knowing is us—the real us.It’s the part that believes in life
and its possibilities.If you drop that,you begin to feel a little“dead”inside because you’re
dropping“you”.
So,if we have this capability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck,how do we break these
patterns?
Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new
adventure or just getting through today’s challenges.
While,deep down,we know we can do it,our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually
says we can’t.That isn’t a reason to stop,it’s just the mind,that little man or woman on your
shoulder,trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.It’s all
about starting simple and doing it now.
Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little,or large,release
from the jail of your mind and you’ll be on your way.
1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should .
A.slow down and live a simple life
B.be careful when we choose to change
C.stick to our dreams under any circumstances
D.be content with what we already have
2.What is the key to breaking the old patterns?
A.To focus on every detail.
B.To decide and take immediate action.
C.To listen to those close to us.
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D.To think twice before we act.
3.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A.Escape from your punishment.
B.Realization of your dreams.
C.Freedom from your tension.
D.Reduction of your expectations.
4.What does the author intend to tell us?
A.It’s easier than we think to get what we want.
B.It’s important to learn to accept sufferings in life.
C.It’s impractical to change our way of thinking.
D.It’s harder than we expect to follow a new course.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为人生哲理类。人生丰富多彩,它既有挑战又有快乐。
但无论我们的环境如何,我们都要有自己的梦想、希望和愿望。在实现个人梦想的过程
中,会出现很多障碍。为了冲破这些障碍我们能做些什么呢?
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句及第二段内容可推知在任何环境下我们都应该坚
持梦想,故答案为C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段、第四段及最后一段第一句可知答案为B项。
3.C 猜测词义题。最后一段为总结段落,画线部分采用了暗喻的修辞方法(从心灵监狱
中释放出来),而这里的the jail of your mind指的就是第二段第一句中所提到的tension,故
答案为C项。
4.A 推理判断题。作者写此篇文章的目的是告诉读者追求梦想比我们想象的要简单,故
答案为A项。
Passage 15 (2015北京,D)
Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the
better.However,social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken
for a change in attitudes.
An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are
attending college.Surveys(调查)on this topic suggest that parents today continue to
be“very”or“somewhat”overly-protective even after their children move into college
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dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater
today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are
trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.
However,greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to
let go of their“adult”children.
In the context(背景)of this discussion,it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in
the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations
had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently,would this have been
possible?Probably not.On the other hand,does the possibility of frequent communication
today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago?Many studies show that
older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the
means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.
Furthermore,studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication
between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially
dependent on their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more money to be sent from
home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact of college life,today and in the
past.
Thanks to the advanced technology,we live in an age of bettered communication.This has
many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children
who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the
technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
1.The surveys inform us of .
A.the development of technology
B.the changes of adult children’s behavior
C.the parents’ over-protection of their college children
D.the means and expenses of students’ communication
2.The writer believes that .
A.parents today are more protective than those in the past
B.the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages
C.technology explains greater parental involvement with their children
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D.parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence
3.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Technology or Attitude
B.Dependence or Independence
C.Family Influences or Social Changes
D.College Management or Communication Advancement
4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?
I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:Conclusion
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会生活。文章介绍了无处不在的科技变革影响了
生活的方方面面。然而科技带来的社会变化常常被误认为是人们的态度发生了改变。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知调查表明今日的父母在子女搬进大学宿舍之
后会继续对子女进行过度保护。
2.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知C项正确。
3.A 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第二句和最后一段最后一句可知选 A。
4.B 推理判断题。第一段简要介绍,提出论点。第二、三段提出两个分论点,第四段提
出次要点,第五段介绍了另外一个次要点,最后一段总结全文。
Passage 16 (2014课标全国Ⅰ,C)
A typical lion tamer(驯兽师)in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭)and a
chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it’s mostly for show.In reality,it’s the chair that
does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion
tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion
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becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the
lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have
something you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)—only to end up
confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option
is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting
information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the
wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could
be improving.
It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your
face,remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get
started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have
somewhere you want to go,something you want to accomplish,someone you want to
become...take immediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the
world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
1.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A.To trick the lion.
B.To show off his skills.
C.To get ready for a fight.
D.To entertain the audience.
2.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?
A.They feel puzzled over choices.
B.They hold on to the wrong things.
C.They find it hard to make changes.
D.They have to do something for show.
3.What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A.Tolerant.
B.Doubtful.
C.Respectful.
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D.Supportive.
4.When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to .
A.wait for a better chance
B.break your old habits
C.make a quick decision
D.ask for clear guidance
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是议论文,题材为社会文化类。每个人都会有自己的目标,在实现目标
的过程中我们会不断地面对各种选择。在这些选择面前每个人的表现不尽相同,怎么做
才是最佳选择呢?
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段第五、六句的内容可知答案选A。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的...the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what
to do next和第二段中的only to end up confused by all of the options可知人类和狮子的相
同点就是在面对选择的时候都会感到迷惑不解,不知道该如何去选择,所以答案为A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中第一句话的描述可知:那些想改善自己生活的人们被那
些专家提供的矛盾的信息弄得晕头转向,不知道该如何去选择。由此推断出作者对这些
专家持怀疑的态度,所以答案为B项。tolerant容忍的,宽恕的;doubtful怀疑的;respectful
表示敬意的;supportive支持的。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的You just need to get started.和take immediate
action可以推断出在面对这一情况时你要立即做出决定,所以答案为C项。
Passage 17 (2014陕西,D)
One afternoon last week,I saw three tearful children from my son’s school being
comforted by teachers.That morning,my 11-year-old son had stomach pains,retching(干
呕)into a bowl.Talking to other mothers later,I heard about other children with stomachache
or difficulty sleeping the night before.
What caused so much pain?Sports day.Sports day might be necessary at a highly-competitive
independent school,but not at a village primary school.For the children who can fly like the
wind,sports day causes no problem.For those who are overweight or just not good at sport,it is
a nightmare(噩梦).Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front
of the entire school and their parents,it can prove a disaster.
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Why do we put our children through this annual suffering?Some may say competition is
character building;or it’s taking part,not winning,that’s important;or that it is a tradition of
school life.I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.
Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races,wild enthusiasm,lots of
shouting—and were fun to watch.More importantly,the children who were not so fast or quick
at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone’s eyes.Some of them also had the thrill
of being on the winning side.
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less-competitive
event.Perhaps an afternoon of team games,with a few races for those who want them,would
be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.
1.What can we learn about the author’s son from Paragraph 1?
A.He talked with some mothers.
B.He comforted his classmates.
C.He had difficulty in sleeping.
D.He suffered from stomachache.
2.Sports day is still an annual event in this school probably because .
A.this is an independent school
B.it is a tradition of the school
C.it helps children lose weight
D.children enjoy watching sports
3.What does the author think about team games?
A.They should include more stressful races.
B.They are acceptable to different children.
C.They should be abandoned at primary schools.
D.They are less fun for those who love running.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards sports day?
A.Critical. B.Neutral.
C.Positive. D.Ambiguous.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。题材为学校生活类。本文讲述了一些学校运动会并不
适合所有的孩子,相反会对部分孩子的健康有害,因此作者建议学校开展竞争性不强的集
体运动项目,这样对孩子会更好。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知:早上,我发现我十一岁的儿子由于胃痛在干
呕。故选D项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句...or that it is a tradition of school life.可知本题
选B项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,集体项目有很多好处,更重要的是在传球时不
够快的孩子也可以分享获胜队的喜悦。故集体项目适合不同的学生,故选B项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者对学校运动会给孩子造成的伤害感到不满,建议
应开展集体项目,以适应不同的孩子,由此看出作者对运动会持批评态度,故选A项。
Passage 18 (2014山东,B)
It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore.Needless to say,it was too hot to do
anything outside.But it was also scorching in our apartment.This was 1962,and I would not
live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.So my brother and I decided to
leave the apartment to find someplace indoors.He suggested we could see a movie.It was a
brilliant plan.
Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and—most important—sit in
air conditioning.In those days,you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies.Then,the
theater would show the same two movies again.If you wanted to,you could sit through them
twice.Most people did not do that,but the manager at our theater,Mr.Bellow,did not mind if
you did.
That particular day,my brother and I sat through both movies twice,trying to escape the
heat.We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each.Then,we sat and watched The
Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.We’d already seen the second
movie once before.It had been at the theater since January,because Mr.Bellow loved anything
with John Wayne in it.
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We left the theater around 8,just before the evening shows began.But we returned the next
day and saw the same two movies again,twice more.And we did it the next day too.Finally,on
the fourth day,the heat wave broke.
Still,to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and
Jimmy Stewart’s dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance!Those memories are
some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962.They’re really memories of the screen,not
memories of my life.
1.In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?
A.1952. B.1962.
C.1972. D.1982.
2.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The heat.
B.The theater.
C.The Music Man.
D.The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.
3.What do we know about Mr.Bellow?
A.He loved children very much.
B.He was a fan of John Wayne.
C.He sold air conditioners.
D.He was a movie star.
4.Why did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times?
A.The two movies were really wonderful.
B.They wanted to avoid the heat outside.
C.The manager of the theater was friendly.
D.They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.
5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.The author turned out to be a great singer.
B.The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.
C.The author’s life has been changed by the two movies.
D.The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文作者回忆了自己在1962年为了躲过夏季一阵阵的热浪,和弟弟买票进
入有空调的电影院反复观看两部电影的故事。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的:那是1962年,并且在未来的十年内我一直生活在一
个没有空调的环境中。由此推断出作者是10年后才生活在了有空调的环境中,即1972
年,答案为C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的:我们之前已经看了第二部电影The Man Who Shot
Liberty Valance一次了。这部电影自1月份以来就一直在这儿上映。由此推断出It指的
是第二部电影,所以答案为D项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话的because Mr.Bellow loved anything with
John Wayne in it可知电影院老板Mr.Bellow是John Wayne的影迷,所以答案为B项。
4.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话的trying to escape the heat可知作者和自己的弟
弟进电影院反复看这两部电影是为了躲避外面的热浪,所以答案为B项。
5.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可推断出作者对当年在电影院的经历难以忘却,
所以答案为D项。
Passage 19 (2014辽宁,A)
A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on
exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑).
Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility(清晰
度).But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts
they have been taught.
Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased
the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors
said.
In the first experiment,students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to
the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills.Thirty minutes after the
talk,they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood
concepts.
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The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by
hand.However,the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both
groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.
The researchers’ report said,“While more notes are beneficial,if the notes are taken
mindlessly,as is more likely the case on a laptop,the benefit disappears.”
In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory,students took notes as before but
were tested a week after the lecture.This time,the students who wrote notes by hand
performed significantly better on the exam.
These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate
learning and understanding,but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.
1.More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can .
A.write more notes
B.digest concepts better
C.get higher scores
D.understand lectures better
2.While taking notes, laptop users tend to be .
A.skillful B.mindless
C.thoughtful D.tireless
3.The author of the passage aims to .
A.examine the importance of long-term memory
B.stress the benefit of taking notes by hand
C.explain the process of taking notes
D.promote the use of laptops
4.The passage is likely to appear in .
A.a newspaper advertisement
B.a computer textbook
C.a science magazine
D.a finance report
答案
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[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。主要介绍了一项研究成果:听课时用笔
做笔记的学生比用笔记本电脑做笔记的学生的学习效果更好。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“越来越多的学生喜欢使用笔记本电脑来做笔记,
因为使用笔记本电脑做笔记速度更快,笔记更清晰”,可知答案为A项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第六段可知答案为B项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据本文第一段和最后一段可知:本文作者的写作目的就是在强调用
笔做笔记的益处。
4.C 推理判断题。本文属于科普类文章,由此可推断出文章应出自科学杂志。故答案为
C项。
[长难句] Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a
laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for
word what the professors said.研究人员做了一些实验,其目的是弄清楚使用笔记本电脑
逐字记下教授所说的话是否会增加“机械地”做笔记的可能。
本句的主干为Researchers performed experiments,that后面的句子为定语从句。在该定
语从句中whether后的部分为find out的宾语从句,在该宾语从句中using a laptop为主
语,increased为谓语,the tendency为宾语,to make notes “mindlessly”为定语,修饰名词
tendency。
[温馨提示] While more notes are beneficial,if the notes are taken mindlessly,as is more
likely the case on a laptop,the benefit disappears.虽然更多的笔记是有益的,但如果像用笔
记本电脑那样机械地做笔记,那种益处就消失了。
Passage 20 (2014江西,A)
Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探险)but this time,it was
different.He decided to take his daughter along with him.She was only ten years old.This
would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.
Larry first began diving when he was his daughter’s age.Similarly,his father had taken him
along on one of his expeditions.Since then,he had never looked back.Larry started out by
renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore.He had hated them.They
were either too big or too small.Then,there was the instructor.He gave him a short lesson
before allowing him into the water with his father.He had made an exception.Larry would
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never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar
number of hours on practical lessons with a guide.Children his age were not even allowed to
dive.
After the first expedition,Larry’s later diving adventures only got better and better.There was
never a dull moment.In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his
back,Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean.Dangerous areas did not prevent
him from continuing his search.Sometimes,he was limited to a cage underwater but that did
not bother him.At least,he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.
Larry’s first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands.There were numerous
diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them.Fortunately for him,a
man offered to take him around the different spots for free.Larry did not even know what the
time was,how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.The diving
spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty
varieties of creatures.
Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He
hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.Already,she looked like she was
much braver than Larry had been then.This was the key to a successful underwater
expedition.
1.In what way was this expedition different for Larry?
A.His daughter had grown up.
B.He had become a famous diver.
C.His father would dive with him.
D.His daughter would dive with him.
2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A.Larry had some privileges.
B.Larry liked the rented diving suits.
C.Divers had to buy diving equipment.
D.Ten-year-old children were permitted to dive.
3.Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes?
A.To protect himself from danger.
B.To dive into the deep water.
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C.To admire the underwater view.
D.To take photos more conveniently.
4.What can be learned from the underlined sentence?
A.Larry didn’t wear a watch.
B.Larry was not good at math.
C.Larry had a poor memory.
D.Larry enjoyed the adventure.
5.What did Larry expect his daughter to do?
A.Become a successful diver.
B.Make a good diving guide.
C.Take a lot of photos underwater.
D.Have longer hours of training.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文主要介绍了Larry学习潜水的过程。
时过境迁,现在Larry开始培养自己的女儿从事此项运动。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的...but this time,it was different. He decided to take his
daughter along with him.可知答案为D项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的He had made an exception.及下面的Children his age
were not even allowed to dive.可知 Larry had some privileges.符合题意,故答案为A项。
根据第二段中He had hated them.可知B是错误的;由第二段中Larry started out by renting
diving suits...可知C项是错误的;由第二段中 Children his age were not even allowed to
dive.可知D项是错误的。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing
his search.Sometimes,he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.(危险
区域并没有阻止他继续探索。有时,他被限定在一个水下保护笼中,但这并不妨碍他。)
可推断出在危险水域潜水时,Larry有时会被放在一个保护笼中,其目的是保护他免受危
险,故答案为A项。
4.D 推理判断题。画线部分描述了Larry在潜水过程中的忘我境界,由此可见,Larry对
潜水探险非常喜欢,故答案为D项。A、B、C三项文中均未提及。
5.A 推理判断题。从最后一段中的He hoped she would be able to continue the family
tradition.可知,Larry 希望他女儿能够继承家族传统——水下探险。This was the key to a
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successful underwater expedition.这句话暗示了他希望自己的女儿将来能成为一名成功的
潜水者。
Passage 21 (2014江苏,D)
August 1990,Boston
Dear Maya Shao-ming,
To me,June 6,1990 is a special day.My long-awaited dream came true the minute your father
cried,“A girl!” You are more than just a second child,more than just a girl to match our
boy.You,little daughter,are the link to our female line,the legacy of another woman’s pain and
sacrifice 31 years ago.
Let me tell you about your Chinese grandmother.Somewhere in Hong Kong,in the late
fifties,a young waitress found herself pregnant(怀孕)by a cook,probably a co-worker at her
restaurant.She carried the baby to term,suffered to give it birth,and kept the little girl for the
first three months of her life.I like to think that my mother—your grandmother—loved me
and fought to raise me on her own,but that the daily struggle was too hard.Worn down by the
demands of the new baby and perhaps the constant threat of starvation,she made the painful
decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.
More likely,I was dropped at the orphanage(孤儿院)steps or somewhere else.I will probably
never know the truth.Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the
family in China,so she probably kept my existence a secret.Once I was out of her life,it was as
if I had never been born.And so you and your brother and I are the missing leaves on a family
tree.
Do they ever wonder if we exist?
Before I was two,I was adopted by an Anglo couple.Fed three square meals a day,I grew like
a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offer—
books,music,education,church life and community activities.In a family of blue-eyed
blonds,though,I stood out like a sore thumb.Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who
looked so different,my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin,or made
fun of my clumsy walk.Moody and impatient,burdened by fears that none of us realized
resulted from my early years of need,I was not an easy child to love.My mother and I
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conflicted countless times over the years,but gradually came to see one another as real human
beings with faults and talents,and as women of strength in our own right.Lacking a mirror
image in the mother who raised me,I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own.The
Asian American community has helped me regain my double
identity.But part of me will always be missing:my beginnings,my personal history,all the
delicate details that give a person her origin.Nevertheless,someone gave me a lucky name“Siu
Wai”.“Siu”means“little”,and“Wai”means“clever”.Therefore,my baby name was“Clever little
one.”Who chose those words?Who cared enough to note my arrival in the world?I lost my
Chinese name for 18 years.It was Americanized for convenience to“Sue”.But like an ill-
fitting coat,it made me uncomfortable.I hated the name.But even more,I hated being
Chinese.It took many years to become proud of my Asian origin and work up the courage to
take back my birth-name.That,plus a little knowledge of classroom Cantonese is all the
Chinese culture I have to offer you.Not white,certainly,but not really Asian,I try to pave the
way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you.Your name,“Shao-ming”,is very
much like mine—“Shao”means“little”.And“ming”is“bright”,as in a shining sun or
moon.Whose lives will you brighten,little Maya?Your past is more complete than mine,and
each day I cradle you in your babyhood,generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my
first two years.When I pat you,I comfort the lost baby inside me who still cries for her
mother.
Sweet Maya,it doesn’t matter what you“become”later on.You have already fulfilled my
wildest dreams.
I love you.
Mammy
1.Why is June 6,1990 a special day for Mommy?
A.Her dream of being a mother came true.
B.She found her origin from her Chinese mother.
C.She wrote the letter to her daughter.
D.Her female line was well linked.
2.How does Mommy feel about her being given away?
A.It is bitter and disappointing.
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B.It is painful but understandable.
C.She feels sorry but sympathetic.
D.She feels hurt and angry.
3.What does“I stood out like a sore thumb”in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.I walked clumsily out of pains.
B.I was not easy to love due to jealousy.
C.I was impatient out of fear.
D.I looked different from others.
4.What can be inferred from Mommy’s Anglo family life?
A.She used to experience an identity crisis.
B.She fought against her American identity.
C.She forgot the pains of her early years.
D.She kept her love for Asia from childhood.
5.Why did Mommy name her daughter“Shao-ming”?
A.To match her own birth-name.
B.To brighten the lives of the family.
C.To identify her with Chinese origin.
D.To justify her pride in Chinese culture.
6.By“Your past is more complete than mine,”Mommy means .
A.her past was completed earlier than Shao-ming’s
B.Shao-ming has got motherly care and a sense of roots
C.her mother didn’t comfort her the way she did Shao-ming
D.her past was spent brokenly,first in Asia,then in the US
答案
[语篇解读] 文章以给女儿的信的方式讲述了一个华裔母亲的生活苦难和成长经历。
1.D 细节理解题。从第一段中的You,little daughter,are the link to our female line可以看
出本题的答案为D。
2.B 推理判断题。从文章第二段中的Worn down by the demands of the new baby and
perhaps the constant threat of starvation,she made the painful decision to give away her girl
so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.可以看出,Mommy认为这是一个
painful but understandable 的决定。
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3.D 推理判断题。由In a family of blue-eyed blonds可知我和家庭中其他人看上去很不
同,故选D。
4.A 推理判断题。从文章的第五段的描述中可以看出,作者经历了身份危机,因此选
A。B项的错误在于她不是为反对她的美国身份而斗争。C项错误是因为她并没有忘记
早期的痛苦。D项是无关信息。
5.C 推理判断题。从文章第七段中的It took many years to become proud of my Asian
origin and work up the courage to take back my birth-name.及...I try to pave the way between
the two worlds and bridge the gap for you.可以看出作者给女儿取名“Shao-ming”就是为
了确认她的中国根。本题的干扰项是A项。文章中提到了这个名字和作者的名字有点
相似,但是这并不是她取这个名字的主要目的。B项和D项都是无关的信息。
6.B 推理判断题。此题可以根据该句的意思和上下文来理解。这段文字的字面意思是
“你的过去比我的过去要完整得多”。在后面,作者记述了她对女儿的关怀和照顾。所
以选B项。
Passage 22 (2014广东,C)
Like many new graduates,I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea
of what I wanted to do.My degree,with honors,in English literature had not really prepared me
for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow,but I had
no idea how to do that.That’s when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.
I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about
the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work,and that I would
be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short,I did not take my decision
to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.
Eventually,however,I won the support of my family,and I sent in all the paperwork needed for
application.After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the
candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later,I finally received a call asking me
to report for duty.I would be going to a small village near Abuja,Nigeria.Where?What?
Nigeria?I had no idea.But I was about to find out.
After completing my training,I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need
of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor,they offered their
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homes,hearts,and food as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local
people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so,I taught in that same
schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.
Sometime during that period,I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or
unusual to me no longer did,though I did not get anywhere with the local language,and I
returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life
forever.
1.What do we know about the author?
A.His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.
B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.
C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.
D.He felt honored to study English literature.
2.According to Paragraph 2, it is most likely that the author .
A.discussed his decision with his family
B.asked previous volunteers about voluntary work
C.attended special training to perform difficult tasks
D.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends
3.In his application for the volunteer job, the author .
A.participated in many discussions
B.went through challenging survival tests
C.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary work
D.faced strong competition from other candidates
4.On arrival at the village, the author was .
A.asked to lead a farming team
B.sent to teach in a schoolhouse
C.received warmly by local villagers
D.arranged to live in a separate house
5.What can we infer from the author’s experiences in Nigeria?
A.He found some difficulty adapting to the local culture.
B.He had learned to communicate in the local language.
C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.
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D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文,题材为个人经历。文章讲述作者申请做灯塔计划的志愿者
的过程和被选为志愿者后去阿布贾附近的一个小村庄工作的经历,这段经历让作者学到
了很多而且改变了他的人生。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句My degree,with honors,in English literature had not
really prepared me for anything practical.可知作者在大学主要学习理论方面的知识,故答
案为A项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句可推测出作者很可能和家里人讨论过他做
志愿者的决定。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句After countless interviews and presentations,I
managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.可知,经过无数次的介
绍和面试,作者终于从众多候选人中脱颖而出,是唯一一个通过考试的。从而可推断,在申
请志愿者工作时,作者经历了激烈的竞争。故选择D项。
4.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句Though the local villagers were poor,they
offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family.可知,作者在那个小村庄
受到了当地村民的热情招待。故选C项。
5.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段...I realized that all those things that had seemed so
strange or unusual to me no longer did...,and I returned to the United States a different man.可
知答案为A项。B项与原文内容不符,所以排除;C项中的all属于绝对意义表达,故排
除;D项内容文章未提到,故排除。
Passage 23 (2014北京,C)
Choosing the Right Resolution(决定)
Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with,a goal of
losing weight.However,setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.
To reach our goal of losing weight—the output,we need to control what we eat—the input(输
入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to
construct goals.The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to
lose weight,try an actionable resolution:“I’ll stop having dessert for lunch,”or “I’ll walk every
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day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more
effective than concentrating on the outcome.
Recently a new science behind incentives(激励),including in education,has been
discussed.For example,researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating
children to do better in school.In some cases,he gave students incentives based on input,like
reading certain books,while in others,the incentives were based on output,like results on
exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but
had no effect when based on output.Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs
might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside
from general rules like “study harder”.Reading certain books,on the other hand,is a well-set
task over which they have much more control.
As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chance of
success.And it’s easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what you need to
do.
If you want to cut down on your spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at
home instead of going to a café,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for
which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isn’t a goal because it’s too
general.Similarly,if you want to spend more time with your family,don’t stop with this
general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family
movie night every Wednesday.
In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.
1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because .
A.it is hard to achieve for most Americans
B.it is focused too much on the result
C.it is dependent on too many things
D.it is based on actionable decisions
2.In Roland Fryer’s research, some students did better than the others because .
A.they obeyed all the general rules
B.they paid more attention to exams
C.they were motivated by their classmates
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D.they were rewarded for reading some books
3.According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?
A.“I’ll give up dessert.”
B.“I’ll study harder.”
C.“I’ll cut down my expenses.”
D.“I’ll spend more time with my family.”
4.The writer strongly believes that we should .
A.develop good habits and focus on the outcome
B.be optimistic about final goals and stick to them
C.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habits
D.set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为设定目标。作者认为“减肥”不是一个很有效的目
标,并具体解释了设立什么样的目标更加有效。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“To reach our goal of losing weight—the
output,we need to control what we eat—the input.That is,we tend to care about the output but
not to control the input.”可知将减肥设定为目标过于注重输出,输出(output)相当于结果
(result),故选择B项。
2.D 细节理解题。通读第三段的相关内容特别是最后一句可知本题应选择D项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Creating a goal that focuses on a well-
specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.”可知设立目
标应具体化,不能过于关注结果。四个选项中A项“我要放弃甜食”很具体,是一个很好
的目标;B项“我要更努力地学习”,C项“我要削减开支”和D项“我要花更多的时间
陪家人”都很笼统,不容易实施,故选择A项。
4.C 推理判断题。作者在文章的倒数第二段举例说明了设立目标应挑选具体的行动,最
后一段又再次强调“In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.”长远来看,这些
新的目标(具体的行动)能成为一种习惯。因此本题选择C项。
[温馨提示] 1.To reach our goal of losing weight—the output,we need to control what we
eat—the input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.为了
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实现我们的减肥目标——输出,我们必须控制我们的饮食——输入。也就是说我们往往
只关注了输出而没有控制输入。
2.Instead of resolving to lose weight,try an actionable resolution...尝试可操作的解决方案而
不是做减肥的决定……
3.Fryer’s conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because
students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside from general rules like “study
harder”.弗赖尔的结论是:对输入的激励可能会更有效,因为学生们除了知道一些像“努
力学习”这样的基本规则外,对于如何更好地应考一无所知。
Passage 24 (2014安徽,E)
You may not have heard of Ashoka,but for the past 27 years,this association,founded by
Bill Drayton,has fought poverty(贫困)and sickness,promoted education and encouraged small
businesses.To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the world’s most
promising“changemakers”seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems and would like to create a
world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to
simply give yourself permission.If you see a problem that you care about,you can help solve
it.The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants
to grow into a happy,healthy,contributing adult.In fact,it is many young people’s ambition to
set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.An excellent example is an
Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka,which handled the rubbish problem facing the
city,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that
lay in Dhaka’s streets,attracting rats and disease,they discovered that 80% of it was natural
waste.So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把……制成堆肥)this
waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers
were struggling with chemical fertilisers(化肥)which were expensive and had reduced the
natural minerals in the soil over the years.At first,they were refused,but once they were able
to persuade them that there was money to be made,the project took off.In 2009 sales were
$14,000.
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Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious,practical progress
in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
1.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A.Changemakers
B.Businessmen
C.Social Conditions
D.Rubbish Problem
2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“ .”
A.the local farmers
B.Masqsood and Iftekhar
C.Drayton and his team
D.the poor people in Dhaka
3.It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he .
A.considers Drayton’s concept
B.gets permission from Ashoka
C.tries to improve social conditions
D.is a young,happy and healthy adult
4.The author’s attitude towards Ashoka’s program can be described as .
A.changing B.forgiving
C.cautious D.positive
答案
[语篇解读] 本文讲述了一个由Bill Drayton所创立的组织Ashoka通过提供资金支持,
致力于鼓励人们去做一个变革者,努力去改变社会,解决当前社会中迫切需要解决的问题。
1.A 主旨大意题。根据全文可知Bill Drayton创立Ashoka的目的就是通过提供资金支
持,致力于鼓励人们去做一个变革者,努力去改变社会,解决当前社会上迫切需要解决的问
题。A选项与全文主题思想最吻合。
2.D 猜测词义题。根据第三段可知Dhaka当地贫民饱受垃圾困扰,Masqsood 和
Iftekhar在Ashoka帮助下试图说服当地贫民把垃圾变废为宝转化为肥料,他们俩起初被
拒绝,后来他们俩说服了当地的贫民,因此them指的是当地的贫民。故选D。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知C选项正确。
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4.D 推理判断题。由全文内容可知答案为D项。
[温馨提示] 1.To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the world’s most
promising “changemakers” seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems and would like to create a
world in which every citizen is a changemaker.为了赞助这些崇高的事业,Ashoka为这个世
界上最有希望的“变革者”提供资金,努力解决紧迫问题并想建立一个每个公民都可以
成为变革者的世界。
2.an agent for change变革者
agent:a person who does sth.or causes sth.to happen (做某事或使某事发生的)施动者
3.a contributing adult有贡献的成人
Passage 25 (2014湖北,D)
You’ve flown halfway around the world;you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in
Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of;so what on earth is there to do here?You
consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the
sand.
It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the bus station and got
yourself sorted out,it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin,about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok,down
the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place,and the ones that do
wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.
There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.It’s what this place offers,and it’s free of
charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into
your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea.
It’s early afternoon,so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening.Before
long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered
—every meal fresh and to order.No menu here.
There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm,clear blue sea.There’s no
street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.
For now you just count your blessings(福祉),listing them in the sand with your toe(脚趾).You
don’t have to worry about being late for work.You don’t have to do anything.
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The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon(地平线),slowly narrowing to nothingness
only to re-emerge again on your left,now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath
you.Sand to your left and sand to your right;it’s unbroken,endless.No start,no end,just
sand,sun,and peace.Step off it,and you re-enter the world of traffic,stress,work,and hurry.
Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes,but you’re on Huaplee
Lazy Beach now and,in the right frame of mind,it stretches all the way around the world.
“How could it take me so long to find it?”you wonder.
1.When the author first went to Huaplee Beach, .
A.he had difficulty in finding it
B.he became sensitive to smell
C.he failed to sort himself out
D.he found it unworthwhile
2.What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?
A.Quick delivery.
B.Self service.
C.Free food.
D.No menu.
3.In the author’s opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he .
A.draws pictures in the sand
B.plans a detailed schedule
C.forgets his daily routine
D.sits in a beach chair
4.What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?
A.He should have come to the place earlier.
B.He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip.
C.He should have understood the wonder of nature.
D.He shouldn’t have counted his blessings.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为应用文,题材为观光旅游类。文章介绍了旅游胜地Huaplee Beach。
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1.A 推理判断题。根据前三段的内容可知,作者费了好大的劲才找到Huaplee Beach。
故选A项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,厨师询问游客想吃什么,然后匆忙去市场购买
游客点的任何食材。这里没有菜单。故选D项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第六、第七和第八段的描述可知,忘记日常工作,全身心投入到
Huaplee Beach的怀抱,才能充分享受它给人带来的乐趣。故选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者非常享受Huaplee Beach之旅给他带来的快乐。
故选A项。
Passage 26 (2014湖北,E)
For most city people,the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the
enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains,jets,and even bicycles.Dr.Christopher
Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a
misunderstanding.Without the elevator,they point out,there could be no downtown
skyscrapers or tall buildings,and city life as we know it would be impossible.In that
sense,they argue,the elevator’s role in American history has been no less significant than that
of cars.In fact,according to Wilk,the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war”
for over a century,with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地),and
elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的)columns.
If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators,it might be because riding in them tends to
be such a brief,boring,and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly
meeting people with whom we have nothing in common,and an unpleasant awareness of the
fact that we’re hanging from a cable in a long passage.
In a new book,Lifted,German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard
directed all his attention to this experience,studying the origins of elevator and its relationship
to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable
experience.“After 150 years,we are still not used to it,”Bernard said.“We still have not exactly
learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.”That mixture,according to
Bernard,sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in
as we go about our lives.
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Today,as the world’s urban population explodes,and cities become more crowded,taller,and
more crowded,America’s total number of elevators—900,000 at last count,according to
Elevator World magazine’s “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that’s
becoming more important than ever.And for the people who really,really love them,it seems
like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.
1.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.
B.The desire for a remarkable machine.
C.The particular interests of experts.
D.The general view of elevators.
2.The author’s purpose in mentioning cars is .
A.to explain people’s preference for elevators
B.to reveal their secret war against elevators
C.to emphasize the importance of elevators
D.to contrast their functions with elevators’
3.According to Prof. Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life
experiences?
A.Uncomfortable conditions.
B.Little physical space.
C.Lack of excitement.
D.Vertical direction.
4.The author urges readers to consider .
A.the relationship between cars and elevators
B.the role of elevators in city development
C.the serious future situation of elevators
D.the exact number of elevator lovers
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。题材为科普知识类。文章主要介绍了电梯在城市发展中所
起的巨大作用。
1.D 猜测词义题。上文提到了城市人群对电梯的传统看法。故选D项。
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2.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第四句可知,作者提及汽车的目的是想通过对比来说明电
梯在城市发展中所起的作用一点也不亚于汽车。故选C项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第一、二句可知,坐电梯和其他生活经历的不同之处
就在于“the mixture of closeness and displeasure”。故选B项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话可知,作者的写作目的是让人们重视电梯在城市
发展中所起的作用。故选B项。
Passage 27 (2014福建,E)
As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe,few issues cause greater concern
than energy policy.Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the
power-producing machines of wind farms;yet they never take“direct action”,even though the
planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage.And the generous subsidies(财政补
贴),which encourage the expansion of wind power,are not favorable to the village
communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民).
Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause
is out of proportion(比例)to the benefits they bring,because their energy output cannot match
that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace.Supporters insist that
wind must be part of a mix of renewables,nuclear and carbon,and that the country is
committed to meeting EU(European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.
Against this background,the fact that there is an argument within the Government over
whether to publish an official report on wind farms’ impact on the countryside becomes even
more extraordinary.The two parties in the coalition(联合)government are in disagreement
over what it should say.
We have some advice for the two parties:publish the report,and let the country be the
judge.Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful,it will hardly be a pleasant
surprise to people who do not like them.Equally,supporters must argue their case by
acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much
attention.
The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable”report
suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain
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way.Given the sensitivities involved,all the information should be available so that people can
reach their own conclusions,rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑)that facts are being
replaced by political beliefs.
1.We can learn from the first paragraph that .
A.energy policy catches much attention of the public
B.the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farms
C.many village communities are satisfied with the subsidies
D.the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents
2.Supporters think that the expansion of wind power .
A.is more rapid than that of carbon-based power
B.guarantees an increase in energy output
C.is expected to be much better than that of nuclear power
D.agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation
3.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A.an official report will settle the energy problem
B.the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farms
C.the two parties have agreed on a further negotiation
D.political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts
4.Which of the following reflects the author’s opinion?
A.Increase political impact on energy policy.
B.Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.
C.Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.
D.Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材是环保类。内容是关于风能发电项目对当地居民的影
响,以及支持者和反对者两派之间的观点。
1.A 推理判断题。从文章的第一句...few issues cause greater concern than energy policy
可以推断能源政策引起公众的广泛关注。故答案为A项。
2.D 细节理解题。从第二段的最后一句Supporters insist that...and that the country is
committed to meeting EU(European Union)targets for non-carbon energy generation.可以知
道答案为D项。
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3.B 推理判断题。从文章的第三段可以推断两个党派在关于风力发电场话题方面产生
了分歧。故正确答案为B项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可以推断出,作者认为应该让公众去裁决风能发电项目
的实施。故答案为C项。
Passage 28 (2014重庆,B)
There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and
doing exercise.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get
older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are
some more myths:
I’ll never lose weight—I come from a fat family
Wrong!While we can’t change the body type we are born with,we can’t blame our genes for
making us fat.There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is
that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.
I am fat because I burn calories slowly
Wrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact,although fat people
consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a
diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boring
Wrong!Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced
and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a
different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance
or time challenge.
No pain,no gain
Wrong!Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you something’s
wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild
discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive
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changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don’t,rest
and seek medical advice.
1.What does the author think about being fat?
A.It is the family genes that make people fat.
B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.
C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.
D.It is the consequence of people’s unbalanced lifestyle.
2.According to the author, how can we make exercise more interesting?
A.By taking varied exercise.
B.By choosing simple exercise.
C.By doing regular exercise.
D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.
3.What is the author’s opinion about “No pain, no gain” in exercising?
A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.
B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.
C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.
D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.
4.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.
B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.
C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.
D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为健康生活类。本文澄清了一些人对肥胖与锻炼的错
误认识。
1.D 推理判断题。由第一行黑体字下面的内容:habits of eating too much and exercising
too little可知答案选D。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三行黑体字下面的描述:varied program that’s fun as well as
progressive以及接下来给我们提出的让自己的锻炼丰富多彩的建议,可知作者认为为了
让锻炼不那么枯燥,我们就要让它多样化,所以答案为A项。
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3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话:If they don’t,rest and seek medical advice.可
以推断出如果我们进行的锻炼给我们的身体带来持久的疼痛的话,我们就应该停下来休
息一下并去看医生,所以答案为B项。
4.B 主旨大意题。文章首先提出人们对于肥胖和锻炼存在着一些错误认识,然后列举了
几个错误观念并加以澄清,所以答案为B项。
Passage 29 (2014天津,B)
A world-famous Canadian author,Margaret Atwood,has created the world’s first long-
distance signing device(装置),the LongPen.
After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city,Atwood thought there must be a better
way to do them.She hired some technical experts and started her own company in
2004.Together they designed the LongPen.Here’s how it works:The author writes a personal
message and signature on a computer tablet(手写板)using a special pen.On the receiving
end,in another city,a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book.The author and fan
can talk with each other via webcams(网络摄像机)and computer screens.
Work on the LongPen began in Atwood’s basement(地下室).At first,they had no idea it
would be as hard as it turned out to be.The device went through several versions,including
one that actually had smoke coming out of it.The inventing finally completed,test runs were
made in Ottawa,and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair.From
here,Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto
and New York City.
The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the
author in real time.It has several other potential applications.It could increase credit card
security and allow people to sign contracts from another province.The video exchange
between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are
used.
“It’s really fun,”said the owner of a bookstore,who was present for one of the test
runs.“Obviously you can’t shake hands with the author,but there are chances for a connection
that you don’t get from a regular book signing.”
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The response to the invention hasn’t been all favorable.Atwood has received criticism from
authors who think she’s trying to end book tours.But she said,“It will be possible to go to
places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn’t afford it.”
1.Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?
A.To set up her own company.
B.To win herself greater popularity.
C.To write her books in a new way.
D.To make book signings less tiring.
2.How does the LongPen work?
A.It copies the author’s signature and prints it on a book.
B.It signs a book while receiving the author’s signature.
C.The webcam sends the author’s signature to another city.
D.The fan uses it to copy the author’s signature himself.
3.What do we know about the invention of the LongPen?
A.It has been completed but not put into use.
B.The basement caught fire by accident.
C.Some versions failed before its test run.
D.The designers were well-prepared for the difficulty.
4.How could the LongPen be used in the future?
A.To draft legal documents.
B.To improve credit card security.
C.To keep a record of the author’s ideas.
D.To allow author and fan to exchange videos.
5.What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?
A.Atwood doesn’t mean to end book tours.
B.Critics think the LongPen is of little use.
C.Bookstore owners don’t support the LongPen.
D.Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文,题材为科普知识与现代技术。本文介绍了世界著名的加拿
大作者Margaret Atwood设计的远距离签字设备——LongPen。
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1.D 推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句可知,经过许多次奔波于不同城市间的令人疲惫
的巡回签名售书活动后,Atwood认为一定有一种更好的签售的办法。由此可推
测,Atwood决定发明LongPen的目的就是让这种签售活动稍微轻松一点。故选择D项。
2.B 推理判断题。由第二段第四、五句可知LongPen的工作原理:作者用一支专用笔在
电脑的手写板上写上个人信息和签名,另一个城市的接收方用配备了常规笔的机器手臂
在书上签名。故选择B项。
3.C 推理判断题。由第三段第三句The device went through several versions,including
one that actually had smoke coming out of it.可知,LongPen在获得成功之前经历过数次失
败。故选择C项。
4.B 细节理解题。由第四段中It has several other potential applications.It could increase
credit card security and...可知,LongPen还有很多潜在的功能,比如说提高信用卡的安全性。
故选择B项。
5.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Atwood所说的内容可推断出,她并没有打算
结束她的巡回签名售书活动。故选择A项。
Passage 30 (2014天津,C)
“Dad,”I say one day,“let’s take a trip.Why don’t you fly out and meet me?”
My father had just retired after 27 years as a manager for IBM.His job filled his day,his
thoughts,his life.While he woke up and took a warm shower,I screamed under a freezing
waterfall in Peru.While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch,I rowed a boat across
Lake of the Ozarks.
My father sees me drifting aimlessly,nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of
funny stamps.He wants me to settle down,but now I want him to find an adventure.
He agrees to travel with me through the national parks.We meet four weeks later in Rapid
City.
“What’s our first stop?”asks my father.
“What time is it?”
“Still don’t have a watch?”
Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore.As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in
granite(花岗岩),his mouth and eyes open slowly,like those of a little boy.
“Unbelievable,”he says.“How was this done?”
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A film in the information center shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the
sculpture and then left the final touches to his son.
We stare up and I ask myself,Would I ever devote my life to anything?
No directions,no goals.I always used to hear those words in my father’s voice.Now I hear
them in my own.
The next day we’re at Yellowstone National Park,where we have a picnic.
“Did you ever travel with your dad?”I ask.
“Only once,”he says.“I never spoke much with my father.We loved each other—but never
said it.Whatever he could give me,he gave.”
That last sentence—it ’ s probably the same thing I ’ d say about my father.And what I ’ d want
my child to say about me.
In Glacier National Park,my father says,“I’ve never seen water so blue.”I have,in several
places of the world.I can keep traveling,I realize—and maybe a regular job won’t be as dull as
I feared.
Weeks after our trip,I call my father.
“The photos from the trip are wonderful,”he says.“We’ve got to take another trip like that
sometime.”
I tell him I’ve decided to settle down,and I’m wearing a watch.
1.We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father .
A.followed the fashion
B.got bored with his job
C.was unhappy with the author’s lifestyle
D.liked the author’s collection of stamps
2.What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore?
A.His father is interested in sculpture.
B.His father is as innocent as a little boy.
C.He should learn sculpture in the future.
D.He should pursue a specific aim in life.
3.From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the author .
A.wants his children to learn from their grandfather
B.comes to understand what parental love means
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C.learns how to communicate with his father
D.hopes to give whatever he can to his father
4.What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story?
A.The call solves their disagreements.
B.The Swiss watch has drawn them closer.
C.They decide to learn photography together.
D.They begin to change their attitudes to life.
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.Love Nature,Love Life
B.A Son Lost in Adventure
C.A Journey with Dad
D.The Art of Travel
答案
[语篇解读] 本文讲述了作者和父亲的一次旅行改变了二人对生活的态度。作者从中感
悟到了父爱的真谛和做父亲的伟大。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段可知,父亲打他的领带,戴他的名表,而我我行我素,无所事
事,百无聊赖地在Ozarks湖上划着小船;第三段最后一句表明:父亲想让我定居下来,而我
想让他去冒险。由此可以判断,父亲对我的生活方式不满。故选择C项。
2.D 推理判断题。从No directions,no goals.I always used to hear those words in my
father’s voice.Now I hear them in my own.可以推测出,作者感叹自己应该有个明确的人生
目标并去努力追求。故选择D项。
3.B 推理判断题。画线句子的意思是“那最后一句很可能是我对我的父亲的评价,也是
我希望我的孩子评价我的话”。而That last sentence指的是上文中的Whatever he could
give me,he gave.由此可推断出画线的句子让作者意识到了父爱的含义。故选择B项。
4.D 推理判断题。从最后几段中的We’ve got to take another trip like that sometime.I tell
him I’ve decided to settle down,and I’m wearing a watch.可以推测出,父子二人对生活的态
度都不约而同地发生着改变。故选择D项。
5.C 主旨大意题。文章开门见山,直接点题。讲述了作者和父亲的一次旅行改变了二人
对生活的态度。故选择C项。
Passage 31 (2014浙江,D)
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A city child’s summer is spent in the street in front of his home,and all through the long
summer vacations I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the
block play baseball.I was never asked to take part even when one team had a member missing
—not out of special cruelty,but because they took it for granted I would be no good at it.They
were right,of course.
I would never forget the wonderful evening when something changed.The baseball ended
about eight or eight thirty when it grew dark.Then it was the custom of the boys to retire to a
little stoop(门廊)that stuck out from the candy store on the corner and that somehow had
become theirs.No grownup ever sat there or attempted to.There the boys would sit,mostly
talking about the games played during the day and of the game to be played tomorrow.Then
long silences would fall and the boys would wander off one by one.It was just after one of
those long silences that my life as an outsider changed.I can no longer remember which boy it
was that summer evening who broke the silence with a question;but whoever he was,I nod to
him gratefully now.“What’s in those books you’re always reading?”he asked
casually.“Stories,”I answered.“What kind?”asked somebody else without much interest.
Nor do I know what drove me to behave as I did,for usually I just sat there in silence,glad
enough to be allowed to remain among them;but instead of answering his question,I told them
for two hours the story I was reading at the moment.The book was Sister Carrie.They listened
bug-eyed and breathless.I must have told it well,but I think there was another and deeper
reason that made them so keen an audience.Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of
the most ancient of man’s entertainments,but I was offering them as well,without being aware
of doing it,a new and exciting experience.
The books they themselves read were the Rover Boys or Tom Swift or G.A.Henty.I had read
them too,but at thirteen I had long since left them behind.Since I was much alone I had
become an enthusiastic reader and I had gone through the books-for-boys-series.In those days
there was no reading material between children’s and grownups’ books,or I could find none.I
had gone right from Tom Swift and His Flying Machine to Theodore Dreiser and Sister
Carrie.Dreiser had hit my young mind,and they listened to me tell the story with some of the
wonder that I had had in reading it.
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The next night and many nights thereafter,a kind of unspoken ritual(仪式)took place.As it
grew dark,I would take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the evening’s tale.Some
nights,in order to taste my victory more completely,I cheated.I would stop at the most
exciting part of a story by Jack London or Bret Harte,and without warning tell them that that
was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following
evening.It was not true,of course;but I had to make certain of my new-found power and
position.I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the fall.Other words of
mine have been listened to by larger and more fashionable audiences,but for that tough and
athletic one that sat close on the stoop outside the candy store,I have an unreasoning love that
will last forever.
1.Watching the boys playing baseball, the writer must have felt .
A.bitter and lonely
B.special and different
C.pleased and excited
D.disturbed and annoyed
2.The writer feels grateful even now to the boy who asked the question because the boy
.
A.invited him to join in their game
B.liked the book that he was reading
C.broke the long silence of that summer evening
D.offered him an opportunity that changed his life
3.According to Paragraph 3, story-telling was popular among the boys basically because
.
A.the story was from a children’s book
B.listening to tales was an age-old practice
C.the boys had few entertainments after dark
D.the boys didn’t read books by themselves
4.The boys were attracted to Sister Carrie because .
A.it was written by Theodore Dreiser
B.it was specifically targeted at boys
C.it gave them a deeper feeling of pleasure
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D.it talked about the wonders of the world
5.Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting part of a story to .
A.play a mean trick on the boys
B.experience more joy of achievement
C.add his own imagination to the story
D.help the boys understand the story better
6.What is the message conveyed in the story?
A.One can find his position in life in his own way.
B.Friendship is built upon respect for each other.
C.Reading is more important than playing games.
D.Adult habits are developed from childhood.
答案
[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文,题材为人物故事类。作者讲述了自己在某个夏天的暑假,
原本只是那群玩棒球男生的旁观者,却因为一次偶然的邀请,整个夏天的晚上都在给他们
讲他看过的书中的故事,而且这一经历改变了作者的一生。
1.A 推理判断题。由文章第一段内容,即那些孩子从不邀请他一起玩,因为他们认为他
球技不行,而作者也苦涩地承认了这一点,故A为正确答案。
2.D 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“It was just after one of those long silences that my
life as an outsider changed.”和“but whoever he was,I nod to him gratefully now”以及文章
主旨,可以看出D为正确答案。
3.B 细节理解题。由第三段中的but I think there was another and deeper reason that made
them so keen an audience. Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of the most ancient
of man’s entertainments可以推出B选项“听故事是一种古老的习俗”为正确选项。
4.C 推理判断题。文章第四段最后一句提及“他们带着惊叹听我讲故事,就如同我在读
这个故事时的那种惊叹一样”,由此可以推出C为正确选项。
5.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的...in order to taste my victory more completely,I
cheated.I would stop...可以推出B为正确选项。
6.A 主旨大意题。结合整篇文章尤其是最后一段内容,可以看出这篇文章的主要内容就
是讲述自己通过一件偶然的事情,用一种特殊方式吸引了那些孩子。所以A为正确选项。
[温馨提示]
1.retire to:to go away to a quiet place离开(去安静的地方)
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2.outsider n.局外人
3.bug-eyed adj.惊得目瞪口呆的,眼睛凸出的
4.so keen an audience兴趣十足的听众
5.thereafter adv. 此后
题组三
Passage 1 (2013课标全国Ⅰ,C)
It happened to me recently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading
Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our
President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was,in his words,“a brilliantly(精彩
地)written book”.However,he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which
suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.
And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied
about reading a book which they haven’t.In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty
Secrets”,Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books,and various
authors,which people have lied about reading,and as I’m not one to lie too often(I’d hate to be
caught out),I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to
say that,unlike 42 percent of people,I have read the book at number one,George Orwell’s
1984.I think it’s really brilliant.
The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that
many people lie about having read Jane Austen,Charles Dickens,Fyodor Dostoevsky(I
haven’t read him,but haven’t lied about it either)and Herman Melville.
Asked why they lied,the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking
to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more in-depth!
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy,people named J.K.Rowling,John
Grisham,Sophie Kinsella(ah,the big sellers,in other words).Forty-two percent of people asked
admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(I’ll
come clean:I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).
1.How did the author find his friend a book liar?
A.By judging his manner of speaking.
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B.By looking into his background.
C.By mentioning a famous name.
D.By discussing the book itself.
2.Which of the following is a“guilty secret”according to the World Book Day report?
A.Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.
B.42% of people pretended to have read 1984.
C.The author admitted having read 9 books.
D.Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
3.By lying about reading,a person hopes to .
A.control the conversation
B.appear knowledgeable
C.learn about the book
D.make more friends
4.What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers?
A.Favorable. B.Uncaring.
C.Doubtful. D.Friendly.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文属于夹叙夹议文。题材为文学与艺术。本文讲述了发生在作者身边的
趣事。通过与朋友的交谈,作者发现42%的人对有关书籍内容是一知半解,知之甚少;当
作者问及读者他们最喜欢哪个作者的时候,作者认为58%的读者根本就没有读过名著,让
作者对这部分读者也产生了怀疑。
1.D 细节理解题。由文章第一段可知,作者和朋友交流奥巴马的《父亲之梦》时发现,
他根本不了解奥巴马的背景,让作者感觉到他的朋友在说谎。由此推测,作者在和朋友讨
论《父亲之梦》时,感觉到朋友就是个book liar。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段信息句But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of
people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984.及第三段内容可知,42%
的人其实假装自己看了乔治·奥威尔的《一九八四》这本书。故选B项。
3.B 细节理解题。由文章第三段The World Book Day...It says that many people lie about
having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens...及第四段内容可知,许多人撒谎看了许多名著,
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实际就是为了炫耀自己读书之多、知识丰富。I haven’t read him,but haven’t lied about it
either从侧面就折射出作者说话的意图。
4.C 推理判断题。由文章最后一段特别是astonished可得知,作者对58%的人也产生了
怀疑。故选C。
[高级词块] ①have no idea of不知道 ②catch sb. out抓住某人的短处
[长难句] Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone
they were speaking to.当被问及他们为什么撒谎时,最常见的原因是为了给与之谈话的
人留下深刻的印象。
asked...为过去分词短语作状语,they were speaking to为定语从句,修饰someone。
Passage 2 (2013江苏,C)
If a diver surfaces too quickly,he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his
blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence,if the bubbles(气
泡)accumulate in a joint,is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in
his lungs or his brain,the consequence can be death.
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压)sickness if they surface
too fast:whales,for example.And so,long ago,did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals
got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they
can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone,and consequently weakens
it,sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are
thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of
ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he
particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of
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decompression over the 150 million years.To this end,he and his colleagues traveled the
world’s natural-history museums,looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period
and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started,he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger
fossils,reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead,he
was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous
ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died,but not a single Triassic specimen(标
本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means,they clearly did so quickly—
and,most strangely,they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks
happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator(捕
食动物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of
large sharks and crocodiles,both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic
oceans,by contrast,were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic,then,ichthyosaurs
were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous,they were prey(猎物)as well as
predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.
1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?
A.A twisted body.
B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.
D.A drop in blood pressure.
2.The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see .
A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B.how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
3.Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 .
A.confirmed his assumption
B.speeded up his research process
C.disagreed with his assumption
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D.changed his research objectives
4.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs .
A.failed to evolve an anti-decompression means
B.gradually developed measures against the bends
C.died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D.evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识与现代技术。鱼龙是从大陆迁往海洋
的爬行动物,有可能因上浮过快而患减压病,是鱼龙失去进化能力了吗?欲知详情,请读堪
萨斯大学的布鲁斯·罗斯采尔德对鱼龙在一亿五千万年来如何应对减压问题的研究。
1.A 细节理解题。从文章第二段信息And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these
ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.可知,患有减压病可从骨骼上
看出来,故选A。
2.B 推理判断题。从第三段信息What he particularly wanted to investigate was how
ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.可推测出,
布鲁斯·罗斯采尔德和他的同事们走遍了世界各地的自然历史博物馆,目的就是为了弄清
遨游在大洋中的鱼龙一亿五千万年中是如何应对减压这一问题的。故选B。
3.C 细节理解题。由第四段可知,在开始研究时假定化石越年轻,有减压病症状的骨骼
就会越少,因为它们逐步进化,形成了对抗减压病的机能,然而情况完全相反,这让他非常
吃惊。Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.就是关键的信息点。故选C。
4.A 推理判断题。第五段第一句表明:如果鱼龙的确曾进化得到了一种抗减压病的机能,
那么这种进化一定会发展很快。但是,最为奇特的是,他们后来却失去了这一机能。因此
布鲁斯·罗斯采尔德可能得出结论:鱼龙进化没有得到一种抗减压病机能。故选A。
Passage 3 (2013江苏,D)
Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves
additional praise:the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the
years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous
example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions,Twain planted
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his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else
entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again,in the postwar years,Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of
race.Consider the most controversial,at least today,of Twain’s novels,Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry
Finn,Twain’s most widely read tale.Once upon a time,people hated the book because it struck
them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel
“trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟).”More recently the book has been attacked
because of the character Jim,the escaped slave,and many occurences of the word nigger.(The
term Nigger Jim,for which the novel is often severely criticized,never appears in it.)
But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti-slavery.Jim’s
search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is
heroic.As J.Chadwick has pointed out,the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a
recognition that the slave had two personalities,“the voice of survival within a white slave
culture and the voice of the individual:Jim,the father and the man.”
There is much more.Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’ nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the
racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted
wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites,especially in intelligence,Twain’s tale
centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master’s baby
and,for fear that the child should be sold South,switched him for the master’s baby by his
wife.The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes
and the education of the slave-holding class.The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and
grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss:nurture(养育),not nature,was the key to social status.The
features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech,for example
—were,to Twain,indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its
victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy,for example,by the lengthy passage in
his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his
youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his
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mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing
reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they
did not.
Was Twain a racist?Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of
Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered
moral judgments of the present,we will find nothing but error.Lincoln,who believed the black
man the inferior of the white,fought and won a war to free him.And Twain,raised in a slave
state,briefly a soldier,and inventor of Jim,may have done more to anger the nation over racial
injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
1.How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?
A.Twain was more willing to deal with racism.
B.Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.
C.Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.
D.Twain was openly concerned with racism.
2.Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its .
A.target readers at the bottom
B.anti-slavery attitude
C.rather impolite language
D.frequent use of “nigger”
3.What best proves Twain’s anti-slavery stand according to the author?
A.Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.
B.The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.
C.Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.
D.Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.
4.The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that .
A.slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters
B.slaves’ babies could pick up slave-holders’ way of speaking
C.blacks’ social position was shaped by how they were brought up
D.blacks were born with certain features of prejudice
5.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A.The attacks.
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B.Slavery and prejudice.
C.White men.
D.The shows.
6.What does the author mainly argue for?
A.Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.
B.Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.
C.Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.
D.Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view.
答案
[语篇解读] 被誉为美国小说创始人的马克·吐温,因为抨击种族歧视、唤起民众良知而
深受赞誉。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知,Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题。马
克·吐温则通过故事层面来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视。由此可见马克·吐温对种族歧视的抨
击不那么公开。故答案为B项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,小说Adventures of Huckleberry Finn最近
引发批评主要是因为nigger(黑鬼)一词出现太频繁了。故答案为D项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第四段,美国小说人物Jim是公认的具有双重性格的奴隶:在白
人文化氛围中长大,并且为人父。这点与马克·吐温的反奴隶立场相似,故答案为C项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第六段第一句可知,社会地位的关键是养育的环境,而不是与生
俱来的。由此推断,两个婴儿互换的故事主要说明黑人是通过他们被养育的方式来形成
其社会地位的。
5.D 猜测词义题。根据第七段倒数两句可知,没有理由认为马克·吐温把这些戏剧看做
是代表现实的,而他频繁地抨击奴隶制和偏见表明他清醒的意识,但这些戏剧并无法取代
现实。故they指代上文的the shows。
6.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,在抨击种族歧视和唤起人们的良知方面,马
克·吐温比上一世纪的其他小说家做得更多。故选A。
Passage 4 (2013江西,B)
When international aid is given,steps must be taken to ensure(确保)that the aid reaches
the people for whom it is intended.The way to achieve this may not be simple.It is very
difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation.The United Nations
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Organization(UNO)could undertake to direct the distribution of aid.Here however rises the
problem of costs.Also tied with this is time.Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted
men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and
earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more
effective to give other forms of help during normal times.A common proverb says,“Give me a
fish and I eat for a day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.”If we follow this wise
saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of
themselves.For example,a country could share its technology with another.This could be in
simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in
building satellites.Even a small country is able to help less developed nations.Sometime what
is taken for granted,like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a
school,could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems.It
does not cost much to share such simple things.Exchange students could be attached for a
number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site.They can then take
their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to
clear doubts or to update themselves.Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it
being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills.It will not cost much to include
deserving foreigners in these courses.Besides giving effective help to the countries
concerned,there is also the build-up of friendships to consider.Giving direct help by giving
materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of
emergencies.However,in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of
knowledge.
1.According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?
A.By solving the cost problems.
B.By solving the transportation problems.
C.By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
D.By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
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2.What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?
A.Providing food is vital.
B.Learning to fish is helpful.
C.Teaching skills is essential.
D.Looking after others is important.
3.The second paragraph is developed mainly .
A.by example
B.by process
C.by comparison
D.by contrast
4.Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?
A.A medical team.
B.An exchange program.
C.A water plant.
D.Financial support.
5.What can we infer about international aid from the passage?
A.It is facing difficulties.
B.It is unnecessary during normal times.
C.It should be given in the form of materials.
D.It has gained support from developed countries.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材为社会与热点。本文叙述了联合国组织如何把帮助给
真正需要帮助的人,最后得出中心观点。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body
of devoted men and women”可知选C项。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句“If we follow this wise saying, it would be
right to teach people from less developed nations...”,可知选C项。Give me a fish and I eat
for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.意为:授人以鱼不如授人以渔。
3.A 推理判断题。通读第二段可知,本段用了几个例子来阐明如何更有效地在正常时期
帮助较不发达的国家,如帮助他们种植净化水质的植物,提供医疗帮助,派遣交换生学习先
进知识和经验等,故选A项。
第 132 页 共 155 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
4.D 细节理解题。此题用排除法,根据文章第二段第五句中的“medical and health care”
排除A项;根据文章第二段倒数第三句中的“Exchange students”排除B项;根据文章第二
段倒数第五句中的“a water purification plant”排除C项。
5.A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第三句“It is very difficult for a nation to give help
directly to people in another nation.”和第五、六句“Here however rises the problem of
costs. And tied with this is time.”可知,国际救援遇到了困难。
Passage 5 (2013江西,D)
One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring
nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers.Indeed,a rosy picture is
painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.Every month sees the building of a
new hotel somewhere.And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as
the‘last paradise(天堂)on earth’.
However,the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want
to enjoy.In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side
holidays,over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose
their appeal.
Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most.In recent years,Nepal set out
to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education.Its forests,full of
wildlife and rare flowers,were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise.In fact,the
nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest
land.Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers,with the consequent exploitation of
precious trees and plants.
Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism.The
people as well rapidly feel its effects.Farmland makes way for hotels,roads and airports;the
old way of life goes.The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national
organization;he is no longer his own master.Once it was his back that bore the pain;now it is
his smile that is exploited.No doubt he wonders whether he wasn’t happier in his village
working his own land.
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Thankfully,the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those
countries that receive its customers.The protection of wildlife and the creation of national
parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from
tourist companies.At the same time,tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the
countryside they visit but also its people.
The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries
we all want to visit.Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist
companies.Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market
for these companies.If not,in a few years’ time the very things that attract tourists now may
well have been destroyed.
1.What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?
A.The Pacific island is a paradise.
B.The Pacific island is worth visiting.
C.The advertisement is not convincing.
D.The advertisement is not impressive.
2.The example of Nepal is used to suggest .
A.its natural resources are untouched
B.its forests are exploited for farmland
C.it develops well in health and education
D.it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists
3.What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?
A.They are happy to work their own lands.
B.They have to please the tourists for a living.
C.They have to struggle for their independence.
D.They are proud of working in multi-national organizations.
4.Which of the following determines the future of tourism?
A.The number of tourists.
B.The improvement of services.
C.The promotion of new products.
D.The management of tourism.
5.The author’s attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is .
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A.optimistic
B.doubtful
C.objective
D.negative
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为议论文,题材是世界和环境类。众所周知旅游业可以给当地经济发
展带来无限商机,尤其是一些欠发达国家和地区。但是盲目无序地发展旅游业也会给当
地环境带来危害,甚至是致命危害。那我们该怎么平衡旅游业和环保之间的关系呢?
1.C 推理判断题。第一段中作者描述:每个月都会看到某个地方在建一座新宾馆,每个
月都会看到太平洋中的某个小岛打出广告:这儿是世上最后的一处天堂。由作者的语气
我们可以推断出这样的广告已经没有什么说服力了,故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。第三段作者引用了尼泊尔发展旅游业为例,其初衷是为当地的教育和
卫生事业提供资金,但是很快这儿的自然环境就受到了旅游业的影响。现在这个国家正
经受着旅游业带来的痛苦,故选D项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Once it was his back that bore the pain;now it is his
smile that is exploited.“过去是他的脊背在承受痛苦,现在是人们开发利用他的微笑”推断
出现在他们为了谋生不得不用自己的微笑来取悦游客,故选B项。
4.D 推理判断题。倒数第二段第二句说,野生生物的保护,国家公园的创建要和旅游业
的发展同时进行,又根据倒数第一段第一句,未来十年,如何管理旅游业将决定旅游业的命
运和我们要去参观的国家的命运。由此可推断出D项符合题意。
5.C 推理判断题。综观全文可知作者的态度是客观的。A:乐观的;B:怀疑的;C:客观
的;D:消极的。故选C项。
[长难句] The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and
that of the countries we all want to visit.旅游业在未来10年里的运行模式将决定该行
业本身的命运,并且也将决定那些我们都想去参观的国家的命运。
该句的主语是the way,tourism is handled in the next ten years是定语从句修饰the
way。代词that代替的是the fate,we all want to visit也是定语从句,修饰先行词
countries。
Passage 6 (2013辽宁,C)
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Here is an astonishing and significant fact:Mental work alone can’t make us tired.It
sounds absurd.But a few years ago,scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could
labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳).To the amazement of these scientists,they
discovered that blood passing through the brain,when it is active,shows no fatigue at all!If we
took a drop of blood from a day laborer,we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素)and
fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein,it would show no
fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned,it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even
twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感
的)attitudes.One of England’s most outstanding scientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part
of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact,fatigue of purely physical
origin is rare.”Dr.Brill,a famous American scientist,goes even further.He declares,“One
hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional
problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!A feeling of being
bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the
emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired
because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
1.What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood.
B.Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn out after a day’s work.
C.The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.
D.A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins.
2.According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?
A.Challenging mental work.
B.Unpleasant emotions.
C.Endless tasks.
D.Physical labor.
3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the scientists’ ideas?
A.He agrees with them.
第 136 页 共 155 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
B.He doubts them.
C.He argues against them.
D.He hesitates to accept them.
4.We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic,sitting workers need to
.
A.have some good food
B.enjoy their work
C.exercise regularly
D.discover fatigue toxins
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为科学发现,主要介绍一项惊人发现:脑力工作本身不会
使人感到疲劳。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“To the amazement of these...shows no fatigue at all!”可
知让科学家惊讶的是大脑工作时不会显示出疲劳,故选C项。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话可知导致我们疲劳的主要是不良的情绪,故选
B项。
3.A 推理判断题。结合全文尤其是文章第一句话可知作者对这一新的科学发现虽然感
到震惊但又认为它是一个具有重要意义的事实,故选A项。
4.B 推理判断题。由文章最后两段可知导致坐着工作的人们疲劳的主要原因是不良的
情绪,因此要想保持活力必须保持愉悦的心情,故选B项。
[长难句] To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing
through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all!让这些科学家们惊讶的是,
他们发现当大脑思维活跃的时候,流经大脑的血液根本没有显现疲劳的迹象!
句中that引导的从句作discovered的宾语;在宾语从句中,现在分词短语passing through
the brain作blood的后置定语,when引导时间状语从句。
Passage 7 (2013山东,C)
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You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail
Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should
result in you getting wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella,a lamp post with its own rain-
sensing umbrella.
The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in
Russia.“Once,I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps
lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a
canopy(伞篷) built into a street lamp,”he said.
The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a
built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器) then
ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor,there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp
which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used
the canopy is closed.
According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to
cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning
strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed (安装)
at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production,Belyaev says he recently
introduced his creation to one Moscow Department,and insists his creation could be installed
on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.
1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?
A.To predict a heavy rain.
B.To check the weather forecast.
C.To protect people from the rain.
D.To remind people to take an umbrella.
2.What do we know from Belyaev’s words in Paragraph 2?
第 138 页 共 155 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
A.His creation was inspired by an experience.
B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.
C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.
D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.
3.Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?
A.motor→canopy→sensors
B.sensors→motor→canopy
C.motor→sensors→canopy
D.canopy→motor→sensors
4.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?
A.Its moving speed.
B.Its appearance.
C.Its installation.
D.Its safety.
5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.The designer will open a company to promote his product.
B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.
C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.
D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材是发明与现代技术类。走在大街上突遇大雨而又没有
带雨具该怎么办?一位有心人在圣彼得堡街头的一次经历让他产生了一种发明的想法:灯
杆伞篷。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知他设计这种雨伞的目的就是为了保护行人免受
雨淋之苦,故选C项。
2.A 推理判断题。第二段提到一次在圣彼得堡街头路灯照耀下他看到很多人试图避雨,
于是就产生了设计这种雨伞的想法。由此推断出他的发明创造来自一次经历,故选A项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中对灯杆伞篷的工作原理的描述可知B项正确。
4.D 主旨大意题。第五段主要是告诉我们灯杆伞篷是很安全的,故选D项。A项是该段
的一个细节;该段没有提及它的外表样子,排除B项;C项“它的安装”,也是一个细节。
第 139 页 共 155 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
5.C 推理判断题。最后一段中说他坚持认为自己设计的这种雨伞可以在任何行人多但
没有伞篷提供保护的街道上安装,由此推断出他认为自己的设计非常实用,故选C项。
[长难句] While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev
says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his
creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no
canopies to provide shelter.尽管现在还没有计划将这种灯杆伞篷投入生产,但Belyaev说
他最近把他的发明介绍给了莫斯科的一个部门,并坚持认为他的发明能够安装在任何行
人很多但没有伞篷提供保护的街道上。
这里while引导的是一个让步状语从句,while=although尽管、虽然。主句的主语
Belyaev有两个并列谓语动词says和insists。其中where引导的定语从句修饰先行词
street。
Passage 8 (2013陕西,D)
About 30 years ago,I left Cuba for the United States with my son.After getting settled
finally in Brunswick,New Jersey,I enrolled(注册)my son in kindergarten.Several weeks
later,my son’s teacher asked me to meet him at his office.
In the teacher’s office,an exchange of greetings was followed by his questions:“Is your son
mentally retarded(弱智的)?Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability?”
Was he talking about my wonderful Scola?No,no,it can’t be.What a helpless,lonely moment!I
told him that Scola was a quiet,sweet little boy,instead.I asked him why he was asking me all
these questions.
My son could not follow the teacher’s directions,he told me,and thus,Scola was disrupting
the class.Didn’t he know my son did not speak English yet?
He was angry:“Why hasn’t your son been taught to speak English?Don’t you speak English at
home?”
No,I didn’t speak English at home,I replied.I was sure my son would learn English in a couple
of months,and I didn’t want him to forget his native language.Well,wrong answer!What kind
of person would not speak in English to her son at home and at all times?“Are you one of
those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their
country,never wanting to be a part of this society?”
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Needless to say,I tried to tell him I was not one of “those people”.Then he told me the
meeting was over,and I left.
As I had expected,my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was
over.He went on to graduate from college and got a job,earning close to six figures.He travels
widely and leads a well-adjusted,contented life.And he has benefited from being bilingual(双
语的).
Speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others;it teaches people
about other cultures and other places—something very basic and obviously lacking in
the“educator”I met in New Jersey.
1.The teacher asked the author to his office .
A.to discuss Scola’s in-class performance
B.to get Scola enrolled in kindergarten
C.to find a language partner for Scola
D.to work out a study plan for Scola
2.What does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Breaking. B.Following.
C.Attending. D.Disturbing.
3.The author’s attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as .
A.critical B.casual
C.positive D.passive
4.This text is likely to be selected from a book of .
A.medicine B.education
C.geography D.history
答案
[语篇解读] 作者的儿子因不会说英语而被老师认为是弱智,老师因此把作者叫到了学
校。作者以积极的态度应对,正如作者所期望的,儿子学会了一口流利的英语,大学毕业后
儿子的职业生涯获得了极大成功。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话可知答案。
2.D 猜测词义题。由于作者的儿子不会说英语,所以跟不上老师的课堂指令,这会扰乱
课堂秩序。A:打破,使碎裂;B:跟随,遵循;C:参加,出席;D:妨碍,打扰。
第 141 页 共 155 页曲一线 2023版《5年高考3年模拟》B版
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“作者的儿子正如作者所期望的那样学会了说一口
流利的英语”可知,作者鼓励孩子努力学习英语,对于双语学习持有积极的态度。
4.B 推理判断题。通过整篇文章的大意可知它是关于学校教育问题的,最有可能选自教
育方面的书籍。
[长难句] I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months,and I didn’t
want him to forget his native language.我确信我儿子在几个月里会学会英语,而且我不
想让他忘记母语。
本句是并列句。and连接两个并列分句;第一个分句中是I am/was sure(that)...结构。
Passage 9 (2013四川,D)
Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia (怀旧).It’s fun to come home.It
looks the same.It smells the same.You’ll realize what’s changed is you.Home is where we can
remember pain,love,and some other experiences:We parted here;My parents met here;I won
three championships here.
If I close my eyes,I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home.I walk in the door
and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass-top wooden table.To the right of the living
room is my first bedroom.It’s empty,but it’s where my earliest memories are.
There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays,and where I cried on Halloween—
when I didn’t want to wear the skirt my mother made for me.I always liked standing on that
table because it made me feel tall and strong.If I sit at this table,I can see my favorite room in
the house,my parents’ room.It is simple:a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the
wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side.Their bed is
my safe zone.I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an
important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.
I’m lucky because I know my first home still exists.It exists in my mind and heart,on a
physical property (住宅)on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.It is proof I
lived,I grew,and I learned.
Sometimes when I feel lost,I lie down and shut my eyes,and I go home.I know it’s where I’ll
find my family,my dogs,and my belongings.I purposely leave the window open at night
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because I know I’ll be blamed by Mom.But I don’t mind,because I want to hear her say my
name,which reminds me I’m home.
1.Why does the author call her parents’ bed her“safe zone”(Paragraph 3)?
A.It is her favorite place to play.
B.Her needs can be satisfied there.
C.Her grandparents’ photos are lined on each side.
D.Her parents always play together with her there.
2.What can be learned from the passage?
A.The old furniture is still in the author’s first bedroom.
B.The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.
C.The author’s favorite room in her first home is the dining room.
D.Many people of the author’s age can still find their first physical homes.
3.Sometimes when she feels lost, the author will .
A.open the window at night
B.lie down in bed to have a dream
C.try to bring back a sense of home
D.go to Los Angeles to visit her mom
4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A.To express how much she is attached to her home.
B.To declare how much she loves her first house.
C.To describe the state of her family.
D.To look back on her childhood.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了作者对家的感受,尤其是对自己第一个家的感怀。
1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知作者在父母的床上能做很多事情,故选
B项“她的需要能在父母的床上得到满足”。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中It’s empty可知A项错误;根据第三段中I can see my
favorite room in the house, my parents’ room可知C项错误。D项文章没提。根据倒数第
二段第一句I’m lucky because I know my first home still exists.可推断出选B。
3.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句Sometimes when I feel lost,I lie down and
shut my eyes,and I go home.可以推断出作者迷茫的时候总是努力找回家的感觉,故选C。
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4.A 推理判断题。全文处处体现出作者对家的依恋。
Passage 10 (2013天津,D)
When asked about happiness,we usually think of something extraordinary,an absolute
delight,which seems to get rarer the older we get.
For kids,happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike
is unreserved(毫无掩饰的).
In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly it’s conditional on such
things as excitement,love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to
dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.
In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love,marriage,birth—also bring responsibility
and the risk of loss.For adults,happiness is complicated(复杂的).
My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”.The more we can enjoy what we
have,the happier we are.It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of
friends,the freedom to live where we please,and even good health.
I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the
last lunch-box and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning
writing,which I love.When the kids and my husband came home,I enjoyed their noise after
the quiet of the day.
Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying
work.I don’t think that my grandmother,who raised 14 children,had much of either.She did
have a network of close friends and family,and maybe this is what satisfied her.
We,however,with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area,have turned
happiness into one more thing we’ve got to have.We’re so self-conscious about our“right”to it
that it’s making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without
noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.
Happiness isn’t about what happens to us—it’s about how we see what happens to us.It’s the
skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.It’s not wishing for what we don’t
have,but enjoying what we do possess.
1.As people grow older, they .
A.feel it harder to experience happiness
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B.associate their happiness less with others
C.will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness
D.tend to believe responsibility means happiness
2.What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 6?
A.She cares little about her own health.
B.She enjoys the freedom of traveling.
C.She is easily pleased by things in daily life.
D.She prefers getting pleasure from housework.
3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?
A.Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.
B.Psychologists’ opinion is well proved by Grandma’s case.
C.Grandma often found time for social gatherings.
D.Grandma’s happiness came from modest expectations of life.
4.People who equal happiness with wealth and success .
A.consider pressure something blocking their way
B.stress their right to happiness too much
C.are at a loss to make correct choices
D.are more likely to be happy
5.What can be concluded from the passage?
A.Happiness lies between the positive and the negative.
B.Each man is the master of his own fate.
C.Success leads to happiness.
D.Happy is he who is content.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了随着我们年龄的增加和对成功追求压力的加大,我们逐渐忽略
了身边快乐的存在。在生活中容易满足的人会更快乐。
1.A 细节理解题。由第一段的...which seems to get rarer the older we get.可知,我们年龄
越大,快乐似乎就会越少。故选A项。
2.C 推理判断题。第五段主要讲了作者对快乐的理解:我们越享受我们所拥有的,我们
就会越快乐。第六段主要讲了作者的一次经历,孩子和丈夫的吵闹声也让作者感受到了
快乐。所以从这两段我们可以得知作者很容易从日常生活中感到快乐。故选C项。
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3.D 推理判断题。本段心理学家认为快乐的来源是有可以享受的休闲时间和令人满意
的工作。而作者的奶奶对于心理学家认为的快乐来源都没有,但是有自己的朋友和亲人,
这或许是让奶奶满意也是快乐的事情。故选D项(奶奶的快乐来自对生活适度的期
盼。)。
4.B 推理判断题。第八段告诉我们:在每个领域我们有太多的选择和追求成功的压力,
我们已经把快乐变成了另外一个东西,甚至把它等同于财富和成功,但是我们没有注意到
其实拥有财富和成功的人不一定更快乐。故选B项。
5.D 推理判断题。本篇文章的中心段是最后一段。在最后一段作者指出我们的快乐不
是去期望我们没有得到的东西,而是要享受我们所拥有的。故选D项。
[长难句] When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary,
an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.当我们被问及快乐的时
候,我们经常会想到一些不同寻常的东西,一种完全的愉悦,而这种快乐随着我们年龄的增
大似乎变得越来越少了。
When(we are)asked about happiness,相当于一个由when引导的省略了主语和系动词be
的时间状语从句;an absolute delight是前面something extraordinary的同位语;which引
导的是一个非限制定语从句,先行词是something extraordinary,在定语从句中作主语。
Passage 11 (2013浙江,D)
In 1974,after filling out fifty applications,going through four interviews,and winning one
offer,I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area:western
New Jersey.My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would
be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English.
School started,but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country.Was this rural area
really New Jersey?My students took a week off when hunting season began.I was told they
were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms.I was a
young woman from New York City,who thought that“Make hay while the sun shines”just
meant to have a good time.
But,still,I was teaching English.I worked hard,taking time off only to eat and sleep.And then
there was my sixth-grade class—seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years
younger than me.I had a problem long before I knew it.I was struggling in my work as a
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young idealistic teacher.I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the
written word.The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of
the room.
In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior.So I
did,confident that,as the textbook had said,the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my
students positive attention.It sounds reasonable,but the text evidently ignored the fact that
humans,particularly teenagers,rarely seem reasonable.By the time my boss,who was also my
taskmaster,known to be the strictest,most demanding,most quick to fire inexperienced
teachers,came into the classroom to observe me,the students exhibited very little good
behavior to praise.
My boss sat in the back of the room.The boys in the class were making animal noises,hitting
each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines.I just pretended it all wasn’t
happening,and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions.My boss,sitting in
the back of the room,seemed to be growing bigger and bigger.After twenty minutes he
left,silently.Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.
I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying,but at my next free
period I had to face him.I wondered if he would let me finish out the day.I walked to his
office,took a deep breath,and opened the door.
He was sitting in his chair,and he looked at me long and hard.I said nothing.All I could think
of was that I was not an English teacher;I had been lying to myself,pretending that everything
was fine.
When he spoke,he said simply,without accusation,“You had nothing to say to them.”
“You had nothing to say to them,”he repeated.“No wonder they’re bored.Why not get to the
meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism.Talk with them,not at them.And more
important,why do you ignore their bad behavior?”We talked.He named my problems and
offered solutions.We role-played.He was the bad student,and I was the
forceful,yet,warm,teacher.
As the year progressed,we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human
beings and their motivations.He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths.In
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short,he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson’s words:“The secret to
education lies in respecting the pupil.”
Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the same school.Thanks to the help I
received that difficult first year,the school is my home now.
1.It can be inferred from the story that in 1974 .
A.the writer became an optimistic person
B.the writer was very happy about her new job
C.it was rather difficult to get a job in the USA
D.it was easy to get a teaching job in New Jersey
2.According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writer’s problem as a
new teacher?
A.She had blind trust in what she learnt at college.
B.She didn’t ask experienced teachers for advice.
C.She took too much time off to eat and sleep.
D.She didn’t like teaching English literature.
3.What is the writer’s biggest worry after her taskmaster’s observation of her class?
A.She might lose her teaching job.
B.She might lose her students’ respect.
C.She couldn’t teach the same class any more.
D.She couldn’t ignore her students’ bad behavior any more.
4.Which of the following gives the writer a sense of mild victory?
A.Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing.
B.Her students behaved a little better than usual.
C.She managed to finish the class without crying.
D.She was invited for a talk by her boss after class.
5.The students behaved badly in the writer’s classes because .
A.they were eager to embarrass her
B.she didn’t really understand them
C.they didn’t regard her as a good teacher
D.she didn’t have a good command of English
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6.The taskmaster’s attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be best
described as .
A.cruel but encouraging
B.fierce but forgiving
C.sincere and supportive
D.angry and aggressive
答案
[语篇解读] 这是一篇记叙文,题材为工作生活。作者讲述了自己大学毕业后找到理想
的教师职业,然而发现教学并不是书本中所讲的那么容易。后来在领导的帮助下,作者从
一个不懂教学艺术的新老师成长为一名不仅有着较深文学造诣而且更懂得教育真谛并
深爱自己事业的好老师。
1.C 推理判断题。从第一段“...after filling out fifty applications...I took what I could get
—a teaching job at...a distant wild area”,可以看出作者付出巨大努力才找到一份地处偏远
的工作,可见当时工作不好找。故C项正确。
2.A 细节理解题。作者只有在学校学习的知识,而没有实际工作的经验,尤其是对当地
的情况很不了解,对所教学生的情况和他们的需求也不了解,所以教学工作无法开展,故选
A。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第五段“Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes”可知
作者此时预见到了被解雇的可能性,这也正是作者所担心的。因而A项正确。
4.C 细节理解题。由第六段第一句可知C项正确。
5.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段可知作者之前只是停留在教学的形式上,而不知
道教育的真谛所在。从而得知作者之前不懂学生。故B项正确。
6.C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二、三、四段的内容可知当时学监诚恳地面对作者,
又耐心地指出作者的问题所在并提供解决办法。
Passage 12 (2013重庆,A)
The morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching,and I’d been in an argument with
a friend.Her words still hurt:“The trouble with you is that you won’t put yourself in my
place.Can’t you see things from my point of view?”I shook my head stubbornly—and felt the
ache in my tooth.I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the
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pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could
see me immediately.Finally,at about lunchtime,I got lucky.
“If you come by right now,”the receptionist said,“the dentist will fit you in.”
I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt about the
dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?Why
wasn’t he as busy as the others?
In the dentist’s office,I sat down and looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I
became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand
over my ice-cold one.
When I told her my fears,she laughed and said,“Don’t worry.The dentist is very good.”
“How long do I have to wait for him?”I asked impatiently.
“Come on,he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork,”the assistant said.
“The artwork?”I was puzzled.
The chair went back.Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture,right where I could
enjoy it:on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was!At that moment,I began to understand
what my friend meant by her words.
What a relief!
1.Which of the following best describes the author’s feeling that morning?
A.Cheerful. B.Nervous.
C.Satisfied. D.Upset.
2.What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?
A.The dentist’s agreeing to treat her at very short notice.
B.The dentist’s being as busy as the other dentists.
C.The surroundings of the dentist’s office.
D.The laughing assistant of the dentist.
3.Why did the author suddenly smile?
A.Because the dentist came at last.
B.Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.
C.Because she could relax in the chair.
D.Because the assistant kept comforting her.
4.What did the author learn from her experience most probably?
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A.Strike while the iron is hot.
B.Have a good word for one’s friend.
C.Put oneself in others’ shoes.
D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章通过讲述“我”看牙医的一次经历,揭示了在解决问题时要学会换位
思考的道理。
1.D 推理判断题。第一段中讲到早上“我”不但和朋友发生了争吵而且牙齿疼痛难忍,
由这些描述可推断当时“我”很烦躁,故选D项。cheerful快活的,兴高采烈的,高兴
的;nervous紧张的;satisfied满意的;upset烦乱的,不高兴的。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat
someone at such short notice?”可知选A项。
3.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful
picture,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling.”可知答案为B项。
4.C 推理判断题。牙医站在患者的角度在天花板上粘贴图画这一事件让“我”开始明
白了朋友所说的“The trouble with you is that you won’t put yourself in my place.Can’t you
see things from my point of view?”这一句话的内涵:换位思考,故选C项。A:趁热打铁;D:
患难见真情。
Passage 13 (2013重庆,C)
Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels,yet no one knows exactly when the
first wheel was invented or what it was used for.We do know,however,that they existed over
5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years
old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for a
while,though.This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming
tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation.While wheels need to roll on smooth
surfaces,roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of
demand for them.Eventually,road surfaces did become smoother,but this difficult situation
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appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and
vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid-1700s,a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer(层)of large
stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the
1820s and a strong,lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time,metal
hubs(the central part of a wheel)came into being,followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎)
in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967,sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked
roads(柏油路).As wheel design took off,vehicles got faster and faster.
1.What might explain why transport wheels didn’t become popular for some time?
A.Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B.Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C.Animals were a good means of transport.
D.The existence of transport wheels was not known.
2.What do we know about road design from the passage?
A.It was easier than wheel design.
B.It improved after big changes in vehicle design.
C.It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.
D.It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
3.How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A.By giving examples.
B.By making comparisons.
C.By following time order.
D.By making classifications.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The beginning of road design.
B.The development of transport wheels.
C.The history of public transport.
D.The invention of fast-moving vehicles.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类,主要介绍了车轮的历史演变。
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1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中最后一句话可知大概由于动物当时能很好地运输农具
和人,车轮在一段时间内并不流行,故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。第三段最后一句话提到在现代道路设计出现之前,车轮及车辆设计没
有发生重大的变化,第四段中又提到在坚固和耐用的路面出现之后不久充气轮胎就诞生
了。由此可推断路况的改善是车轮设计发展的先决条件,故选D项。
3.C 推理判断题。根据In the mid-1700s,in the 1820s,At around the same time,followed
by...in 1846,in 1967,sixty years after可知最后一段主要以时间顺序展开写作,故选C项。
4.B 主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了车轮的诞生,接下来介绍了车轮的发展,故选B项。
Passage 14 (2012课标全国,C)
About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影
棚)to take part in a crowd-scene.Although our“act”would last only for a short time,we could
see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene,setting up trees at the
edge of a winding path.Very soon,bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was
wheeled into position.The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to
speak to the two famous actors nearby.Since it was hot in the studio,it came as a surprise to us
to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path.A big fan
began blowing tiny white feathers down on him,and soon the trees were covered
in“snow”.Two more fans were turned on,and a“strong wind”blew through the trees.The
picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast(对比).The way it was filmed was quite
unusual.Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen.An actor and
actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an
island.By a simple trick like this,palm trees,sandy beaches,and blue,clear skies had been
brought into the studio!
Since it was our turn next,we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us.For a
full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film“stars”!
1.Who is the author?
A.A cameraman.
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B.A film director.
C.A crowd-scene actor.
D.A workman for scene setting.
2.What made the author feel cold?
A.The heavy snowfall.
B.The man-made scene.
C.The low temperature.
D.The film being shown.
3.What would happen in the“three minutes”mentioned in the last paragraph?
A.A new scene would be filmed.
B.More stars would act in the film.
C.The author would leave the studio.
D.The next scene would be prepared.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者和其他19个人有幸作为群众演员参加电影拍摄,文章记叙了作者的所
见所闻。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话可知,作者和其他19个人是群众演员。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知,为了拍摄设置了一些人造的场景,这些场景
非常逼真,由本段最后一句话可以得出使作者感到很冷的是这些人造场景。
3.A 推理判断题。第二段和第三段分别叙述了两个不同的场景,最后一段提到现在轮到
作者他们了,由此可知,一个新的场景即将开始拍摄。
[长难句] 1.About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a
film?studio to take part in a crowd?scene.我们大约二十个人很幸运地受到了邀请到一
个电影摄影棚去参加一个群众演员场景的拍摄。
本句含有enough...to do的结构,表示“足够的……,以至于……”的含义;动词不定式to
receive invitations to a film?studio表结果,而另外的一个动词不定式to take part in a
crowd?scene表目的。
2.A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him,and soon the trees were
covered in“snow”.Two more fans were turned on,and a“strong wind”blew through the
trees.一台大风扇从他上面吹出细小的白色羽毛,不久,这些树就被“雪”所覆盖;另外的
两个风扇也被打开,一阵强烈的风吹过这些树。
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两个and都连接并列句,表示时间上的承接关系;这两句话形象地描绘了拍电影时“人造
场景”的过程。
3.For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of
being film“stars”!在接下来的三分钟的时间里,我们将会体验到成为电影明星的兴奋。
谓语would be experiencing采用了过去将来进行时态的用法,表示“按照计划在将来的
某个时间点或时间段正在发生的动作”。
4.We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene,setting up
trees at the edge of a winding path.当工作人员在准备场景,在弯曲的小路边栽树时,我
们都站在远处。
as workmen prepared the scene是一个时间状语从句,as相当于when;setting up trees at
the edge of a winding path是现在分词短语作伴随状语,补充说明workmen的行为。
5.An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were
at the water's edge on an island.一个男演员和女演员站在场景的前面,这样他们看起来
就像站在一个小岛的海岸上。
as if引导的从句常常采用虚拟语气。当从句与现在事实相反时,从句一般用过去时,be
的过去式通常用were;当从句与过去事实相反时,从句一般用过去完成时。
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