01 人与社会--科学与技术
Passage 1
（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）
Natural disasters like earthquakes and storms can pull down buildings easily. It's difficult
for the search and rescue teams (搜救队) to find those who are trapped (陷于困境) in the fallen
buildings.
But an unlikely assistant, mice, is being trained up to help out. The project started by
Belgian APOPO, is planning to tie tiny, high-tech backpacks to mice to help search for survivors
(幸存者).
“Mice like to explore — and that is key for search and rescue.” said Donna Kean, a scientist
and leader of the project.“ Besides, their small size and excellent sense of smell make them perfect
for locating (定位) things in small spaces.”
The mice are being trained in a basic environment at present. They must first locate the
target (目标) person in an empty room, pull a switch that starts an alarm on their clothes, and then
return home, where they are given a treat.
For the next part of training, Kean said the team would create “disaster-similar areas”. Once
the mice are confident in these areas, the project will move to Turkey for further preparation in
more real environments. If that goes well, the mice would probably enter real- life situations.
The mice are still in the early progress of training. And APOPO is working with the
Eindhoven University of Technology to develop a backpack with a video camera, a two-way
microphone, and a locating tool to help communicate with survivors.
“Together with the backpack and the training, the mice are very useful for search and
rescue,” said Kean. “Even if our mice find just one survivor, we would be happy to know they
have made a difference somewhere.”
1．According to the passage, What’s the reason for mice to be chosen for search and rescue?
① Because their nature of exploring.
② Because their small sizes.
③ Because their ability to smell something.④ Because their perfect eyesight in the dark.
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④
2．Which paragraph tells how the mice are trained?
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2.
C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Donna Kean is a survivor in an earthquake.
B．The mice are being trained in real-life situations.
C．APOPO scientists haven’t invented the high-tech backpack.
D．The mice are often given a treat before they complete the task.
4．What does Donna Kean think of the project?
A．Nervous. B．Interesting.
C．Hopeful. D．Impossible.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了比利时APOPO 开始了一个项目，计划给老鼠绑上
微型高科技背包，以帮助搜寻幸存者。科学家唐娜·基恩表示，老鼠喜欢探索，体型小且嗅
觉灵敏，非常适合在狭小空间内寻找东西。目前老鼠正在基本环境中接受训练，而未来计
划在类似灾难的环境中进行更多训练。此外，APOPO还与埃因霍温科技大学合作开发了装
有摄像头、双向麦克风和定位工具的背包，以帮助与幸存者沟通。科学家认为，结合背包
和训练，老鼠对于搜救工作非常有用。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段““Mice like to explore — and that is key for search and rescue.”
said Donna Kean. a scientist and leader of the project.“ Besides, their small size and excellent
sense of smell make them perfect for locating (定位) things in small spaces.””（“老鼠喜欢探索，
这是搜救的关键。唐娜·基恩说。这个项目的科学家和领导者。“此外，它们的体积小，嗅
觉灵敏，非常适合在小空间里定位东西。”）可知，根据文章，选择老鼠进行搜救的原因
是它们喜欢探索，体型较小且嗅觉灵敏。故选A项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The mice are being trained in a basic environment at present.
They must first locate the target (目标) person in an empty room, pull a switch that starts an alarm
on their clothes, and then return home, where they are given a treat.”（这些老鼠正在一个基本的
环境中接受训练。它们必须首先在一个空房间里找到目标人物，拉动衣服上的开关，启动警报，然后回家，在那里它们会得到奖励。）可知，第四段讲述了老鼠是如何被训练的。
故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And APOPO is working with the Eindhoven University
of Technology to develop a backpack with a video camera, a two-way microphone, and a locating
tool to help communicate with survivors.”（APOPO正在与埃因霍温理工大学合作开发一种带
有摄像机、双向麦克风和定位工具的背包，以帮助与幸存者沟通。）由此可知，该高科技
背包还在开发阶段，APOPO的科学家还未真正地发明出这种背包。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Together with the backpack and the training, the mice are
very useful for search and rescue,” said Kean. “Even if our mice find just one survivor, we would
be happy to know they have made a difference somewhere.””（“加上背包和训练，老鼠在搜
救中非常有用，”基恩说。“即使我们的老鼠只找到了一个幸存者，我们也会很高兴知道
他们在某个地方起了作用。”）可推知，唐娜·基恩认为这个项目很有希望。故选C项。
Passage 2
（23-24高三下·云南昆明·阶段练习）This can be fun: a TikTok account on which an
artificial Tom Cruise wearing a purple robe sings “Tiny Dancer” to (the real) Paris Hilton holding
a toy dog has attracted 5.1m followers. It is now possible to generate fake content with little more
than the click of a mouse. A profound change is happening in societies that have long regarded
images, video and audio as solid proof to prove that something is real.
The fundamental problem is an old one. From the printing press to the internet, new
technologies have made it easier to spread untruths or imitate the real. Typically, humans have
used shortcuts to discover foul play, for example, AI-generated images of people have often been
betrayed by their strangely behaved hands.
The trouble is that the fakes are rapidly getting harder to spot since AI is improving all the
time with computing power and training data becoming more abundant. Could AI-powered fake-
detection software, built into web browsers, identify computer-generated content? Sadly not.
Eventually AI models will probably be able to produce digital clones of a genuine recording of an
event.
Yet societies will also adapt to the fakers. People will learn that images, audio or video of
something do not prove that it happened. Online content will no longer prove itself, so who postedsomething will become as important as what was posted. Assuming trustworthy sources can
continue to identify themselves securely via URLs, email addresses and social -media platforms,
reputation and origin will become more important than ever. The fact that people may soon
struggle to spot the invisible hand of AI does not mean the marketplace of ideas is bound to fall.
With time passing, the fakes that thrive will mostly be some funny ones.
5．What issue does the author present at the beginning?
A．Artificial performance is popular worldwide.
B．Fake content is easy to create at present time.
C．Great changes brought by AI are happening now.
D．Images, video and audio are solid proof to reality.
6．What do the underlined words “foul play” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Profound changes.
B．Diverse technologies.
C．Fundamental problems.
D．Untrustworthy contents.
7．Which factor is more significant for people to identify fakers?
A．Reliable sources.
B．Secure web browsers.
C．Hot social media platforms.
D．Powerful fake-detection softwares.
8．Which of the following best describes the author's attitude to human ideas?
A．Skeptical. B．Critical.
C．Dismissive. D．Positive.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述新技术使得作假越来越容易，且人们越来越难以
发现假冒的内容，网络上的内容将不再自行验证其真实性，因此内容发布者将变得与内容
本身一样重要。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This can be fun: a TikTok account on which an artificial Tom
Cruise wearing a purple robe sings ‘Tiny Dancer’ to (the real) Paris Hilton holding a toy dog has
attracted 5. 1m followers. It is now possible to generate fake content with little more than the clickof a mouse.(这可能很有趣：在一个TikTok账号上，人造的穿着紫色长袍的汤姆·克鲁斯为
抱着玩具狗的（真实的）帕丽斯·希尔顿演唱了《小舞者》，吸引了510万粉丝。现在，只
需点击一下鼠标，就可以生成虚假内容)”可知，文章开头呈现的问题是：目前很容易生成
虚假内容，故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“From the printing press to the internet, new technologies
have made it easier to spread untruths or imitate the real.(从印刷机到互联网，新技术使得传播
虚假信息或模仿真实情况变得更加容易)”和后文“for example, AI-generated images of people
have often been betrayed by their strangely behaved hands(例如，人工智能生成的人的图像经
常被他们奇怪的手势所背叛)”可知，前文提到新技术使得传播虚假信息或模仿真实情况变
得更加容易，后文举例说明如何辨别虚假信息，由此推知，划线词所在句意为：通常情况
下，人类会使用捷径来发现不真实的内容，foul play是指前文提到的“虚假信息、不真实
的内容”，故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Online content will no longer prove itself, so who posted
something will become as important as what was posted. Assuming trustworthy sources can
continue to identify themselves securely via URLs, email addresses and social-media platforms,
reputation and origin will become more important than ever.(网络上的内容将不再自行验证其真
实性，因此内容发布者将变得与内容本身一样重要。假设可信的信息来源能够继续通过
URL、电子邮件地址和社交媒体平台安全地识别自己的身份，那么声誉和出处将变得比以
往任何时候都更加重要)”可知，可信的来源对于人们辨别虚假信息更重要，故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The fact that people may soon struggle to spot the invisible
hand of AI does not mean the marketplace of ideas is bound to fall.(人们可能很快就难以发现人
工智能这只无形的手，但这并不意味着人类思想市场的终结)”可知，作者对人类思想的态
度是积极的，故选D。
Passage 3
（23-24高三下·四川成都·期末）If your partner gets down on one knee to propose, or
you get a call with the job offer, your reaction might be to shout it from the rooftops. But new
research suggests that keeping good news a secret before telling someone else could make people
feel more energized.
“Decades of research on keeping secrets suggest it is bad for our well-being. However, thiswork has only examined keeping secrets that have negative effects for our lives. Is secrecy bad for
our well-being or do the negative effects of keeping secrets tend to originate from keeping
negative secrets?” asked lead researcher of the latest research Michael Slepian, PhD, a professor
of business at Columbia University.
In the experiment, some participants were asked to reflect on the good news they kept
secret, while others reflected on good news that was not secret, and then rated how energized the
news made them feel and whether they intended to share the news with someone else. The
researchers found that the participants who reflected on their positive secrets reported feeling
more energized than the participants who thought about their good news that was not secret.
“The research gives subtle differences to our understanding of the science of secrets.
Negative secrets tend to deplete us and have also been linked to anxiety and depression. Positive
secrets, however, seem to have an energizing effect and make people alive. One factor could be
that people often have different motivations for keeping good news to themselves. Those with
positive secrets were much more likely to keep quiet for internal reasons, not because they felt any
outside pressures.
“People sometimes go to great lengths to plan revealing a positive secret to make it all the
more exciting. This kind of surprise can be extremely enjoyable, but surprise is the most
fleeting(短暂的)of our emotions,” Slepian said. “Having extra time—days, weeks or even longer
—to imagine the joy full surprise on another person's face allows us more time with this exciting
moment, even if only in our own minds.”
9．What did Michael Slepian think of the previous research on secrecy?
A．It's one-sided. B．It's pointless C．It's convincing. D．It's pioneering.
10．Why were some participants more energized in the experiment?
A．They were free from secrets. B．They were optimistic and cheerful.
C．They had shared good news with others D．They had unrevealed positive secrets
11．What does the underlined word “deplete” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Panic B．Exhaust. C．Confuse D．Spoil.
12．According to the last paragraph, what did Slepian suggest readers do?
A．Never reveal a secret casually B．Let your imagination run wild.
C．Be creative when surprising others. D．Delay sharing a positive secret.【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哥伦比亚大学的教授Michael Slepian关于保密的研
究，他发现在告诉别人之前把好消息保密可以使人们感到更有活力。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Decades of research on secrecy suggest it is bad for our
well-being. However, this work has only examined keeping secrets that have negative effects for
our lives. Is secrecy inherently bad for our well-being or do the negative effects of secrecy tend to
originate from keeping negative secrets?”（几十年来对保密的研究表明，保密对我们的健康
有害。然而，这项工作只研究了保守对我们的生活有负面影响的秘密。保密是天生对我们
的幸福有害，还是保密的负面影响往往源于保守负面秘密？）可知，Michael Slepian认为
以前的研究只关注了保守负面秘密的影响，很片面，忽视了保守积极秘密的影响，故选
A。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The researchers found that the participants who reflected
on their positive secrets reported feeling more energized than the participants who thought about
their good news that was not secret.”（研究人员发现，回想自己的积极秘密的参与者比回想
那些没有秘密的好消息的参与者感觉更有活力。）可知，一些参与者因为他们有未公开的
积极秘密而感到更有活力，故选D。
11．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Negative secrets tend to deplete us and have also been
linked to anxiety and depression.”（消极的秘密往往会deplete，也与焦虑和抑郁症有关。）
可推知，负面的秘密有不利影响，往往会耗尽我们。故deplete在此处意为“耗尽”，故选
B。
12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“People sometimes go to great lengths to plan revealing
a positive secret to make it all the more exciting. This kind of surprise can be intensely enjoyable,
but surprise is the most fleeting of our emotions”（人们有时会不遗余力地计划透露一个积极
的秘密，让它变得更加令人兴奋。这种惊喜可能非常令人愉快，但惊喜是我们情绪中最短
暂的。）和“Having extra time days, weeks or even longer-to imagine the joyful surprise on
another person’s face allows us more time with this exciting moment, even if only in our own
minds.”（有额外的时间——几天，几周甚至更长的时间——想象别人脸上的喜悦惊喜，让
我们有更多的时间享受这个激动人心的时刻，即使只是在我们自己的脑海中。）可推知，
告诉别人之前把好消息保密可以使人们感到更兴奋，因此推断Slepian建议读者延迟分享积
极的秘密，故选D。Passage 4
（2024·江苏盐城·三模）Experts assert that China must capitalize on its vast data
resources to cultivate new growth engines and broaden data application scenarios across sectors,
as data emerges as a pivotal production element, fueling the digital economy’s high-quality
development. Jiang Xiaojuan, head of the China Society of Industrial Economics, emphasized at a
recent conference that data influences societal resource allocation and economic operations. Given
China’s status as the world’s leading data producer, Jiang advocated for maximizing data’s
multiplier effects, enriching sector-specific applications, and enhancing public data utilization.
Peking University’s Huang Yiping stressed that data use is nascent, advocating for a structured
data trading framework, robust security measures, and privacy safeguards. China’s data output in
2023 reached 32.85 zettabytes, up 22.44 percent year on year, with core digital economy
industries contributing 10% to GDP, according to the National Data Administration (NDA). The
NDA plans to introduce eight guidelines addressing data property rights, circulation, revenue
distribution, security, and public & enterprise data development this year. Twelve key sectors,
including manufacturing and finance, will see expanded data application scenarios.
Industry insiders underscored the importance of classifying data resources, clarifying rights,
exploring pricing mechanisms, and enhancing data circulation and utilization. Ouyang Rihui, of
the Central University of Finance and Economics, noted that data elements are integral to
production, consumption, and social services, driving industrial upgrades. The fusion of data with
traditional industries boosts efficiency, optimizes resource allocation, fosters new business models,
and generates social value. Data’s commodity-like attributes enable market-driven allocation,
creating significant economic and social benefits.
In December 2022, China outlined 20 measures to construct foundational data systems and
unlock data’s full potential. These encompass data property rights, trading, revenue distribution,
and security governance. Globally, the digital economy thrives, with emerging businesses powered
by big data, cloud computing, and AI finding applications across sectors and merging with the real
economy. According to a report, the combined digital economy of the US, China, Germany, Japan,
and South Korea surpassed $33 trillion, accounting for 60% of these nations’ GDP, marking an 8%
annual increase.13．What is recognized as a new type of production factor that is crucial for the high-quality
development of the digital economy in China?
A．Renewable energy resources
B．Advanced manufacturing techniques
C．Data
D．Artificial intelligence algorithms
14．According to Jiang Xiaojuan, what role does data play in society?
A．It solely improves the efficiency of communication networks.
B．It is irrelevant to the economic and social operations.
C．It affects the allocation of social resources and the logic of economic and social
operations.
D．It decreases the importance of traditional industries.
15．What did the National Data Administration report about China’s data output in 2023?
A．It decreased by 5% compared to the previous year.
B．It reached 32.85 zettabytes, showing a 22.4% increase year-on-year.
C．It remained stable with no significant changes.
D．It was primarily concentrated in the technology sector.
16．What measures did China unveil in December 2022 concerning data?
A．Plans to reduce the overall data output to manage environmental impacts.
B．Guidelines to restrict the use of data in sensitive industries.
C．A ban on international data trading to protect domestic interests.
D．Twenty key measures to build foundational data systems and fully unleash the value of
data resources.
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了专家断言，随着数据成为关键的生产要素，推动数
字经济的高质量发展，中国必须利用其庞大的数据资源，培育新的增长引擎，拓宽数据在
各个领域的应用场景。中国工业经济学会会长江小娟在最近的一次会议上强调，数据影响
着社会资源配置和经济运行。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Experts assert that China must capitalize on its vast data
resources to cultivate new growth engines and broaden data application scenarios across sectors,as data emerges as a pivotal production element, fueling the digital economy’s high-quality
development.”（专家断言，随着数据成为关键的生产要素，推动数字经济的高质量发展，
中国必须利用其庞大的数据资源，培育新的增长引擎，拓宽数据在各个领域的应用场景）
可知，中国数字经济高质量发展的关键新型生产要素是数据。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Jiang Xiaojuan, head of the China Society of Industrial
Economics, emphasized at a recent conference that data influences societal resource allocation and
economic operations. Given China’s status as the world’s leading data producer, Jiang advocated
for maximizing data’s multiplier effects, enriching sector-specific applications, and enhancing
public data utilization.”（中国工业经济学会会长江小涓在最近的一次会议上强调，数据影响
着社会资源配置和经济运行。考虑到中国作为世界领先的数据生产国的地位，江主张最大
限度地发挥数据的乘数效应，丰富特定部门的应用，提高公共数据的利用率。）可知，江
小涓认为，数据在社会中影响社会资源配置和经济社会运行逻辑。故选C项。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“China’s data output in 2023 reached 32.85 zettabytes, up
22.44 percent year on year, with core digital economy industries contributing 10% to GDP,
according to the National Data Administration (NDA).”（国家数据管理局表示，到2023年，
中国的数据输出将达到32.85泽字节，同比增长22.4%，核心数字经济产业对GDP的贡献
率将达到10%。）可知，国家数据管理局关于2023年中国数据输出的报告是达到32.85泽
字节，同比增长22.4%。故选B项。
16．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In December 2022, China outlined 20 measures to
construct foundational data systems and unlock data’s full potential. These encompass data
property rights, trading, revenue distribution, and security governance.”（2022年12月，中国提
出了建设数据基础体系、释放数据潜力的20项措施。这些包括数据产权、交易、收入分配
和安全治理。）可知，2022年12月，中国提出建设数据基础体系，充分释放数据资源价
值的20项重点措施。故选D项。
Passage 5
（2024·江苏盐城·三模）Over 30,000 metabolic and bariatric surgeries (MBS) were
conducted in China last year, reflecting both increased public awareness and a growing obesity
epidemic, according to Dr. Wang Bing, a chief surgeon at Shanghai No 9 People’s Hospital. His
team, pioneers in weight-loss surgery since 2008, now performs approximately 300 surgeriesannually, up from a dozen initially. Patients often present with comorbidities such as high blood
pressure, diabetes, and sleep apnea, conditions exacerbated by obesity. MBS, which shrinks the
stomach and sometimes reroutes digestion, is deemed the most effective long-term weight
management solution, rarely leading to relapse.
Wang notes that Asians typically exhibit abdominal obesity, characterized by excess
visceral fat, a root cause of metabolic disorders. Compared to Japan and South Korea, China’s
obesity rate is notably higher. Post-surgery, patients often experience transformative hormonal
changes and improved brain signaling, contributing to significant metabolic improvements. MBS
is recommended for individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 32.5, or over 27.5 with two
metabolic diseases. Women, despite constituting 30% of the obese population, comprise 70% of
patients, highlighting gender differences in health-seeking behavior.
Despite its effectiveness, MBS remains underutilized, with only a fraction of eligible
patients opting for the procedure. Obesity, recognized as a disease by the WHO since 1948, affects
over half of China’s population, nearly doubling since 2002. Alarmingly, 20% of minors aged 6-17
and 10% under 6 are overweight or obese, attributed to lifestyle changes and dietary
westernization. A father-son duo from Shanghai, who underwent MBS a month ago, exemplify the
surgery’s benefits, reporting significant weight loss, improved sleep quality, and reduced
symptoms of sleep apnea, high blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiac hypertrophy. Their ongoing
recovery underscores the importance of continued monitoring for metabolic disorder indicators.
17．What is the primary reason for the increase in metabolic and bariatric surgeries (MBS) in
China, according to Dr. Wang Bing?
A．The decline in traditional Chinese medicine practices
B．The rise in obesity rates and greater public awareness of MBS
C．The availability of new surgical technologies
D．Increased funding for healthcare facilities
18．Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with patients seeking MBS
in China?
A．High blood pressure
B．Diabetes
C．Sleep apneaD．Asthma
19．According to the article, what is a distinctive feature of obesity in Asians, particularly in
China, compared to other ethnic groups?
A．Asians tend to have less body fat but more muscle mass.
B．Asians primarily experience obesity in the form of abdominal obesity, characterized by
excess visceral fat.
C．Asians are less likely to suffer from obesity-related diseases.
D．Asians show a lower Body Mass Index (BMI) for the same level of obesity.
20．Why is MBS considered underutilized in China, despite its effectiveness?
A．Because the majority of the population prefers alternative medicine
B．Because of the high cost of the procedure
C．Because only a small percentage of eligible patients opt for the surgery
D．Because there is a lack of qualified surgeons to perform the procedure
【答案】17．B 18．D 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了上海第九人民医院主任外科医生王兵表示，去年中
国进行了3万多例代谢和减肥手术(MBS)，这反映了公众意识的提高和肥胖流行病的日益
严重。他的团队自2008年以来一直是减肥手术的先驱，现在每年进行大约300次手术，而
最初只有12次。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Over 30,000 metabolic and bariatric surgeries (MBS) were
conducted in China last year, reflecting both increased public awareness and a growing obesity
epidemic, according to Dr. Wang Bing, a chief surgeon at Shanghai No 9 People’s Hospital. His
team, pioneers in weight-loss surgery since 2008, now performs approximately 300 surgeries
annually, up from a dozen initially.”（上海第九人民医院主任外科医生王兵表示，去年中国进
行了3万多例代谢和减肥手术(MBS)，这反映了公众意识的提高和肥胖流行病的日益严重。
他的团队自2008年以来一直是减肥手术的先驱，现在每年进行大约300次手术，而最初只
有12次。）可知，王兵医生认为，中国代谢和减肥手术(MBS)增加的主要原因是肥胖率的
上升和公众对MBS的更大认识。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Patients often present with comorbidities such as high blood
pressure, diabetes, and sleep apnea, conditions exacerbated by obesity.”（患者通常伴有合并症，
如高血压、糖尿病和睡眠呼吸暂停，肥胖加重了这些疾病。）可知，寻求MBS的患者和哮喘这一情况没有关联。故选D项。
19．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wang notes that Asians typically exhibit abdominal obesity,
characterized by excess visceral fat, a root cause of metabolic disorders.”（王指出，亚洲人通常
表现为腹部肥胖，其特征是内脏脂肪过多，这是代谢紊乱的根本原因。）可知，根据文章，
与其他民族相比，亚洲人，尤其是中国人，肥胖的一个显著特征是亚洲人的肥胖主要表现
为腹部肥胖，其特征是内脏脂肪过多。故选B项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Despite its effectiveness, MBS remains underutilized, with
only a fraction of eligible patients opting for the procedure.”（尽管它很有效，但MBS仍未得
到充分利用，只有一小部分符合条件的患者选择了该手术。）可知，尽管MBS很有效，但
在中国被认为未得到充分利用是因为只有一小部分符合条件的病人选择手术。故选C项。
